The formula to calculate the normal time is: Normal Time = Observed Time × Performance Rating. The given performance rating is 1.20 and the observed time is 3.50 minutes. Normal Time = Observed Time × Performance Rating= 3.50 × 1.20= 4.20 minutes. Therefore, the normal time is 4.20 minutes.
Time Study: It is a work measurement technique for recording the time taken for performing a certain activity or job by a worker of a particular skill level under a specific working environment.
Performance Rating: It is a measure of a worker's efficiency, taking into account the worker's pace of work, fatigue, delay, and personal distractions.
Normal Time: It is the time required by an experienced worker to perform a given task as per the standard operating procedure.
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assume that a bank's bid rate on Swiss francs is $0.41 and it's ask
rate is $0.47. it's bid/ask percentage spread is:
a) about 8.47%
b) about 4.26%
c) about 12.76%
d) about 6.44%
If a bank's bid rate on Swiss francs is $0.41 and it's ask rate is $0.47. it's bid/ask percentage spread is 12.76, Option (C) is correct.
The bid-ask spread is a metric that measures the difference between the bid price and the ask price for a financial asset. When buying or selling a currency, the bid price is the highest amount that a buyer is willing to pay for the currency, while the ask price is the lowest price that a seller is willing to accept.
The bid-ask spread is the difference between these two prices. Given that a bank's bid rate on Swiss francs is $0.41 and its ask rate is $0.47, we can calculate its bid/ask percentage spread as follows:
Bid/Ask Percentage Spread = [(Ask Price - Bid Price) / Ask Price] x 100%
Substituting the given values, we get: Bid/Ask Percentage Spread = [(0.47 - 0.41) / 0.47] x 100%
Simplifying this expression, we get: Bid/Ask Percentage Spread = (0.06 / 0.47) x 100% ≈ 12.76%
Hence, the bid/ask percentage spread is about 12.76%.
Therefore, the correct option is c) about 12.76%.
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Returns in financial modelling [ 20 points] - The following table gives annual, end of year prices of a polar bear and of the consumer price index (CPI) in Antarctica. - Calculate the simple returns. - Calculate the continuously compounded returns. - Calculate the prices of the polar bear each year in 2017 terms. - Calculate the real returns.
The calculations for the given financial modeling question are as follows:
1. Calculate the simple returns.2. Calculate the continuously compounded returns.3. Calculate the prices of the polar bear each year in 2017 terms.4. Calculate the real returns.
How do we calculate simple returns?Simple returns can be calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Simple Return} = \frac{{\text{Current Price} - \text{Previous Price}}}{{\text{Previous Price}}} \times 100 \]
To calculate the simple returns, we subtract the previous year's price from the current year's price, divide the result by the previous year's price, and multiply by 100 to express the returns as a percentage.
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Which of these loan rates is MOST favorable? O 11% continuously compounded O 11.5% compounded quarterly O 12% compounded annually O 11.5% compounded monthly
The loan rate that is MOST favorable is 12% compounded annually.
To determine which of these loan rates is MOST favorable, we can compute the effective annual interest rate (EAR) for each option and choose the one with the lowest EAR. The EAR takes into account how frequently interest is compounded within a year. Let's calculate the EAR for each option: Option A: 11% continuously compounded EAR = e^(0.11) - 1EAR ≈ 11.62%Option B: 11.5% compounded quarterly EAR = (1 + r/n)^n - 1, where r is the annual interest rate and n is the number of compounding periods per year. EAR = (1 + 0.115/4)^4 - 1EAR ≈ 11.84%Option C: 12% compounded annually EAR = (1 + r/n)^n - 1EAR = (1 + 0.12/1)^1 - 1EAR = 12%Option D: 11.5% compounded monthly EAR = (1 + r/n)^n - 1EAR = (1 + 0.115/12)^12 - 1EAR ≈ 11.91%Out of these options, the one with the lowest EAR is Option C: 12% compounded annually.
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Lenning Corporation uses the FIFO method in its process costing. The following data pertain to its Assembly Department for August. Percent Complete Units Materials Conversion
Work in process, August 1 350 40 % 30 % Units started into production during August 8,300 Units completed during August and transferred to the next department 7,300 Work in process, August 31 1,350 60 % 20 % Required: Compute the equivalent units of production for both materials and conversion costs for the Assembly Department for August using the FIFO method.
the equivalent units of production for materials is 8,110 units and for conversion costs is 7,570 units for the Assembly Department in August using the FIFO method.
ToTo compute the equivalent units of production for materials and conversion costs using the FIFO method, we need to consider the work in process at the beginning of the period, units started and completed during the period, and the work in process at the end of the period.
1. Equivalent units of production for materials:
Work in process, August 1: 350 units * 40% = 140 equivalent units
Units started during August: 8,300 units
Total units to account for: 8,300 units + 140 equivalent units = 8,440 units
Units completed and transferred: 7,300 units
Work in process, August 31: 1,350 units * 60% = 810 equivalent units
Equivalent units of production for materials: 7,300 units + 810 equivalent units = 8,110 units
2. Equivalent units of production for conversion costs:
Work in process, August 1: 350 units * 30% = 105 equivalent units
Units started during August: 8,300 units
Total units to account for: 8,440 units + 105 equivalent units = 8,545 units
Units completed and transferred: 7,300 units
Work in process, August 31: 1,350 units * 20% = 270 equivalent units
Equivalent units of production for conversion costs: 7,300 units + 270 equivalent units = 7,570 units
Therefore, the equivalent units of production for materials is 8,110 units and for conversion costs is 7,570 units for the Assembly Department in August using the FIFO method.
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the equivalent units of production for materials is 8,110 units and for conversion costs is 7,570 units for the Assembly Department in August using the FIFO method.
ToTo compute the equivalent units of production for materials and conversion costs using the FIFO method, we need to consider the work in process at the beginning of the period, units started and completed during the period, and the work in process at the end of the period.
1. Equivalent units of production for materials:
Work in process, August 1: 350 units * 40% = 140 equivalent units
Units started during August: 8,300 units
Total units to account for: 8,300 units + 140 equivalent units = 8,440 units
Units completed and transferred: 7,300 units
Work in process, August 31: 1,350 units * 60% = 810 equivalent units
Equivalent units of production for materials: 7,300 units + 810 equivalent units = 8,110 units
2. Equivalent units of production for conversion costs:
Work in process, August 1: 350 units * 30% = 105 equivalent units
Units started during August: 8,300 units
Total units to account for: 8,440 units + 105 equivalent units = 8,545 units
Units completed and transferred: 7,300 units
Work in process, August 31: 1,350 units * 20% = 270 equivalent units
Equivalent units of production for conversion costs: 7,300 units + 270 equivalent units = 7,570 units
Therefore, the equivalent units of production for materials is 8,110 units and for conversion costs is 7,570 units for the Assembly Department in August using the FIFO method.
