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Exercise_10.3_-_Intermolecular_...
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AP Chemistry
Exercise 10.3
Intermolecular Forces
Date:
Per:
Types of Solids
Intermolecular Force(s) Between Particles
1. Metallic Crystals (Metals)
Metallic bonding: Valence electrons form mobile sea of electrons which comprise the metallic bond.
Ex: Na, Cu, Fe, Mn 2. Ionic Crystals (Ionic Solids)
Ionic Bonding/Ion-dipole: Attraction of charged ions for one another. Lattice energy is a measure of ionic bond strength. Attractive force between an ion and
Ex: NaCl, MgCl2, MgO
an oppositely charged end of a permanent dipole possessed by a neutral
molecule.
3. Network Covalent Crystals
Network covalent bonding. Network solids are extremely hard compounds with very high melting and boiling points due to their endless 3-dimensional network
Ex: C(diamond), SiC(s), SiO2(quartz) 4. Molecular Crystals
of covalent bonds. Hydrogen bonding: Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds, but stronger than (b) or (c) below. A hydrogen atom attached to one of these three
One or more of the following:
(a) Need H bonded to O, N or F:
(a)
Ex: H₂O, HF, NH3.
elements possesses a substantial partial positive charge. The positive end of each
of the bond dipoles (H atom) is capable of strongly interacting with an unshared
electron pair possessed by N, O, or F atom of an adjacent molecule.
(b) CHF3, CH,COCH, (acetone) and H₂O, HF, NHS.
(b) Dipole-dipole forces: these forces act between polar molecules. They are much
weaker than hydrogen bonding. Positive end of permanent dipole on one molecule aligns itself with negative end of permanent dipole on another molecule. Only significant in effect when molecules are close together. They usually dominate over (c) below.
(c) CH (benzene),
(c) Dispersion forces (induced dipole-induced dipole or London dispersion forces): universal force of attraction between instantaneous dipoles. These forces are the compounds from (a) and weak for small, low-molecular weight molecules, but greater for heavy, long, and/or highly polarizable molecules with increasing molecular volume. Short range attractive forces between molecules resulting from momentary mutual distortion (polarization) of electron clouds. Dispersion forces: See Section 4(c) above.
polyethylene, 12, F2, and all
(b) above.
5. Atomic Crystals Ex: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe
*Note: Many of the compounds given as examples are not solids at room temperature. But if you cool them down to a low enough temperature, eventually they will become solids.
2 FIXED THIS PART
The physical properties of a substance depend on its intermolecular forces. The stronger the forces between particles,
a.
b. the higher lower the boiling point.
C.
the higher lower the melting point.
the higher Tower the vapor pressure.
the higher lower the viscosity (resistance to flow). the higher lower the surface tension (resistance to an increase in surface area).
d.
2.
What type of crystal will each of the following substances form in its solid state? Choices to consider are metallic, ionic,
covalent, or molecular crystals. (a) C₂H₂ MOLECULAR
(d) CO₂
MOLECULAR
(8) AI METALLIC
(b) Na2O IONIC
(e) N₂Os
MOLECULAR (f) NaNO, IONIC
(h) C(diamond) COVALENT
(c) SiO2
COVALENT
(1) SO₂ MOLECULAR
3. Circle all the compounds in the following list which would be expected to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the liquid state:
(CHOCH
(dimethyl ether)
(b) CH4 H
(c) HF (d) CH,CO,H
(e) Brz
(f) CH3OH (methanol)
H-C-O-C-H Revised: 2019-02-21
H-C-H
C-C-O-H
:Br
no N, O, F to H BOND
H-F: H
H
H
H
Chemistry
Exercise 10.3
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A solution (a mixture of liquid) contains 63.55g of Cu and 96g of Sulfate. What is the percent Cu in the solution.
The percent of copper in solution is 39.8% when a solution contains copper and suphate.
