Around 12 ATP equivalents are generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetyl CoA.
Glycolysis begins when glucose enters, producing 2 pyruvate molecules. These pyruvates are subsequently transformed into two molecules of acetyl CoA. With each acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle, three NADH (9 ATP), one FADH (2 ATP), and one GTP are produced (1 ATP). Each mole of acetyl-CoA will therefore yield 12 ATP molecules in total.
Electron transport from the citric acid cycle's energy precursors in step 3 causes oxidative phosphorylation, which phosphorylates ADP to produce ATP. In animals the majority of the energy required in biosynthesis, preserving appropriate ion balance, and mechanical work comes from oxidative phosphorylation.
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The nucleus of each human cell contains ________, which are threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna).
Answer:
Chromosomes
Explanation:
Why do you think people do religious custom
Answer: Because thats how they act they dont even have to say anything its just have they act or behave when not serving a god like for muslims you can't date anyone unless its like your married.
Explanation:
Areas on the tongue covered primarily with filiform papillae, which contain no taste buds, are similar to _____ in vision
Areas on the tongue covered primarily with filiform papillae, which contain no taste buds, are similar to Blind spot in vision.
Dorsal surface of the anterior tongue region is covered with many irregularities and mucosal bumps, known as tongue papillae, all the way to the sulcus terminalis. There are four different forms of papillae: foliated, circumvallate, fungiform, and filiform.
The fungiform, foliated, and circumvallate papillae contain taste buds, which are visible as oval structures that appear pale in histology sections, but not the filiform. Filiform papillae, however, lack taste receptors. Instead, they serve as grips or ripples on your tongue that make it easier to chew, speak, and clean your mouth.
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Many human cells divide a finite number of times before going into permanent arrest, a phenomenon called ____________________ which appears to be caused by the loss of telomeres.
Many human cells divide a finite number of times before going into permanent arrest, a phenomenon called Hayflick’s Phenomenon, which appears to be caused by the loss of telomeres.
Hayflick limit or Hayflick’s phenomena is defined as the number of times a normal cell population divides before entering the senescence phase.
Hayflick (1961) demonstrated that a population of normal human fetal cells divide in culture between 40 and 60 times before stopping.
This phenomenon is related to telomere length. Repeated mitosis leads to shortening of the telomeres on the DNA of the cell. Telomere shortening in humans eventually makes cell division impossible, and correlates with aging.
Telomeres are irrevocably shortened each time a cell divides. When the telomeres become too short, the cell can no longer divide.
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Dna sequencing is a technology that allows scientists to?
DNA sequencing is a technology that allows scientists to determine the genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment
It also help scientists to determine the order the four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine or nucleic acid sequence
What is DNA sequencing?DNA sequencing can be defined as the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
So therefore, DNA sequencing is a technology that allows scientists to determine the genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment
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Flaccid paralysis is caused by a) a endospore forming bacterium b) clostridium botulinum c) clostridium tetani d) a & b e) a & c
Flaccid paralysis is a neurological condition characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause
Option D. a & b a) endospore forming bacterium b) clostridium botulinum
A common cause of flaccid paralysis is anterior spinal artery syndrome, an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery. Obstruction can be caused by spinal cord trauma, cancer, arterial disease, or thrombosis.
Flaccid paralysis causes muscles to contract and go limp. lead to muscle weakness. Spastic paralysis affects tight, rigid muscles. Muscles may twitch or spasm uncontrollably.
Acute flaccid myelitis can be caused by infection with a type of virus known as an enterovirus. Respiratory illness and fever due to enteroviruses are especially common in children. most people recover.
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Which food component is not an example of fiber? question 21 options: strings of celery outer layer soft kernels of wheat residue in milk hulls of seeds
Residue in milk is not an example of fiber. The correct answer is option(c).
The amount of food generated from plants that can't be entirely broken down by digestive enzymes in humans is known as dietary fiber or roughage. The solubility, viscosity, and fermentability of dietary fibers, which have an impact on how they are metabolized by the body, can be used to classify them in general. Dietary fibers have a wide range of chemical compositions.
Advantages of a fiber-rich diet:
Makes bowel movements normal.Safeguards the well-being of the bowels.Lowers a person's cholesterol.Aids in blood sugar regulation.Helps one reach a healthy weight.Prolongs your life.Consuming adequate fiber might help the body eliminate waste more easily by preventing or treating constipation. Additionally, it promotes a balanced intestinal microbiome. A 2015 review found that dietary fiber improves stool volume, encourages regular bowel movements, and shortens the time waste spends in the intestines.
