As an Australian citizen owning 25,000 shares in Reliance Corp operating under the dividend imputation system, you would need to pay $0.34 per share in taxes on the dividends received.
As an Australian citizen owning 25,000 shares in Reliance Corp, which operates in the dividend imputation system, you would be subject to certain tax implications. The corporate tax rate in this scenario is 40%, while your marginal tax rate is 45%.
Under the dividend imputation system, Australian resident shareholders are eligible to receive a tax credit (also known as franking credits) for the corporate tax already paid by the company on the dividends they receive.
These franking credits can be used to offset the shareholder's personal income tax liability.
To calculate the tax payable on the dividends, we need to consider the franking credits and the individual's marginal tax rate. The formula for calculating the tax payable is:
Tax Payable = Dividend * (1 - (Franking Credit / Grossed-up Dividend)) * Marginal Tax Rate
The grossed-up dividend is calculated by dividing the dividend by (1 - Corporate Tax Rate). In this case, the corporate tax rate is 40%.
Let's assume the dividend per share is $1. To calculate the tax payable on the dividends, we first need to determine the franking credits. Since Reliance operates in the dividend imputation system, we can assume that the franking credits are equal to the corporate tax paid on the dividends.
Franking Credit = Dividend * Corporate Tax Rate
Franking Credit= $1 * 40%
Franking Credit = $0.40
Now, we can calculate the grossed-up dividend:
Grossed-up Dividend = Dividend / (1 - Corporate Tax Rate)
Grossed-up Dividend = $1 / (1 - 40%)
Grossed-up Dividend= $1 / 0.6
Grossed-up Dividend = $1.67
Using the formula mentioned earlier, we can calculate the tax payable:
Tax Payable = $1 * (1 - ($0.40 / $1.67)) * 45%
Tax Payable = $1 * (1 - 0.24) * 45%
Tax Payable= $0.76 * 45%
Tax Payable = $0.34
Therefore, the tax payable on the dividends would be $0.34 per share.
In conclusion, as an Australian citizen owning 25,000 shares in Reliance Corp operating under the dividend imputation system, you would need to pay $0.34 per share in taxes on the dividends received.
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Each smartphone or tablet produced by Samsung involves a cost of computer chips, wires, plastic, packaging, and other inputs. These costs represent O a. Total costs Ob. Fixed costs c. Target costs. Od. Variable costs
The correct answer is variable costs.
Variable costs:
Variable costs are those that increase or decrease in proportion to the level of output. This implies that if production increases, variable costs will increase proportionally. Similarly, if production declines, variable costs will decrease proportionally.Each smartphone or tablet produced by Samsung involves a cost of computer chips, wires, plastic, packaging, and other inputs. These costs represent variable costs. These costs are affected by the number of units produced. If the production of smartphones or tablets increases, the costs of computer chips, wires, plastic, packaging, and other inputs would also increase, and vice versa.
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JT faces diminishing marginal returns in the picking of coconuts. In his first hour of picking coconuts, he is able to collect 18. He decides to spend another hour picking coconuts. Which total number of coconuts collected fits the facts of this question? 36 42 30 40 O Use the table below to answer the question. Lemons Limes Country A 30 61 Country B 69 39 Country A and B both start by splitting their efforts equally between lemons and limes and trading nothing with each other, meaning that they each produce exactly half of the quantities listed in the table. What would be the total worldwide gains in limes if both countries decided to specialize and trade? Do not round your answer.
The given statement is, "JT faces diminishing marginal returns in the picking of coconuts. In his first hour of picking coconuts, he is able to collect 18.
Now, JT faces diminishing marginal returns in the picking of coconuts. In his first hour of picking coconuts, he is able to collect 18. So, the number of coconuts picked by JT in the first hour = 18He decides to spend another hour picking coconuts. This time, the total number of coconuts collected will be less than the first hour because of diminishing marginal returns.
In the second hour, the total number of coconuts collected by JT should be less than 18 because of diminishing marginal returns. Therefore, the total number of coconuts collected cannot be 36, 42 or 40.Now, let's see for the option 30:If JT collects 18 coconuts in the first hour and 12 coconuts in the second hour, he will collect 30 coconuts in total.
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the answer is not municipal bonds Which of the following are securities that banks commonly purchase? A) Treasury Bills, Note, and Bonds B) Agency Bonds C) Municipal Bonds D) Mortgage-Backed Bonds E) All of the above F) None of the above
The correct answer is E) All of the above. Banks commonly purchase various types of securities as part of their investment portfolio, including Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds issued by the government (option A).
They also invest in Agency Bonds, which are debt securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (option B). Additionally, banks may invest in Municipal Bonds, which are debt securities issued by state or local governments (option C).
Another type of security banks commonly purchase is Mortgage-Backed Bonds, which are backed by pools of mortgage loans (option D).
Therefore, all of the options listed (A, B, C, and D) are securities that banks commonly purchase, making option E the correct answer.
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Securities that banks commonly purchase is E) All of the above.
Securities that banks commonly purchase include Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds, Agency Bonds, Municipal Bonds, and Mortgage-Backed Bonds. These securities serve as investment instruments for banks, allowing them to earn returns on their funds and manage their portfolios. Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds are issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and are considered low-risk investments. Agency Bonds are issued by government-sponsored enterprises such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Municipal Bonds are issued by state and local governments to fund public projects. Mortgage-Backed Bonds represent pools of mortgage loans and provide banks with exposure to the housing market. Banks often invest in these securities to diversify their holdings and generate income.
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Jay and Kay are a couple with two young children, Mae, aged 9 months and Faye, aged 2. Kay has been on maternity leave and is due to go back to work full time in the local library. Jay is employed full time in a clay workshop. Both parents are in their mid-thirties and live in Grays, Essex. They are looking into arranging childcare once Kay starts work again.
Both children could attend a local nursery full time nearby from Monday to Friday, at a cost of £528 per week for both. Kay also receives child benefit, equating to £1,827.80 per year.
2.1 Jay has the option to work flexibly by halving his hours from 40 to 20 for the next three years. Under this arrangement his monthly gross pay will also halve to £772.
Jay says that if he takes this option, his financial sacrifice might be more than just the £772 per month in lost income over this three-year period. Identify two factors that might cause Jay to have a much larger financial loss over his lifetime if he takes this option of going part-time. (4 marks)
2.2 Kay earns a gross annual income of £20,400 per year, working 40 hours per week. Her employer introduces changes to working practices that will also allow her to reduce her hours and her pay by up to 50%. The household is discussing the short-term opportunity costs of Kay taking the part-time (50%) working option, rather than Jay.
With respect to gross earnings only, briefly explain the short-term opportunity cost of Kay going part-time as opposed to Jay. (2 marks)
2.3 If Jay decides to take the part-time option, this would reduce his net annual income to £9,264. Kay would continue to receive her full-time earnings, which equate to £17,534.16 per year after tax and National Insurance contributions. Mae and Faye would then only attend nursery on a part-time basis at a cost of £264 per week for both of them.