What is a solution and how the percent of copper in the solution is calculated out to be so?A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more components that dissolve in the solvent.Here in this question is given the mass of copper that is 63 g and the mass of sulphate that is 96 g.The molecular mass of copper sulphate would be 63.55 g + 96 g = 159.55 g.Now to calculate the percent of copper present in copper sulphate is given by 63.55/ 159.55 x 100 = 39.8%.So here is the answer that is 39.8% copper is present in the solution.To know more about solution visit:
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what was mendeleevs predictions for germanium
Answer
Mendeleev predicted the properties of undicovered elements such as Germanium. He ddeuced based on the gaps in the periodic tbl
A 3.75 g piece of gold initially at 587.15 K is dropped into 20.6 mL of water at 295.75 K. Calculate the final temperature (in K). Assume that all heat transfer occurs between the gold and the water. The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g*K and the density of water is 1 g/mL. The specific heat of gold is 0.129 J/g*K.
A 3.75 g piece of gold, initially at 587.15 K, is dropped into 20.6 mL of 295.75 K water. The final temperature is 291.4 K.
What is temperature?Temperature is defined as a measure of hotness or coldness expressed on any of several arbitrary scales and indicating the direction in which heat energy will spontaneously flow that is, from a hotter to a colder body.
To calculate the final temperature
ΔT = T1 - T2
Where T1 = 587.15 K
T2 = 295.75 K
ΔT = 587.15 - 295.75
ΔT = 291.4 K
Heat capacity of gold is
q = mcΔT
q = 3.75 x 0.129 x 291.4
q = 140.96 J
Thus, a 3.75 g piece of gold, initially at 587.15 K, is dropped into 20.6 mL of 295.75 K water. The final temperature is 291.4 K.
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What is this geometrical chemistry name of this?
The geometrical chemistry name of the given structure is tetrahedral geometry or Sp3 hybrid structure and the hybridisation is called Sp3 hybridisation .
What is Sp3 hybridisation?The process of combining the characteristics of one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals to produce four hybrid orbitals with similar properties is known as "sp3 hybridization." An atom needs three p orbitals and a s orbital in order to be sp3 hybridized.
Tetrahedral hybridization, or sp3, is the process by which one's' orbital and three 'p' orbitals from the same atomic shell combine to generate four new equivalent orbitals. Sp3 hybrid orbitals are the new orbitals that have generated.
These form an angle of 109°28' with one another and are pointed at the four corners of a conventional tetrahedron.
The sp3 hybrid orbitals are at an angle of 109.280 degrees.
25% s character and 75% p character make up each sp3 hybrid orbital.
Ethane (C2H6) and methane are two examples of sp3 hybridization.
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A chemical reaction produces 0.379 mol of neon gas at STP.
What is the volume of the sample of neon gas?
Volume of the sample of neon gas is 8.48L
Volume can be calculated by multiplying mole of gas with molar gas volume and the neon gas is the inert gas which is present in group 18 of the periodic table used in electric sign and florecent lamp
Here given data is 0.379 mol of neon gas at STP
Formula to calculate volume
Volume = n×Vm
Where n = number of moles
Vm = molar gas of volume at STP
Put the given value in the formula then
V = 0.379 mol × 22.4L/mol
V = 8.48L
Volume of the sample of neon gas is 8.48L
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How many moles of solute are in 750 ml of 4.9 M (Molar$ CaCI2? How many grams of CACI2 is this?
According to the explanation given in a previous session, now we have to use the same molarity formula to find the number of moles of CaCl2, let's set up the formula and add the values:
M = n/V
4.9 = n/0.750
n = 4.9*0.750
n = 3.675 moles of CaCl2
Now to find the mass in grams, we need both the number of moles, 3.675 moles, and also the molar mass of CaCl2, which is, 110.98g/mol
110.98g = 1 mol
x grams = 3.675 moles
x = 407.85 grams of CaCl2
Which of the four fundamental forces holds the nucleus together?OA. Electrostatic forceOB. Force of gravityO C. Strong nuclear forceOD. Weak nuclear force
Answer:
C. Strong nuclear force.
Explanation:
First, let's review the definitions of the given concepts of the group of answer choices:
- Electrostatic force: It's the interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles (positive and negative charges).
- Force of gravity: is a fundamental interaction where there is a mutual attraction between all things that have mass or energy.
- Strong nuclear force: is what keeps nuclei together (protons and neutrons together).
- Weak nuclear force: this force is responsible for particle decay.
Based on these definitions, the force that holds the nucleus together would be C. Strong nuclear force.