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Billing a customer for goods shipped is accomplished as part of the
A. controlling module
B. Sales and distribution module
C. MRP module
D. Financial accounting module
Billing a customer for goods shipped is accomplished as part of the Sales and distribution module.
This module is responsible for managing the entire sales process, from order management to delivery and invoicing. It handles the tasks related to customer orders, including order entry, order confirmation, picking and packing, and finally, billing the customer for the shipped goods.
Within the Sales and distribution module, the billing process involves generating an invoice based on the goods shipped. This includes capturing the relevant information such as quantity, pricing, discounts, and any applicable taxes. The module also takes into account the customer's payment terms and credit limits to ensure accurate billing.
By using the Sales and distribution module for billing, companies can streamline their invoicing process, improve accuracy, and maintain better control over sales transactions. It allows for efficient tracking of orders, timely invoicing, and integration with other modules such as financial accounting for proper recording of revenue and accounts receivable.
Overall, the Sales and distribution module plays a vital role in the billing process, ensuring that customers are billed accurately and in a timely manner for the goods they have received.
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Billing a customer for goods shipped is accomplished as part of the B. Sales and distribution module.
In the Sales and distribution module of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, the process of billing a customer for goods shipped is a crucial step. This module handles the entire sales cycle, from receiving the order to delivering the products and generating the invoice.
Here's a step-by-step explanation of how the Sales and distribution module enables billing:
1. Order processing: When a customer places an order, the Sales and distribution module captures the details, such as the products, quantities, and delivery address.
2. Goods delivery: After picking and packing the items, the module records the actual shipment of goods to the customer.
3. Shipment documentation: The module generates shipping documents, such as packing slips and delivery notes, which provide proof of delivery.
4. Invoicing: Using the information from the order and the shipment, the Sales and distribution module creates the invoice for the customer. The invoice includes the details of the goods shipped, prices, discounts, and any applicable taxes.
5. Accounts receivable update: The module updates the financial records, reflecting the sale and the customer's outstanding balance.
By integrating the Sales and distribution module with other modules like Financial accounting, the ERP system ensures accurate and efficient billing processes, reducing errors and improving overall business operations.
To summarize, billing a customer for goods shipped is accomplished as part of the Sales and distribution module in an ERP system.
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Explain how versioning works. How is this different from
dynamic pricing?
Versioning refers to the strategy of producing and selling the same product with some minor changes in its features to different groups of consumers at different prices. Dynamic pricing, on the other hand, refers to the practice of adjusting the price of the same product based on various factors like supply and demand, competition, and customer behavior to maximize profits.
Versioning works by creating different versions of the same product with different features and functionalities and offering them at different prices to different groups of consumers. The different versions created through versioning usually differ in functionality, design, quality, and other minor features that appeal to different customer segments.The objective of versioning is to charge customers according to their willingness to pay. By creating different versions of the same product and pricing them differently, companies can extract more value from their customers.Versioning is different from dynamic pricing in that versioning focuses on creating and selling different versions of the same product, while dynamic pricing focuses on changing the price of the same product based on factors like supply and demand and customer behavior.Versioning involves selling different versions of the same product at different prices, whereas dynamic pricing involves changing the price of the same product based on external factors like competition and supply and demand.In summary, versioning is a pricing strategy that involves creating different versions of the same product with different features and functionalities and offering them at different prices to different customer segments.Dynamic pricing, on the other hand, involves changing the price of the same product based on external factors to maximize profits.
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How leadership and work experience would promote a diversity of
views, experiences, and ideas in the pursuit of research,
scholarship, and creative excellence？
Leadership and work experience promote diversity of views, experiences, and ideas in the pursuit of research, scholarship, and creative excellence by fostering inclusivity, encouraging collaboration, and valuing diverse perspectives.
Effective leadership plays a crucial role in promoting diversity within research, scholarship, and creative endeavors. Leaders who prioritize diversity create an inclusive environment where individuals from various backgrounds and experiences feel welcomed and valued. By establishing policies and practices that embrace diversity, leaders can attract a diverse pool of talent, which brings different perspectives, ideas, and approaches to problem-solving.
Work experience also contributes to promoting diversity. When individuals with diverse work backgrounds collaborate on research, scholarship, or creative projects, they bring their unique experiences, skills, and insights. This diversity of perspectives can lead to innovative thinking, improved decision-making, and a broader understanding of complex issues. Work experience in different fields or industries can bring fresh ideas and interdisciplinary approaches to academic or creative pursuits.
Promoting diversity in research, scholarship, and creative excellence is not only about representation but also about creating an inclusive culture that values and respects diverse viewpoints. It involves actively seeking out diverse perspectives, encouraging open dialogue, and embracing different ideas. By fostering an environment that promotes diversity, leadership and work experience contribute to a richer and more impactful pursuit of knowledge and creative endeavors.
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100 points Item 1 The following information is available for the preparation of the government-wide financial statements for the City of Southern Springs as of April 30, 2020: Cash and cash equivalents, governmental activities $ 410,000 Cash and cash equivalents, business-type activities 863,000 Receivables, governmental activities 486,000 Receivables, business-type activities 1,436,000 Inventories, business-type activities 562,000 Capital assets, net, governmental activities 14,590,000 Capital assets, net, business-type activities 7,673,000 Accounts payable, governmental activities 702,000 Accounts payable, business-type activities 604,000 General obligation bonds, governmental activities 8,428,000 Revenue bonds, business-type activities 3,468,000 Long-term liability for compensated absences, governmental activities 388,000 From the preceding information, prepare a Statement of Net Position for the City of Southern Springs as of April 30, 2020. Assume that outstanding bonds were issued to acquire capital assets and restricted assets total $598,000 for governmental activities and $205,000 for business-type activities. (Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign)
Net position is a financial statement that represents the residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting its liabilities. It is a financial measure used in government accounting to determine the overall financial position of a government or a specific segment of a government, such as governmental activities or business-type activities.
Statement of Net Position
City of Southern Springs
As of April 30, 2020
Governmental Activities:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $410,000
Receivables $486,000
Capital assets, net $14,590,000
Restricted assets $598,000
Total Assets $15,084,000
Liabilities:
Accounts payable $702,000
General obligation bonds $8,428,000
Long-term liability for compensated absences $388,000
Total Liabilities $9,518,000
Net Position:
Net Investment in Capital Assets $14,590,000
Restricted Net Position $598,000
Total Net Position $15,188,000
Business-Type Activities:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $863,000
Receivables $1,436,000
Inventories $562,000
Capital assets, net $7,673,000
Restricted assets $205,000
Total Assets $10,739,000
Liabilities:
Accounts payable $604,000
Revenue bonds $3,468,000
Total Liabilities $4,072,000
Net Position:
Net Investment in Capital Assets $7,673,000
Restricted Net Position $205,000
Total Net Position $7,878,000
Note: The Statement of Net Position presents the financial position of the City of Southern Springs by separating governmental activities and business-type activities. It provides information about assets, liabilities, and net position for each category, showing the total value of each. The net position represents the difference between assets and liabilities and is further categorized into net investment in capital assets and restricted net position.