Using the Tax credit calculator where appropriate, calculate the couple’s total tax credit entitlement and their net household income after childcare costs. (4 marks)
2.4 The household is also considering a second option, whether Jay should stay in full-time employment, with the children going to nursery full time. Jay’s income net of tax and National Insurance would then be £16,261.20.
Using the Tax credit calculator where appropriate, work out their tax credit entitlements and net household income after childcare under this option, and compare the short-term financial situation of the household with the previous option (i.e. Jay going part time; see your answer to Question 2.3). (5 marks)
Two factors that might cause Jay to have a much larger financial loss over his lifetime if he takes this option of going part-time are as follows:Reduced pension contributions: Jay’s pension contributions are often calculated on a percentage of his earnings.
Since he will be earning less, he will be contributing less to his pension. This will reduce his pension income in the future and is a major disadvantage to going part-time. Reduced career prospects: Working part-time can make it difficult to advance in one’s career.
Furthermore, returning to full-time work can be difficult after an extended period of part-time work, especially in jobs that require a high level of specialization. Jay's career prospects may be limited in the future due to the decision he makes today.
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This is an individual assignment. Select one of the following companies for your case study assignment:
McDonald’s
Marriott
Tim Horton’s
Air Canada
The Keg
TripCentral.ca
Carnival Cruise Line
Fairmont
Best Western
Etihad Airways
Wahlburgers
Contiki Tours
Once you have chosen your company, do some research and using the information that you found, along with your own analysis based on what you’ve learned from the course lessons so far, include the following information:
Provide a very brief introduction and background of the company you have chosen. This only needs to be a short paragraph for this assignment.
What type of strategies does the company currently use? The company likely follows a variety of different types of strategies, but for this assignment identify ONE type of strategy from the options below and explain.
Corporate level (diversified business? diversified markets? etc.)
Network level (strategic alliances? franchise? management contract?)
Business level (positioning? access-based, variety based, cost leadership, etc?)
Who are the company’s main competitors? The company will have many direct and indirect competitors. Identify which companies would be considered their MAIN direct competitors and provide and explanation of why they are considered main competitors. In your answer, you can consider things such as similar pricing, similar products/services, similar markets, etc.
You must demonstrate a high level of thinking and analysis, clarity of thought and overall organization and professionalism.
Writing Guidelines
Write your assignment using complete sentences and proper paragraph structure and headings where appropriate. Use correct grammar, spelling, and syntax. Include a cover page, and proper bibliography and in-text citations.
Spelling and grammar do count so make sure that you leave enough time to have someone review your assignment to help you fix any problems.
If you find information from another source, be sure to cite your sources accordingly with a proper Bibliography AND in-text citations. Each outside source that you use must be cited as both an in-text citation AND in the bibliography. Please review all of the content under the Academic Integrity folder under the Course Information menu tab.
For this case study assignment, I have chosen McDonald's as the company to analyze. McDonald's is a global fast food chain that is recognized for its hamburgers, french fries, and other fast food items. It operates in numerous countries and has a strong presence in the global fast food market.
McDonald's employs a variety of strategies to maintain its competitive position in the market. One key strategy it uses is business-level positioning.
McDonald's positions itself as a convenient and affordable fast food option for customers, emphasizing its quick service and value pricing. It focuses on providing a consistent menu and experience across its locations, ensuring that customers can expect the same quality and taste wherever they visit.
In terms of competitors, McDonald's faces competition from other fast food chains such as Burger King, Wendy's, and KFC. These companies are considered main competitors as they offer similar products, target similar customer segments, and compete for market share in the fast food industry.
They often have comparable pricing strategies and engage in promotional activities to attract customers.
McDonald's also faces indirect competition from healthier food options and changing consumer preferences, which have led to increased demand for healthier alternatives. To address this, McDonald's has introduced healthier menu options and made efforts to improve the quality of its ingredients.
Overall, McDonald's employs a business-level positioning strategy, competes with other major fast food chains, and addresses evolving consumer preferences in the industry.
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IBM purchased computer chips from NEC, a Japanese electronics concern, and was billed ¥230 million payable in six months. Currently, the spot USD/JPY rate is 109 and the six-month forward rate is 103. The six-month money market interest rate is 5.9 percent per annum in the U.S. and 2.5 percent per annum in Japan. The management of IBM decided to use the money market hedge to deal with this yen account payable. Calculate today's dollar cost of meeting this yen obligation. (USD, no cents)
Selected Answer: 1,812,210
Correct Answer: 2,084,041 ± 1
In the given question, IBM purchased computer chips from NEC, a Japanese electronics concern, and was billed ¥230 million payable in six months. The spot USD/JPY rate is 109 and the six-month forward rate is 103.the six-month money market interest rate is 5.9% per annum in the U.S. and 2.5% per annum in Japan. The management of IBM decided to use the money market hedge to deal with this yen account payable. The calculation of today's dollar cost of meeting this yen obligation is as follows: Calculation of Forward Exchange Rate:
1 USD = 109 JPY Selling 6-month forward rate = 103 JPY/USD (as given) Calculation of Forward Discount: Forward Discount = (Spot Rate – Forward Rate) / Spot Rate= (1/109 – 1/103) / (1/109)= 0.053 or 5.3%
Money Market Hedge: In a money market hedge, the company borrows the required amount at the domestic interest rate and converts it into foreign currency by purchasing it on the spot market. This foreign currency is invested in a foreign interest-bearing account until the payables become due. The first step is to calculate the yen payable in dollars, and then borrow the required amount in dollars and convert them into yen at the spot rate. The yen is invested in the yen-denominated account. The amount in the yen account will increase to ¥238.527 million in six months. The second step is to convert this yen amount into dollars using the forward rate of ¥103/$1. The dollar amount received would be $2,318,602. The dollar cost of meeting this yen obligation today would be $2,318,602. Thus, IBM will need to pay $2,318,602 to meet its yen obligation today. In conclusion, IBM will have to pay $2,318,602 to meet its yen obligation today by using a money market hedge. The money market hedge is an effective strategy that helps organizations to manage their currency risks by eliminating currency risk.
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The supply chain manager for Kockin Irdustries, Sean Winoma, nou developed the data shown in the table below for two vendors. Based on the weights and rankings shown which is the preferred vstoon? Click the icon to view the additional information The weighted total for Joglekar Technology in or your response as a whole number). The weighted totalt for men Systems is center your response as a whole number Which is the preferred vendor? Choose the correct answer below OAJoglekar Technology is the preferred vendor OB Both vendors are equal preferable C. Samson Systems is the preferred vendor More Info JOGLEKAR SIEMSEN SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGY, LLC INC. SCORE (1-5) SCORE (1-5) VENDOR CRITERION WEIGHT (5 HIGHEST) (5 HIGHEST) Engineering Competence 20 3 5 Process Capability 18 3 2 Cost 12 3 3 Quality 20 4 Performance to Schedule 15 5 After-Sales Service 15 3 Total 100 Notice that the weights in this problem are expressed in whole units (that sum to 100), not percentages, so each supplier's total score will be between 100 and 500.
The correct option is OA Joglekar Technology is the preferred vendor.
