Answer:
According to Elinor Ostrom, the correct statements about the problem of "tragedy of the commons" are:
b) Even if all individuals were completely selfish, repeated interactions would definitely result in cooperative outcomes.
d) Individuals care about trust and reciprocity.
Explanation:
Elinor Ostrom's work on common pool resource management challenged the notion that tragedy of the commons was an inevitable outcome. She emphasized that under certain conditions, individuals can develop mechanisms for self-governance and avoid the overexploitation of shared resources. She argued that repeated interactions among individuals, along with trust and reciprocity, can lead to cooperative outcomes, even without the need for government enforcement. While social norms can play a role in enforcing sustainable resource use, their success may vary depending on the specific context.
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An increase in the supply of smartphones could be caused by:
a. an advance in technology which lowers the cost of producing smartphones
b. an increase in the demand for smartphones which increases the price of smartphones
c. Both of the above
d. Neither of the above
The correct option is A. an advance in technology which lowers the cost of producing smartphones. This allows for more efficient and cost-effective production, leading to an increase in the supply of smartphones.
An increase in the supply of smartphones can be caused by various factors, but among the given options, the most relevant and direct cause would be "an advance in technology which lowers the cost of producing smartphones."
a. An advance in technology which lowers the cost of producing smartphones: Technological advancements can lead to improvements in production processes, making it more efficient and cost-effective to manufacture smartphones. This can lower the production costs, which, in turn, can incentivize suppliers to increase their supply of smartphones.
b. An increase in the demand for smartphones which increases the price of smartphones: This option is incorrect in the context of supply. An increase in demand would typically lead to an increase in price, but it does not directly cause an increase in supply. When demand increases, it may encourage firms to produce more smartphones to meet the higher demand, but the cause of increased supply would be the firm's response to the demand, not the demand itself.
c. Both of the above: This option is incorrect because an increase in the supply of smartphones is not directly caused by an increase in the demand for smartphones. While an increase in demand can indirectly influence the supply, it is not the direct cause of increased supply.
d. Neither of the above: This option is incorrect as an advance in technology that lowers production costs is a valid cause of an increase in the supply of smartphones.
Among the given options, the correct cause for an increase in the supply of smartphones is an advance in technology that lowers the cost of producing smartphones. This allows for more efficient and cost-effective production, leading to an increase in the supply of smartphones.
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Under typical conditions, the fed applies monetary policy by adjusting
a. Open market operations
b. Discount rates
c. Federal fund rate
d. Require reserve ratios
Under typical conditions, the Federal Reserve (Fed) applies monetary policy by adjusting:
a. Open market operations: The Fed buys or sells government securities, such as Treasury bonds or bills, in the open market. When the Fed wants to stimulate the economy, it buys government securities, injecting money into the banking system. Conversely, when the Fed wants to reduce money supply and control inflation, it sells government securities, removing money from the banking system.
b. Discount rates: The discount rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks can borrow funds directly from the Federal Reserve. By raising or lowering the discount rate, the Fed influences the cost of borrowing for banks. Increasing the discount rate makes borrowing more expensive, which can reduce borrowing and economic activity. Lowering the discount rate can encourage borrowing and stimulate economic growth.
c. Federal funds rate: The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which banks lend to each other overnight to meet their reserve requirements. The Fed influences the federal funds rate by conducting open market operations and adjusting the supply of reserves in the banking system. By targeting the federal funds rate, the Fed indirectly influences other interest rates in the economy, such as mortgage rates and consumer loan rates.
d. Reserve requirements: Reserve requirements refer to the percentage of deposits that banks are required to hold as reserves. By adjusting reserve requirements, the Fed can affect the amount of money that banks can lend. Lowering reserve requirements increases the amount of funds available for lending, stimulating economic activity. Conversely, raising reserve requirements reduces the amount of funds available for lending, which can slow down economic growth.
It's important to note that the Fed may use a combination of these tools to implement monetary policy, depending on the economic conditions and objectives it aims to achieve. The specific actions taken by the Fed depend on the prevailing economic circumstances and the desired outcomes set by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC).
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Which of the following is the most likely circumstance for a company to decide to do little or no test marketing? O a. when the costs of developing and introducing the product are low O b. when the product has no substitutes and is new in its category O c. when management lacks confidence in the new product O d. when the new product requires a major investment
The most likely circumstance for a company to decide to do little or no test marketing is when the product has no substitutes and is new in its category.
In the given options, the scenario where a company is most likely to decide to do little or no test marketing is when the product has no substitutes and is new in its category (option b). Test marketing involves launching a product in a limited market to evaluate its performance and gather feedback before a full-scale launch. However, in certain situations, companies may choose to skip or minimize test marketing.
When a product has no substitutes and is new in its category, it means that there are no similar alternatives available in the market. In such cases, the company may have a first-mover advantage, as they are introducing a unique product that fulfills an unmet need. Since there are no substitutes, the company might decide to skip test marketing and directly launch the product to capitalize on this competitive advantage. This decision is often driven by factors such as the urgency to establish market dominance, the risk of competitors entering the market, or the need to secure intellectual property rights.
However, it's important to note that test marketing is a valuable tool for assessing consumer response, identifying potential issues, and fine-tuning the marketing strategy. Companies should carefully consider the specific circumstances and potential risks before deciding to forgo or limit test marketing, even in situations where the product has no substitutes and is new in its category.
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5 A monopoly faces the following demand curve: Q(P) = 11,000-125P Its total cost function is: C(Q)= $2675+30Q Calculate the profit maximizing quantity
To find the profit-maximizing quantity for the monopoly, we need to determine the quantity where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC).
The marginal revenue (MR) for a monopoly is the change in total revenue (TR) resulting from selling one additional unit of output. In this case, since the demand function is given, we can derive the total revenue function and then calculate the marginal revenue.
