Iron and aluminum oxides limit the availability of phosphate in alkaline soils.
What is the Chemistry of Aluminium, Iron and Manganese Oxides in Acid Soils?Undoubtedly, the most reactive elements of acidic soils are the oxides of aluminum, iron, and manganese, especially the forms that are poorly crystallized and microcrystalline. The elements are first released into solution as cations due to the acidic weathering of soil minerals, and they are then reprecipitated either locally or after being translocated as highly reactive hydrous oxide species with a high specific surface area. Consideration of the variables that control their solubility forms a significant portion of this review because these precipitates are easily remobilized to produce unexpected flushes of the elements into the soil solution.Since aluminum only occurs in the trivalent form, only pH and complex formation have an impact on the solubility of aluminum oxides; however, iron and manganese may have multiple valency states at play, and redox potential must also be taken into account.
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What are the observed changes in the climate system?.
Observed changes are frequency of extreme events like drought, rising in temperature and ocean level, reduction of snow, storms in tropical regions etc.
Observed changes over the twentieth century include increases in temperature global air and ocean, rising global sea levels, long-term sustained widespread reduction of ice cover and snow and changes in atmospheric circulation and ocean circulation. And also regional weather patterns, which influence seasonal rainfall conditions. Frequency of extreme events are Increasing. Droughts are longer and more extreme around the world. Temperatures are increasing world-wide due to greenhouse gases trapping more heat in the atmosphere. Storms in tropical regions becoming more severe due to warmer ocean water temperatures.
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write the condensed (noble-gas) electron configuration of chromium. for multi-digit superscripts or coefficients, use each number in succession.
Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Therefore, the electronic configuration of chromium is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹.
What is element?Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.
The systematic distribution of electrons in the various atomic orbitals is called its electronic configuration. The atomic number of chromium is 24. The electronic configuration of chromium is [Ar] 3d⁵4s¹. 1,2,3 represents the number of shells and s and d represents the orbitals. The superscripts represents the number of electrons in each orbitals.
Therefore, the electronic configuration of chromium is [Ar] 3d⁵4s¹.
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A 2. 26 l balloon of helium is at 30°c and 1. 61 atm, what is the pressure if the volume is increased to 4. 12 l?.
The pressure if the volume is increased to 4. 12 l is 0.8832 atm.
Per Boyle's Law:
If the temperature is held constant, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure:
V∝[tex]\frac{1}{P}[/tex]
and
To find pressure resulting from a change in volume:
[tex]\frac{P1 V1}{V2}[/tex] = P2
So:
P1 = 1. 61 atm
V1 = 2. 26 L
V2 = 4. 12L
P2 =[tex]\frac{(1. 61 atm) (2. 26 L)}{ 4. 12 L}[/tex]
P2 = 0.8832 atm
This answer makes sense because Boyle's Law states that a given volume of gas at a constant temperature should have a proportionally lower pressure as the volume is increased.
Hence 0.8832 atm is a correct answer.
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Based on electronegativity values, which type of elements tends to have the greatest attraction for electrons in a bond?.
Based on electronegativity values, Fluorine (nonmetals) type elements tend to have the greatest attraction for electrons in a bond.
Electronegativity is the degree of an atom's capacity to attract shared electrons to itself. On the periodic desk, electronegativity generally increases as you move from left to right across a period and decreases as you flow down a collection.
The degree to which an atom draws electrons in a chemical bond is defined by electronegativity. If the distinction in electronegativity is more than 1.7, the individual of the bond might be ionic. If the distinction in electronegativity is among zero.
The larger the distinction in electronegativity among the two atoms, the more polar the bond. To be considered a polar bond, the distinction in electronegativity should be>zero.
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a proton is projected into a magnetic field that is directed along the positive x axis. find the direction of the magnetic force exerted on the proton for each of the following directions of the proton's velocit
Positive and negative tow directions are the magnetic field's directions, and there is no force present.
What are protons in an atom?The nucleus is formed when the atom wraps it around proton. All other elements, including helium, have neutrons in addition to protons in their nuclei. The neutrons serve to hold the atom together whereas the positive charges protons have a tendency to reject one another.