The preferred vendor is Joglekar Technology. Given below is the calculation of the weighted total for both the vendors:
Joglekar Technology: The sum of the product of each criterion score and its corresponding weight for Joglekar Technology is calculated as follows:
Engineering competence: (20 × 3) = 60
Process capability: (18 × 3) = 54
Cost: (12 × 3) = 36
Quality: (20 × 4) = 80
Performance to schedule: (15 × 5) = 75
After-sales service: (15 × 3) = 45
The sum of these weighted scores is 60 + 54 + 36 + 80 + 75 + 45 = 350. Therefore, the weighted total for Joglekar Technology is 350.
Samson Systems: The sum of the product of each criterion score and its corresponding weight for Samson Systems is calculated as follows:
Engineering competence: (20 × 5) = 100
Process capability: (18 × 2) = 36Cost: (12 × 3) = 36
Quality: (20 × 3) = 60
Performance to schedule: (15 × 4) = 60
After-sales service: (15 × 3) = 45
The sum of these weighted scores is 100 + 36 + 36 + 60 + 60 + 45 = 337.
Therefore, the weighted total for Samson Systems is 337. Since Joglekar Technology has a higher weighted total (350 > 337), it is the preferred vendor.
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Groupon is an American daily deals website that offers "Groupons" or "group coupons", for a limited amount
of time which will only become active once a pre-determined number of people commit to purchasing the
advertised product or service. Known as a famous e-commerce marketplace connecting local businesses with
consumers through discounts and the undisputed leader in social discounts.
Groupon partners with small businesses offering effective marketing. Groupon then helps the business
owner come up with a featured offer and for a slice of the sales, Groupon delivers an audience of people
who are interested in getting deals. Furthermore, Groupon encourages the customers to share the
promotion with friends on social networking sites. In the event few people choose to buy a particular deal,
each subscriber to Groupon will at least be aware of the small business’ company name and being featured
on Groupon gives the business a degree of credibility.
Since its founding in Chicago in 2008, Groupon has entered many international markets including Germany,
India, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, ad South Africa. Naturally, Groupon tried to build up its global
presence by deciding to enter the Chinese market, believing that they could acquire a local competitor,
LaShou. However, LaShou rejected, and Groupon proceeded to start a joint venture with Tencent called
Gaopeng. Groupon entered China in February 2011. Within seven months, Groupon had accumulated
$46.4M in net losses with just $2.1M in revenue.
Groupon as a joint venture
The notion of a joint venture for Groupon was strange at first, considering that their usual strategy is to
acquire existing clone sites when entering a new market, like they did for India, Singapore, and Taiwan.
However, to penetrate into a market where many foreign companies have been defeated, partnering up with
China's Internet giant, Tencent, seemed an ingenious idea. Tencent's instant messaging service, QQ, at the
time, had over 630 million active users in China, a number that proves how large Tencent and the potential
market Groupon will be trying to breach is.
Q1Partners in an alliance should be aware of the various risks involved. What probable risks were faced by Amazon and Future Group? What can they do to safeguard against those risks?
Partners in an alliance should be aware of the various risks involved. The probable risks faced by Amazon and Future Group are as follows:1. Brand dilution or dilution of image2. Co-branding may lead to cannibalization3. Concerns regarding management or governance structure4. Financial risks5. Risk of strategic mistakes6. Cultural differences7. Regulatory risks and legal liabilities.
The following steps can be taken to safeguard against the above-mentioned risks:1. Companies can develop clear policies and guidelines regarding branding and co-branding.2. The companies can provide differentiated products and services to ensure that the co-branding strategy does not lead to cannibalization.3. The management structure should be clearly defined, and policies should be put in place to prevent conflicts of interest.4. Companies must have a well-defined strategic plan that is flexible enough to adapt to changing market conditions.5. Both companies should invest in training programs to ensure that employees understand the cultural differences and work effectively together.6. Regulatory risks and legal liabilities can be minimized through careful compliance with relevant laws and regulations.
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Zahari runs fitness centers in Penang and Kangar, each center generating its own cash inflows and is accounted as a cash generating unit. As at 31 October 2012, the value in use and its fair value less selling costs of the Kangar center were determined to be RM9,000,000 and RM10,500,000 respectively. The recoverable amount of the building was RM5,000,000. On the same date, the net identifiable assets of the center in Kangar comprise of the following:
Building RM
Furniture and 4,800,000
fittings 2,000,000
Goodwill 900,000
Equipment 6,200,000
Trade receivables 300,000
Bank overdraft (75,000)
Required:
a. Discuss whether there will be impairment loss for the building.
b. Determine the impairment loss and the new carrying amount of the assets in the cash generating unit. Show all workings. Round up your answers to the nearest RM.
c. Discuss how the reversal of impairment loss should be treated if any.
a. Yes, there will be an impairment loss for the building. This is because the recoverable amount of the building (RM5,000,000) is lower than its carrying amount (RM9,000,000).
b. To determine the impairment loss and new carrying amount of the assets in the cash generating unit, we compare the recoverable amount (RM5,000,000) with the carrying amount of the assets. The carrying amount of the assets is the sum of their individual carrying amounts, which are:
Building: RM9,000,000
Furniture and fittings: RM4,800,000
Goodwill: RM900,000
Equipment: RM6,200,000
Trade receivables: RM300,000
Bank overdraft: RM75,000 (since it is a liability, it is subtracted)
The total carrying amount is RM21,225,000 (9,000,000 + 4,800,000 + 900,000 + 6,200,000 + 300,000 - 75,000).
Since the recoverable amount (RM5,000,000) is lower than the carrying amount (RM21,225,000), there is an impairment loss. The impairment loss is the excess of the carrying amount over the recoverable amount, which is RM16,225,000 (21,225,000 - 5,000,000). The new carrying amount of the assets in the cash generating unit would be RM5,000,000 (the recoverable amount).
c. The reversal of impairment loss should be treated in the following manner: If there is an indication that the impairment loss has reversed, the carrying amount of the cash generating unit's assets should be increased to their recoverable amount, up to the amount that would have been determined if no impairment loss had been recognized in prior years. Any reversal of impairment loss should be recognized as income in the profit and loss statement, up to the amount of the original impairment loss. However, the reversal should not exceed the carrying amount of the asset that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.
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Consider the following capital structure for a particular firm along with the cost of each source of capital Debt 35% Preferred Stock 10% Equity 55% The company's tax rate is 32%. What is the firm's weighted average cost of capital? Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places in decimal form (ex: 2020). Type your answer..... 5.1% 7% 12%
The following capital structure for a particular firm along with the cost of each source of capital Debt 35% Preferred Stock 10% Equity 55% The firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 7%.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is calculated by multiplying the cost of each source of capital by its respective weight, summing up these values, and adjusting for the tax rate. In this case, the cost of debt is 35%, the cost of preferred stock is 10%, and the cost of equity is 55%. The weights assigned to each source of capital are 35%, 10%, and 55%, respectively. To calculate the WACC, we multiply each cost by its weight, sum up these values, and adjust for the tax rate. Therefore, the WACC is (0.35 × 0.35) + (0.10 × 0.10) + (0.55 × 0.55) × (1 - 0.32) = 0.1225 × 0.68 = 0.0833 or 8.33%. Rounded to four decimal places, the WACC is 7%.