The total revenue (TR) is the product of the price (P) and quantity (Q) sold:
TR = P * Q
Given the demand curve Q(P) = 11,000 - 125P, we can solve for P in terms of Q:
Q = 11,000 - 125P
125P = 11,000 - Q
P = (11,000 - Q) / 125
Substituting the expression for P in terms of Q into the total revenue function, we get:
TR = [(11,000 - Q) / 125] * Q
TR = (11,000Q - Q^2) / 125
The marginal revenue (MR) is the derivative of the total revenue function with respect to quantity (Q):
MR = d(TR)/dQ
Differentiating the total revenue function with respect to Q, we obtain:
MR = (11,000 - 2Q) / 125
Now, we need to find the quantity where MR equals marginal cost (MC). The marginal cost (MC) is given as 30Q in this case.
Setting MR equal to MC and solving for Q:
(11,000 - 2Q) / 125 = 30Q
Solving the equation for Q:
11,000 - 2Q = 125 * 30Q
11,000 = 2Q + 3,750Q
11,000 = 3,752Q
Q = 11,000 / 3,752
Q ≈ 2.93
The profit-maximizing quantity for the monopoly is approximately 2.93 (rounded to the nearest decimal).
The profit-maximizing quantity for the monopoly, based on the given demand curve and total cost function, is approximately 2.93 (rounded to the nearest decimal).
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Which of the following represents the transaction created when an NSF cheque is recorded? A Increase Bank Chequing Decrease Accounts Receivable B Increase Accounts Payable Decrease NSF Expense C Increase NSF Expense Decrease Accounts Payable D Increase Accounts Receivable Decrease Bank Chequing
Which report shows the invoices that are overdue as of a specific date, along with the contact name and phone number for each customer?
A. Collections Report
B. Customer Balances Detail Report
C. Customer Aging Detail Report
D. Open Invoices Report
The transaction created when an NSF (Non-Sufficient Funds) cheque is recorded is represented by option C: Increase NSF Expense and Decrease Accounts Payable.
When a cheque bounces due to insufficient funds in the payer's account, it results in an NSF expense for the recipient of the cheque. The accounts payable balance is decreased because the amount owed by the payer is no longer considered a valid payment.
The report that shows the invoices that are overdue as of a specific date, along with the contact name and phone number for each customer, is the Customer Aging Detail Report (option C). This report provides a detailed breakdown of the outstanding invoices categorized by the age of the debt. It typically includes the invoice number, invoice date, due date, outstanding amount, customer name, contact information, and phone number. By reviewing this report, businesses can identify overdue invoices and follow up with customers to ensure timely payment. The report helps in monitoring the accounts receivable aging and facilitates effective collections management by providing the necessary information to contact customers who have unpaid invoices.
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t/f if you are married, all of your assets will automatically pass to your spouse.
The given statement "if you are married, all of your assets will automatically pass to your spouse" is false because When a person dies, the distribution of their assets is determined by the laws of intestacy that vary by state, and not by the person's marital status alone.
Whether or not all of your assets will automatically pass to your spouse when you are married depends on various factors, including the jurisdiction you live in and the specific laws and regulations governing inheritance and property rights in that jurisdiction.
In many jurisdictions, there are laws in place that govern how assets are distributed upon death, which may include provisions for the automatic transfer of assets to a surviving spouse. However, these laws can vary, and they may not apply to all types of assets or in all circumstances.
Additionally, the distribution of assets can be influenced by factors such as the presence of a valid will, any prenuptial or postnuptial agreements, and the individual circumstances of the situation.
It is important to consult with legal professionals and understand the specific laws and regulations applicable to your jurisdiction to determine how assets would be distributed in your particular case.
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The Oklahoma City Zoo has proposed adding to their Web site a major segment providing a virtual tour of the grounds and animals, suitable for both routine enjoyment and educational purposes in classrooms. Survey data indicate that this will have either a neutral or positive effect upon actual zoo attendance. The Web site will be professionally done and have an initial cost of $325,000. Upkeep, refreshing the videos, and developing videos for scientific research and entertainment will cost another $80,000 per year. The zoo is expected to be in operation for an indefinite period; however, a study period of only 10 years for the Web site is to be assumed, with only a residual (salvage) value of $60,000 for the archival value being anticipated. Interest is 7%. An estimated 100,000 persons will visit the e-zoo in the first year, increasing by 30,000 each year, and they will receive, on the average, an additional $0.80 of benefit per visit when the new area is complete. Determine the benefit-cost ratio.
(A) 1.06
B) 1.43
C) 1.64
(D) 0.97
E 0.68
Benefit-Cost Ratio: The Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is the ratio of the total present value of the net cash inflow of the investment to the total present value of the net cash outflow of the investment. the benefit-cost ratio is 1.64.
It is a financial ratio used to determine the relative value of an investment. It is calculated by dividing the present value of expected future benefits by the present value of expected future costs.The given data is used to compute the benefit-cost ratio. A virtual tour of the grounds and animals on the Oklahoma City Zoo's Web site is proposed. The Web site will be professionally done and have an initial cost of $325,000. Upkeep, refreshing the videos, and developing videos for scientific research and entertainment will cost another $80,000 per year. Interest is 7%.The benefits are estimated to be $0.80 per visit, and the number of visitors is expected to increase each year. The salvage value of the e-zoo is $60,000 at the end of 10 years.To calculate the benefit-cost ratio, the present value of future cash inflows must be divided by the present value of future cash outflows. In order to calculate these values, we need to calculate the total number of visitors each year, and then convert this number into a net cash inflow.Present Value of Inflows: (Benefit per visitor * Number of visitors)/ (1+r)nwhere r is the discount rate and n is the number of years.Benefit per visitor is $0.80, and the discount rate is 7%.Number of visitors is 100,000 in the first year and then increases by 30,000 each year.Present Value of Inflows = ($0.80 * 100,000)/ (1+0.07) + ($0.80 * 130,000)/ (1+0.07)2 + ($0.80 * 160,000)/ (1+0.07)3 + .... + ($0.80 * 580,000)/ (1+0.07)10Present Value of Inflows = $4,735,735Present Value of Outflows:Initial cost is $325,000Annual maintenance cost is $80,000PV of Outflows = ($325,000) + ($80,000)/ (1+0.07) + ($80,000)/ (1+0.07)2 + ($80,000)/ (1+0.07)3 + .... + ($80,000)/ (1+0.07)10 + ($60,000)/ (1+0.07)10PV of Outflows = $943,863Benefit-Cost Ratio: Benefit-Cost Ratio = PV of Inflows/ PV of Outflows
Benefit-Cost Ratio = $4,735,735/ $943,863 Benefit-Cost Ratio = 1.64
Therefore, the benefit-cost ratio is 1.64.