PLEASE ANSWER I am begging seriously
A student pipettes 5 ml of vinegar into a erleyenmeyer flask, adds indictator and 25 ml of distilled water and titrates it with 0.1098M naoh. calculate the concentraion of acetic acid in the vinegar if the intitial volume reading on the burrette was 1.35 ml and the final reading is 37.83ml
The calculated concentration of the acetic acid neutralized is 0.134 M.
What is the concentration ?In this case, the task that we have is to obtain by calculation what would be the concentration of the acetic acid that is need to neutralize 0.1098M of sodium hydroxide solution.
Given that;
Total volume of the vinegar = 5 ml + 25 mL = 30 mL
Molarity of the sodium hydroxide = 0.1098M
Volume used for neutralization = 37.83ml - 1.35 ml = 36.48 mL
Applying the relation;
CAVA/CVB = NA/VB
CAVANB = CBVBNA
CA= CBVBNA/VANB
CA = 0.1098 * 36.48 * 1/30 * 1
CA = 0.134 M
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3. Which sample has the highest average kinetic
energy?
a) 200 grams of water at 10 °C
b) 50 grams of water at 100 °C
c) 100 grams of water at -20 °C
d) 25 grams of water at 50 °C
The temperature of a substance is directly related to its kinetic energy. Because kinetic energy is the energy a substance has because of its molecules being in motion, as a substance absorbs heat its molecules move faster, thereby increasing the substance's kinetic energy.
From this we can get that 50 grams of water at 100 °C will have highest average kinetic energy then 25 grams of water at 50 °C will have slightly less kinetic energy then 200 grams of water at 10 °C and then 100 grams of water at -20 °C
What is Average kinetic energy ?This implies that RMS speed and temperature also have a relationship. The average kinetic energy (K) is determined by multiplying the RMS speed (vrms) by the square of the mass (m) of each gas molecule.
The average kinetic energy of a substance's particles directly relates to the substance's Kelvin temperature. For instance, the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of hydrogen gas at 200K is twice that of the particles in the same sample at 100K.Learn more about Average kinetic energy here:
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Identify the limiting reagent in this reaction using a starting amount of 20.0g of each reactant. Show your work
The balanced equation is:
2C(s) + 3H2(g) --> C2H6(g)
The molar mass of C is 12.01 g/mol.
The molar mass of H2 is 2.02 g/mol.
We can see from that the limiting reactant from the question is carbon.
What is the limiting reactant?The limiting reactant is the reactant that would determine when the reaction would stop. This is so because that reactant is present in the least amount in the system.
Given that;
Number of moles of carbon = 20.0g/ 12.01 g/mol = 1.67 moles
Number of moles of hydrogen = 20.0g/2.02 g/mol = 9.9 moles
Given that 2 moles of carbon reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen
1.67 moles of carbon reacts with; 1.67 moles * 3 moles / 2 moles
= 2.51 moles
Hence the limiting reactant is carbon.
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What could cause bond angles to differ between molecules ?
• We need to take into consideration that many factors lead to variations from the ideal bond angles of a molecular shape. Size of the atoms involved, presence of lone pairs, multiple bonds, large groups attached to the central atom,
• In this instance,, Option 2,3,4, are applicable in order to cause bond angles to differ between molecules.
(b) Calculate the number of moles of magnesium and sulfuric acid that reacted.
Answer
The moles of Mg that reacted = 0.005 moles
The moles of H₂SO₄ that reacted = 0.005 moles.
Justification: The mole ratio from the balanced equation is 1 : 1 and since the moles of H₂SO₄ (0.005 mol is less than 0.020571898 mol of Mg) is the limiting reactant, it determines when the reaction goes into completion.
Explanation
Given:
Mass of magnesium that reacts = 0.50 g
The volume of sulfuric acid that reacts = 25 cm³
Molarity of sulfuric acid that reacts = 0.20 moldm⁻³
What to find:
The number of moles of magnesium and sulfuric acid that reacted.
Step-by-step solution:
Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
Mg + H₂SO₄ → H₂ + MgSO₄
Step 2: Convert the mass of Mg and molarity of H₂SO₄ to moles.