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Here are data on two companies. The T-bill rate is 4% and the market risk premium is 6%.
Company $1 Discount Store Everything $5
Forecast return 12% 11%
Standard deviation of returns 8% 10%
Beta 1.5 1.0
What would be the fair return for each company, according to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM)?
Company Expected Return
$1 Discount Store %
Everything $5 %
The answer is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the fair return for Company $1, Discount Store is 13%, and for Company Everything $5, it is 10%.
The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) provides the estimated required return on a company's equity. This model requires investors to consider two factors: risk and return, as stated in the question, and it is expressed by the equation: ke = Rf + β(RM − Rf).
Where,
ke = expected rate of return for a security
Rf = risk-free rate
β = beta of a security
RM = expected market return
Given the data provided, Company 1 has a beta of 1.5, while Company Everything $5 has a beta of 1.0. The risk-free rate is 4%, and the market risk premium is 6%.
Applying these values to the CAPM formula for each company provides:
For Company $1 Discount Store, ke = 4% + 1.5(6%) = 13%.
Therefore, the expected return is 13%.
For Company Everything $5, ke = 4% + 1.0(6%) = 10%.
Therefore, the expected return is 10%.
Therefore, according to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the fair return for Company $1 Discount Store is 13%, and for Company Everything $5, it is 10%.
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Which of the following is NOT a tool of liquidity management for banks in case of a large deposit outflow? a. Borrow from other banks. b. Borrow from the Fed. c. Sell some of the securities. d. Reduce the amount of loans. e. Reduce the amount of bank capital.
The tool of liquidity management for banks in case of a large deposit outflow that is not correct is "Reduce the amount of bank capital." The correct answer is option (e).
Bank capital is the foundation on which banks function, and reducing the amount of capital to combat a deposit outflow would be a hazardous strategy. A bank's ability to absorb losses without failing is referred to as its capital adequacy.Liquidity management refers to a bank's ability to manage its balance sheet to meet its short-term obligations when they fall due.
Liquidity risk is the risk of not being able to meet one's obligations when they fall due or only being able to meet them at excessive expense. Below are the tools of liquidity management for banks in case of a large deposit outflow:Borrow from other banks.Borrow from the Fed.Sell some of the securities.Reduce the amount of loans.Reducing the amount of bank capital. Hence, option (e) is the correct answer.
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Bodley believes that "progress" should be measured by
a. a country's GNP
b. the amount of transitional trade
c. the minimum wage for the poorest worker
d. the country's ability to care for its people physically and psychologically
According to the anthropologist Brian M. Bodley, progress should be measured by the country's ability to care for its people physically and psychologically. The anthropologist is of the opinion that economic progress should not be the sole standard of progress.
As per him, the economic development of a country should be judged by its ability to provide citizens with the necessary means to improve their health, well-being, and quality of life. A country's wealth, according to Bodley, is only valuable if it is used to enhance the well-being of its people.Bodley believes that industrialization and urbanization have resulted in widespread poverty and inequality. Poverty, according to him, results in a host of social ills, including crime, disease, and moral decay. As a result, he urges societies to emphasize human values and to strive for a better quality of life for all their citizens, not just a few. Furthermore, he claims that progress can only be achieved if citizens are empowered to participate in the decisions that affect their lives. He asserts that participatory democracy is an important component of progress and a means of ensuring that citizens have a say in their government.
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The following is the cash book and bank statement of E Flynn for the month of December 2019. Cash Book 2019 6-Dec J Hall 20-Dec C Walters 31-Dec P Miller 31-Dec Balance c/d 2019 $ 155.00 1-Dec Balance b/f $189.00 10-Dec P Wood $211.00 18-Dec N Roberts $3,922.00 29-Dec P Phillips $4,477.00 2019 DETAILS 1-Dec Balance b/f 6-Dec Cheque 11-Dec P Wood 20-Dec Cheque 22-Dec N Roberts 30-Dec Standing Order i) Bank Statement 31-Dec K Saunders 31-Dec Bank Charges 31-Dec J Hall $4,477.00 1-Jan Balance b/d $3,922.00 DR 206 315 200 65 155 $3,872.00 $ 206.00 $315.00 $ 84.00 CR BALANCE 3,872 OD 155 3,717 OD 3,923 OD 189 3,734 OD 4,049 OD 4,249 OD 180 4,069 OD 4,134 OD 4,289 OD Please prepare the updated Cash Book for E Flynn. ii) Please prepare the Bank Reconciliation Statement for E Flynn. 10mks. 10mks.
Updated Cash Book for E Flynn: Date | Details | Cash | Bank | Date | Details | Cash | Bank
2019 | Balance b/f | $189 | - | 1-Jan | Balance b/d | - | $3,922
6-Dec | J Hall | $155 | - | 20-Dec | C Walters | - | $4,477
10-Dec | P Wood | $211 | - | 31-Dec | P Miller | - | $4,069
18-Dec | N Roberts | - | $3,922 | 31-Dec | Balance c/d | $155 | -
Bank Reconciliation Statement for E Flynn:
Balance as per Cash Book: $155
Add: Outstanding Deposits:
N Roberts: $3,922
P Phillips: $4,477
Total: $8,399
Less: Outstanding Checks:
J Hall: $206
P Wood: $315
C Walters: $84
K Saunders: $180
Total: $785
Adjusted Bank Balance: $8,399 - $785 = $7,614
Balance as per Bank Statement: $4,289
Discrepancy: Adjusted Bank Balance - Balance as per Bank Statement
$7,614 - $4,289 = $3,325
Bank Reconciliation Statement:
Balance as per Bank Statement: $4,289
Add: Discrepancy: $3,325
Adjusted Bank Balance: $7,614
Note: The Bank Reconciliation Statement is used to reconcile the differences between the Cash Book balance and the Bank Statement balance by taking into account outstanding deposits and checks, as well as any additional bank charges or interest. In this case, the adjusted bank balance is higher than the balance as per the Bank Statement, indicating that there are outstanding deposits that have not yet been recorded in the Bank Statement.
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In modern businesses, Human Resources Department (HRD) can play a significant role in promoting corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability, and business ethics. It is also revealed by several research that these three areas are closely interrelated parts in the same system (e.g., Ardichvili, 2011). However, to understand the role of HRD in CSR, sustainability, and ethics business organizations should pay the equal attention to environmental, economic, and social (human impact of corporate activity) elements. Therefore, there is a need to understand or investigations of the role of HRD in promoting CSR, sustainability, and ethics in business organizations. To fulfill these requirements, address the following question through the review of the related literature from academic journals: • What is the role of Human Resources Department (HRD) in promoting CSR, sustainability, and ethical business behavior in the organization?
Human Resource Department (HRD) can play a significant role in promoting corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability, and business ethics.
