Upstream and downstream in molecular biology both relate to the relative positions of genetic information in DNA or RNA. Due to the carbon location on the deoxyribose ring, each strand of DNA or RNA has two ends: the 5' end and the 3' end.
By convention, upstream and downstream refer to, respectively, the 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions in which RNA transcription occurs. The RNA molecule's downstream is located around the 3' end, while its upstream end is near the 5' end. In double-stranded DNA, upstream is at the 3' end and downstream is at the 5' end of the coding strand for the relevant gene.
What is DNA?
All known organisms, including many viruses, require deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer comprised of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to create a double helix, to develop, function, grow, and reproduce. DNA and ribonucleic acid are examples of nucleic acids.
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
The pistil
Explanation:
The stamen, leaf, and petals are very different from the pistil
weak spots or thin areas of plates can allow which three formations to develop?
Answer:
What is a weak spot in the crust where molten material comes to the surface?
A volcano is a weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface. Magma is a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. When magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. When lava has cooled, it forms solid rock.
A student learns that a certain comet in the solar system is considered
a short-period comet. Based on this knowledge, what is the student
most justified in concluding?
A-The comet originates in the Oort cloud.
B- The comet originates beyond the Oort cloud.
C- The comet originates between the Sun and the asteroid belt.
D- The comet originates in the Kuiper belt.
The student most justified in concluding is The comet originates between the Sun and the asteroid belt.
The correct option is C.
Can we live in asteroid?Asteroids lack the magnetic field and atmosphere that shield us on Earth from harm. Living inside an asteroid is one way to protect yourself from harmful radiation. It is anticipated that by tunneling 100 meters deep under an asteroid, humans would be sufficiently shielded from radiation.
How likely is a collision between an asteroid and Earth?While space rocks of this size are likely to strike Earth only once every hundred million years or so, NEOs that are 50 to 100 meters (164 to 328 feet) across can strike much more frequently—roughly every thousand years—and have the potential to level large cities or other areas of comparable size as well as cause ecological destruction.
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The two liquids being measured when obtaining an absorbance spectrum are called the ______ and the _______ solutions.
The two liquids being measured when obtaining an absorbance spectrum are called the absorbent and the absorbet solutions.
A spectrophotometer is a device used for detecting the presence of any light-absorbing debris dissolved in a solution and for measuring.
Absorbance is measured using a spectrophotometer or microplate reader, which is a device that shines the light of a unique wavelength thru a sample and measures the amount of mild that the pattern absorbs.
A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the wide variety of photons and the depth of light absorbed after it passes thru the sample answer. A spectrophotometer is well-known and includes devices; a spectrometer and a photometer. A spectrometer is a tool that produces, generally disperses, and measures mild.
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Active transport is usually carried out by......
A. transporter proteins and pumps
B. osmosis and simple diffusion
C. facilitated diffusion
Answer:
A. transporter proteins and pumps 100% sure
what would be the sequence of dna that is complementary to a dna section with the base sequence of ggtcaatccttag?
The sequence of DNA that is complementary to a DNA section with the base sequence of ggtcaatccttag is CCAGTTAGGAATC
The molecule that carries the genetic information necessary for an organism's growth and operation is called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA for short. DNA has the instructions required for an organism to grow, survive, and reproduce. DNA is formed of two connected strands that coil around one another to resemble a twisted ladder, a shape known as a double helix. DNA patterns must be translated into information that can be used to create proteins in organism , which are the complex molecules that carry out the majority of the work in our bodies. DNA is made up of a chain of molecules called nucleotides. A sugar group, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base are all components of each nucleotide. DNA can contain Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine, and one other nitrogen base.
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your blood cells have different sizes, shapes, and functions, yet they all started out alike. what process is responsible for this? (b.6b)
The process that is responsible for the different sizes, shapes, and functions of blood cells is called blood cell differentiation. This process begins in the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced.
The blood cells that are produced in the bone marrow are called hematopoietic stem cells. These cells have the ability to divide and create new blood cells. As the hematopoietic stem cells divide, they produce different types of blood cells. The different types of blood cells include: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell. They are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body’s tissues. White blood cells are responsible for fighting infection. Platelets are responsible for clotting blood.
Once the blood cells have matured, they will be released into the bloodstream. They will then travel to the parts of the body where they are needed.
