A DNA segment of ATCGAT would be transcribed into an mRNA sequence which would in turn be translated into a sequence of UAGCUA, AUCGAU.
Transcription is the process by which information on a DNA strand is copied into new messenger RNA molecules. The process of copying DNA into RNA is called transcription, and the process of using RNA to make proteins is called translation. The process of making mRNA from DNA, called transcription, takes place in the cell nucleus.
RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand and forms phosphodiester bonds. This binding joins the RNA nucleotides individually to form a single-stranded mRNA. This will synthesize the mRNA together with the thawed DNA portion. Translation takes place in ribosomes in the cell's cytoplasm, where the mRNA is read and translated into chains of amino acids that make up the synthesized protein.
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HELP ME FAST PLEASE What is a gamete?
a cell from a zygote with the diploid number of chromosomes
a cell used for reproduction that contains the haploid number of chromosomes
a cell used to protect the internal parts of the body that contains the diploid number of chromosomes
a cell used for reproduction that contains the diploid number of chromosomes
Answer:
a cell used for reproduction that contains the haploid number of chromosomes.
Explanation:
A gamete is a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
What is the structure of prokaryotic chromosomes?
(a) circular DNA tightly wrapped around histones
(b) circular DNA with no histones
(c) long, linear DNA with no histones
(d) long, linear DNA tightly wrapped around histones
The structure of prokaryotic chromosomes is circular DNA tightly wound around histones.
What is the structure of DNA in prokaryotes?Chromosomes have a basic structure: a DNA molecule that has portions wrapped in grains formed by eight molecules of a protein called histone. Each histone grain with coiled DNA is called a nucleosome.
What is the function of the chromosome?A chromosome can be demarcated along its length into thousands of regions called genes. The function of chromosomes is to control cell functions. In addition, they carry an individual's genetic information through genes.
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What are the three types of fossiles and what made them form different
Three different types of fossils are impression fossils, trace fossils, and replacement fossils.
Impression fossils form when a leaf, shell, skin, or foot. leaves an imprint in soft earth. When the imprint hardens, it forms a fossil in the shape of the original.
Trace fossils They tells about geological records of the activities and behaviors of past life. These fossils are different from body fossils that preserve the actual remains of a body such as shells or bones.
Replacement occurs when the original shell or bone dissolves and then gets replaced by a different mineral . Mostly leave and ferns and dark imprint of fossils .
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what are three types of consumers and how are they different
Answer:
Primary consumer are herbivores
Secondary consumer are carnivores
Tertiary consumer
The three sorts of consumers in the animal kingdom are carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores.
i. Carnivores eat only meat.
ii. Herbivores eat only plants, while
iii. omnivores have to consume both plants and meat to satisfy their dietary requirements.
Generally speaking, the citizenry is an omnivore. they have both plants and meat to survive. However, there are those that choose not to consume meat. they're called vegetarians.
Samples of herbivores are cows and sheep, which have unique digestive systems capable of breaking down the material.
Carnivores usually eat herbivores, and an example of those meat-eating animals is wolves. Some insects also can be carnivores, like the dragonfly, which hunts other insects for food.
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Upon release from the terminal cisternae, some calcium ions bind to ______ causing it to change shape.
Answer: troponin
Explanation: Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind to a subunit of globular troponin, a component of thin filaments.
You are a family practitioner. Which of the following patients you see is most likely to need Vitamin D supplements?
A. A man with olive skin who lives in Florida.
B. A woman with dark brown skin who lives in Michigan.
C. A woman with light brown skin who works outside year-round.
D. A man with light skin who spends his winters in Texas.
You are a family practitioner. A woman with dark brown skin who lives in Michigan of the following patients you see is most likely to need Vitamin D supplements.
What is Vitamin D?
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is added to some foods, found naturally in a few, and sold as a dietary supplement. When ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunshine strike the skin and start the synthesis of vitamin D, it is also created endogenously.The body needs to go through two hydroxylations in order to activate vitamin D that is consumed through diet, supplements, and sun exposure. During the first hydroxylation, which takes place in the liver, vitamin D is changed into 25-hydroxyvitamin D, sometimes referred to as "calcidiol." The second hydroxylation, commonly known as "calcitriol," is predominantly carried out in the kidney and results in the physiologically active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
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ants march single le in a never ending row. each ant is carrying either leaves or food. three out of four ants carrying leaves are followed by an ant carrying food. two out of ve ants carrying food are followed by an ant carrying leaves. what percentage of ants carry food?