HRD can help organizations accomplish these tasks by various methods, including communication, providing training and development programs, and participating in initiatives that emphasize CSR, sustainability, and ethical business conduct. To promote CSR, sustainability, and ethical business behavior in an organization, HRD can play a significant role by focusing on the following aspects:1. Training and Development ProgramsHRD can develop training and development programs that are focused on improving employees’ understanding of CSR, sustainability, and ethical business behavior.2. Recruitment and Selection ProcessHRD can develop recruitment and selection processes that are focused on hiring employees who share the organization’s values in relation to CSR, sustainability, and ethical business behavior.3. CommunicationHRD can facilitate communication channels between employees, departments, and external stakeholders to ensure that the organization's CSR, sustainability, and ethical business behavior policies and practices are disseminated and understood.4. ComplianceHRD can work with other departments to ensure that the organization complies with environmental, economic, and social regulations to ensure CSR, sustainability, and ethical business behavior.5. Reward and RecognitionHRD can develop reward and recognition programs that acknowledge employees who demonstrate positive behavior with respect to CSR, sustainability, and ethical business conduct. By doing so, HRD plays a vital role in promoting CSR, sustainability, and ethical business conduct in organizations.In summary, HRD can promote CSR, sustainability, and ethical business conduct in organizations by developing training and development programs, recruitment and selection processes, facilitating communication, ensuring compliance, and developing reward and recognition programs.
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1. Describe the journal entries required to record the issuance of bonds at par and the payment of bond interest. 2. What are the four standards for comparisons in financial analysis? Give an example of each.
1. Journal entries required to record the issuance of bond at par and the payment of bond interest:
bonds at par:When bonds are issued at their face value or par value, the following journal entry is recorded:
Debit: Cash (the amount received from the issuance)
Credit: Bonds Payable (the face value of the bonds)
b. Payment of bond interest:When the periodic interest payment on bonds is made, the following journal entry is recorded:
Debit: Interest Expense (the amount of interest being paid)
Credit: Cash (the amount of interest payment)
It is important to note that these entries are simplified examples, and additional entries may be required depending on the specific terms and conditions of the bond issuance.
2. The four standards for comparisons in financial analysis are:
a. Liquidity: Liquidity measures a company's ability to meet short-term obligations. One example is the current ratio, which compares current assets to current liabilities. A higher current ratio indicates better liquidity.
b. Solvency: Solvency examines a company's long-term financial stability and ability to meet its long-term obligations. One example is the debt-to-equity ratio, which compares a company's total debt to its shareholders' equity. A lower debt-to-equity ratio indicates better solvency.
c. Profitability: Profitability measures a company's ability to generate profits from its operations. One example is the return on equity (ROE), which calculates the net income as a percentage of shareholders' equity. A higher ROE indicates better profitability.
d. Efficiency: Efficiency assesses how effectively a company utilizes its resources to generate sales and profits. One example is the inventory turnover ratio, which measures how quickly a company sells its inventory. A higher inventory turnover ratio indicates more efficient inventory management.
These are just a few examples, and there are various other ratios and standards used in financial analysis to evaluate different aspects of a company's performance and financial health.
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J Corp. reported the following: Units: 641 Sales $3386 Variable Costs $471 Fixed Costs $162 Compute the safety of margin in dollars ONLY round your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations. 3,197.83 1 points If a company's sales are $35771, variable expenses are $2111, and the fixed expenses total $2442 per period, by what dollar amount will net operating income change if sales are expected to increase by $11217 Round ONLY your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations. State your answer as negative for decreases Question 11 J Corp. reported the following: Units: 538 Sales $4242 Variable Costs $383 Fixed Costs $303 Compute the dollar sales required to earn a target profit of 1 ONLY round your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations. 3 Corp. reported the following: Units: 378 Sales $4062 Variable Costs $508 Fixed Costs $573 If the company reduces its selling price by $7 per unit to generate more sales AND increase advertising by 90 AND expects the number of units sold to increase by 714 units, what would be the impact to net income? Round ONLY your final answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate computations. Note decreases as a negative number
1. Safety Margin: The safety margin in dollars is $3,197.83.
2. Net Operating Income Change: The net operating income will increase by $4,234 if sales increase by $11,217.
3. Dollar Sales for Target Profit: The company would need to achieve sales of $5,242 to earn a target profit of $1.
4. Impact on Net Income: If the selling price decreases by $7 per unit, advertising increases by $90, and units sold increase by 714, the net income would decrease by $2,449.26.
1. Safety Margin: The safety margin is calculated by subtracting the total variable and fixed costs from the sales. In this case, the safety margin is $3,197.83 ($3,386 - $471 - $162).
2. Net Operating Income Change: To determine the change in net operating income, we subtract the current sales, variable expenses, and fixed expenses from the expected sales. In this case, the net operating income would increase by $4,234 ($11,217 - $2,111 - $2,442).
3. Dollar Sales for Target Profit: To calculate the dollar sales required to earn a target profit, we add the target profit to the variable and fixed costs, and divide the sum by the contribution margin ratio. In this case, the dollar sales required would be $5,242.
4. Impact on Net Income: To determine the impact on net income, we calculate the change in contribution margin by multiplying the decrease in selling price by the increase in units sold. We then subtract the increase in advertising from the change in contribution margin. In this case, the net income would decrease by $2,449.26.
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Bobby Duvall is having a busy afternoon working at the Super Cool ice cream shop. He is the only employee working because his co-worker for this shift has called in sick. It is a hot summer day and a customer arrives every five minutes on average. Bobby takes an average of four minutes to serve a customer. Assume M/M/1 and FIFO queuing system and no limits on queue size. Select the best choice. O a. Since his average service capacity is greater than the average customer demand, Bobby is never busy at the Super Cool ice cream place. b. Bobby is busy about 85% of the time at the Super Cool ice cream place. c. Bobby is busy about 25% of the time at the Super Cool ice cream place. O d. Bobby is idle (i.e., not busy) about 20% of the time at the Super Cool ice cream place.
According to an M/M/1 queuing system, Bobby is busy about 25% of the time at the Super Cool ice cream place, indicating that he is idle approximately 20% of the time.
The correct choice is c. Bobby is busy about 25% of the time at the Super Cool ice cream place. In an M/M/1 queuing system, where the arrival rate follows a Poisson distribution and the service time follows an exponential distribution, the system utilization (ρ) can be calculated as the ratio of the arrival rate to the service rate. In this case, the arrival rate is 1 customer every 5 minutes and the service rate is 1 customer every 4 minutes. Therefore, ρ = (1/5)/(1/4) = 4/5 = 0.8.
The system utilization represents the proportion of time that the server is busy. In this case, it means that Bobby is busy approximately 80% of the time. Since there is only one server (Bobby) and no limits on queue size, this utilization also represents the proportion of time that the server is occupied serving customers. Therefore, Bobby is busy about 80% of the time, which translates to 25% of the time being idle.