The mass of Mg can be converted to moles using the mole formula:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Moles=\frac{Mass}{Molar\text{ }mass} \\ \\ Molar\text{ }mass\text{ }of\text{ }Mg=24.305\text{ }g\text{/}mol \\ \\ Moles=\frac{0.50\text{ }g}{24.305\text{ }g\text{/}mol}=0.020571898\text{ }mol \end{gathered}[/tex]25 cm³ of 0.20 moldm⁻³ of H₂SO₄ can be converted to moles using the formula for molarity:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Molarity=\frac{Moles}{Volume\text{ }in\text{ }dm^3} \\ \\ Moles=Molarity\times Volume\text{ }in\text{ }dm^3 \\ \\ Moles=0.20\text{ }moldm^{-3}\times0.025\text{ }dm^3 \\ \\ Moles=0.005\text{ }mol \end{gathered}[/tex]Step 3: Calculate the number of moles of magnesium and sulfuric acid that reacted.
From step 2: moles of Mg = 0.020571898 mol, moles of H₂SO₄ = 0.005 mol
Using the mole ratio of Mg and H₂SO₄ from the balanced equation in step 1, that 1 mol Mg = 1 mol H₂SO₄
Therefore, the moles of Mg that reacted will be 0.005 moles, and the moles of H₂SO₄ that reacted will be 0.005 moles.
Justification: The mole ratio from the balanced equation is 1 : 1 and since the moles of H₂SO₄ (0.005 mol is less than 0.020571898 mol of Mg) is the limiting reactant, it determines when the reaction goes into completion.
Atoms of nonmetals react with both metals and other non metals
A. true
B. False
Calculatetheamountofiron(III)oxideina74gsample.
Answer
0.46 molesExplanation
Given:
Mass of iron (III) oxide sample = 74 g
What to find:
The amount (mole) of iron (III) oxide in a 74 g sample.
Solution:
The amount (mole) of iron (III) oxide in a 74 g sample can be calculated using the mole formula.
[tex]Mole=\frac{Mass}{Molar\text{ }mass}[/tex]Using the molar masses of Fe = 55.845 g/mol, and O = 15.999 g/mol.
The molar mass of Fe2O3 = (2 x 55.845) + (3 x 15.999) = 159.687 g/mol
Putting mass = 74 g and molar mass = 159.687 g/mol, the amount will be
[tex]Mole=\frac{74\text{ }g}{159.687\text{ }g\text{/}mol}=0.463406539\text{ }mol[/tex]Therefore, the amount of iron (III) oxide in a 74 g sample is approximately 0.46 moles.
can you help me gain a complete understanding of what chemically occurs during the electrolysis of copper sulfate using copper for both electrodes? the copper sulfate in this situation is dissolved in water. thank you
In electrolysis, the anode is positively charged while cathode is negatively charged
So, Cu2+ moves towards the negative electrode which is cathode
while SO42- moves towards anode
Since cathode(being negatively charged) rich in electrons, Cu2+ gains 2 electrons and sticks to the electrode and becomes Cu (solid form)
While, on anode, SO42- should go to loose electrons but this doesnt happen as it requires lot of energy to do that (overvoltage)
Instead, anode (which is itself made of Cu) starts loosing electrons and starts dissolving to release Cu2+ ions (as this process will require less energy)
So, in the electrolysis of CuSo4 using Cu electrodes,
Cathode reaction: Cu2+ + 2 e ---> Cu
Anode reaction: Cu ---> Cu2+ + 2e
25 Lorax equals how many schlopp
We produce trash. Every time we produce something, waste is typically produced. That trash was referred to by Dr. Seuss as "Gluppity Glup" and "Schloppity-Schlopp." Whatever we choose to call it, waste can become a problem if it isn't handled appropriately.
Schloppity Schlopp, what is he? In The Lorax?We produce trash. Every time we produce something, waste is typically produced. That trash was referred to by Dr. Seuss as "Gluppity Glup" and "Schloppity-Schlopp." Whatever we choose to call it, waste can become a problem if it isn't handled appropriately.