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Describe why the treatment plant was not removing nitrites and nitrates from the water. how did you fix this problem?
The problem can be fixed by converting ammonia.
What is ammonia?With the chemical formula NH3, ammonia is a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen.
Ammonia is the simplest pnictogen hydride and a stable binary hydride. It is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor. It contributes considerably to the nutritional demands of terrestrial species by serving as a precursor to 45 percent of the world's food and fertilizers. It is a common nitrogenous waste biologically, especially among aquatic creatures.
How to remove nitrates and nitrites from water?Nitrates are challenging contaminants to remove from water, and filters alone cannot do it. By using ion exchange resin, distillation, or reverse osmosis, nitrates can be taken out of water.
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What is the difference between the gamma motor neuron and the alpha motor neuron?
Alpha motor neurons innervate extrafusal fibers, the highly contracting fibers that supply the muscle with its power. Gamma motor neurons innervate intrafusal fibers, which contract only slightly.
Alpha motor neurons innervate extrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers. Axons that convey information from motor areas of the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord.
A gamma motor neuron (γ motor neuron), also called gamma motoneuron is a type of lower motor neuron that takes part in the process of muscle contraction, and represents about 30% of (Aγ) fibers going to the muscle. The gamma motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord send motor axons to each intrafusal muscle fiber and stimulate contraction of their polar ends.
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Phosphofructokinase is regulated by a number of factors, including high levels of atp. why is this enzyme regulated by atp levels?
Answer:
If ATP levels are high, it is important to directly inhibit the reaction that commits the substrate to glycolysis to allow the substrate to be available for other reactions, since the cell has ample energy.
What would be the effect of a mutation that inactivates neisseria gonorrhoeae's genes for fimbriae?
The effect of a mutation that inactivates Neisseria gonorrhea's genes for fimbriae is antibiotic resistance and decreased ability to infect
Antibiotic resistance arises when bacteria adapt to the usage of these medications. Antibiotic resistance develops in bacteria rather than in people or animals. These bacteria can infect humans and animals, and their infections are more difficult to treat than infections caused by non-resistant bacteria.
Antibiotic usage is the primary cause of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics kill certain germs, but resistant bacteria can live and even reproduce. Antibiotic usage increases the prevalence of resistant bacteria. The more antibiotics we use, the more likely bacteria will develop resistance to them.
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The highlighted vessels are ________ blood to the heart. The highlighted vessels are ________ blood to the heart. arteries that carry deoxygenated veins that carry oxygenated arteries that carry oxygenated veins that carry deoxygenated
In the circulatory system, arteries take blood from the heart, and veins carry it to the heart. B) The highlighted vessels are veins that carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
What is the circulatory system?The circulatory system is a mechanism that, together with the respiratory system, provides oxygen to the organism and removes carbon dioxide.
The circulatory system is in charge of driving oxygen to all the tissues and cells in the body and taking away carbon dioxide from them.
These gases are in the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, respectively.
The heart bombs blood through arteries
The oxygenated blood moves forward all tissues and cellsDeoxygenated blood goes to the lungs ⇒ pulmonary artery
This organ also receives blood through veins,
Oxygenated blood enters from the lungs ⇒ pulmonary veinDeoxygenated blood comes from other tissues
So the heart sends blood through arteries and receives blood through veins. Depending on the destiny and origin of this blood, it is oxygenated or deoxygenated.
There are two principal types of circulation,
Lung circulation
1. Moves blood between the heart and the lungs.
2. Deoxygenated blood goes from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary artery)
3. In the lungs, deoxygenated blood releases carbon dioxide and gets oxygenated again.
4. Carbon dioxide is released by exhalation.
5. Blood absorbs oxygen from small air sacs named alveoli.
6. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart (pulmonary vein).
Systemic circulation
1. Carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
2. Oxygenated blood leaves the heart and moves to all the cells in the body (arteries).
3. Deoxygenated blood returns from tissues to the heart (veins).
From the image,
The highlighted vessels are closely related to the lungs. So, according to their position and diametre, we can assume these are either pulmonary veins or arteries.If we consider the statement says that the highlighted vessels move blood TO the heart, we can assume we are talking about veins.
The only veins that move from the lungs to the heart carry oxygenated blood.
According to this reasoning, option B is correct.
The highlighted vessels are veins that carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
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For the dna fragment g-t-a-g-t-a, what is the nucleotide sequence for the complementary dna strand?