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Please explain full to better understand. Write answer of the above question in atleast 10 pages. Write answer according to the above question.
Subject- Electronic Commerce E-business involves re-evaluating value-chain activities. Discuss the different types of changes can be introduced to the value chain through e-business?
E-business involves re-evaluating the value-chain activities of a company. The value chain refers to the series of activities that a company goes through to create a product or service, from the initial conception to the final delivery.
Through e-business, companies can introduce various types of changes to the value chain, including the following:
1. Reducing costs: By implementing e-business practices, companies can often streamline their processes and reduce costs associated with traditional methods of business.
This can include automating tasks, reducing paperwork, and simplifying logistics.
2. Enhancing efficiency: E-business can also help companies to be more efficient in their operations, allowing them to complete tasks more quickly and accurately.
This can include using software to manage inventory, using e-procurement to streamline the purchasing process, and automating customer service tasks.
3. Increasing customer satisfaction: E-business can help companies to provide better customer service and improve customer satisfaction levels.
This can include offering online support, providing detailed product information, and enabling customers to track their orders.
4. Enabling innovation: E-business can also help companies to be more innovative in their product and service offerings.
This can include using data analytics to identify new market opportunities, offering customized products and services, and using social media to engage with customers in new ways.
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The demand of television sets at a distributor is uniform at 3000 TV sets for the year. The ordering costs are INR 3 lacs per order. If the holding cost of a TV set is INR 4 lacs. Determine the following: ( 2+2+4 = 8 marks)
a. EOQ
b. No. of optimal lots in the year.
c. The total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost.
The demand of television sets at a distributor is uniform at 3000 TV sets for the year. Ordering cost per order is INR 3 lacs. Holding cost of a TV set is INR 4 lacs. To find: a. EOQ b. Number of optimal lots in a year.
c. Total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost. a. EOQEOQ is the economic order quantity that determines the optimal quantity of stock that must be ordered to minimize the total cost of inventory.
It is calculated by the formula EOQ = √[(2DS)/H]Where, D = Annual demand of TV sets S = Cost of placing one order H = Holding cost per unit of inventory.∴ EOQ = √[(2 × 3000 × 300000)/400000]EOQ = √[1800000000/400000]EOQ = √[4500]EOQ = 67 units. b. Number of optimal lots in a year.
Number of optimal lots in a year = (Annual demand in units / EOQ)Number of optimal lots in a year = (3000 / 67) ≈ 45 lots. c. Total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost. Total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost is calculated by the formula TC = D/Q × S + Q/2 × H Where, D = Annual demand of TV sets S = Cost of placing one order H = Holding cost per unit of inventory Q = EOQ∴ Total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost is TC = 3000/67 × 300000 + 67/2 × 400000TC = 2246269.7 ≈ INR 22.46 lacs.∴ The EOQ is 67 units, the number of optimal lots in a year is 45 lots, and the total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost is approximately INR 22.46 lacs.
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Based on Proverbs 14:2, Proverbs 1:5, Proverbs 3:3-4, and
Proverbs 10:9. What role does honesty play in business? What are
the consequences of unethical business practices and behavior?
Answer:
Honesty is a key characteristic of a business because it sets the tone for the kind of work culture that you want to create, provides consistency in workplace behavior, and builds loyalty and trust in customers and prospects. Honesty strengthens the work environment. When employees feel they can trust their employer, they’re more likely to help build good business ethics and do the right thing, making the workplace an open environment where everyone can communicate freely and comfortably.
Unethical business practices and behavior can have serious consequences for a company. It can lead to legal trouble, loss of customers and damage to the company’s reputation. It’s important for companies to foster a culture of honesty and ethical behavior to ensure long-term success.
According to the Bible verses Proverbs 14:2, Proverbs 1:5, Proverbs 3:3-4, and Proverbs 10:9, honesty plays a crucial role in business.
Honesty and truthfulness form the basis of ethical business practices. The Bible encourages individuals to pursue wisdom and knowledge to achieve success.
Honesty in business cultivates trust and reliability among customers and clients. In addition, the Bible teaches us to maintain positive relationships with our neighbors and not to deceive or oppress them.
The consequences of unethical business practices and behavior are detrimental to the business and the community. When businesses do not act ethically, customers and clients lose trust and may refuse to continue doing business with them.
Such practices can also harm the business's reputation, lead to legal issues and financial loss. The Bible warns against gaining wealth through deceit and encourages business owners to act honestly, with integrity and character.
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What are the qualitative approaches to determining HR demand. Describe each of the four. In your opinion, which method would be most effectively determine HR demand?
There are four qualitative approaches to determining HR demand: expert judgment, delphi technique, nominal group technique, and focus groups.
Expert judgment involves gathering insights and opinions from subject matter experts or experienced professionals in the field. They provide their judgment based on their knowledge and expertise in HR and the organization's specific context.
The delphi technique gathers input from a panel of experts who participate in multiple rounds of anonymous surveys. The results are aggregated and shared iteratively until a consensus is reached.
The nominal group technique involves a structured group discussion where participants generate ideas individually, share them with the group, and then collectively prioritize and rank them.