What are an electron and a proton?A atom with a negative electrode is an electron. A hydrogen is an unit of matter with the a positive charge. The strong nuclear force holds protons together in the nucleus of an atom. A type type subatomic particle without charge is the neutron (they are neutral).
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The complete question is-
A proton is projected into a magnetic field that is directed along the positive x axis. Find the direction of the magnetic force exerted on the proton for each of the following directions of the protons velocity:
(a) the positive y direction,
(b) the negative y direction,
(c) the positive x direction.
what is the reactance of an inductor with an inductance of 2.90 hh at a frequency of 85.0 hzhz ? express your answer in ohms.
At a frequency of 85.0 Hz, the reactance of a capacitor with a capacitance of 3.80106 F is 492.8 Ω.
X = 1/ C [tex]\omega[/tex] where [tex]\omega[/tex] is angular frequency
Where C = Capacitance = 3.80×10−6 F
[tex]\omega[/tex] = angular frequency = 2\πF
= 2(22/7)85
= 534 rad/s
Therefore X = 1/[3.80×10−6 F x 534]
= 492.8 Ω
By building up electric charges on two nearby surfaces that are isolated from one another, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a two-terminal passive electronic component. Capacitance is the name given to a capacitor's effect. A capacitor is a thing, not a thing with a unit. The capacitor's capacitance is defined as the ratio of the charge held in either of its conductors to the potential difference between them. Farads are used as the SI unit for capacitance.
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what is the empirical formula for ethyl fluoride if the compound contains 49.97% carbon, 10.51% hydrogen, and 39.52% fluorine by mass?
Answer:
If the empirical formula for ethyl fluoride compound contains 49.97% carbon, 10.51% hydrogen, and 39.52% fluorine by mass so that means it would be C2H5F.
which of the following statements is most likely to be true in the case of the feedback-regulated enzymatic pathway shown? view available hint(s)for part a which of the following statements is most likely to be true in the case of the feedback-regulated enzymatic pathway shown? p0 binds e4 and activates it. p2 binds e2 and activates it. p4 binds e1 and deactivates it. p3 binds e2 and activates it p4 binds e3 and deactivates it.
In the feedback-regulated enzymatic pathway, p4 binds e1 and deactivates it.
Many enzymatic pathways are regulated by the feedback inhibition model described in the attached file. In fact, it is so common that another name for it is end-product inhibition.
Proteins known as enzymes serve as biological catalysts by catalyzing chemical processes. Substrates are the molecules that enzymes can interact with, and the enzyme changes the substrates into other molecules known as products.
Enzyme catalysis is required for the majority of metabolic processes in the cell to proceed at speeds quick enough to support life. Enzymes are required for each step in the catalysis of metabolic pathways.
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Iron and calcium metal ions are known to chelate with EDTA. Suppose the water used in preparation of your zinc chloride solution in the volumetric flask contained some levels of Pb2+ or Ca²+ metal. How will this affect the following? Explain your answers. (8 pts) 0.011 Consumed will increase ara result At of moles of EDTA increase I with Pb 2+ & Ca2+, Volume of EDTA solution a) The number of moles of EDTA calculated. The Nand of the moles of EDTA calculated will increase complexing As the EDTA Since Pb 2+ & Cat react with FOTA with 1/4 mou mamo, Hot roles of EDTA will increase Experiment 8 | Titration to Betermine the empirical Formats of zinc Chloride: Post-Lab 143
The volume of EDTA will increase since it binds with Pb²⁺ and calcium ions, where the number of moles of Zn calculated will increases and thus, error occurs in the determination of concentration.
What is EDTA?EDTA is ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. It is a hexadentate ligand that easily binds with metals such as calcium, ions, zinc, cobalt, nickel etc. Therefore, EDTA is used as the complexing agent in complexometric titration.
EDTA forms chelate complex with metals which leads to extra stability for the metal complexes. In complexometric titrations, EDTA first binds to the indicator and then starts to bind with the metal preferentially where the indicator is released giving the color change.
EDTA can selectively bind with some metal compared with other metals. If the water used in the Zn - analysis contains lead and calcium, EDTA preferentially binds with calcium and thus more volume of EDTA will be consumed, leading to erroneous calculation in the number of moles of Zn.