DNA fragment g-t-a-g-t-a the complementary strand will be c-a-t-c-a-t.
A pair of complementary bases are found at corresponding places on each of the two chains that make up a double helix of DNA. An area where two nucleic acid chains are connected by a series of base pairs.If you know the sequence of the template strand, you can figure out the sequence of a complementary strand. Each base in one of these two strands adheres to its companion in the other, making them complimentary. While the G-C pairs are joined by three hydrogen bonds, the A-T pairs are joined by just two.learn more about complementary strand here: https://brainly.com/question/1534778
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In general, atmospheric pressure is greatest near earth's surface and ____ as you move upward away from sea level. a. decreases c. stays the same b. increases d. doubles
In general, atmospheric pressure is greatest near earth's surface and decreases as you move upward away from sea level.
Where is the air pressure greater closer to the earth or higher in the atmosphere?
The lowest point in the atmosphere has the highest atmospheric pressure. Additionally, this is where the air is densest. As one ascends higher in the atmosphere, pressure and density decrease. The mass of the atmosphere is drawn toward the surface of the earth by its gravitational field.What causes high atmospheric pressure?
Air rising and falling causes areas of high and low pressure. Because warm air rises, there is low pressure at the surface. Air cools and lowers, creating high surface pressure.What is high pressure and low pressure?
A low pressure system has lower pressure at its center than the areas around it. Winds blow towards the low pressure, and the air rises in the atmosphere where they meet. A high pressure system has higher pressure at its center than the areas around it.Learn more about high atmospheric pressure
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Pathogens transmitted by means of cuts or punctures are an example of _______ transmission.
Answer:
Parenteral Transmission
What is the strongest stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary?
The strongest stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary is "increase in plasma osmolarity."
What is plasma osmolarity?The electrolyte-water balance of the body is measured by plasma osmolality. This quantity can be determined in a number of ways, either through measuring or calculation.
Technically, osmolality or osmolarity are two separate measurements, but in everyday usage, they serve the same purpose.
Some characteristics of plasma osmolarity are-
The pattern of fluid motion within the system, and consequently the concentration of ion and proteins in the solvent, can be controlled by an organism's plasma osmolality or oncotic pressures. We may see the fluid movement's effects as a result, which frequently take the form of edema, dehydration, blood pressure abnormalities, seizures, and variations in intracranial pressure. The administration of intravenous fluids, that are utilized to swiftly change both plasma osmolality or oncotic pressures inside the vascular system, can also be indicated by osmolality abnormalities.To know more about plasma osmolarity, here
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The cell bodies of neurons bringing sensory information to the spinal cord are located in the?
The cell bodies of neurons bringing sensory information to the spinal cord are located in the dorsal root ganglion.
Dorsal root ganglionA dorsal root ganglion, also known as a spinal ganglion or a posterior root ganglion, is a group of neurons in the dorsal root of a spinal nerve. The dorsal root ganglia are home to the first-order neurons, or cell bodies, of sensory neurons. Afferents are the term for the dorsal root ganglion neurons' axons. Axons that transmit sensory data to the central nervous system are referred to as afferents in the peripheral nervous system (i.e. the brain and the spinal cord). The dorsal root ganglion's neurons are of the pseudo-unipolar type, which means they have a cell body (soma) with two branches that function as a single axon, commonly known as a distal process and a proximal process.
The cell bodies of neurons bringing sensory information to the spinal cord are located in the?
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In the investigation of whether stretching before running prevents muscle cramps in calves, what would be the control group?
In the investigation of whether stretching before running prevents muscle cramps in calves, the control group would be a group of people who did not do stretching before running.
In a scientific experiment, a control group is a subset of participants who are not included in the main experiment and whose outcomes are unaffected by the independent variable under study. By isolating the effects of the independent variable on the experiment, this can help rule out other possible explanations for the findings of the experiment.Positive control groups, untreated control groups, and negative control groups are the three primary categories of control groups. Positive control group can demonstrate that the experiment is running as intended.Negative control groups are those where the experiment's settings are designed to produce a poor result. Untreated control group is merely observed to allow for the comparison of its outcomes of the treatment group.Thus this is an example of untreated control group where the control group is not given the treatment i.e., stretching before running so that it can be determined whether stretching before running prevents muscle cramps in calves.
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The majority of the nutrients in
the ocean comes from which
source?