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Carla Vista Farms reports the following results for the month of November: Sales (11,100 units) Variable costs Contribution margin Fixed costs Net income $699,300 488,400 210,900 122.100 Management is considering the following independent courses of action to increase net income. Course $88,800 1. Increase selling price by 5% with no change in total variable costs. 2. Reduce variable costs to 66% of sales. 3. Reduce fixed costs by $10,000. Calculate net income for the above courses of action. 3. Reduce fixed cost 1. Increase selling price 2. Reduce variable cost to GA A Net Income 734265 488400 122100 Net income Management is considering the following independent courses of action to increase net income. 1. Increase selling price by 5% with no change in total variable costs. 2. Reduce variable costs to 66%% of sales. 3. Reduce fixed costs by $10,000. $ 88,800 Calculate net income for the above courses of action. Course 1. Increase selling price $ 2. Reduce variable cost $ 3. Reduce fixed cost Best course of action is $ Net Income 734265 488
To calculate the net income for each course of action, we need to apply the given changes to the original results.
Course 1: Increase selling price by 5% with no change in total variable costs.
Increase in selling price: 5% of $699,300 = $34,965
New sales revenue: $699,300 + $34,965 = $734,265
New net income: $734,265 - $488,400 (variable costs) - $122,100 (fixed costs) = $123,765
Course 2: Reduce variable costs to 66% of sales.
New variable costs: 66% of $699,300 = $461,598
New contribution margin: $699,300 - $461,598 = $237,702
New net income: $237,702 - $122,100 (fixed costs) = $115,602
Course 3: Reduce fixed costs by $10,000.
New fixed costs: $122,100 - $10,000 = $112,100
New net income: $699,300 (sales) - $488,400 (variable costs) - $112,100 (fixed costs) = $98,800
Based on the calculations, the net income for each course of action is as follows:
Increase selling price: $123,765
Reduce variable costs: $115,602
Reduce fixed costs: $98,800
The best course of action, in terms of maximizing net income, would be to increase the selling price by 5% with no change in total variable costs, resulting in a net income of $123,765.
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What are the key strategic HR decisions that may have contributed to Amazons success.
How does the use of social media help and revise the whole approach regarding recruitment.
What is the motivation Amazon give to prospective candidates.
Key strategic HR decisions that may have contributed to Amazon's success include their emphasis on hiring top talent, fostering a customer-centric culture, and implementing innovative performance management systems.
The use of social media has revolutionized recruitment by providing a broader reach, enhancing employer branding, and facilitating candidate engagement. Amazon's motivation for prospective candidates lies in their commitment to providing challenging work, opportunities for growth and development, and a competitive compensation and benefits package.
Amazon's success can be attributed to several key strategic HR decisions. Firstly, their focus on hiring top talent ensures that they have skilled and motivated employees driving the company forward. Additionally, Amazon's customer-centric culture promotes a strong sense of purpose and aligns employees' efforts with delivering excellent customer experiences. The company's innovative performance management systems, such as their "Leadership Principles," guide employee behavior and help foster a high-performance culture.
The use of social media has transformed the recruitment landscape for Amazon and many other organizations. It allows them to reach a larger pool of potential candidates and showcase their employer brand to a wider audience. Social media platforms provide avenues for engaging with candidates directly, building relationships, and sharing information about job opportunities. This facilitates a more efficient and effective recruitment process.
Amazon motivates prospective candidates by offering challenging and meaningful work that allows individuals to have an impact and make a difference. The company also emphasizes continuous learning and development, providing opportunities for personal and professional growth. Amazon's competitive compensation and benefits package, which includes competitive salaries, stock options, and comprehensive health and wellness programs, also serves as a strong motivator for potential candidates.
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_ (blank) _ helps organizations manage portfolios of projects and dependencies among them as well as compare proposals and projects against budgets and resource capacity levels to determine the optimal mix and sequencing of projects to achieve strategic goals. Select one: a. scoring model b. TCO c. risk management d. integration tools e. project portfolio management software
Project Portfolio Management (PPM) software helps organizations manage portfolios of projects and dependencies among them as well as compare proposals and projects against budgets and resource capacity levels to determine the optimal mix and sequencing of projects to achieve strategic goals.
PPM software enables organizations to analyze all their project-related data and make informed business decisions. It provides an excellent platform for optimizing resource allocation, ensuring all the organization's projects are aligned with its business objectives, and improving project delivery efficiency. PPM software offers numerous features that enable users to track the status of projects, manage resources, and collaborate with team members, among others.
It streamlines the process of managing projects by creating an integrated view of the project portfolios and providing real-time data on resource utilization, project schedules, and budgets. PPM software allows organizations to prioritize their projects by comparing them against their budgets and resource capacity levels to determine the best mix and sequencing of projects to achieve their strategic objectives.
It helps to increase the efficiency of project delivery by improving the allocation of resources, enabling better communication and collaboration among team members, and enhancing project tracking and reporting capabilities. In conclusion, PPM software provides a central repository for project data, enabling users to make informed decisions about their project portfolios, optimize resource allocation, and align their projects with their business goals and objectives.
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The following table contains information of six jobs that are awaiting processing at a work center.
Job Job Processing Time (Days) Job Due Date (Days)
a 12 20
b 4 15
c 15 22
d 8 25
e 7 18
f 9 28
1. [9 marks] Sequence the jobs using (1) SPT, (2) EDD, and (3) CR (please provide the detailed procedure).
2. [11 marks] For each of the methods in part 1, determine (a) the average job áow time; (b) the average tardiness, and (c) the average number of jobs at the work center. Which schedule rule should be used under each of the three measures of e§ectiveness?
The answers to all the questions are as follows:
1. SPT: Shortest Processing Time
First, jobs are arranged in ascending order of processing time.
Ascending order is:Job b, e, d, f, a, and c.
2. EDD: Earliest Due Date
First, the due date of each job is calculated, and then the jobs are arranged in ascending order of the due date. Ascending order is:Job b, e, a, c, d, and f.
3. CR:Critical Ratio
First, the critical ratio for each job is calculated using the following formula:
Critical Ratio = (Due date - Today's date) / Processing Time
Then, jobs are arranged in descending order of critical ratio.
Descending order is:Job e, f, b, d, c, and a.
2. Schedule Rule
Average job flow time is the amount of time spent by a job at a workstation. It is determined by calculating the sum of the processing times of all jobs divided by the total number of jobs.The average job tardiness is the total tardiness of all jobs divided by the total number of jobs.The average number of jobs at the work center is the total number of jobs divided by the processing time of the last job.
Part 1 Scheduling Method
Part 2 Scheduling Method Average job áow time Average tardiness Average number of jobs at work center
Schedule rule SPT a. 9.17 b. 2.50 c. 2.33 The schedule rule for SPT should be used under all three measures of effectiveness.
Schedule rule EDD a. 11.17 b. 5.67 c. 2.67 The schedule rule for EDD should be used under the average job flow time and the average number of jobs at the work center. The schedule rule for CR should be used under the average tardiness measure of effectiveness.Schedule rule CR a. 11.67 b. 7.50 c. 2.67 The schedule rule for CR should be used under all three measures of effectiveness.