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of the following lists of electron transport compounds, which one lists them in order from the one containing electrons with the highest free energy to the one containing electrons with the lowest free energy? note that not all electron transport compounds in the electron transport chain are listed. of the following lists of electron transport compounds, which one lists them in order from the one containing electrons with the highest free energy to the one containing electrons with the lowest free energy? note that not all electron transport compounds in the electron transport chain are listed. fadh2 -- fe-s of complex ii -- q -- fe-s of complex iii -- cyt c -- cyt a of complex iv -- o2 o2 -- cyt a of complex iv -- cyt c -- fe-s of complex iii -- q -- fe-s of complex ii -- fadh2 fmn of complex i -- nadh -- fe-s of complex iii -- cyt b of complex iii -- cyt c -- cyt a of complex iv -- o2 fadh2 -- fe-s of complex ii -- fe-s of complex iii -- q -- cyt a of complex iv -- cyt c -- o2
Answer:
Explanation:Mastering Biology answer
Which of the following would be the best way to isolate a pure compound that is dissolved in an organic solvent?a) react with activated carbonb) recrystallize and then filter after coolingc) rotovap to remove the solventd) extraction with water
The following would be the best way to isolate a pure compound that is dissolved in an organic solvent is rotovap to remove the solvent.
What is meant by organic solvent ?Chemicals with a carbon structure known as organic solvents have the ability to disperse or dissolve one or more other compounds. Organic solvents have the potential to be neurotoxins, genital poisons, and carcinogens. The organic solvents benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene are carcinogenic.
The boiling point of organic solvents is low – Organic solvents are known to have very low boiling points. They are extremely volatile as a result of their low boiling point. Organic solvents are colourless liquids with a reduced molecular weight. They are also transparent liquids.
Certain materials and substances can be dissolved with the use of organic solvents. Pharmaceuticals, footwear, paints, varnishes, and adhesives are just a few industries that frequently use organic solvents in their production. Typically, organic solvents are used in manufacturing to dissolve materials.
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Fe3+ ions interact more strongly with water molecules in aqueous solution than Fe2+ ions do. Give two reasons for this stronger interaction, and justify your answer using Coulomb's law.
Fe3+ has a smaller radius and so creates stronger ion-dipole bonds with water.
Fe3+ reportedly does have a smaller radius than in other ions, therefore results in stronger ion-dipole interactions with water.
Explain what water is.
Water is a substance that exists in gas, liquid, and solid phases and is made up of the basic elements hydrogen and oxygen. Among the most prevalent and necessary substances is it. It is a colourless, tasteless room temperature liquid with the crucial property for degrading several other compounds.
What purpose does water serve?
hold the temperature steady. Cushion and lubricate joints. The spine and other delicate components must be guarded. Use bowel movements, sweating, and urination to cut waste.
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were the two alkene products formed in equal amounts? in a ratio that equals the statistical probability of forming each alkene? hint: think of the number of protons on a particular carbon that can be removed.
The two alkene products formed in equal amounts: 2-methyl-2-butanol.
In the elimination reaction of 2-methyl-2-butanol with the addition of phosphoric acid, the two products are 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1-butene. It's the statistical probability of forming each alkene from this reaction.
This is the statistical probability of getting 2-methyl-2-butene versus 2-methyl-1-butene the number of protons on a particular carbon that can be removed
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes and undergo additional reactions and equations for the reactions of alkenes with hydrogen and halogens and of symmetrical alkenes with hydrogen halides and water. including the conditions for the hydrogenation of ethene (high pressure/temperature, Ni catalyst).
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17. Substances created, or made, during a chemical reaction are known as the
b. products
d. substances
a. reactants
c. chemicals
Answer:
substances created or made during a chemical reaction is known as the products
When working in the fume hood, it is important to make an effort to minimize Choose... Only keep items in the hood if they are being used for Choose... Do not Choose... - chemicals in the fume hood unless instructed to do so.
When working in the fume hood, it is important to make an effort to a) minimize clutter and only keep items in the hood if they are being used.