A. from tsunamis
B. from nutrients that wash into the ocean from the continents
C. from the atmosphere
Answer: B
Explanation:
The nutrients that wash off of the continents (waste products, sediment) are often rich in essential minerals to plankton and other microscopic aquatic life, which in turn are the base of the marine food chain.
Tsunamis are too infrequent and do not dredge up any sediment most of the time, and C is not correct because nutrients don't just rain from the sky.
Hich root does not refer to an endocrine gland?
which root does not refer to an endocrine gland?
ket/o
The ability to work with the sick and the infirm depends on one's ability and willingness to show ________. select one: a. empathy b. integrity c. emotion d. discretion
The ability to work with the sick and the infirm depends on one's ability and willingness to show Empathy.
Option A is correct .
What is empathy ?
Empathy, the ability to understand and share the feelings of another, is an important asset to improve health outcomes for patients with LHL. Empathy is much more than just knowing a patient’s medical history, symptoms, or signs of disease and goes far beyond clinical diagnosis and treatment. It is the ability to truly understand the patients’ emotions, fears, pain and worry and the ability to respond to these.
The term “empathy” is used to describe a wide range of experiences. Emotion researchers generally define empathy as the ability to sense other people's emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine what someone else might be thinking or feeling.
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Along one strand of a dna double helix is the nucleotide sequence ggcataggt. what is the sequence of the rna that would be transcribed from this region?
The sequence of the RNA that would be transcribed from this region of a DNA nucleotide sequence (GGCATAGGT) is CCGUAUCCA.
How is RNA formed?DNA is the part of a living being that carries genetic information.
The DNA is a biopolymer of deoxyribonucleic acid (a type of nucleic acid) that has four different chemical groups, called bases:
AdenineGuanineCytosineThymineHowever, during the process of transcription, the information in the DNA is read into a mRNA molecule.
Therefore, the sequence of the RNA that would be transcribed from this region of a DNA nucleotide sequence (GGCATAGGT) is CCGUAUCCA.
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Compare artificial and biological neural networks. what aspects of biological networks are not mimicked by artificial ones? what aspects are similar?
George wants to know which flower, a carnation or a rose, is more beautiful. he surveys his classmates to gather data. why is the survey considered pseudoscience? the data are objective. it involves a collection of facts. it involves a collection of opinions. the data are constantly updated.
It involves a collection of opinions is the survey considered pseudoscience.
What is pseudoscience in simple words?
A statement, discovery, or explanatory system that is presented as pseudoscience lacks the objectivity required by the scientific process. Research that is based on dubious ideas, a defective experimental design, or unreliable data can also lead to pseudoscience.What is pseudoscience in psychology?
A set of beliefs and procedures that resembles real science in some ways but cannot be regarded as such. Astrology, numerology, and arcane magic are some examples.
Who invented pseudoscience?
In two of his dialogues, Plato used it for the first time as a literary device. The late 19th century also saw the emergence of other tales about lost continents, like Mu and Lemuria.Learn more about pseudoscience
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Why do some species employ both mitosis and meiosis, whereas other species use only mitosis? see concept 13.2 (page)
Some species employ both mitosis and meiosis, whereas other species use only mitosis because they need both if they are producing animal gametes.
Sex cells divides through meiosis and non sex cell divide through mitosis in animals while in plants sex cell divide through both mitosis and meiosis.
In human and all other animals species , the non sex cells such as skin cell, muscles cells , blood cells etc. divided by mitosis. It is so because these cells deplete at a fast rate and hence their retrieval also needs to be fast. Sex cells like male and female gametes are haploid cells an hence their divide through meiosis. In plants gamete formation requires both mitosis and meiosis cell division.
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Answer:
Explanation:
They need both if they are producing plant (or animal) gametes.
In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, how can you be sure what you are looking at exhibits protostome or deuterostome development?
In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, from the first development of mouth or anus, one can determine its protostome or deuterostome.
The oral end of the majority of coelomate invertebrates emerges from the blastopore, the first developmental opening, and is referred to as a protostome (Latin for "first mouth").
The oral end of the animal originates from the second aperture on the dorsal surface of the animal in the deuterostomes ("second mouth"), which include Echinodermata and the ancestors of the Chordata; the blastopore becomes the anus. The deuterostomes also exhibit indeterminate development, meaning that even if the eight cells of the embryo are split, each one would still be able to develop into a complete organism.
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Protists represent an important evolutionary step between ____________ and ____________. a. fungi, plants b. single celled organisms, multicelled organisms c. bacteria, animals d. plants, animals
Option (B) single-celled organisms, and multicelled organisms are the correct answer.