What abilities did The Lorax haveAxe ManTotal name Unknown.Alias. A Lorax. Lorax. Origin: Mustache (by Once-ler). A Lorax.Occupation. The Truffula forest's defender.Powers/Skills. Immortality. superior intelligence, hobby. the preservation of the Truffula woodland. frightening the Once-lerGoals. With his life, defend the truffula woodland (ongoing).Family. zero knownWhat is the Lorax image's equivalent in schlopp?Using the literary device of personification to create relatable characters for industry (as the Once-ler), the environment (as the Truffula trees), and environmental activism, the tale is widely regarded as a fable on the danger of avarice causing human damage of the natural environment.
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The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H202. Which modelrepresents a molecule of hydrogen peroxide?
Answer
The model which best represents a molecule of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is option B.
Fill in the table to show your work." Write the entire given: you do not need to include the substance/formula. Round all numbers to thehundredths.Use the following units: "mol", "molecules", "atoms" and "g" for grams and "L" for liters.If you need to write an exponent use the "*" (ex: 6.02 x 10^23).What is the mass of 6.30 moles of Ca(OH)2?
The question requires us to calculate the mass of 6.30 moles of Ca(OH)2.
To calculate the mass of the given number of moles of Ca(OH)2, first we need to calculate the molar mass of this compound and then multiply it by the number of moles given.
- Calculating the molar mass:
We calculate the molar mass from the atomic mass of the elements Ca, O and H (the elements present in the molecule) and considering the number of atoms of this elements.
The atomic masses are:
atomic mass (Ca) = 40.08 u
atomic mass (O) = 15.99 u
atomic mass (H) = 1.01 u
There is 1 atom of Ca, 2 atoms of O and 2 atoms of H in the molecule. Thus, we calculate the molar mass of Ca(OH)2 as:
molar mass Ca(OH)2 = (1 * 40.08) + (2 *15.99) + (2 * 1.01) = 74.08 g/mol
- Calculating the mass of 6.30 moles of Ca(OH)2:
Now that we have the molar mass of Ca(OH)2, we can use it to calculate the mass of the given number of moles of this compound. To do that, we'll use the following equation:
[tex]n=\frac{m}{M}\to m=n\times M[/tex]where n is the number of moles, m is the mass and M is the molar mass.
The calculation we need to do, with units, is as it follows:
[tex]6.30\text{ mol}\times\frac{74.08g}{1\text{mol}}=466.7\text{ g}[/tex]Therefore, the mass of 6.30 moles of Ca(OH)2 is 466.7 g.
The electromagnetic spectrum shown in the diagram below is describing which type of energy?
The electromagnetic spectrum shown in the diagram is describing radiant energy.
What is an electromagnetic spectrum?The electromagnetic spectrum shows the total range of frequencies or wavelengths that electromagnetic radiation covers or occurs.
The electromagnetic spectrum usually arranges all forms of electromagnetic radiation from that having the shortest wavelength or highest frequency to that having the longest wavelength or lowest frequency or vice versa.
The electromagnetic spectrum shown arranges electromagnetic radiation from gamma rays to radio waves.
All forms of electromagnetic radiation possess radiant energy.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP
CaF2 (s) <--> Ca2+(aq) + 2F- (aq)
What is the solubility constant when the concentration of Ca2+ is 0.002M and the concentration of F- is 0.004M?
When the concentrations of Ca2+ and F- are 0.002M and 0.004M, respectively, the solubility constant will be 3.2x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex].
What does a solution's concentration mean?The amount of solute that has been dissolved in a specific volume of solvent or solution is measured by the solution's concentration. A solution that contains a significant amount of dissolved solute is said to be concentrated.
What is an example of concentration?You can determine how much solute has been dissolved in the solvent by looking at the concentration of the solution. For instance, the concentration could be stated as 1 teaspoon of salt per 2 cups of water if you add 1 teaspoon to 2 cups of water.
Given that,CaF2(s) <==> Ca 2+(aq) + 2F- (aq)
Solubility constant(Ksp) is written as
Ksp = [tex][Ca^{2+} ][F-]^{2}[/tex]
Ksp = [tex][0.002][0.0004]^{2}[/tex]
Ksp = 3.2x[tex]10^{-8}[/tex]
So, the Solubility constant is 3.2x[tex]10^{-8}[/tex].
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in terms of volume, how do ml and cm³ relate to one another?