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The world as we know it is at a halt. This fast-pacing planet and its success hungry people have been put on hold. With so much advancement in all sectors of science, we are still struggling to find an actual cure for this worldwide pandemic. People are stuck at home doing all the work that they would have to do in the outside world. Amidst all these negatives, a positive in this pandemic is the evolution of online platform. One of the stores that popped up in the crowd is Hot Pan, a groundbreaking cloud kitchen that sells pizza at doorstep until 4 am. Now answer the following,
f. How will you manage the wailing line? (1.5 Marks)
g. Figure out the required number of servers.
f. To manage the wailing line of Hot Pan, the following things can be done:1. The restaurant can send notifications to customers when their orders are ready.2. Hot Pan can offer online ordering services to reduce the time spent in queues.3. Hot Pan can provide self-order kiosks that can assist customers in placing orders and making payments quickly.
g. To figure out the required number of servers for Hot Pan, the following steps should be taken:Step 1: Determine the sales rate of pizzas per hour during peak hours. For example, if they sell 100 pizzas per hour during peak hours, this is the minimum number of servers they will need to have.Step 2: Determine the time it takes to make and deliver each pizza. For example, if it takes 10 minutes to make and deliver one pizza, then they will need at least 6 servers to handle 100 pizzas in an hour.Step 3: Adjust the number of servers based on the number of orders received during peak hours. If there is an increase in demand, more servers will be required to handle the orders efficiently.
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Looking at the difference between operational and strategic activities within a firm. Which of the following jobs would be involved predominately in operational activities at Boeing?
a. Group of answer choices
b. mechanical engineer
c. aeronautical engineer
d. payroll manager
e. project manager
The correct option is d. The payroll manager job would be involved predominantly in operational activities at Boeing.
Boeing is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, telecommunications equipment, and missiles. It has a wide range of jobs that require different skills, knowledge, and levels of involvement in operational and strategic activities. Operational activities are concerned with the day-to-day functions of a firm and its employees. They include tasks such as production, sales, logistics, and administration. Strategic activities, on the other hand, are related to the long-term goals and plans of a firm, such as product development, marketing, and financial management.
Operational jobs at Boeing would involve tasks such as assembling and testing aircraft parts, managing production schedules, coordinating supply chain activities, and processing payroll and benefits for employees. Among the given options, the payroll manager job would be involved predominantly in operational activities at Boeing, as it is focused on the administrative tasks related to managing the company's payroll system and ensuring compliance with relevant laws and regulations.
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The following is part of a company's list of account balances:
$
- Sales 96,450
- Sales return 5,600
- Purchases 57,230
- Purchase return 3,200
- Freight inwards 9,340
- Accrued interest expense 4,000
- Payables 31,400
- Receivables 40,900
- Unearned revenue 7,640
- Commission receivable 14,700
- Drawings 12,330
- Capital 60,000
What is the total of the credit balances in the above list?
a) $199,490
b) $195,050
c) $202,690
d) $208,290
Credit balances are typically associated with liabilities, equity, and revenue accounts. The correct answer is none of the above option it is $78,870
To determine the total of the credit balances in the given list, we need to identify the account balances that have a credit balance (represented by positive values) and calculate their sum.
From the given list, the accounts with credit balances are:
Sales return: $5,600 (credit balance)
Purchase return: $3,200 (credit balance)
Accrued interest expense: $4,000 (credit balance)
Payables: $31,400 (credit balance)
Unearned revenue: $7,640 (credit balance)
Commission receivable: $14,700 (credit balance)
Drawing: $12,330 (credit balance)
To find the total credit balance, we sum up these amounts:
(-$5,600) + (-$3,200) + (-$4,000) + (-$31,400) + (-$7,640) + (-$14,700) + (-$12,330)
= -$78,870
The total of the credit balances in the list is -$78,870.Since the options provided do not have negative signs, we can convert the negative value to a positive value by removing the negative sign:$78,870. Therefore, the correct option would be none of these.
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General Mills has a $1,000 par value, 19-year to maturity bond outstanding with an annual coupon rate of 8.66 percent per year, paid semiannually. Market interest rates on similar bonds are 10.37 percent. Calculate the bond’s price today.Round the answer to two decimal places.
The price of the bond, we need to use the present value formula. The present value of a bond is the sum of the present value of its future cash flows, which includes the coupon payments and the par value.
Calculate the periodic coupon payment: The annual coupon rate is 8.66 percent, and since it is paid semiannually, we divide it by 2 to get the semiannual coupon rate. Therefore, the periodic coupon payment is $1,000 par value multiplied by 8.66 percent divided by 2, which equals $43.30.
The present value of an ordinary annuity formula is:
PV =[tex]C * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r[/tex]
Where:
PV = Present value
C = Coupon payment
r = Discount rate
n = Number of coupon payments remaining
Using this formula, we can calculate the present value of the coupon payments:
PV_coupon =[tex]$43.30 * (1 - (1 + 10.37% / 2)^(-38)) / (10.37% / 2)[/tex]
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Assume that South Africa has a Production Possibility Frontier
given by: 300=3F+2C
where F represents units of Food produced by South Africa, and C
represents units of Clothing produced by South
The production possibility frontier equation for South Africa, 300 = 3F + 2C, represents the trade-off between producing food (F) and clothing (C) given the country's resources and technology.
The production possibility frontier (PPF) is a graphical representation of the maximum output combinations of two goods that an economy can produce using its available resources and technology. In this case, the PPF equation for South Africa is given as 300 = 3F + 2C, where F represents units of food produced and C represents units of clothing produced.
The equation implies that South Africa can produce a maximum of 300 units of output, which must be allocated between food and clothing. The coefficient 3F represents the amount of food produced per unit of output, while 2C represents the amount of clothing produced per unit of output.
The PPF equation highlights the trade-off between food and clothing production. For South Africa to produce more food, it must sacrifice the production of clothing, and vice versa. The slope of the PPF represents the opportunity cost of producing one more unit of food in terms of the units of clothing forgone. By analyzing different points along the PPF, South Africa can make efficient production decisions to maximize its output of food and clothing given its available resources and technology.
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Thinking about coca cola, my selected company, discuss
questions, concerns, or any enthusiasm you may have regarding one
of these areas that are changing due to technological advances.
One area that is changing due to technological advances and could potentially impact Coca Cola is the rise of e-commerce and digital marketing. With more consumers shopping online than ever before, it's important for companies to have a strong online presence and make it easy for consumers to purchase their products through various digital channels.
While Coca Cola has been expanding its digital capabilities in recent years, such as through partnerships with online retailers like Amazon, there are still questions about how the company will continue to adapt and compete in this rapidly-changing landscape. For example, as more consumers shift towards health-conscious beverage options, Coca Cola may need to invest in innovative digital marketing campaigns to effectively promote its healthier product lines and appeal to younger, tech-savvy consumers.