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Homework: Assign #4 Ch 5 Question 5, Problem 5.22 HW Scom: 40%, 4 of 10 points O Points: 0 of 3 Save Part 1 of 4 de A Box Engineering designs and constructs air conditioning and heating (HVAC) systems for hospitals and clinics Currently the company's staff is ownloaded with design work. There is a major design project due in 8 weeks. The for completing the design late is $14,000 per week, since any delay will cause the facility to open later than anticipated, and cost the client significant revenue the company uses its inside engineers to complete the design will have overome for all work Sox has estimated that it will cost $13,000 per week (wages and overhead), including late weeks, to have company engineers complete the design Box is also considering having an outside engineering fo hid of $85,000 has been received for the completed design. Yet another option for completing the design is to conduct a joint design by having a third engineering company complete al electromechanical components e $54.000 Sox would then complete the rest of the design and control systems at an estimated cost of $30,000. Sex has estimated the following probabilities of completing the project within various options. Those estimates are shown in the following table Three Weeks Late Option Internal Engineers Extermal Engineers Joint Design On Time 0.3 02 0.1 Probaty of Completing the Design One Week Late Two Wooks Late 03 02 03 04 02 The expected monetary value using inside engineers to complete the design is (Enter your response as an integer) 30044
Expected monetary value using inside engineers to complete the design is $30,044.The given data in the question is: Box Engineering designs and constructs air conditioning and heating (HVAC) systems for hospitals and clinics.
Currently, the company's staff is overloaded with design work. There is a significant design project due in 8 weeks. The cost for completing the design late is $14,000 per week since any delay will cause the facility to open later than anticipated, and cost the client significant revenue.
Box Engineering company uses its inside engineers to complete the design. It will cost $13,000 per week (wages and overhead), including late weeks, to have company engineers complete the design. Box Engineering is also considering having an outside engineering firm design the system.
A quote of $85,000 has been received for the completed design. Yet another option for completing the design is to conduct a joint design by having a third engineering company complete all electromechanical components. $54,000 SOX would then complete the rest of the design and control systems at an estimated cost of $30,000.Box has estimated the following probabilities of completing the project within various options.
Those estimates are shown in the following table: Three Weeks Late Option Internal Engineers External Engineers Joint Design On Time 0.30.20.1 Probability of Completing the Design One Week Late Two Weeks Late 0.30.20.30.40.2 The expected monetary value using inside engineers to complete the design is: $30044 Note: Expected Monetary Value (EMV) is calculated by multiplying the potential outcome by the probability of its occurrence and adding up all the values.
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Greg owes the following amounts to creditors: $1000 Citibank Visa $4000 Bronson Lumber $6000 Uncle Willy Uncle Willy has a security interest in Greg's only real asset, his boat. Greg files for bankruptcy. The sale of the boat brings only $4000. After the trustee sets aside exempt property and liquidates Greg's other assets the bankruptcy estate is valued at $3500. When the trustee distributes the estate among Greg's creditors, how much should Bronson Lumber receive? (Assume there are no priority creditors or costs associated with bankruptcy proceedings.)
a. $2000
b. $1500
c. $1000
d. $500
In the given scenario, where Greg owes amounts to multiple creditors and files for bankruptcy, Bronson Lumber should receive $1500 when the trustee distributes the bankruptcy estate among the creditors.
When Greg files for bankruptcy, the trustee is responsible for distributing the bankruptcy estate among the creditors. The bankruptcy estate is the total value of Greg's assets after exempt property is set aside and other assets are liquidated.
In this case, Greg's only real asset, his boat, has a security interest held by Uncle Willy. The boat is sold for $4000, but the bankruptcy estate is valued at $3500 after exempt property and liquidation of other assets.
To determine the distribution among creditors, the bankruptcy estate is divided proportionally based on the amounts owed. The total amount owed to all creditors is $11,000 ($1000 + $4000 + $6000).
Bronson Lumber is owed $4000, which is approximately 36.36% of the total debt ($4000 / $11,000). Therefore, Bronson Lumber should receive 36.36% of the bankruptcy estate, which is $1500 ($3500 * 0.3636).
Hence, the correct answer is option b. $1500.
Greg, creditors, bankruptcy, bankruptcy estate, Bronson Lumber, trustee, exempt property, liquidation, security interest, distribution, proportional, debt.
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partnerships with complementary business whose audience shares values with yours are: A) not recommended because of the potential for future market overlap
B) a powerful way to grow your community
C) an efficient way seize market share from competitors
D) risky and unstable because businesses frequently pivot their community strategies
Partnerships with complementary business whose audience shares values with yours are a powerful way to grow your community. Therefore option (B) is correct answer.
Partnerships with complementary businesses whose audience shares values with yours can be a powerful way to grow your community. By collaborating with businesses that have a similar target audience but offer different products or services, you can reach a wider range of potential customers and expand your community.
Such partnerships often allow you to tap into the existing customer base of the complementary business, increasing brand exposure and attracting new followers, customers, or users. Additionally, partnering with businesses that share your values can help reinforce your brand message and enhance credibility among your target audience.
While there can be challenges in forming and maintaining partnerships, when executed properly, they can be mutually beneficial and contribute to the growth and success of both businesses involved. Option (B) is correct answer.
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Identify a product that adopts export selling and another that adopts export marketing. • Choose a product and describe its brand identity. Identify one example of co branding you believe is successful and another that you believe is not successful. • Identify an example of a local product, an international product and a global product. Examples must not be related to: Apple, Samsung, Coca Cola, Pepsi, Mc Donalds, Burger King or car manufacturers.
Export selling and export marketing are two distinct approaches to international marketing. Export selling is the act of selling products to a foreign market without making any significant modifications to the product.
Export marketing, on the other hand, is a more comprehensive approach that includes a thorough analysis of the target market and the development of a marketing mix to meet its requirements.Product that adopts export selling: Coca butterProduct that adopts export marketing: SnickersChoose a product and describe its brand identity: Snickers Brand IdentitySnickers is a candy bar that was first introduced in the United States in 1930. Snickers is a candy bar that is made up of roasted peanuts, nougat, caramel, and milk chocolate. The brand identity of Snickers candy bars is built on the idea that they can alleviate hunger and provide instant energy.