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multifactorial characteristics result from which of the statements?
Multifactorial characterstices are partially inherited. How closely you are related to a family member who has a multifactorial trait or ailment affects your risk for developing that trait or illness yourself.
When more than one factor contributes to a trait or health issue, such as a birth defect or persistent sickness, this is referred to as multifactorial inheritance. Genes can play a role, but other non-gene-related factors can also be important.
There are three groups of risk factors: complex variables, environmental factors, and genetic factors. Height, neural tube abnormalities, and hip dysplasia are a few examples of multifactorial characteristics and disorders.
Genetic and environmental variables both have a role in the formation of multifactorial disorders, wherein a disease is defined as the outcome of "phenotypic development occurring within an environmental context."
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stormy remembers a really difficult breakup in her life. which part of the brain is most likely helping with her ability to remember this emotional event?
The part of the brain that is most likely helping with Stormy's ability to remember an emotional event is the hippocampus.
What is the hippocampus?The hippocampus is a brain region responsible for the formation of memory which may be damaged when occurs an event associated with memory loss. This brain region (the hippocampus) is located in the temporal lobe.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the hippocampus is a fundamental brain region that has been associated with the formation of memory and can be found in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
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Which statement describes where heterotrophs get the chemical elements they need for growth? O
A. They obtain the carbon and nutrients they need by consuming autotrophs or other heterotrophs.
B. They make carbon and oxygen by consuming decomposing animals and their wastes.
C. They use energy from the Sun to make oxygen that they change into sugars.
D. They obtain carbon from the air, and they take up other elements and water from the soil.
Help please
The statement that describes where heterotrophs get the chemical elements they need for growth is that they obtain the carbon and nutrients they need by consuming autotrophs or other heterotrophs (option A).
What are heterotrophs?Heterotrophs are organisms which requires an external supply of energy in the form of food as it cannot synthesize its own.
Autotrophs, on the other hand, are any organism that can synthesize its food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy.
Heterotrophs derive their energy by feeding on autotrophs or other heterotrophs. Heterotrophs that feed on autotrophic organisms are called primary consumers while heterotrophs that feed on other heterotrophs are called secondary consumers.
Since heterotrophs feed on plants (autotrophs) and other animals (heterotrophs), this means that they derive their chemical nutrients from these sources.
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Answer:
D. They obtain carbon from the air, and they take up other elements and water from the soil.
Explanation:
Got Correct On ASSIST. I have no clue what the guy above was talking about. But hope that helps.
How are the beliefs in belief system diverse from one another
Religion plays a significant role in society and has an impact on both individual and societal behavior.
What is belief?It has also been influenced by historical problems and events, and it frequently sheds light on human migration patterns and the interactions between various civilizations.
Religions and belief systems are just another way that the Asia-Pacific region's variety and long history of cultural exchange are reflected. Modern faiths in various states are a result of the region's influence from European settlers as well as the missionary experiences of many of the native populations.
Therefore, Religion plays a significant role in society and has an impact on both individual and societal behavior.
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a fatty acid in which ALL carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds
Which one of these matches this
The fatty acid that has carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds is saturated.
What is a saturated compound?A compound is said to be saturated when the compound is composed only of single bonds. Recall that the single bonds are the bonds that contain the full compliment of the hydrogen atoms for each of the carbons of the the carbon.
Fatty acids are those compounds that are composed of an alkyl chain as well as an acid moiety. Recall that three fatty acid molecules are able to combine with the glycerol molecule to form a triglyceride.
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As maximum depolarization approaches, the sodium ion channels close. If you could experimentally prevent the ion channels from closing, what would be an expected response?.
The gated sodium ion channels on the neuron's membrane suddenly open during the depolarization phase, allowing sodium ions (Na+) from outside the membrane to flood the cell.
Why is depolarization necessary?Membrane potential quickly shifts from a negative to a positive state as a result of depolarization. Initially, a stimulus triggers the depolarization process. A simple touch, a flash of light, an unwelcome object, or even an electrical impulse can serve as this stimulus. A voltage change occurs in the cell as a result of this stimulus.
What components comprise a membrane?Proteins and lipids make up the membranes of cells. Only some chemicals can pass through them because they are largely constituted of lipids. The type of lipid most frequently seen in the membrane is phospholipid.