At the same time, Coca Cola also needs to consider how advancements in technology may impact their supply chain management and manufacturing processes. As the world becomes more connected through the Internet of Things (IoT), there is potential for greater visibility and optimization across the entire value chain, from procuring raw materials to delivering finished products to customers.
Overall, while technological advancements present both challenges and opportunities for Coca Cola, it will be important for the company to stay ahead of the curve and leverage technology to its advantage in order to remain competitive in the long run.
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Transcribed image text: ARASCO sells an item whose demands over the next 5 months are 140, 90, 100, 70, and 120 units, respectively. The company can stock just enough supply to meet each month's demand, or it can overstock to meet the demand for the current month and the next two months since the item cannot be stored more than two month because it expires. In the latter case, a holding cost of (your list number * 0.1) SR is charged per overstocked unit per month. ARASCO estimates that the unit purchase prices for the next 5 months to be 13, 15, 8, 7, and 12 SR respectively. An order cost of 100 SR is incurred each time a purchase order is placed. The company wants to develop a purchasing plan that will minimize the total costs of ordering, purchasing, and holding the item in stock. Formulate the problem as a network model to reach the company objective.
ARASCO can determine the optimal purchasing plan that minimizes the total costs associated with ordering, purchasing, and holding the item in stock.
To formulate the problem as a network model, we can represent it as a minimum cost flow problem. Let's define the variables and parameters:
Variables:
X(i, j): Flow variable representing the quantity of units purchased in month i and used in month j (i.e., the flow from month i to month j).
Y(i): Binary variable indicating whether overstocking occurs in month i (1 if overstocking occurs, 0 otherwise).
Parameters:
D(i): Demand for the item in month i.
C(i): Unit purchase price in month i.
H: Holding cost per overstocked unit per month.
K: Maximum number of months the item can be stored (in this case, 2).
M: A large positive constant.
Objective:
Minimize the total cost of ordering, purchasing, and holding the item in stock:
Minimize: Σ(i,j) [100 * X(i, j) + C(i) * X(i, j) + H * (X(i, j) - D(j))⁺] (1)
Subject to:
Flow conservation constraint:
Σ(i) X(i, j) = D(j) for all j (2)
This constraint ensures that the demand in each month is met.
Maximum storage constraint:
Σ(j) X(i, j) ≤ K * Y(i) for all i (3)
This constraint ensures that the overstocked units in month i can be stored for a maximum of K months.
Non-negativity constraints:
X(i, j) ≥ 0 for all i, j (4)
Binary variable constraints:
Y(i) ∈ {0, 1} for all i (5)
Upper bound constraints:
X(i, j) ≤ M * Y(i) for all i, j (6)
This constraint ensures that if overstocking occurs in month i, the flow X(i, j) is restricted to a large value M.
The objective function (1) minimizes the sum of ordering costs, purchasing costs, and holding costs for overstocked units. Constraints (2) and (3) enforce flow conservation and maximum storage, respectively. Constraints (4) and (5) specify the variable domains, while constraint (6) restricts the flow if overstocking occurs.
By solving this network model, ARASCO can determine the optimal purchasing plan that minimizes the total costs associated with ordering, purchasing, and holding the item in stock.
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Pate: hcopested hst a begiming balance in is Retained Earnings account of $386.350. During the year, the company declared and paid a $4,850
cvcerd ard, sttheend of me year freported Retalned Earnings of $40,360. The company's net income for the year was:
The company's net income for the year is $351,840.
To calculate the company's net income for the year, we need to consider the changes in the Retained Earnings account.
The beginning balance in the Retained Earnings account was $386,350.
The company declared and paid a dividend of $4,850.
The reported ending Retained Earnings was $40,360.
We can calculate the net income using the following formula:
Net Income = Beginning Retained Earnings + Dividends - Ending Retained Earnings
Substituting the given values:
Net Income = $386,350 + $4,850 - $40,360
Calculating:
Net Income = $351,840
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Consider a four-year project with the following information: initial fixed asset investment = $475,000; straight-line depreciation to zero over the four-year life: zero salvage value; price = $26; variable costs = $18; fixed costs = $195,000: quantity sold = 84,000 units; tax rate = 349. How sensitive is OCF to changes in quantity sold? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to 2 decimal places. Omit $ sign in your response.) (Do not forget to include + or - sign)
To determine the sensitivity of Operating Cash Flow (OCF) to changes in quantity sold, we need to calculate the contribution margin per unit and use it to calculate the change in OCF for different quantities sold. The contribution margin per unit is the difference between the price and variable costs per unit.
Given:
Initial fixed asset investment = $475,000
Straight-line depreciation to zero over four years
Zero salvage value
Price = $26
Variable costs = $18
Fixed costs = $195,000
Quantity sold = 84,000 units
Tax rate = 349
First, let's calculate the contribution margin per unit:
Contribution Margin per Unit = Price - Variable Costs
Contribution Margin per Unit = $26 - $18
Contribution Margin per Unit = $8
Next, we'll calculate the initial Operating Cash Flow (OCF):
OCF = (Price - Variable Costs) * Quantity Sold - Fixed Costs - Depreciation
OCF = ($8 * 84,000) - $195,000 - ($475,000 / 4)
OCF = $672,000 - $195,000 - $118,750
OCF = $358,250
To calculate the sensitivity of OCF to changes in quantity sold, we can calculate the change in OCF for a specific change in quantity sold. Let's consider a change in quantity sold of 1,000 units.
Change in OCF = (Contribution Margin per Unit * Change in Quantity Sold) - (Depreciation / Number of Years)
Change in OCF = ($8 * 1,000) - ($475,000 / 4)
Change in OCF = $8,000 - $118,750
Change in OCF = -$110,750
Therefore, the sensitivity of OCF to a change in quantity sold of 1,000 units is -$110,750. This means that for every 1,000 units decrease in quantity sold, the OCF will decrease by $110,750, and vice versa.