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Ask Andrews Corporation uses the weighted-average method of process costing. The following information is available for February in its Polishing Department: Equivalent units of production-direct materials Equivalent units of production-conversion Costs in beginning Work in Process-direct materials Costs in beginning Work in Process-conversion Costs incurred in February-direct materials Costs incurred in February-conversion The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is: Multiple Choice O O O $4.51 $5.05 $10.19 121,000 EUP 104,400 EUP $ 64,600 $ 47,500 $546,300 686, 200 27 00:44:06 Ask The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is: Multiple Choice O O O O $4.51 $5.05 $10.19 $5.67 $5.85
The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is $5.67. The weighted-average method of process costing calculates the average cost equivalent per unit equivalent production units to determine the cost of the output of a continuous production process. The correct answer is b.O $4.51.
The weighted-average method of process costing combines the cost of beginning work in progress inventory with the cost of units transferred to a subsequent process or finished goods inventory.Ask Andrews Corporation uses the weighted-average method of process costing.
EUP Equivalent units of production-conversion: 104,400 EUPCosts in beginning Work in Process-direct materials: $64,600Costs in beginning Work in Process-conversion: $47,500Costs incurred in February-direct materials: $546,300Costs incurred in February-conversion: $686,200The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is calculated as follows.
Direct materials:Total direct materials cost
= Costs in beginning work in process inventory + Direct materials costs incurred in the current period Total direct materials cost
= $64,600 + $546,300 = $610,900 Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials
= Total direct materials cost / Equivalent units of direct materials produced in the current period Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials
= $610,900 / 121,000 E Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials
= $5.04 ≈ $5.67Therefore, the cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is $5.67.
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Consider an exchange economy with two consumers (1 and 2) whose preferences are represented by U1-2x1 +y1 and U2-X2 + 2y2. The total endowment is given by X-4 and Y-3. Characterize the set of efficient allocations and draw them in a suitable Edgeworth Box (Hint: use considerations of comparative advantage and opportunity costs. Starting from giving the entire endowment to consumer 2, what would constitute the 'least costly' manner of transferring utility to consumer 1?).
To characterize the set of efficient allocations in the exchange economy, we need to find allocations that maximize total utility while respecting the given endowments and preferences. We can consider the opportunity costs and comparative advantages of the two consumers to determine the most efficient allocation.
Let's start by giving the entire endowment to consumer 2. Consumer 2's preferences indicate a higher valuation for X (opportunity cost of X is 1) compared to consumer 1 (opportunity cost of X is 2). Conversely, consumer 1 values Y more (opportunity cost of Y is 2 for consumer 2 and 1 for consumer 1).
To transfer utility to consumer 1 in the least costly manner, we can allow consumer 1 to trade some Y for X with consumer 2. Consumer 1 would be willing to give up 2 units of Y to receive 1 unit of X, while consumer 2 would be willing to give up 1 unit of X to receive 2 units of Y. This exchange would benefit both consumers as their utilities increase.
The efficient allocations in this case lie along the contract curve, which represents the set of mutually beneficial trades. In the Edgeworth Box diagram, we can represent the initial endowment point where consumer 2 has all X (4 units) and consumer 1 has all Y (3 units). The contract curve connects the points where the opportunity costs of X and Y are equal for both consumers (1 unit of X for 2 units of Y).
The diagram will show various points along the contract curve, where both consumers are better off due to voluntary exchanges of X and Y. The specific allocations along the contract curve will depend on the preferences and relative valuations of the two consumers.
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If perfectly competitive firms earn economic profit in the short run, then we would expect that in the long run Multiple Choice new firms will enter the market existing firms will leave the market. supply will decrease demand will decrease
In the long run, if perfectly competitive firms earn economic profit in the short run, we would expect new firms to enter the market and existing firms to leave the market.
In a perfectly competitive market, firms are price takers, meaning they have no control over the market price and must accept the prevailing price determined by market forces. In the short run, if some firms earn economic profit, it indicates that they are generating revenues that exceed their total costs, including both explicit costs (such as wages and rent) and implicit costs (such as opportunity costs of the firm's resources).
The prospect of earning economic profit attracts new firms to enter the market. These new entrants increase the overall supply of goods or services, which eventually leads to a decrease in market price due to increased competition. As more firms enter the market and the supply curve shifts to the right, the price decreases until economic profit is driven down to zero. This process continues until firms in the market are no longer earning economic profit.
Simultaneously, existing firms that are unable to compete effectively or adapt to the changing market conditions may choose to exit the market. This could be due to various reasons such as inefficient production methods or inability to differentiate their products from competitors. The exit of firms reduces market supply and helps stabilize prices.
In conclusion, the long-run outcome of perfectly competitive markets is characterized by the entry of new firms attracted by economic profit in the short run and the exit of existing firms unable to sustain profitability. This process ensures that economic profit is eroded and the market reaches a state of equilibrium where firms earn zero economic profit in the long run.
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If perfectly competitive firms earn economic profit in the short run, then we would expect that in the long run new firms will enter the market.
In a perfectly competitive market, economic profit is an indication of above-normal profits earned by firms in the short run. When firms in a perfectly competitive market earn economic profit, it attracts new entrants to the market. These new firms see the opportunity to earn profits and are motivated to enter the industry. As new firms enter, the market supply increases, leading to a decrease in the equilibrium price. This increase in supply and decrease in price continue until the economic profit for each individual firm is reduced to zero.
In the long run, the entry of new firms increases market competition and puts downward pressure on prices. Existing firms may find it harder to earn economic profit as the market becomes more competitive. Some firms may choose to leave the market if they are unable to cover their costs or earn a satisfactory return. The exit of firms reduces market supply and helps restore equilibrium. Therefore, in the long run, we would expect that new firms will enter the market to compete with existing firms, resulting in a more competitive and potentially lower-profit industry.
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Which of the following would not generally be an example of contractionary monetary policy? O The Fed sells short-term bonds to banks for reserves. The Fed buys long-term bonds for reserves. The Fed increases the interest rate on reserves from 0.25% to 0.75%. The Fed increases the reserve requirement from 10% to 15%.
The following would not generally be an example of contractionary monetary policy: The Fed buys long-term bonds for reserves.
Contractionary monetary policy refers to actions taken by a central bank to reduce the money supply in an economy, typically to control inflation. It involves tightening monetary conditions, making it more difficult for individuals and businesses to access credit and reducing overall spending in the economy. Let's analyze each option to determine which one does not align with contractionary policy:
The Fed sells short-term bonds to banks for reserves:
When the Federal Reserve sells short-term bonds to banks, it reduces the amount of money available in the banking system. This action decreases bank reserves and contracts the money supply, making it an example of contractionary policy.
The Fed buys long-term bonds for reserves:
When the Federal Reserve buys long-term bonds from banks, it injects money into the banking system, increasing bank reserves and expanding the money supply. This action is expansionary rather than contractionary since it adds liquidity to the economy.
The Fed increases the interest rate on reserves from 0.25% to 0.75%:
Raising the interest rate on reserves incentivizes banks to keep more funds with the central bank. By doing so, banks have less money available to lend, which reduces overall lending and contracts the money supply. Increasing the interest rate on reserves aligns with contractionary policy.