Answer:
2by 5, is 0.4
0.4 by 100=40%
The image below represents an organism that a student observed while examining a sample of pond water with a light microscope. The student identified this organism as a prokaryote. Is the student's identification of the organism accurate, why or why not?
*
Captionless Image
The student identified this organism as a prokaryote the Trichodina has a nucleus.
You can find simple life forms like bacteria big oxygen producers like algae extraterrestrial protozoa of all kinds, and cute microscopic animals like petrels. A light microscope can magnify water droplets in a pond 100 times. It shows an active community of protozoa.
Nostoc and Anabaena are some of the most common bacteria found in pond water. As cyanobacteria, they are also responsible for the greenish color of pond water. Using an optical microscope we can observe living organisms and their movements. For example, you can observe microbes living in pond water droplets. Another type of microscope is the electron microscope.
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What is the main function of the endoplasmic, reticulum, nucleus, Golgi body, and ribosomes?
Answer: Nucleus holds DNA which has the instructions for making protein, ribosomes make the protein with those instructions, Rough Endoplasmic reticulum modifies those proteins( that's why it has ribosomes attached) the Golgi exports those proteins to where they are needed. All needed for the protein production and usage process.
2.why does an individual with antibodies for a species of streptococcus bacteria not automatically have immunity to all bacterial infections?
Numerous proteins found in the Helicobacter pylori secretum interfere with innate immune reactions.
These substances can attach to and obstruct Fc recognition by skilled phagocytes, or they can target monoclonal antibodies and/or complementary components for destruction in order to evade the action of the complement.
The scientists discovered that Group A Schizophrenia (GAS) produces the S peptide, a previously unidentified protein that clings to the membrane of red blood cells to prevent being ingested and eliminated by phagocytic lymphocytes. Consequently, a person does not necessarily become immune to all bacterial infections just because they have antibodies for a kind of streptococcus bacteria.
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due to the structural requirements for dna polymerases and the mechanism of replication of chromosomal dna, dna polymerases cannot replicate __________.
The 3' ends of linear DNA strands cannot be replicated by DNA polymerase.
A family of enzymes known as DNA polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, which are DNA's molecular precursors.
The enzyme DNA polymerase aids in the synthesis of DNA molecules from the building blocks of DNA, deoxyribonucleotides. They are necessary for DNA replication and typically function together to form identical DNA strands.
The initiation of DNA strand synthesis necessitates the presence of a 3' OH group by DNA polymerases. As a result, it can only synthesize in one direction by extending the 3' end of the nucleotide chain that already exists. This implies that the DNA polymerase forms the daughter strand in a 5'-to-3' direction as it moves along the template strand.
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The myc gene is a commonly mutated site in cancers. The c-Myc protein decreases the expression of p21 and increases production of ribosomal RNA for protein production. These functions make myc a(n).
The c-Myc protein can decrease the expression of p21 and increase production of ribosomal RNA for protein production. These functions make myc an oncogene.
Ribosomal RNA is the one involved in the formation of ribosomes and thus helps in protein production. It is a non-coding RNA that means it has no information for the synthesis of protein. The synthesis of rRNA takes place in the nucleolus.
Oncogene is the gene that has the capability to become cancerous when mutated. These genes starts producing proteins that cause the rapid cell division and hence cause cancer. The type of mutation that occurs in these genes is called gain of function mutation.
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which has its cell body in a ganglion?
postganglionic nerve cell. Ganglions are groups of nerve fiber cell bodies that are found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Two major sections make up the peripheral nervous system: Controls uncontrollable body processes and manages glands is the job of the autonomic nerve system (ANS). The somatic nervous system (SNS) is responsible for regulating muscle action and transmitting sensory information to the brain from the skin, ears, and eyes. The majority of your senses are fed information by your PNS into your brain. You can move your muscles thanks to the signals it transmits. The brain uses signals from your PNS to command essential, automatic functions like breathing and pulse. The brain and spinal cord are components of the central nervous system (CNS), whereas all nerves that leave the brain and spinal cord and travel to other regions of the body, such as muscles and organs, are a part of the peripheral nervous system.
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How does hibernation help animals survive?
Responses
a.Hibernation increases the chances of meeting a mate.
b.Hibernation reduces the energy required for survival.
c.Hibernation protects the animal young from predators.
d.Hibernation makes access to food easier.