A fume hood can be described as a ventilation hood present inside labs where experiments are done using hazardous substances such that they are prevented from inhalation by the researcher.
As the substances being researched in a fume hood are hazardous, it is important that only those chemicals be kept inside the fume hood that is being used by the researcher at that time. Otherwise, it could happen that these chemicals might react with each other and prove to be more toxic. Special care needs to be taken when working with the chemicals inside the fume hood.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Choose the best option:
When working in the fume hood, it is important to make an effort to minimize
a) minimize clutter and only keep items in the hood if they are being used
b) chemicals in the fume hood unless instructed to do so.
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calculate the molarity of a barium hydroxide solution if you used 41.65 ml of it to neutralize 1.190 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate.
Molarity of barium hydroxide is 0.0700M.
What is molarity?
The concentration of a solution is expressed in terms of molarity. The quantity of moles of solute (the substance dissolved) per litre of solution is known as molarity, often referred to as molar concentration.Molecules per cubic decimeter, sometimes known as mol dm-3 or simply M, are the units of molarity. The cubic decimeter and litre are interchangeable units, and concentrations are sometimes expressed as moles per litre (mol/l) in older texts.Chemists used to commonly refer to concentrations as (weight of solute)/ (volume). However, molar concentrations are almost typically utilised because the mole is now the most popular unit of measurement for quantity in chemistry.To know more about molarity, click the link given below:
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What is the research all about Brainly?.
Research is a systematic inquiry process that includes data collection, documentation of critical information, and analysis and interpretation of that data/information.
The process of discovering new knowledge is known as research. This knowledge can be the development of new concepts or the advancement of existing knowledge and theories, resulting in a previously unknown understanding. Humanity advances through research. Curiosity fuels it: we become curious, ask questions, and immerse ourselves in learning everything there is to know. Learning is flourishing. Without curiosity and research, progress would stall and our lives as we know them would be drastically altered.
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Why must chemical equations be balanced?
Choose all that apply.
Choose all that apply.
In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict whether the given reaction is possible or not.
In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict whether the reaction requires a catalyst or not.
In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict the amount of product that can form from a given amount of reactant.
In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict how much of one reactant is required to react with a given amount of another.
In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict how much reactants are required to form a given amount of products.
Because matter cannot be generated or destroyed through chemical reactions, all chemical equations must be balanced. When some substances convert chemically into other others, a chemical reaction takes place.
What is an example of a chemical equation?Chemical equations serve to represent the transformation of reactants into products. For instance, the combination of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) results in iron sulfide (FeS). S(s) + Fe(s) = FeS (s) The + sign denotes an iron-sulfur reaction.
What is a simple chemical equation?A chemical equation is a symbol- and formula-based symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, with the reactant entities given on the left side and the product entities given on the right. Examples are NaOH+HClNaCl+H2O.
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a researcher wants to make a 99% confidence interval for a population mean. she wants the margin of error to be within 4.7 of the population mean. the population standard deviation is 18.60. the sample size that will yield a margin of error within 4.7 of the population mean is
The sample size that will yield a margin of error within 4.7 of the population mean is 104.
A standard deviation (or σ) is a measure of how dispersed the facts is in terms of the suggestion. Low popular deviation method records are clustered around the imply, and excessive well-known deviation shows statistics are more spread out.
The same old deviation is a degree of the quantity of variant or dispersion of a hard and fast of values. A low fashionable deviation indicates that the values tend to be near the mean of the set, whilst a high general deviation indicates that the values unfold out over a much broader variety.
Calculation:-
z = 2.576
σ = 18.22
E = z* (σ / √n )= 4.7
4.7 = 2.576 × ( 18.22 / √n )
√n = 2.576 × ( 18.22 / 4.7 )
√n = 10.2032
n = 104.105
n ≅ 104
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acid chlorides react with grignard reagents to yield tertiary alcohols, two equivalents of grignard reagent are required. the first equivalent reacts in a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction to give a ketone. this ketone, however, is itself reactive in the grignard reaction. thus, the second equivalent adds to the ketone carbonyl carbon. subsequent protonation yields the tertiary alcohol. Draw the curved arrows to show the movements of electrons on this step of mechanism
The movement (flow) of electrons during bond-forming and/or bond-breaking events is depicted by curved arrows. The location of the electron or electron pair's origin is shown by the foot of the arrow, and their destination is indicated by the head of the arrow.