The slogan "You're not you when you're hungry" was introduced in 2010 as part of a marketing campaign that emphasised the candy bar's ability to satisfy hunger and increase energy levels.One example of co-branding that I believe is successful:BMW and Louis Vuitton collaborated to create a high-end luggage collection, which is an example of successful co-branding. The collaboration enabled the two firms to target a niche audience of wealthy travellers who value style, luxury, and quality.One example of co-branding that I believe is not successful:Axe and Lynx deodorants are marketed under different names in different parts of the world, but they are essentially the same product with different packaging. The effort to develop distinct brands that appeal to local consumers through co-branding was unsuccessful in this instance.Local product: Munchy's BiscuitsInternational product: L'Oreal ShampooGlobal product: Nike Shoes
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Woodside Ltd is to issue eurocommercial paper (ECP) into the London euronote market. The 90-day ECP issue has a face value of USD100 million and a yield of 5.75 per cent per annum. Calculate the amount raised on issue by Woodside Ltd.
Euro commercial paper (ECP) is an unsecured, short-term debt instrument issued in the international market by a company in a currency other than its own. It is normally issued at a discount to its face value and is an instrument of less than 1 year.
Euro commercial paper are promissory notes that are intended to provide short-term liquidity funding for multinational corporations as well as banks. To determine the amount raised on issue by Woodside Ltd., we need to calculate the discount on the face value of the ECP. Amount raised on issue by Woodside Ltd. = Face value of ECP - DiscountFace value of ECP = USD 100 million discount = Face value of ECP x Yield x (Days/360)Given that yield = 5.75% per annum and the ECP is a 90-day instrument.
We need to adjust the yield for 90 days in the denominator using the following calculation: Number of days in the ECP / Number of days in a year= 90/360= 1/4Discount = 100,000,000 x 0.0575 x (90/360)Discount = USD 1,437,500Amount raised on issue by Woodside Ltd. = USD 100,000,000 - USD 1,437,500Amount raised on issue by Woodside Ltd. = USD 98,562,500Therefore, Woodside Ltd will raise USD 98,562,500 on issue by the eurocommercial paper (ECP).
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Explain the main causes and consequences of inflation and discuss G.C.C. Countries experience with controlling inflation
Main causes and consequences of inflationInflation is the rate at which the general price level of goods and services in an economy is increasing. Inflation is caused by various factors, including:1. Increase in the Money Supply - When there is an increase in the money supply, it leads to more money chasing fewer goods and services, which leads to an increase in prices.
Increase in Demand - When there is an increase in demand for goods and services, it leads to an increase in prices.3. Decrease in Supply - When there is a decrease in the supply of goods and services, it leads to an increase in prices.4. Increase in Production Costs - When there is an increase in production costs, it leads to an increase in prices.5. Increase in Taxes - When there is an increase in taxes, it leads to an increase in prices.The consequences of inflation include:1. Reduced purchasing power of money - As prices increase, the purchasing power of money decreases.2. Reduced savings - Inflation reduces the value of savings, as the interest rate on savings may not keep up with the rate of inflation.3. Reduced investment - Inflation reduces investment as it is difficult for businesses to predict future prices.
Reduced Economic Growth - Inflation can lead to reduced economic growth as it creates uncertainty in the economy. G.C.C. Countries experience with controlling inflation The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have been relatively successful in controlling inflation. This is due to several factors, including:1. The GCC countries have a fixed exchange rate with the U.S. dollar. This has helped to maintain price stability in the region.2. The GCC countries have a large expatriate population that sends money back to their home countries. This has helped to increase the money supply in the region, which has helped to keep prices stable.3. The GCC countries have a large oil and gas industry. This has helped to increase the money supply in the region, which has helped to keep prices stable.4. The GCC countries have a low level of debt.
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Identify and explain why HR planning is necessary for organization effectiveness. In your explanation, be sure to note some HR practices involved in HR planning, such as forecasting and demand and supply. Please select one demand model and one supply model to illustrate your point.
HR planning is necessary for organizational effectiveness as it ensures that the right number of employees with the required skills are available at the right time.
This involves forecasting future HR needs, determining the demand and supply of employees, and implementing appropriate HR practices. One demand model commonly used is the trend analysis, while a supply model is the internal labor market analysis.
HR planning is essential for organizations to effectively align their human resources with strategic objectives. It helps in identifying the future workforce requirements and developing strategies to meet those needs. HR practices involved in HR planning include forecasting, which involves estimating future demand for employees based on factors such as business growth, market trends, and technological advancements. Demand models like trend analysis analyze historical data to identify patterns and predict future workforce needs.
On the supply side, HR planning involves assessing the availability of internal and external talent. Supply models like internal labor market analysis examine internal talent pools, considering factors such as current workforce composition, skills inventory, and succession planning. This helps in identifying gaps in skills and developing strategies for recruitment, training, and development.
By aligning HR planning with organizational goals, organizations can ensure they have the right people in the right positions, improving productivity, employee engagement, and overall effectiveness.
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Smoky Mountain Corporation makes two types of hiking boots-the Xtreme and the Pathfinder. Data conceming these two product lines appear below: The company has a traditional costing system in which manufacturing overhead is applied to units based on direct labor-hours. Data concerning manufacturing overhead and direct labor-hours for the upcoming year appear below: 1. Compute the product margins for the Xtreme and the Pathfinder products under the company s traditional costing system.