Answer:
I think the answer is B, hibernation reduces the energy required for survival
Explain what it means to say that
natural selection is not random
Answer:
natural selection is not random because animals will look for a mate with a certain trait for survival
Explanation:
ok so think of it as how people in the olden days thought fat people to be more attractive to skinny people that was their instincts telling them that a larger person has access to food well animals will try to find their way around a problem in the next generation by breeding with a mate that will produce an offspring with that certain trait
what effect might you expect in a eukaryotic organism in which an enzyme essential for adding the 5' cap to rna polymerase ii transcripts was nonfunctional?
The organism wouldn't be able to make mRNA transcripts that are stable.
How is mRNA added with 5 cap?The guanyl transferase enzyme adds the cap. The reaction between a guanine triphosphate (GTP) molecule and the 5' end of the RNA transcript is catalysed by this enzyme. The interaction between the GTP molecule and the 5' end of the RNA transcript is easily shown in the above image. The cap, which is a modified guanine (G) nucleotide, guards the transcript against degradation. Additionally, it aids in ribosome attachment and mRNA reading, which is necessary for protein synthesis.
Prior to moving from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and beginning the process of translating into a protein, eukaryotic mRNAs must go through a number of processing stages. Eukaryotic mRNA maturation involves extra stages that result in a molecule that is far more stable than a prokaryotic mRNA.
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Which type of organism gets energy from breaking down nutrients and uses co2 as a carbon source?
Chemo-heterotrophs gets energy from breaking down nutrients and uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
Chemoheterotrophs: microbes that use organic chemical substances as sources of energy and organic compounds as the main source of carbon. an organism that gets its energy from consuming intermediates or building components that it can't make on its own.
Organisms classified as heterotrophs obtain their energy by the regulated oxidation of preexisting organic molecules, or food. Humans are heterotrophs, just like the majority of other animals, fungi, protists, and bacteria. In their environments, autotrophic organisms frequently serve as the primary producers.
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With the exception of flagellated spores for members of the chytridiomycota, fungi are mostly nonmotile. What adaptive feature allows them to be such successful decomposers, pathogens, and symbionts?.
The production of a large number of spores that are easily dispersed allows fungi to be successful decomposers, pathogens, and symbionts.
Fungal spores are spread by other species in addition to the wind and water. In the case of earthworms, fungi are spread by blending the soil layers. Additionally, fungus spores may stick to an insect's surface through hydrophobic interactions.
What are the features of fungi?
Following are a few features of fungi:
Eukaryotic, non-vascular, immobile, heterotrophic creatures are fungi.They could be filamentous or unicellular.They spread spores to reproduce.The phenomena of generational alternation are seen in fungi.Since fungi lack chlorophyll, they cannot engage in photosynthesis.To know more about the kingdom fungi, click on https://brainly.com/question/10878050
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A population of dark-colored beetles and light-colored beetles live in an ecosystem. Due to a change in the climate, the bark of the trees on which the beetles live becomes darker. The light-colored beetles become easy prey for birds. Which statement best predicts and describes the beetle population after several generations?
A.
There will be more dark-colored beetles because they will be better able to survive and reproduce than the light-colored beetles.
B.
There will be more light-colored beetles because they will be able to reproduce more quickly than the dark-colored beetles.
C.
There will be more dark-colored beetles because they will need fewer resources than the light-colored beetles.
D.
There will be more light-colored beetles because they will not have as much competition as the dark-colored beetles.
Answer: A
Explanation:
by laws of natural selection, the lighter beetles won't be able to survive as well as darker beetles because they are easier to spot, since they are a notably different color than the bark and can't camouflage as efficiently as the darker colored beetles. since there will be less light beetles, as most of them will be eaten, dark colored beetles will thrive better because of their more effective camouflage and therefore will reproduce more effectively
Seven processes of the carbon cycle. Please need asap
photosynthesis - atmospheric carbon dioxide --> organisms. cell respiration - organisms --> atmospheric carbon dioxide. fossilization - carbon-containing molecules --> fossil fuels. combustion - carbon-containing organisms & fossil fuels --> atmospheric carbon dioxide.
of cephalochordates, urochordates, and vertebrates, which two are most closely related to each other than they are to the third, according to the most recent studies?
Urochordates and vertebrates are more closely related to each other than they are to the third, according to the most recent studies.
What is Urochordate?
The closest cousins of vertebrates are tunicates or urocordates. They are latitude-neutral marine organisms that feed through filters and can live either a planktonic or benthic lifestyle. With a few rare exceptions, they are hermaphroditic creatures that undergo indirect development. Tadpole-like swimming larvae are present in almost all tunicate species. In the class Ascidiacea, colonialism is common and a larval stage followed by metamorphosis is the norm.