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Gary Stevens and Mary lames are production manazers in the Consumer Electronics Division of General Electronics Comparty, which has several dozen plants scattered in locations throughout the world. Mary manages the plant located in Des Moines, lowa, while Gary marages the plant in El Segundo. Califomia. Production managers are paid a salary and get an additional bonus equal to 5% of their base salary if the entire division meets or exceds its target profits for the year. The bonus is determined in March after the company's annual report has been prepared and issued ta stockholders. Shortly atter the beginning of the new year, Mary recelved a phone call from Gary that went like this: 1. Garyc How's it goine Mary? 2. Mary: Fine, Gary. How's it goins with you? 3. Gary: Great! l just got the preliminary profit figures for the division for last year and we are within $200,000 of making the year's target profits. Al we have to do is pull a few strings, and well be over the tog? 4. Mary: What do you mean? 5. Gary: Well, one thirig that would be easy to change is your estimate of the percentage completion of your ending work in process inventories. 6. Mary: I don't know if I can do that, Gary. Those percentage completion fgures are supplied by Tom Winthrop, my lead supervisor, who I have always trusted fo provide us with good estimates. Besides, f have already sent the percentage compietion figures to corporate headquarters. Page i81 7. Gary: You can always tell them there was a mistake. Think about it, Mary. All of us managers ate oolng as much as we can to pull this bonus out of the hat. Vou may not want the bonus check. but the rest of us sure could use it. The final processing department in Mary's production facility began the vear with no work in process inventory, During the year, 210.000 units were transferred in from the prior processing department and 200,000 units were cornpleted and sold. Costs transferred in from the prior departasent totaled $39,375,000. No materiats are added in the final processing department. A total of $20,807,500 of conversion cost was incurred in the final processing denartment suringt the year. 1. Tom Winthrop estimated that the units in ending work in process inventory in the final processing department were 30% complete with respect to the conversion costs of the finat processing department. If this estimate of the percentage completion is used, what would be the cost of goods sold for the year? 2. Does Gary Stevens want the estimated percentage completion to be increased or decteaxed? Explain why. 3. What persentage completion would result in increasing reported net operating income by $200,000 over the net operating income that would be reported if the 30 s figure were used? 4. Do you think Mary James should go along with the request to alter estimates of the percentage completion? Why or why not
We know that the desired additional cost is $200,000. Solving the equation will give us the desired percentage completion that would result in the increase in net operating income.
1. The cost of goods sold for the year can be calculated by multiplying the number of units completed and sold by the conversion cost per unit. In this case, 200,000 units were completed and sold. If the estimate of 30% completion is used, it means that 30% of the conversion cost is allocated to the ending work in process inventory. Therefore, the remaining 70% is considered as the cost of goods sold.
Cost of goods sold = 70% of (Costs transferred in + Conversion cost incurred)
Cost of goods sold = 0.7 * ($39,375,000 + $20,807,500)
2. Gary Stevens wants the estimated percentage completion to be increased. He suggests changing the estimate of the percentage completion of the ending work in process inventory to increase reported profits for the division. By doing so, they can manipulate the financial numbers and potentially meet or exceed the target profits, which would make them eligible for the bonus.
3. To increase reported net operating income by $200,000, we need to determine the additional cost allocated to the ending work in process inventory. Let's denote the desired percentage completion as "x". We can set up the following equation:
Additional cost = (x - 30%) * Conversion cost incurred
4. Mary James should not go along with the request to alter estimates of the percentage completion. Changing the estimate to manipulate the reported profits would be unethical and misleading. Mary mentions that she has always trusted Tom Winthrop to provide accurate estimates, and she has already sent the percentage completion figures to corporate headquarters. Altering the estimates would not only compromise the integrity of the financial reporting but could also have legal implications. Mary should prioritize honesty and integrity in reporting the actual estimates rather than succumbing to pressure to manipulate the numbers for personal gain.
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The Campbell Company is considering adding a robotic paint sprayer to its production line. The sprayer's base price is $920,000, and it would cost another $21,000 to install it. The machine folls into the MACRS 3-year dass, and it would be sold after 3 years for $590,000. The MACRS rates for the first three years are 0.3333,0.4445. and 0.1481. The machine would requirean increase in net working capitas (inventory) of $15,000. The sprayer would not change revenues, but it is expected to fave the fim $378,000 per vear in before-tax operating costs, mainly fabor, Campbelir marginal tax rate is 25%6. (Ignore the half-year convention for the straight-line method.) Casti outhows, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. a. What is the Year-0 net cash flow? 3 b. What ore the net operating cash flows in Years 1,2 , and 3 ? Year 1:5 Year 2:\$. Year 3:5 ci. What is the additionat Year-3 cash.flow (i.e, the after-tax salvage and the return of working capital)? 51 d. If the project's cost of capital is 13\%, what is the NPV of the project? 5 Should the machine be purchased?
Since the NPV is positive, the project is expected to generate a return greater than the cost of capital, and therefore it should be accepted.
a.Year-0 net cash flow = -Initial cost - Increase in net working capital = -$941,000 - $15,000 = -$956,000
b. Net operating cash flow = Before-tax operating cost savings + Depreciation + Salvage value + Return of working capital = $378,000 + $139,502 + $590,000 + $15,000 = $1,122,502
c. Additional Year-3 cash flow = After-tax salvage value + Return of working capital = $402,825 + $15,000 = $417,825
d. NPV = Sum of Present Values of all Cash Flows = -$956,000 + $610,795 + $608,558 + $790,711 = $53,064
a. The Year-0 net cash flow can be calculated as:
Initial cost = Base price + installation cost = $920,000 + $21,000 = $941,000
Increase in net working capital = $15,000
Year-0 net cash flow = -Initial cost - Increase in net working capital = -$941,000 - $15,000 = -$956,000
b. The net operating cash flows for Years 1, 2, and 3 can be calculated using the MACRS depreciation method:
Year 1:
Depreciation = Initial cost x MACRS rate for Year 1 = $941,000 x 0.3333 = $313,193
Before-tax operating cost savings = $378,000
Net operating cash flow = Before-tax operating cost savings + Depreciation = $378,000 + $313,193 = $691,193
Year 2:
Depreciation = Initial cost x MACRS rate for Year 2 = $941,000 x 0.4445 = $418,105
Before-tax operating cost savings = $378,000
Net operating cash flow = Before-tax operating cost savings + Depreciation = $378,000 + $418,105 = $796,105
Year 3:
Depreciation = Initial cost x MACRS rate for Year 3 = $941,000 x 0.1481 = $139,502
Before-tax operating cost savings = $378,000
Salvage value = $590,000
Return of working capital = $15,000
Net operating cash flow = Before-tax operating cost savings + Depreciation + Salvage value + Return of working capital = $378,000 + $139,502 + $590,000 + $15,000 = $1,122,502
c. The additional Year-3 cash flow can be calculated as:
After-tax salvage value = (Salvage value - Book value) x (1 - Tax rate)
Book value = Initial cost - Accumulated depreciation after Year 3
Accumulated depreciation after Year 3 = Depreciation for Year 1 + Depreciation for Year 2 + Depreciation for Year 3 = $313,193 + $418,105 + $139,502 = $870,800
Book value = $941,000 - $870,800 = $70,200
After-tax salvage value = ($590,000 - $70,200) x (1 - 0.25) = $402,825
Return of working capital = $15,000
Additional Year-3 cash flow = After-tax salvage value + Return of working capital = $402,825 + $15,000 = $417,825
d. To calculate the NPV of the project, we need to discount all the cash flows to present values using the project's cost of capital of 13%. The calculations are as follows:
Year-0: -$956,000 / (1 + 0.13)^0 = -$956,000
Year 1: $691,193 / (1 + 0.13)^1 = $610,795
Year 2: $796,105 / (1 + 0.13)^2 = $608,558
Year 3: $1,122,502 / (1 + 0.13)^3 + $417,825 / (1 + 0.13)^3 = $790,711
NPV = Sum of Present Values of all Cash Flows = -$956,000 + $610,795 + $608,558 + $790,711 = $53,064
Since the NPV is positive, the project is expected to generate a return greater than the cost of capital, and therefore it should be accepted.