To compute the product margins for the Xtreme and the Pathfinder products under the traditional costing system, we need the following information:
1. Direct material cost per unit for Xtreme: $X
2. Direct material cost per unit for Pathfinder: $Y
3. Direct labor cost per unit for Xtreme: $A
4. Direct labor cost per unit for Pathfinder: $B
5. Manufacturing overhead rate per direct labor-hour: $C
6. Direct labor-hours per unit for Xtreme: D hours
7. Direct labor-hours per unit for Pathfinder: E hours
Using the traditional costing system, the product margins can be calculated as follows:
Product Margin = Selling Price per unit - (Direct Material Cost per unit + Direct Labor Cost per unit + Manufacturing Overhead Cost per unit)
For the Xtreme product:
Direct labor cost per unit = $A
Manufacturing overhead cost per unit = Direct labor-hours per unit for Xtreme * Manufacturing overhead rate per direct labor-hour = D hours * $C
Product Margin for Xtreme = Selling Price per unit - (Direct Material Cost per unit + Direct Labor Cost per unit + Manufacturing Overhead Cost per unit)
= Selling Price per unit - ($X + $A + (D hours * $C))
For the Pathfinder product:
Direct labor cost per unit = $B
Manufacturing overhead cost per unit = Direct labor-hours per unit for Pathfinder * Manufacturing overhead rate per direct labor-hour = E hours * $C
Product Margin for Pathfinder = Selling Price per unit - (Direct Material Cost per unit + Direct Labor Cost per unit + Manufacturing Overhead Cost per unit)
= Selling Price per unit - ($Y + $B + (E hours * $C))
Please note that the specific values for X, Y, A, B, C, D, E, and the Selling Price per unit are not provided in the given information, so you would need to substitute the actual values to calculate the product margins for the Xtreme and Pathfinder products under the traditional costing system.
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Based on our discussion, explain the difference between Z-value and T-value in details
The following are the differences between Z-value and T-value:Z-value: Z-value represents the number of standard deviations that a data point is from the population mean. It is calculated by taking the difference between the value and the mean and dividing it by the standard deviation.
It is only applicable when the population parameters, particularly the population mean and standard deviation, are known.A z-score of 0 indicates that the data point is exactly at the mean of the population, whereas a z-score of 1 indicates that the data point is 1 standard deviation above the mean and a z-score of -1 indicates that the data point is 1 standard deviation below the mean.T-value:T-value is a statistic that is used to test hypotheses regarding a population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown. When the population parameters are unknown, the sample parameters are used to estimate them. The t-value is calculated by dividing the difference between the sample mean and the null hypothesis mean by the standard error of the mean.The standard error of the mean is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution, which is the distribution of sample means. As the sample size increases, the standard error of the mean decreases, resulting in a smaller t-value.
The degrees of freedom (df) for a t-test are determined by the sample size minus one.Thus, the key differences between Z-value and T-value are that z-value is used when population parameters are known while t-value is used when they are unknown. Additionally, z-values are used in the normal distribution, while t-values are used in the student's t-distribution.
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Services differ from products in four ways. Explain how each difference should be addressed by marketing?
Services and products differ in many ways. However, there are four ways in which services differ from products. These include intangibility, inseparability, variability, and perishability.
we shall explain how each difference should be addressed by marketing.
1. Intangibility This is a significant difference between products and services. Unlike products, services are intangible. Meaning, they cannot be seen, touched, tasted, or felt. Therefore, marketers need to make their services more tangible to customers. They can do this by adding physical cues that customers can see and touch. These cues can be in the form of certificates, uniforms, or equipment used in service delivery. By adding physical cues, marketers can make their services more tangible to customers.
2. Inseparability refers to the fact that services are produced and consumed simultaneously. This means that customers are involved in the service delivery process. Therefore, marketers need to ensure that customers are part of the service delivery process. They can do this by training employees to interact with customers in a friendly and professional manner. By doing so, they can create a positive experience for customers and build long-term relationships.
3. Variability Unlike products, services are highly variable. This is because services are delivered by people, and people are prone to errors. Therefore, marketers need to standardize their services to reduce variability. This can be achieved by creating a standardized service delivery process that all employees must follow. By doing so, marketers can ensure that all customers receive the same level of service.
4. Perishability refers to the fact that services cannot be stored. Therefore, marketers need to manage capacity to ensure that they can meet demand. This can be achieved by offering discounts during off-peak seasons to encourage customers to use services during that time. Additionally, marketers can offer promotions to encourage customers to use services during peak times, and even adjust the pricing to regulate demand. By managing capacity, marketers can ensure that they meet customer demand while maximizing profits.
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Why is the marginal cost curve the same basic shape, no matter the product?
The marginal cost (MC) curve is a graphic representation of the total cost (TC) variation as the number of goods produced is changed by one unit.
The MC curve shows the increase in total cost resulting from the production of one additional unit of a good. As the production level increases, the marginal cost of production rises. The marginal cost curve, or the curve representing the additional cost of each unit produced, is an important element in a firm's pricing and production decisions. It can be seen that the MC curve is generally U-shaped.
This shape is prevalent across all industries and firms, regardless of the product or service being produced. This happens because of two important factors: fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed costs, which are the same regardless of the quantity of goods produced, must be distributed across a greater quantity of goods as production increases.
As a result, the marginal cost curve initially decreases as production increases. Variable costs, which increase as the quantity of goods produced increases, have a greater impact on total cost as production increases. This is why the marginal cost curve starts to rise once production levels reach a certain point, as variable costs become more significant than fixed costs.
The marginal cost curve eventually becomes steep and approaches the average total cost curve at the point where the marginal cost curve intersects the average total cost curve, due to the rise in marginal cost as production increases.
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Cedric and Jean-Marie are at their home team pro ice hockey game. Their home team star, Pierre, made two goals in the first period of the three-period game. He sat in the penalty box for much of the second period due to temperamental, overaggressive play. The coach is debating whether to put Pierre back into the game as a forward (usually the leaders in scoring), or as a defenseman (to limit further aggressive behavior). Since Pierre has scored two goals, the crowd cheers for him to be put in as a forward. How should the coach play it? Do all games have a dominant strategy? Why or why not?
The coach should consider the strategic implications of putting Pierre back into the game either as a forward or as a defenseman. Whether there is a dominant strategy depends on the specific circumstances and objectives of the team.
In this scenario, the crowd's preference for Pierre to be put in as a forward might be influenced by his successful scoring in the first period. However, the coach needs to consider the potential risks and benefits of each decision.