Answer: 1 mL = 1 cm^3
Explanation:
This is a common conversion, 1 mL equals 1 cm^3. They are the same volume.
Write the balanced equation for the reaction that corresponds to the deltaHf for water
The equation of the enthalpy of the formation of water is:
H₂O (g) + ¹/₂ O₂ (g)----> H₂O (g)
What is the enthalpy change for the formation of water?The enthalpy change for the formation of water refers to the heat changes that occur when a mole of water is formed from its constituent elements.
The equation for the formation of water is given below:
2 H₂O (g) + O₂ (g)----> 2 H₂O (g)
The enthalpy of the formation of water, ΔHf, is -249 kJ.
A water molecule s formed from the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas reacting with a mole ratio of 2 : 1.
The reaction of the formation of water is an exothermic reaction, hence, the enthalpy of the formation of water, ΔHf, has a negative value.
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How do elements cycle through the atmosphere?
The elements cycle through the atmosphere is biogeochemical cycle. In atmosphere different types of cycle are revolving around.
What is biogeochemical cycle?The biogeochemical cycle is refer to the exchange of substances between biotic and abiotic sources.
It can also be defined as the process by which a chemical material circulates through Earth's biotic and abiotic regions.
There are six types of biogeochemical cycle.
Water cycleCarbon cycleNitrogen cycleOxygen cyclePhosphorous cycleSulphur cycleThus, the elements cycle through the atmosphere is biogeochemical cycle. In atmosphere different types of cycle are revolving around.
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Do you think it will be harder to get the strong magnets to “change phase”? Explain.
Yes, it will be harder to get the strong magnets to change phase because the molecules are tightly packed together.
What is a Magnet?
This is referred to as a material which has the ability to produce its own magnetic field and consists of north and south poles. It is usually made from substances such as iron and is usually hard.
In a magnet, the like poles repel and the unlike poles attract and in this scenario, it will be harder to get the strong magnet to 'change phase' as a result of the atomic structure of the substances involved.
They are in the form of solids, which means that there is very little or no space between the atoms. This translates to a higher force of attraction and strong bonding thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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If 200.4 g of water is mixed with 101.42 g of salt, the mass of the final solution would be reported as
A)
301.82 g.
B)
301.8 g.
C)
302 g.
D)
300 g.
Water can be made using the reversible reaction shown. Which change would
keep this reaction from shifting to form more of the product?
2H₂+022H₂O + energy
A. Increasing the concentration of H₂ gas in the reaction vessel
B. Decreasing the temperature in the reaction vessel
C. Removing the H₂O from the reaction vessel as it forms
D. Increasing the temperature in the reaction vessel
Decreasing the temperature in the reaction vessel keep this reaction from shifting to form more of the product.
As we know that rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant.
If we increase the concentration of H2 then the rate of reaction increases. So, we keep it constant. Therefore this option is wrong.
By removing the H₂O from the reaction vessel as it almost make no change in the reaction. This can be pursuited the reaction in which product again converted into product.
By increasing the temperature we increases the rate of reaction and equilibrium shift in the forward direction.
Thus, we concluded that by decreasing the temperature in the reaction vessel keep this reaction from shifting to form more of the product.
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how to do 4 please it is a quick question
Answer
a) Group 16
b) Group 1
c) Group 15
d)
e)
f) Sodium
g) Oxygen
h) Phosphorus
Procedure
Using the periodic table below identify the elements. The periodic table organizes elements in a way that reflects their number and pattern of electrons. The table places elements into columns—groups—and rows—periods.
An element’s column number gives information about its number of valence electrons and reactivity. In general, the number of valence electrons is the same within a column and increases from left to right within a row. Applies only for groups 1,2, 13-18 (remembering that from 13 to 18 the last number is the valence).