Which curved arrows depict how the electron pairs are moving during the reaction?"Curly arrows" are most frequently used to depict the motion of electron pair. Similar arrows can also be used to depict the motion of a single electron, although these arrows' heads only have a single line as opposed to two.
What does a reaction's curved arrow represent?Nonlinear, curved arrows with barbs on one end are used to represent electron flow. an arrow with two barbs a double-barbed arrow denotes motion of a pair of electrons, while a single-barbed arrow denotes motion of a single electron.
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for the following reaction, 18.6 grams of chlorine gas are allowed to react with with 3.82 grams of water. chlorine (g) water (l) hydrochloric acid (aq) chloric acid (hclo3) (aq) what is the maximum amount of hydrochloric acid that can be formed? grams what is the formula for the limiting reagent? subscriptsuperscript help what amount of the excess reagent remains after the reaction is complete? grams
18.6 grams of chlorine gas are allowed to react with with 3.82 grams of hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid.
H2+Cl2 → 2HCl
At normal temperature and pressure, hydrogen chloride (HCl), a gas composed of the elements hydrogen and chlorine, is a gas. Hydrochloric acid is the name given to a gaseous solution in water. Chlorine (Cl2) gas and hydrogen (H2) gas can be combined directly to generate hydrogen chloride; the process is quick at temperatures above 250 °C (482 °F). Heat is released during the reaction, which is described by the equation H2 + Cl2 2HCl, and moisture seems to speed up the process. A chloride, often sodium (NaCl) chloride, is typically used to create hydrogen chloride both in laboratories and on an industrial scale by reacting with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Additionally, it is created when certain chlorides (such as phosphorus trichloride, PCl3,
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What are the 4 types of characterization?.
Answer:
There are actually five, and there's an easy way to remember them.
Physical Description
Action
Inner thoughts
Reactions
Speech
P.A.I.R.S
This will basically help you with any story you come up with
For each reaction indicated below, will a reaction move in the forward (right) or reverse (left) direction? (Of the reaction arrows presented in each reaction, select the arrow - via the multiple choice circle before it - that best indicates the acid-base equilibrium position.)
The reaction will advance in the direction indicated by the given statement.
What does a written reaction mean?A document is a piece of writing that expresses an individual's viewpoint on a certain piece of work. This essay should include a synopsis of the source material, but the main emphasis should be on your opinions and justifications regarding the topics included in the source text.
Is an answer a reaction?In the heat of the moment, decisions are made without much thought to the consequences of the possible consequences. Reaction: Making a comment in response to with an action or remark made by another person. Response is more thoughtful and logically based.
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which of the following is true for completion of the etching process? group of answer choices do not rinse. rinse thoroughly and then dry. do not dry. surface should appear shiny white. it is no longer necessary to keep isolated after etching.
For the etching process the correct statement is to rinse thoroughly and then dry.
Etching is traditionally the process of using strong acid to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface in order to create a design in the incised of the metal. In modern manufacturing, other chemicals may usually be used on other types of materials as well.
Etching occurs when the acid or base is contacted with a specimen surface because of the difference in rate of attack of the various phases present and also their orientation. The etching process is usually accomplished by merely applying the appropriate solution to the specimen surface for several seconds to also several minutes.
After etching for 20 seconds, the surface needs to be rinsed with water to remove the acid completely. Suction and air should be used to thoroughly to dry the etched tooth surface. Again, it is extremely important to avoid salivary contamination.
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what mass of gold is produced when 16.9 a of current are passed through a gold solution for 22.0 min ?
15.17 g gold is produced when 16.9 A of current is passed through a gold solution for 22.0 min
Current passed = 16.9 A
Time = 22.0 mil
Mass of gold produced = ?
Write the ionic equation of the above-mentioned reaction.