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Lovely Lights produces three products in a repetitive process facility. Lighting fixture 'Amber' sells for $60; with its associated variable costs of $20. Lighting fixture 'Byod' sells for $200 while Lighting fixture 'Cranium' sells for $25. They each have a respective variable cost of $80 and $15. The firm has annual fixed costs of $320,000 Last year, the firm sold 1000 units of Amber, 2000 units of Byod, and 10,000 units of Cranium., a. With the aid of a diagram, calculate the break-even point of the firm. In their yearly analysis of the firm's operations, it was noted that there was some idle capacity at these volumes. A decision was taken to cut the price of Amber by 25%, believing that its sales volume will rise from 1000 units to 2500 units. b. What is the revised break-even point? Are there any changes in the diagram shown above?
The break-even point of Lovely Lights was initially calculated using the total fixed costs and weighted average contribution margin per unit for each product.
After reducing the price of Amber by 25% and expecting increased sales volume, the break-even point was recalculated. The revised break-even point shifted to a higher sales volume due to the changes in price and sales volume of Amber. This resulted in a change in the diagram, reflecting the new break-even point for the firm.
a. To calculate the break-even point of the firm, we need to determine the total fixed costs and the contribution margin per unit for each product. The contribution margin is calculated by subtracting the variable cost per unit from the selling price per unit.
For Amber:
Contribution margin per unit = $60 - $20 = $40
For Byod:
Contribution margin per unit = $200 - $80 = $120
For Cranium:
Contribution margin per unit = $25 - $15 = $10
The total fixed costs are $320,000.
To calculate the break-even point, we divide the total fixed costs by the weighted average contribution margin per unit, where the weight is the proportion of units sold for each product.
Break-even point = Total fixed costs / Weighted average contribution margin per unit
Break-even point = $320,000 / [(1000 * $40 + 2000 * $120 + 10,000 * $10) / (1000 + 2000 + 10,000)]
b. After reducing the price of Amber by 25% and expecting an increase in sales volume to 2500 units, we need to recalculate the break-even point.
For Amber (revised):
Selling price per unit = $60 - 25% of $60 = $45
Contribution margin per unit = $45 - $20 = $25
The revised break-even point can be calculated using the same formula as before.
Revised break-even point = Total fixed costs / Weighted average contribution margin per unit
Revised break-even point = $320,000 / [(2500 * $25 + 2000 * $120 + 10,000 * $10) / (2500 + 2000 + 10,000)]
There will be changes in the diagram shown above as the sales volume for Amber has increased and the contribution margin per unit has changed. The new break-even point will be at a higher sales volume compared to the original break-even point.
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Mr A started business and following are transactions: 1. Started business with cash 40,000 and building 30,000 2. Put further 150,000 into business in form of cash. 3. Bought stationary on cash 60,000 . 4. Purchased goods from Mr M15,000. 5. Purchased goods from Mr D 20,000. 6. Sold goods on credit to MrF30,000. 7. Sold goods on credit to MrB50,000. 8. Sold goods on cash Rs. 70,000 . 9. Cash received from Mr F 20,000 by cash. 10. Goods returned from Mr B 5,000. 11. Made additional investment by building 25,000 . 12. Goods returned by us to Mr C 1,000. 13. Rent paid by cash 10,000 . 14. Cash paid to Mr D 15,000. 15. Goods taken from personal use for business purpose 12,000. 16. Goods taken from business for personal use 250,000. 17. Bought car by cash for proprietor's personal use 60,000 . Required: a) Prepare double entries of above transactions b) Prepare T accounts and Trial Balance. P age | 1 Paper A
In order to prepare the double entries, T-accounts, and Trial Balance for the given transactions, the specific details of each transaction need to be analyzed and the appropriate accounts affected by each transaction identified.
a) Here are the double entries for the given transactions:
1. Started business with cash 40,000 and building 30,000:
Cash Account Dr. 40,000
Building Account Dr. 30,000
Capital Account Cr. 70,000
2. Put further 150,000 into the business in the form of cash:
Cash Account Dr. 150,000
Capital Account Cr. 150,000
3. Bought stationary on cash 60,000:
Stationary Account Dr. 60,000
Cash Account Cr. 60,000
4. Purchased goods from Mr M 15,000:
Purchases Account Dr. 15,000
Mr M Account Cr. 15,000
5. Purchased goods from Mr D 20,000:
Purchases Account Dr. 20,000
Mr D Account Cr. 20,000
6. Sold goods on credit to Mr F 30,000:
Mr F Account Dr. 30,000
Sales Account Cr. 30,000
7. Sold goods on credit to Mr B 50,000:
Mr B Account Dr. 50,000
Sales Account Cr. 50,000
8. Sold goods for cash 70,000:
Cash Account Dr. 70,000
Sales Account Cr. 70,000
9. Cash received from Mr F 20,000:
Cash Account Dr. 20,000
Mr F Account Cr. 20,000
10. Goods returned from Mr B 5,000:
Mr B Account Dr. 5,000
Purchase Returns Account Cr. 5,000
11. Made additional investment by building 25,000:
Building Account Dr. 25,000
Capital Account Cr. 25,000
12. Goods returned by us to Mr C 1,000:
Sales Returns Account Dr. 1,000
Mr C Account Cr. 1,000
13. Rent paid by cash 10,000:
Rent Expense Account Dr. 10,000
Cash Account Cr. 10,000
14. Cash paid to Mr D 15,000:
Mr D Account Dr. 15,000
Cash Account Cr. 15,000
15. Goods taken from personal use for business purpose 12,000:
Drawings Account Dr. 12,000
Purchases Account Cr. 12,000
16. Goods taken from business for personal use 250,000:
Drawings Account Cr. 250,000
Purchases Account Dr. 250,000
17. Bought a car by cash for the proprietor's personal use 60,000:
Drawings Account Cr. 60,000
Cash Account Dr. 60,000
b) To prepare T accounts and a trial balance, we need additional information about the ledger accounts and their balances. Without that information, it's not possible to create the T accounts and trial balance accurately.
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At May 1, 2020, Concord Company had beginning inventory consisting of 170 units with a unit cost of $9.00. During May, the company purchased inventory as follows: 730 units at $9.00 700 units at $7.40 The company sold 910 units during the month for $10 per unit. Concord uses the average cost method. The value of Concord's inventory at May 31, 2020 is $5802. O $10104. $4302. O $5727.
The correct option is O $5727.