Not a timed or graded assignment. Quick answer showing what whole numbers I need to put in = amazing review
ANSWER
[tex]CF_4+2Br_2\text{ }\rightarrow CBr_4+2F_2[/tex]STEP-BY-BY STEP EXPLANATION:
Given equation
[tex]CF_4+Br_2\text{ }\rightarrow CBr_4+F_2[/tex]To balance the above equation, we will need to apply the law of conservation of mass
The next process is to assign variables to each of the reactants and products
[tex]\text{aCF}_{4\text{ }}+bBr_2\text{ }\rightarrow cCBr_4+dF_2[/tex]For carbon
we have 1 carbon atom at the reactant side and 1 carbon atom on the product side
Mathematically
a = c
For Fluorine
We have 4 atoms of fluorine at the reactant side and 2 atoms of fluorine at the product side
4a = 2d
For Bromine
we have 2 atoms of bromine on the reactant side and 4 bromine atoms on the product side.
2b = 4c
Since a = c
Therefore, a = 1 and c = 1
2b = 4c
Recall that, c = 1
2b = 4
Divide both sides by 2
2b/2 = 4/2
b = 2
we also know that, 4a = 2d
a = 1
4(1) = 2d
4 = 2d
Divide both sides by 2
4/2 = 2d/2
d = 2
Therefore,
a = 1
b = 2
c = 1
d = 2
Balance the following
Answer:
Your coefficients (the numbers in front of the molecule) will be the following from left to right.
1. 1 - 2 - 1 - 2
2. 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 1
3. 2 - 4 - 1
4. 2 - 4 - 3
5. 2 - 2 - 2 - 1
6. 1 - 1 - 1
7. 2 - 1 - 2
8. 3 - 1 - 2 - 3
9. 3 - 1 - 2 - 3
10. 2 - 1 - 1 - 1
Explanation:
To balance this equations first count how many times an element is on each side and then see what needs to be changed in order to balance them.
N₂ (g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH3(g)
If 18.2 kg N₂ is mixed with 4.50 kg H₂, and 19.8 kg of NH3 is collected.
(a) Which reactant is the limiting reagent?
(b) How many kilograms of the excess reagent left?
(c) What is the percent yield of NH3
(a) Therefore the limiting reagent is N2.
(b) The kilograms of excess reagent left = 0.5709 kg.
(c) % Yield = 89.475 %.
Given reaction is
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ------> 2NH3(g)
mass of N2=18.2 kg=18.2 x 103 g (Since 1 kg=1000 g)
Molar mass of N2=28.0134 g/mol
Moles of N2=mass/molar
mass = (18.2 x 103 g)/(28.0134 g/mol) = 649.689 mol.
the mass of H2 = 4.5 kg = 4.5 x 103 g = 4500 g
The molar mass of H2 = 2.01588 g/mol
Moles of H2 = (4.5 x 103 g )/(2.01588 g/mol) = 2232.276 mol.
As per the balanced equation, the mole ratio between N2:H2 = 1:3.
But here N2:H2 = 649.689: 2232.276 = 1:3.436
That means H2 is in excess.
(a) Therefore the limiting reagent is N2.
(b) The actual moles of H2 required = 3 x mol of N2 used = 3 x 649.689 mol = 1949.067 mol.
Mass of H2 required = moles x molar mass = 1949.067 mol x 2.01588 g/mol = 3929.085 g.
The excess mass of H2 present = 4500 g - 3929.085 g = 570.91 g = 0.5709 kg.
The kilograms of excess reagent left = 0.5709 kg.
(c) The theoretical yield of NH3 = 2x moles of N2 used = 2 x 649.689 mol = 1299.378 mol.
The molar mass of NH3 = 17.03052 g/mol
Therefore theoretical yield of NH3 =moles x molar mass = 1299.378 mol x 17.03052 g/mol = 22129.08 g
Theoretical yield of NH3 =22.129 kg
Given the experimental yield of NH3 = 19.8 kg.
Therefore,
% Yield = (Experimental yield)/(Theoretical yield ) x 100
% Yield=(19.8 kg/22.129 kg) x 100=89.475 %.
% Yield=89.475 %.
What is Reactant?Reagent or analytical reagent is a substance or compound that is added to a system to produce or test a chemical reaction as it occurs. The terms reactant and reactant are not often used interchangeably, but a reactant defines a substance that is used up in a chemical reaction.
H2 (hydrogen gas) and O2 (oxygen gas) are reactants in the reaction that forms liquid water: 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(l).
Note that mass is conserved in this equation. There are four hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms on the original and multiplicative sides of the equation.
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