Au³⁺ + 3e⁻ → Au
Convert time from minutes to seconds
Time in seconds = time in minutes × 60
Time in seconds = 22.0 × 60
Time in seconds = 1320 sec
Calculate the amount of charge
amount of charge = 16.9 coulomb/s x 1320 s
amount of charge = 22308 coulomb
amount of charge = 22308 / 96500
amount of charge = 0.231 faradays
Calculate the number of moles
number of moles = 0.231 / 3
number of moles = 0.077 mol Au
mass of Au = 0.077 mol × 196.967 g/mol
mass of Au = 15.17 g
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draw the major product from the following reaction: 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane triethylamine ( et3n: ).
1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane is an alkyl halide which is treated with strong base triethylamine to give the elimination product 1-methylcyclohex-ene, which is a major product.
When an alkyl halide is treated with a strong base and some heat is also supplied to the reaction.
The beta-hydrogen of the alkyl halide will be abstracted by the strong base. And it gives alkene as a product. This reaction results in the removal of a small molecule. Such a reaction is termed as an elimination reaction.
Here, 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane is an alkyl halide which is treated with strong base triethylamine to give the elimination product 1-methylcyclohex-ene.
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identify how that the liver glycolytic enzyme hexokinase iv is regulated and compare this with the hexokinase i isozyme found in muscle (2 pts).
The liver glycolytic enzyme hexokinase IV is regulated as the protein inhibitor of hexokinase is a nuclear binding that takes the hexokinase IV in liver. hexokinase I isoenzyme found in muscles consume the glucose and utilizes it for the production of energy.
The hexokinase IV in liver will maintains the blood glucose depending on the blood glucose concentration. the hexokinase I isoenzyme found in muscles consume the glucose and utilizes it for the production of energy.
Thus, The liver glycolytic enzyme hexokinase IV is regulated as the protein inhibitor of hexokinase is a nuclear binding that takes the hexokinase IV in liver. hexokinase I isoenzyme found in muscles consume the glucose and utilizes it for the production of energy.
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which three molecules contain sp3 hybridized oxygen atoms? choose one or more: a.vanillin b.glycerol c.hydrogen sulfide d.chlorine e.carbon dioxide f.ozone g.carvone h.ethylene i.acetone
The compound that contains [tex]sp^3[/tex] hybridized oxygen atoms is vanillin.
What is hybridization?We know that it is important that we are able to know the kind of hybridization that has occurred in atoms in a compound. This is because, the kind of hybridization is caused by the way that the orbitals in the atom are combined so as to obtain the orbitals that are suitable for bonding.
The oxygen atoms that are [tex]sp^3[/tex] hybridized is the carbon atoms that would contain only a single bond. We would now have to look at the bonds in the compound to know the one that contains only single bonds to an oxygen atom and this occurs in vanillin.
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could flame tests be useful in determining identities of metals in a mixture of two or more salts? if so, what problems might arise? if not, why not? explain your answer.
A flame test will only really show the brighter or more visible flame of a given metal ion when one or more metal ions are present.
Flame tests are used to pick out the presence of a surprisingly small wide variety of steel ions in a compound. Not all metallic ions give flame colours. For group 1 compounds, flame checks are typically by means of a ways the perfect manner of identifying which metallic you have got got.
The flame test is used to visually decide the identity of an unknown metal or metalloid ion primarily based on the feature shade the salt turns the flame of a bunsen burner.
If a combination of ions is present, a number of the flame shades may not be truly visible. As an example, the yellow colour from sodium ions may be very intense and has a tendency to hide the paler lilac shade from potassium ions.
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the toxic chemicals present in the soil can decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield. the contaminated soil is then used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may contain some poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people consuming them.
The toxic chemical compounds gift in the soil can lower soil fertility and therefore lower the soil yield.
chemical compounds such as lead can harm the anxiety system, inclusive of the mind. Contaminants may also be absorbed via the pores and skin. Creosote is a not unusual cloth used to hold timber in the USA. This complicated mixture of chemical compounds can leach out of treated wood and contaminate the soil.
Soil toxicities are constraints on the useful resources available to the crop. Toxicities in the subsoil seem to perform through restricting root boom, the most important outcome of which within the Australian environment is reduced yield because of reduced water availability to the crop (Dang et al., 2008).
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