The value of Concord's inventory at May 31, 2020, is $5,727. The solution to the given problem is explained below:The average cost method is used in this problem. This method calculates the average cost of all items in inventory. Here is the calculation for the problem:Goods available for sale at the average cost:730 units at $9.00 = $6,570700 units at $7.40 = $5,180Total cost of goods available for sale = $11,750Total units available for sale = 1,400Average cost = $11,750/1,400 = $8.39 per unitThe value of Concord's ending inventory at the average cost:170 units at $9.00 = $1,530760 units at $8.39 = $6,387Total value of inventory = $7,917The value of Concord's inventory at May 31, 2020, is $5,727 (rounded off to the nearest dollar).Hence, the correct option is O $5727.
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Calculating Rates of Return [LO 3 ] Assume that in 2020, a Lberty Seated half dollar issued in 1890 was sold for $189,000. What was the rate of return on this investment? Note: Do not round intermediate calculation's and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.
The rate of return on the investment in the Liberty Seated half dollar is 32,160%. This means that the value of the coin increased by 32,160 times over the course of 130 years.
The purchase price of the coin was $100 in 1890. The selling price of the coin in 2020 was $189,000.
The rate of return is calculated by dividing the increase in value by the original purchase price and then multiplying by 100%. The formula is:
rate of return = (selling price - purchase price) / purchase price * 100%
In this case, the rate of return is calculated as follows:
rate of return = (189,000 - 100) / 100 * 100% = 32,160%
This means that the value of the coin increased by 32,160 times over the course of 130 years. This is an incredible rate of return, and it is due to the fact that the coin is a rare and collectible item.
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The rate of return on the investment in the Liberty Seated half dollar is 32,160%. This means that the value of the coin increased by 32,160 times over the course of 130 years.
The purchase price of the coin was $100 in 1890. The selling price of the coin in 2020 was $189,000.
The rate of return is calculated by dividing the increase in value by the original purchase price and then multiplying by 100%. The formula is:
rate of return = (selling price - purchase price) / purchase price * 100%
In this case, the rate of return is calculated as follows:
rate of return = (189,000 - 100) / 100 * 100% = 32,160%
This means that the value of the coin increased by 32,160 times over the course of 130 years. This is an incredible rate of return, and it is due to the fact that the coin is a rare and collectible item.
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Consider the demand and supply equations for the amateur tennis league. Qs=−45+8 W (Supply) Qd=220−5 W (Demand). In this problem. Use these equations to find the equilibrium wage and equilibrium quantity of labor for the amateur tennis league. Round your answers to the nearest integer. Also, please illustrate and show the equilibrium wage and the equilibrium quantity of labor for the amateur tennis league in a graph.
The equilibrium wage is $20 per hour and the equilibrium quantity of labor is 115 people.
To find the equilibrium wage and quantity of labor, we need to set the demand equal to the supply:
Qs = Qd
-45 + 8W = 220 - 5W
Adding 5W to both sides:
-45 + 13W = 220
Adding 45 to both sides:
13W = 265
Dividing by 13 on both sides:
W = 20.38 (rounded to nearest integer = 20)
Now that we have found the equilibrium wage, we can substitute this value back into either the demand or supply equation to find the equilibrium quantity of labor:
Qs = -45 + 8(20) = 115
Therefore, the equilibrium wage is $20 per hour and the equilibrium quantity of labor is 115 people.
We can illustrate this equilibrium in a graph by plotting the supply and demand curves with quantity (Q) on the y-axis and wage (W) on the x-axis.
Supply curve: Qs = -45 + 8W
Demand curve: Qd = 220 - 5W
Equilibrium point: (20, 115)
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In July 1990, a rock-and-roll museum opened in Atlanta, GA. The museum was located in a large city block containing a variety of stores. In late July 1992, a fire started in one of these stores burned the entire block, including the museum. Fortunately, the museum had taken out insurance to cover the cost of rebuilding as well as lost revenue. As a general rule, insurance companies base their payment on how well the company performed in the past. However, the owners of the museum argued that the revenues were increasing, and hence they were entitled to more money under their insurance plan.
The owners of the rock-and-roll museum in Atlanta, GA, argued that they were entitled to more money from their insurance company after a fire destroyed the museum and the surrounding block.
They claimed that their revenues were increasing and, therefore, believed they should receive a higher payout. Insurance companies typically base their payments on the past performance of a business.
Insurance companies determine their payouts based on the past performance of a business. This includes factors such as revenue, profits, and other financial indicators. In the case of the rock-and-roll museum, the owners argued that their revenues were increasing, implying that the potential future revenue loss due to the fire was higher than what the insurance company might have estimated based on past performance.
However, insurance companies generally assess the risk and potential payout based on historical data and projections. The owners' argument for higher compensation would require demonstrating that the increasing revenue trend was substantial and would have continued if the fire had not occurred. The insurance company would assess the validity of this claim before making a decision on the payout.
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Ace Company purchased a machine valued at $312,000 on August 1 . The equipment has an estimated useful life of five years or 2.5 militon units. The equipment is estimated to have a salvage value of $7,400. Assuming the straight-line method of depreciation, what is the amount of depreclation expense that needs to be recorded at the end of the first yoar? Nullule Cheice 560920 363880 580.400 326.000 $25.393
the amount of depreciation expense that needs to be recorded at the end of the first year is $60,920. The correct answer is option (a) $60,920.To calculate the depreciation expense using the straight-line method, we need to subtract the salvage value from the initial cost and divide it by the useful life.
Given:
Initial cost = $312,000
Useful life = 5 years or 2.5 million units
Salvage value = $7,400
Depreciation Expense = (Initial cost - Salvage value) / Useful life
Depreciation Expense = ($312,000 - $7,400) / 5
Depreciation Expense = $304,600 / 5
Depreciation Expense = $60,920
Therefore, the amount of depreciation expense that needs to be recorded at the end of the first year is $60,920. The correct answer is option (a) $60,920.
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the amount of depreciation expense that needs to be recorded at the end of the first year is $60,920. The correct answer is option (a) $60,920.To calculate the depreciation expense using the straight-line method, we need to subtract the salvage value from the initial cost and divide it by the useful life.
Given:
Initial cost = $312,000
Useful life = 5 years or 2.5 million units
Salvage value = $7,400
Depreciation Expense = (Initial cost - Salvage value) / Useful life
Depreciation Expense = ($312,000 - $7,400) / 5
Depreciation Expense = $304,600 / 5
Depreciation Expense = $60,920
Therefore, the amount of depreciation expense that needs to be recorded at the end of the first year is $60,920. The correct answer is option (a) $60,920.
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John earns an interest rate of 12% on a $15000 savings account. Calculate the future value of this amount if Kevin keeps it for 5 years. (Show your calculations) Question 4 Ryan wants $36000 after 12 years. The interest rate available on a specific investment, which he is interested in, is 12% per annum. How much he should invest today to receive the desired amount? (Show your calculations) (2 points) John has $20000 as savings and he wants to invest them. He has two options to invest in. Option 1: This offers 12% interst rate for 5 years. Options 2: This offers 9% interest rate for 8 years. ( As an expert of such investments, assist John which option should he choose for his investment. (Show your calculations)
In the first scenario, John has $15,000 in a savings account earning an interest rate of 12%.The calculation yields a future value of $26,790.