An invertebrate with dorsal nerve cords and notochords called a Urochordata lives in the marine sea. They belong to the tunicate subphylum.
All animal taxa belonging to the subphylum Vertebrata, including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, are referred to as vertebrates. With around 69,963 species now known, the phylum Chordata is dominated by vertebrates.
Hence the correct answer is Urochordates and vertebrates.
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from which part of the nervous system do cells that innervate neuromuscular junctions originate?
From Central nervous system (CNS) do cells that innervate neuromuscular junctions originate.
The brain and spinal cord are the two components of the central nervous system: The brain is in charge of how we learn, think, move, and feel. The spinal cord relays information back and forth between the brain and the body's network of nerves. The processing hub of the body is the central nervous system. Most bodily processes, including as awareness, movement, thought, speech, and the five senses of sight, hearing, sensation, taste, and smell, are under the control of the brain. The brain, spinal cord, and cerebellum make up the central nervous system (CNS).
The body's organs, muscles, and senses communicate with the central nervous system (CNS) via the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which is made up of nerves. Two main components make up the nervous system: the brain and spinal cord
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are toxic proteins secrted by pathogenic bacteria
Exotoxins are toxic proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria.
A bacterial poison called an exotoxin is produced. Through cell death or alteration of regular cellular metabolism, an exotoxin can harm the host. Because of their great strength, the host could suffer serious harm. Similar to endotoxins, exotoxins can be secreted or, like endotoxins, can be released upon cell lysis. Gram negative pathogens may secrete outer membrane vesicles with intra-vesicular contents of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, some virulence proteins, and other toxins. This adds a previously unrealized layer to the well-known eukaryote process of membrane vesicle trafficking, which is quite active at the host-pathogen interface.
Locally or systemically, they may have an impact. Several exotoxins are well-known, such as the botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum and the Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin generated by.
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all systems in the body are affected by bed rest or immobility. for the immune system, research has demonstrated that interleukin (il)-1, il-6, and tumor necrosis factor–alpha are increased during immobility or bed rest. what are these mediators associated with?
Findings suggest that IL-1 and TNF-alpha play an essential role in the acute stage of brain abscess development by regulating the subsequent anti-bacterial inflammatory response and they are increased during
What exactly are TNF and IL-6?
TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 are two cytokines that are important in the regulation of B-cell function (IL-6). They play different roles in B-cell differentiation and can be produced by B cells themselves when stimulated appropriately.
TNF and IL-1 are cytokines that are required for activating the innate immune response, mediating the recruitment, activation, and adherence of circulating phagocytic cells (macrophages and neutrophils), and terminating the innate immune response, respectively.
Therefore, IL-6 can promote the differentiation or proliferation of various non-immune cells.
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PLEASE HELP I NEED AN ANSWER NOW!!!!
Imagine that you are an astronaut who is on the Moon for a lunar eclipse (completely in the umbra). What will you see when looking back at Earth? Why? Will you be able to see Earth? How will it look? Will you be able to see the Sun? How will it look?
Answer: During the lead-up to a solar eclipse from the Moon, a viewer on the Moon would see the Sun approach the dark disk of Earth, with the planet's nightside facing the Moon. Earth's atmosphere would be lit from behind, creating a reddish ring around the planet that would glow brighter as the eclipse proceeded.
Explanation:
What is a possible consequence of a mutation affecting a nucleotide in a coding sequence of an mrna molecule?.
A possible consequence of a mutation affecting a nucleotide in a coding sequence of an mRNA molecule is an incorrect amino acid is added to the growing chain, resulting in a defective protein that potentially does not function properly (Option A).
What is the role of genetic material in protein synthesis?The role of genetic material in protein synthesis is to store information that is first used to encode an mRNA sequence whose triplets of nucleotides or codons indicate the specific order of amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the genetic material i.e., DNA is fundamental during protein synthesis because any change in the linear order of nucleotides due to mutations may alter the consequent pattern obtained from this sequence.
Complete question:
What is a possible consequence of a mutation affecting a nucleotide in a coding sequence of an mRNA molecule?
An incorrect amino acid is added to the growing chain, resulting in a defective protein that potentially does not function properly.
Protein synthesis comes to a full stop.
The mutated nucleotide is skipped, shifting and regrouping the remaining codons to create a different protein.