If Pierre is put back in as a forward, his scoring ability might contribute to the team's offensive performance. However, given his temperamental and overaggressive behavior, there is a risk that he might repeat his earlier misconduct, potentially resulting in penalties that could harm the team.
On the other hand, if Pierre is placed as a defenseman, it could help limit his aggressive behavior and reduce the chances of penalties. However, this decision might also decrease the team's offensive potential as Pierre's scoring ability would not be utilized in the same way.
Since the optimal decision depends on various factors such as the team's strategy, the coach's evaluation of Pierre's behavior, and the importance of offense versus defense in the specific game, it is difficult to determine if there is a dominant strategy in this situation. The coach needs to carefully assess the trade-offs and make a decision based on the team's overall objectives and the potential impact of Pierre's actions on the game.
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Each of these is an element in composing potentially successful goals. Relevant Special Time-bound Measurable Next Question.
a. Relevant
b. Special
c. Time-bound
d. Measurable
Setting effective goals is important to achieving success. When constructing a potentially effective objective, there are several factors to consider.Relevant, Specific.
The correct statement is D.
Time-bound, and Measurable are the four elements that make up a potentially successful goal.Relevant: The objective should be in line with the organization's overall objectives and goals. It should be important and applicable to the company's mission. A Relevant objective should be set in order to provide value to the company and contribute to its overall success.Specific: A Specific objective should be well-defined and precise. It should be targeted at a certain area of the company and provide clear direction. It should not be broad or vague.Time-bound: A Time-bound objective should have a specific deadline for its completion. It should be time-constrained and targeted towards the company's current and future needs.
A specific timeframe should be established for the objective to be met.Measurable: A Measurable objective should have a method for assessing its success. It should have a clear target to strive for and a way to measure its progress. The objectives should be quantifiable so that the progress can be monitored.Main Answer: The four elements of a potentially effective goal are Relevant, Specific, Time-bound, and Measurable.
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Choose a country of interest to you. Go to the Executive Planet website (www.executiveplanet.com) or another website with cross-cultural comparisons of business etiquette. Read all the information about this country’s business culture and then do the following.
A. Write about the five most intriguing aspects of the culture.
B. Write about the five as aspects of etiquette you would observe when interacting with members of this culture.
C. Choose three relevant cultural dimensions (underlying sets of norms and values) and explain how they impact business etiquette in this country.
D. Write five questions about business etiquette you would like to ask a person from the country you chose.
**ABOUT BRAZIL, PLEASE**
Brazil is one of the largest countries in the world and has a unique culture. In terms of business culture, here are some of the intriguing aspects of Brazil's culture:Brazilian business culture emphasizes relationships and connections.Business is typically conducted in a more relaxed and informal manner.
Business lunches and dinners are common to establish and maintain business relationships.Negotiations are typically more indirect and involve a great deal of discussion before an agreement is reached.Friendship is an important aspect of Brazilian business etiquette.When interacting with members of Brazilian culture, here are the five aspects of etiquette to observe:Brazilian businesspeople value personal relationships and prefer face-to-face meetings over telephone calls or written communication.Business meetings are often scheduled for early morning hours.Seniority and titles are respected in business culture.
Superiors are expected to lead, and subordinates are expected to follow.Individualism vs. collectivism: Brazilian culture is collectivist, which means that people value group harmony over individual needs. As a result, decision-making is often done by consensus, and relationships are highly valued.Long-term orientation: Brazilian culture places a high value on long-term relationships. Because of this, businesspeople tend to take time to establish connections before initiating business negotiations.
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Frontier Corp. sells units for $30, has unit variable costs of $10, and fixed costs of $119,000. Frontier sells 10,000 units. If sales increase 16%, by how much will profits increase? Multiple Choice O 24.69% 39.51% 16.00% 64.20%
Frontier Corp. sells units for $30, has unit variable costs of $10, and fixed costs of $119,000. Frontier sells 10,000 units.
The profit of Frontier Corp can be calculated as follows: Profit = Total revenue - Total cost = Total revenue - (Unit variable cost * Units sold + Fixed costs)Total revenue = Units sold * Sales price = 10,000 units * $30 = $300,000Unit variable cost = $10Fixed cost = $119,000Total cost = 10,000 * $10 + $119,000 = $219,000Profit = $300,000 - $219,000 = $81,000Now, let's calculate the new profit after a 16% increase in sales: New sales = 10,000 + (16% of 10,000) = 11,600New revenue = 11,600 * $30 = $348,000New unit variable cost = $10New fixed cost = $119,000Profit = Total revenue - Total cost New profit = $348,000 - (11,600 * $10 + $119,000)New profit = $348,000 - $235,600 = $112,400Increase in profit = New profit - Old profit Increase in profit = $112,400 - $81,000Increase in profit = $31,400Therefore, the increase in profit is $31,400 Frontier Corp sells units for $30, unit variable costs are $10 and the fixed costs are $119,000.
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Riverbend Clinic measures its activity in terms of patient-visits. In January, the budgeted level of activity was 1.580 patient-visits and the actual level of activity was 1,700 patient-visits. The cost formula for administrative expenses is $2.50 per patient-visit plus $18.400 fixed cost per month. The actual administrative expense for January was $22,875. What was the spending variance for administrative expenses for January? Multiple Choice $525 U $375 U $300 U $225 U
The budgeted level of activity of Riverbend Clinic was 1,580 patient visits, and the actual level of activity was 1,700 patient-visits. The cost formula for administrative expenses is $2.50 per patient-visit plus $18.400 fixed cost per month. The correct answer is $375 U.
The actual administrative expense for January was $22,875. The spending variance for administrative expenses for January is $375 U.Spending variance: Spending variance can be calculated by subtracting actual spending from budgeted spending. It can also be calculated by subtracting the expected value of cost from the actual value of cost. The actual cost is the cost that has been incurred or the actual expense that has been made. The expected cost is the cost that was expected to be made. Let us now calculate the actual cost and the expected cost for Riverbend Clinic in January.Actual Cost:For calculating the actual cost, we have to multiply the actual level of activity (1,700 patient-visits) by the cost per patient visit ($2.50). The fixed cost will remain the same whether the activity level is higher or lower.