Protists represent an important evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms.
What are Protists?Protists are eukaryotes because they have a nucleus and other organelles that are attached to membranes. Protists have a distinctive central compartment termed the nucleus, which is shared by all eukaryotic cells and contains their genetic material. Organelles, specialized pieces of cellular machinery, carry out specific tasks within the cell. Plastids are found in photosynthetic protists like numerous kinds of algae.Protists' DNA resembles that of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are single-celled organisms, whereas algae are multi-celled organisms.We can infer from this debate that protists are a crucial evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms as they share many characteristics with both cyanobacteria and algae.
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Protists represent an important evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms.
Protists represent an important evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms.
What are Protists?Protists are eukaryotes because they have a nucleus and other organelles that are attached to membranes.
Protists have a distinctive central compartment termed the nucleus, which is shared by all eukaryotic cells and contains their genetic material.
Organelles, specialized pieces of cellular machinery, carry out specific tasks within the cell.
Plastids are found in photosynthetic protists like numerous kinds of algae.
Protists' DNA resembles that of cyanobacteria.
Cyanobacteria are single-celled organisms, whereas algae are multi-celled organisms.
We can infer from this debate that protists are a crucial evolutionary step between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms as they share many characteristics with both cyanobacteria and algae.
What are some dangerous protists?MalariaAfrican sleeping sicknessGiardiasisCryptosporidiosisTrichomoniasisToxoplasmosisAmoebic dysenteryTo learn more about Protists refer to:
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Why do moderate levels of disturbance result in an increase in community diversity?
Due to moderate disturbance, habitats are opened up for less competitive species thus increasing the diversity of a community.
What are the factors affecting diversity?Diversity is the variation in different life forms within a community, ecosystem or biome. Moderate disturbances result in loss of number of competitive species thus opening up habitat for less competitive species.According to intermediate species diversity, moderate disturbances increase the diversity of an area by maintaining the numbers of both more competitive and less competitive species.When disturbance is low, more competitive species dominate the community leading to loss of less competitive ones.When disturbance is high like deforestation, forest fires, it can result in loss of all species.Thus at moderate disturbances, diversity is maximum because species at all ecosystem levels can coexist.Learn more about biodiversity here:
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Which is an example of a lipid?Which statement describes the F1 generation of a Mendelian monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents?
A steroid hormone is an example of a lipid whereas the statement that describes the F1 of a monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents is a 100% dominant phenotype.
What is a lipid?Lipids represent a broad category of biomolecules composed of fatty acids and one glycerol backbone.
Moreover, the F1 of a monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents (i.e., one recessive and one dominant parent) will exhibit a 100% dominant phenotype.
In conclusion, a steroid hormone is an example of a lipid whereas the statement that describes the F1 of a monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents is a 100% dominant phenotype.
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All vertebrate embryos have _____ at some point during embryonic development, indicating a common evolutionary ancestor
All chordates chare four structures. One of the is the tail. All vertebrate embryos have _a tail__ at some point during embryonic development, indicating a common evolutionary ancestor.
What is the relationship between chordates?The evolutionary relationship between species is reflected in the similarities or differences in the patterns of embryonic development.
All chordates belong to the Chordata phylum, and share four main characteristics,
Notochord, which is a precursor of the dorsal spine.Nerv cord, dorsally located and parallel to the notochord.Pharyngeal cleftsTail
All chordates express these structures at some point in their lives, especially in the early stages of embryogenesis. Many of them can be lost with animal development and become vestigial structures.
The tail is a vestigial structure in many vertebrates.
Vestigial structures are those body parts, genetically determined, that have been retained during the evolution of the taxonomic group but have lost or reduced their original function.
Such vestigial structures were plenty functional in the ancestors of new species, but now are typically degenerate, stunted, or rudimentary, and tend to be much more variable than homologous non-vestigial parts
All vertebrates develop a tail at some point in their embryonic life, even humans. However, this structure lost its original function in several species, so after a period of embryogenesis, this tail disappears, and its forming vertebras get fussed with each other composing the coccyx.
In many animals, the function of the tail is to stabilize, equilibrate and mobilize. But in humans, for instance, the coccyx has lost this function but is still an area of muscle insertion.
The correct option is Tail.
All vertebrate embryos have _a tail_ at some point during embryonic development, indicating a common evolutionary ancestor.
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