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the body of a murder victim was found along a riverbank in a stand of pure pine trees where no grass or clover grows. on the victim's clothes there were numerous traces of grass and clover pollen as well as pine pollen. which is the best conclusion?
The best conclusion is most likely, a separate crime scene is located along the riverbank in the pine forests region.
Since the body was found along the riverbank where there is no grass or clover grows and the fact that the body was covered with grass and clover pollen indicates that the riverbank isn't the real crime scene.
What is a pollen grain?
A pollen grain is a small structure that contains an androecium, which is a flower's male reproductive system. Cytoplasm can be found inside the pollen grain together with the tube cell, which transforms into a pollen tube, and the generative cell, which releases the sperm nuclei.
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hello! do you mind helping me for a second? : )
1. Which phase of mitosis would you think that Taxol would affect the most?
2. Why do you think it affects that phase the most?
3.What are some possible problems that a person taking Taxol might have?
4. What would be happening to the normal cells trying to perform mitosis if a person is taking Taxol? (Hint: Remember that normal cells undergo mitosis too!)
It was discovered that the taxol concentration that reduced interphase cell dynamics also inhibited cell proliferation and stopped mitosis by blocking the transition from metaphase to anaphase.
What taxol effect on mitosis process?Because Taxol interferes with the creation of the normal mitotic spindle and stops cell growth in the M phase of the cell cycle, it prevents the replication of cells.
Taxol is an anti-mitotic drug that binds to microtubules and stabilizes them against depolymerization.
Therefore, transition to metaphase and anaphase is most affected by Taxol
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This diagram shows different solutions of starch in a U-shaped container separated by a selectively permeable membrane. The water molecules are able to pass through the membrane, while the starch molecules are too large to pass through the membrane. image Which would most likely occur? A. Water would diffuse from the right side to the left side, because there is a higher concentration of starch on the left. B. Water would diffuse from the right side to the left side, because there is a higher concentration of starch on the right. C. Water would diffus
Osmosis is the passive transport of water molecules from one side to the other of a semipermeable membrane. Water moves from the most diluted side to the more concentrated side. When both sides are equally concentrated, there is an equilibrium, and water keeps moving equally in both directions.
Since I could not find the image and the options, I will propose three scenarios to answer this question. Then, you can choose the correct one according to your image. But first, let us review the osmosis concept.
What is Osmosis?Osmosis is the simple passive transport of water molecules that occurs when two dilutions of different concentrations -in this example, solutions of starch in a U-shaped container- are separated by a semipermeable membrane.
The membrane allows the passing of water but not solute (starch). Hence, water can move from the most diluted side (less concentrated) to the less diluted one (more concentrated).
Water motion searches for equilibrium. Once the concentrations at each membrane side are equilibrated (the same), water keeps moving from one side to the other but keeps this equilibrium between both solutions.
Now let us analyze different scenarios
Scenario 1 ⇒ The right side is more concentrated than the left side.
We can see more starch molecules on the right and more water molecules on the left.The left side is more diluted than the right side.The right side is more concentrated than the left side.Water moves from the left to the right, because there is a higher concentration of starch on the right.In this situation, the correct option is "water would diffuse from the left side to the right side, because there is a higher concentration of starch on the right".
Scenario 2 ⇒ The left side is more concentrated than the right side.
We can see more starch molecules on the left and more water molecules on the right.The right side is more diluted than the left side.The left side is more concentrated than the right side.Water moves from the right to the left, because there is a higher concentration of starch on the left.In this situation, the correct option is "water would diffuse from the right side to the left side, because there is a higher concentration of starch on the left".
Scenario 3 ⇒ The left side is as concentrated as the right side.
We can see the same amount of starch and water molecules on both sides of the membrane. Water constantly moves from the right to the left, and from the left to the right.Concentrations are equilibrated on both sides of the membrane, and water keeps moving.In this situation, the correct option is "water would diffuse from one side to the other of the membrane in equal amounts".
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Which of the following is the most important function of the skin? separating the body from its environment
B.
storing fat for energy use
C.
sweating to keep body temperature warm
D.
absorbing sunlight for energy
The most important function of the skin is separating the body from its environment and it is denoted as option A.
What is Skin?This is referred to as an organ which is responsible for the protection of individuals from foreign bodies and external agent due to its structure and and constituents.
The skin has three main layers which ensures that the body system is well protected and covered and is the largest organ of the body. The skin also helps to regulate the body temperature but it isn't its main function which was therefore the reason why option A was chosen.
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