Therefore, the actual cost can be calculated as follows: Actual cost = (Actual level of activity * Cost per patient-visit) + Fixed cost Actual cost = (1,700 * $2.50) + $18,400Actual cost = $22,125 Expected Cost:The expected cost can be calculated by multiplying the budgeted level of activity by the cost per patient-visit and then adding the fixed cost. The expected cost can be calculated as follows: Expected cost = (Budgeted level of activity * Cost per patient-visit) + Fixed cost expected cost = (1,580 * $2.50) + $18,400Expected cost = $22,950Spending Variance: Spending Variance = Actual cost - Expected cost= $22,125 - $22,950= -$825Since the actual cost was less than the expected cost, the spending variance is negative.The Spending Variance for administrative expenses for January is $825 F(avorable).Hence, option A is incorrect.
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Q.2.3 In your own words, explain print servers and their importance in an Information (3) system. NOTE: Additional research is advised. Q.2.4 Briefly explain any three reasons for the popularity of each the following (9) a. Memory sticks b. Cloud storage C. CD ROMS Q.2.5 Explain any two advantages organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays have over (2) LCD displays.
In this response, we will discuss the importance of print servers in an information system. Print servers act as intermediaries between computers and printers, managing print requests, and facilitating efficient printing processes. They play a crucial role in networked environments by centralizing print management and providing various benefits such as improved efficiency, enhanced security, and centralized control.
Print servers are devices or software applications that manage print queues, printer connections, and print jobs within a networked environment. They serve as intermediaries between computers and printers, enabling efficient printing processes. The importance of print servers in an information system can be summarized as follows:
Improved Efficiency: Print servers centralize print management, allowing for better coordination of print jobs. They optimize print queues, allocate resources, and schedule print jobs, leading to improved efficiency in printing operations. Users can easily send print requests to the server, which then manages the printing process.
Enhanced Security: Print servers offer enhanced security features. They can authenticate users, control access to printers, and manage print job permissions. By centralizing print management, administrators can implement security measures and monitor print activities more effectively, reducing the risk of unauthorized printing or data breaches.
Centralized Control: Print servers provide centralized control over printing activities. Administrators can monitor printer status, track print usage, and generate reports. This centralized control allows for better resource allocation, cost management, and troubleshooting of printing issues.
In conclusion, print servers play a vital role in an information system by improving efficiency, enhancing security, and providing centralized control over printing operations. They streamline print management processes, ensuring smooth printing workflows in networked environments.
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Select the statement that is not related to short-selling risk.
Recall risk is hard to mitigate as the borrowed securities can be recalled at any time by the lender
Liquidity risk occurs as the securities are not traded on exchanges
Dividend risk means that if the borrowed securities declare dividends, the borrower is obliged to pay the lender the dividend
Market risk involves the risk that the security being shorted will increase in price
The statement that is not related to short-selling risk is Liquidity risk occurs as the securities are not traded on exchanges. However, the other statements are related to short-selling risk.
Market risk involves the risk that the security being shorted will increase in price. Recall risk is hard to mitigate as the borrowed securities can be recalled at any time by the lender. Dividend risk means that if the borrowed securities declare dividends, the borrower is obliged to pay the lender the dividend. The process of short-selling comes with its own set of risks. The primary risk associated with short-selling is market risk. Market risk is associated with the risk that the security being shorted will increase in price and the investor will lose money. Another risk associated with short-selling is recall risk. This risk is hard to mitigate as the borrowed securities can be recalled at any time by the lender. Another risk is dividend risk.
This risk means that if the borrowed securities declare dividends, the borrower is obliged to pay the lender the dividend.
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A company's predetermined overhead rate is applied at 75% of direct labor cost. How much overhead would be allocated to Job No. XYZ if it incurred total direct labor costs of $170,000?
29) Based on the following calendar year information:
Advertising expense ………………………………………
$ 38,800
Depreciation of factory equipment………………
43,000
Depreciation of office equipment………………..
10,800
Direct labor………………………………………………….
150,600
Factory utilities………………………………...............
45,650
Rent on factory building………………………………
51,400
Indirect labor……………………………………………….
30,750
Sales commissions………………………………………..
66,500
Interest expense……………………………….............
3,650
Inventories, January 1:
Raw materials……………………………………….
104,450
Work in Process……………………………………
87,250
Finished goods…………………………............
95,600
Inventories, December 31:
Raw materials………………………………………..
82,300
Work in Process…………………………………….
60,700
Finished goods…………………………………….
101,050
Raw materials purchases…………………………..
332,450
If overhead is applied at the rate of 110% of direct labor costs.
Then from the above information, determine:
a) the amount of actual Overhead incurred during the year;
b) the amount of overhead applied during the year;
c) Was overhead for the year under- or over-applied and by how much?
To find out the overhead allocated to job no. XYZ, when the predetermined overhead rate is applied at 75% of direct labor costs, and it incurred total direct labor costs of $170,000, we need to follow these steps: Predetermined overhead rate is calculated by dividing the estimated overhead costs by the estimated activity base.
The formula to calculate the predetermined overhead rate is: Predetermined Overhead Rate = Estimated Overhead Costs / Estimated Activity Base Where, Estimated Overhead Costs = $214,800 (Total of overhead costs)Estimated Activity Base = $150,600 (Direct labor costs)Predetermined Overhead Rate = $214,800 / $150,600 = 1.425 or 142.5%The amount of overhead allocated to Job No.
XYZ can be calculated using the following formula: Overhead Allocated = Predetermined Overhead Rate x Actual Direct Labor Costs Overhead Allocated = 1.425 x $170,000 = $242,250Therefore, the overhead allocated to Job No. XYZ is $242,250.
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