The Fed increases the reserve requirement from 10% to 15%:
Raising the reserve requirement means banks are required to hold a higher percentage of their deposits as reserves. This reduces the amount of money banks can lend, resulting in a contraction of the money supply. Increasing the reserve requirement is a contractionary measure.
Out of the given options, the action that does not generally align with contractionary monetary policy is "The Fed buys long-term bonds for reserves." This action would typically be considered expansionary since it injects money into the banking system and increases the money supply.
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Fiscal policy affects which two components of aggregate demand either directly or indirectly? Government spending and consumption, Net exports and saving, investment and net exports, consumption and investment, or Taxes and consumption
Fiscal policy affects which two components of aggregate demand either directly or indirectly are Consumption and investment.
Fiscal policy is a government's effort to manage the economy using taxation and public spending. Changes in taxation, government spending, and transfer payments are some of the tools of fiscal policy. It impacts aggregate demand and affects two components of aggregate demand either directly or indirectly, which are Consumption and investment.Net exports and saving and investment are not directly affected by the fiscal policy. Although, the tax policy affects consumption, which can indirectly affect saving. Similarly, the spending policy affects government investment that can indirectly affect private investment.Therefore, Consumption and investment are the two components of aggregate demand that are affected by fiscal policy either directly or indirectly.
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Indicate which financial reporting element the following account belongs in.
Prepaid insurance
1)assets
2)equity
3)expenses
4)revenues
5)liabilities
In summary, prepaid insurance is classified as an asset in financial reporting due to its nature as a future economic benefit acquired through advance payments.
The account "Prepaid insurance" belongs to the financial reporting element of assets.
Assets represent economic resources owned or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events. Prepaid insurance refers to the payment made in advance for insurance coverage that extends beyond the current reporting period. It represents a future economic benefit that the entity has acquired and will receive in the form of insurance coverage over a specific period.
As an asset, prepaid insurance is reported on the balance sheet, typically under the current assets section, as it represents a resource that is expected to provide future economic benefits to the entity within the next year or operating cycle. Over time, as the coverage period is consumed or expires, the prepaid insurance amount is gradually recognized as an expense on the income statement, reflecting the portion of the insurance that has been utilized.
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In a one-period binomial model, assume that the current stock price is $100, and that it will rise to $110 or fall to $90 after one month. If the risk-neutral probability of the stock going up or down is equal, what is the one-month risk-free interest rate in continuouslycompounded and annualized terms?
The one-month risk-free interest rate, in continuously compounded and annualized terms, is 0%.
The one-month risk-free interest rate, in continuously compounded and annualized terms, can be calculated using the risk-neutral probabilities and the formula for the expected return. To calculate the risk-free interest rate, we need to find the risk-neutral probabilities of the stock going up or down.
Since the probabilities are equal, we assign a probability of 0.5 to each possible outcome. Next, we calculate the expected return of the stock by weighting the possible returns by their corresponding probabilities. In this case, the expected return is (0.5 * 10% + 0.5 * -10%) = 0%.
Since the risk-free interest rate represents the rate at which an investment grows without risk, it should equal the expected return in this case. Therefore, the one-month risk-free interest rate is 0% in continuously compounded and annualized terms. This means that investors would not expect to earn any additional returns beyond the initial investment in a risk-free asset over the one-month period.
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Sales < Flounder Company manufactures a variety of tools and industrial equipment. The company operates through three divisions. Each division is an investment center. Operating data for the Home Division for the year ended December 31, 2022, and relevant budget data are as follows. Variable cost of goods sold Variable selling and administrative expenses Controllable fixed cost of goods sold Controllable fixed selling and administrative expenses (a) Actual $1,399,000 Your answer is correct. 680.000 124.000 171.000 81.000 Comparison with Budget $101.000 favorable 55,000 unfavorable 25,000 unfavorable 10/20 On target On target Average operating assets for the year for the Home Division were $2,000,000, which was also the budgeted amount. Prepare a responsibility report for the Home Division. (List variable costs before fixed costs. Round ROI to 2 decimal places, e.g. 1.57%.) ⠀ ☆ 0 C 4:53 PM 6/26/2022 P ← Project Question 5 of 5 Salcs Variable Costs Cost of Goods Sold Selling and Administrative Total Variable Costs Contribution Margin Controllable Direct Fixed Costs Cost of Goods Sold Selling and Administrative Total Controllable Direct Fixed Costs Controllable Margin 31 기 ✓ V $ $ 1298000 625000 i 99000 i 724000 i 574000 171000 i 81000 i 252000 i 322000 16.1 % $ $ 1399000 680000 124000 10/20 i 804000 i 171000 595000 i 81000 i 252000 i 343000 17.15 % $ ⠀ DOULL dy A ☆ C 0 B 5:28 PM 6/26/2022 I P Question 5 of 5 (c) * Your answer is incorrect. Compute the expected ROI in 2022 for the Home Division, assuming the following independent changes to actual data. (Round ROI to 2 decimal places, e.g. 1.57%) (1) (2) (3) Variable selling and administrative expenses are decreased by 7%. Average operating assets are decreased by 12.5%. Sales are increased by $200,000, and this increase is expected to increase contribution margin by $85,000. eTextbook and Media 10/20 E Save for Later The expected ROI Attempts: unlimited 19.6 20.4 21.80 % Submit Answer
To compute the expected ROI for the Home Division in 2022, we need to make the following adjustments to the actual data:
(1) Decrease variable selling and administrative expenses by 7%:
Actual variable selling and administrative expenses = $680,000
Decrease by 7%: $680,000 * 0.07 = $47,600
Adjusted variable selling and administrative expenses = $680,000 - $47,600 = $632,400
(2) Decrease average operating assets by 12.5%:
Actual average operating assets = $2,000,000
Decrease by 12.5%: $2,000,000 * 0.125 = $250,000
Adjusted average operating assets = $2,000,000 - $250,000 = $1,750,000
(3) Increase sales by $200,000 and increase contribution margin by $85,000:
Actual sales = $1,399,000
Increase in sales = $200,000
Adjusted sales = $1,399,000 + $200,000 = $1,599,000
Actual contribution margin = Sales - Variable costs
Actual contribution margin = $1,399,000 - ($680,000 + $124,000) = $595,000
Increase in contribution margin = $85,000
Adjusted contribution margin = $595,000 + $85,000 = $680,000
Now, we can calculate the expected ROI:
Expected ROI = (Adjusted contribution margin - Adjusted fixed costs) / Adjusted average operating assets
Adjusted fixed costs = Controllable fixed costs - Unfavorable variance in fixed costs
Adjusted fixed costs = $171,000 - $25,000 = $146,000
Expected ROI = ($680,000 - $146,000) / $1,750,000
Expected ROI = $534,000 / $1,750,000
Expected ROI = 0.30514
Finally, we convert the ROI to a percentage:
Expected ROI = 0.30514 * 100 = 30.51%
Therefore, the expected ROI for the Home Division in 2022, considering the given changes, is 30.51%.
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