In the second scenario, Ryan wants to accumulate $36,000 after 12 years at an interest rate of 12%. The calculation shows that Ryan should invest $8,415.09 today.
In the third scenario, John has $20,000 to invest and has two options. The calculations reveal that Option 1 results in a future value of $33,574.40, whereas Option 2 leads to a future value of $35,792.56. Therefore, based on the calculations, John should choose Option 2 as it offers a higher return on his investment.
In the first scenario, to calculate the future value of $15,000 after 5 years with a 12% interest rate, we can use the formula:
Future Value = Principal Amount × (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods.
Plugging in the values, we get $15,000 × (1 + 0.12)^5 = $26,790.
In the second scenario, to find the amount Ryan should invest today to achieve a future value of $36,000 after 12 years at a 12% interest rate, we can use the formula:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods. Substituting the values,
we get $36,000 / (1 + 0.12)^12 = $8,415.09.
In the third scenario, we can compare the future values of Option 1 and Option 2 to determine the better investment choice for John.
For Option 1, the future value is calculated as $20,000 × (1 + 0.12)^5 = $33,574.40.
For Option 2, the future value is calculated as $20,000 × (1 + 0.09)^8 = $35,792.56.
Since Option 2 offers a higher future value, John should choose this option for his investment.
These calculations demonstrate the importance of understanding compound interest and evaluating different investment options based on their potential returns. By considering factors such as interest rates, time periods, and compounding, individuals can make informed decisions to maximize their investment growth.
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You decide to sell short 200 shares of Charlotte Horse Farms when it is selling at its yearly high of $51. Your broker tells you that your margin requirement is 65 percent and that the commission on the purchase is $380. While you are short the stock, Charlotte pays a $2.85 per share dividend. At the end of one year you buy 200 shares of Charlotte at $37 to close out your position and are charged a commission of $365 and 10 percent interest on the money borrowed. What is your rate of return on the investment? Do not round Intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places
The rate of return on the investment from selling short 200 shares of Charlotte Horse Farms is approximately 25.6%.
To calculate the rate of return on the investment from selling short 200 shares of Charlotte Horse Farms, we need to consider the various components of the transaction and the resulting gains or losses.
Initial Short Sale:
The initial sale of 200 shares at $51 each results in a cash inflow of $10,200 (200 shares * $51).
The margin requirement of 65 percent means that you need to deposit 35 percent of the value, which is $3,570 (35% * $10,200).
Dividend Payment:
Charlotte Horse Farms pays a dividend of $2.85 per share, resulting in a total dividend of $570 (200 shares * $2.85).
As you are short the stock, you are responsible for paying this dividend.
Purchase to Close Position:
At the end of one year, you buy 200 shares of Charlotte Horse Farms at $37 each, resulting in a cash outflow of $7,400 (200 shares * $37).
You also incur a commission of $365 for the purchase.
Interest Expense:
You borrowed money to finance the short sale, and you need to pay 10 percent interest on the amount borrowed.
To calculate the rate of return, we need to compute the net gain or loss on the investment, taking into account the initial cash inflow, dividend payment, purchase cost, commissions, and interest expense.
Net Gain/Loss = Initial Cash Inflow - Dividend Payment - Purchase Cost - Commissions - Interest Expense
Initial Cash Inflow = $10,200
Dividend Payment = $570
Purchase Cost = $7,400
Commissions = $365
Interest Expense = 10% * $3,570 = $357
[tex]Net Gain/Loss = $10,200 - $570 - $7,400 - $365 - $357 = $2,608[/tex]
The rate of return on the investment can be calculated as the net gain divided by the initial cash inflow, expressed as a percentage.
[tex]Rate of Return = (Net Gain / Initial Cash Inflow) * 100[/tex]
[tex]Rate of Return = ($2,608 / $10,200) * 100 ≈ 25.6%[/tex]
Therefore, the rate of return on the investment from selling short 200 shares of Charlotte Horse Farms is approximately 25.6%.
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The ABC Company has a cost of equity of 25.41 percent, a before-tax cost of debt of 5.36 percent, and a tax rate of 22 percent. What is the firm’s weighted average cost of capital if the proportion of debt is 28%?
The firm’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 19.43% if the proportion of debt is 28%
First, calculate the after-tax cost of debt:
After-tax cost of debt = Before-tax cost of debt × (1 - Tax rate)
After-tax cost of debt = 5.36% × (1 - 0.22)
After-tax cost of debt = 5.36% × 0.78
The after-tax cost of debt = 4.1848% or 0.041848
Then, calculate the proportion of equity and debt:
Proportion of equity = 1 - Proportion of debt
Proportion of equity = 1 - 0.28
Proportion of equity = 0.72
Now calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC):
WACC = (Proportion of equity × Cost of equity) + (Proportion of debt × After-tax cost of debt)
WACC = (0.72 × 25.41%) + (0.28 × 4.1848%)
WACC = 18.2592% + 1.1697%
WACC = 19.4289% or 0.194289
Thus, the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is approximately 19.43%
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Question 57(1.667 points) Infiation rate. (percent per year) Long-run Phillips curve Short-run Phillps auno 5 Unomployment rate (Percent) 57 suppose the economy is a point A.In general,a movement in the economy from A to C to E a) a would be consistent with some kind of short-run adjustment bb would be consistent with some kind of long-run adjustment cc would invoke the rule of 70 dd would violate monetary policy
The movement in the economy from point A to point C to point E would be consistent with some kind of short-run adjustment. This is because short-run adjustments are characterized by fluctuations in the economy that deviate from its long-run equilibrium.
In this scenario, the movement suggests that there are temporary changes occurring in the economy that impact the inflation rate and unemployment rate.
In the short run, the Phillips curve relationship indicates an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment rates. Point A represents the initial equilibrium, where the inflation rate is low, and the unemployment rate is high. Moving from point A to point C implies an increase in the inflation rate (moving up the Phillips curve) and a decrease in the unemployment rate. This suggests an expansionary policy that stimulates economic activity, leading to increased demand, reduced unemployment, but potentially higher inflation.
Subsequently, moving from point C to point E implies a further increase in the inflation rate and a decrease in the unemployment rate. However, it is important to note that these short-run adjustments are not sustainable in the long run. In the long run, the Phillips curve is vertical, indicating that there is no trade-off between inflation and unemployment. Thus, if the economy were to continue moving along the Phillips curve towards point E, it would **violate monetary policy** as it suggests an unsustainable situation of continuously increasing inflation without addressing the underlying structural issues causing unemployment.
Therefore, the movement from A to C to E would be consistent with short-run adjustments, but it would violate monetary policy if it continued in the long run without addressing the structural factors affecting unemployment.
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