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Read the descriptions of the four phases of the cell cycle. Then match each description to the name of the phase. Choose the column that corresponds to the matching of each phase with its description.
I. At the end of this phase, each chromosome is made up of two chromatids.
II. Chromatids are distributed to the two daughter nuclei.
III. Organelles and materials needed for DNA synthesis are made.
IV. Proteins and other materials needed for cell division are synthesized.
The cell divides into two new cells during the mitotic (M) phase using its replicated DNA and cytoplasm. Mitosis and cytokinesis are two separate division-related mechanisms that occur during the M phase.
What is cell cycle?Cell cycle is a process in which cell undergoes division. The cell's nuclear DNA condenses into its visible chromosomes during mitosis and is separated by the mitotic spindle, a specialized microtubule-based structure.
G1 phase is the initial phase. From G1 phase it will goes into S phase. From S phase it will go into G2 phase.
From G2 phase it will goes into M Phase. Cell cycle are of two types mitosis and meiosis.
Therefore, The cell divides into two new cells during the mitotic (M) phase using its replicated DNA and cytoplasm. Mitosis and cytokinesis are two separate division-related mechanisms that occur during the M phase.
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The development of sister chromatids, which are two identical copies of each chromosome that are firmly joined at the centromere. Thus, option D is correct.
What is cell cycle?A cell's growth and division are completed by a series of procedures known as a cell cycle.
A cell spends the majority of its time in what is known as interphase, where it develops, duplicates its chromosomes, and gets ready to divide.
Each chromosome is a duplicate at this point and is made up of two sister chromatids.
Therefore, Organelles and materials needed for DNA synthesis are made in G1 phase.
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A cell was placed in a mysterious solution and gained 110% of its mass. The mysterious solution must have been?
A cell was placed in a mysterious solution and gained 110% of its mass. The mysterious solution must have been a Hypotonic solution.
A hypotonic answer is a solution that has a decreased solute awareness compared to every other answer. an answer can't be hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic without a solution for assessment. Hypotonic is a description of the solute content of one answer on the subject of another answer.
A hypotonic solution is a solution that has decreased osmotic pressure than every other technique to which it's miles in comparison. it is able to additionally imply a solution that includes a decreased quantity of solute as compared with the solute attention within the other solution across a semipermeable membrane.
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the types of gram-positive cocci that make up the skin’s normal microbiota are:
Normal skin flora contains gram-positive cocci like staphylococcus and micrococcus.
Normal Skin flora, also known as normal skin microbiota, is a term that refers to the microbiota (microorganism groups) that live on the human skin.
The makeup of the typical skin flora differs from location to location depending on the surroundings. Aerobic cocci, Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic and anaerobic coryneform bacteria, and yeast make up the typical skin microbiota.
The majority of microorganisms dwell in the stratum corneum's surface layers and the top sections of hair follicles. Some germs, however, live in deeper parts of the hair follicles and are unaffected by standard cleaning treatments. After the surface bacteria have been eliminated, these bacteria serve as a reservoir for recolonization. Staphylococcus is a common member of the typical skin flora. Micrococci are less numerous than staphylococci, yet they are regularly seen in normal skin flora.
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What structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not that keep them from bursting in a glass of water?.
Plant cells have a cell wall that prevents lysis when they are in a hypotonic solution. The cells expand until they hit the cell wall and then get no bigger.
This is why we can put a flower in a glass of water without worrying about the cells bursting. Plant cells have a cell wall that prevents lysis when they are in a hypotonic solution. The cells expand until they hit the cell wall and then get no bigger. For this reason, you can put the flower in a glass of water without fear of bursting the cells.
Cell walls provide structural support and protection. Pores in the cell wall allow water and nutrients to enter and exit the cell. Cell walls also prevent plant cells from rupturing when water enters the cells. The cell walls can withstand dilute hypotonic media, preventing the cells from rupturing. Therefore, plant cells are much more resistant to changes in ambient concentration than animal cells.
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a species that has been studied by researchers, and has an extremely high risk of going extinct in the wild will be labeled as .
A species that has been studied by researchers and has an extremely high risk of going extinct in the wild will be labeled as Near Threatened.
Coral species are the fastest moving towards increasing extinction risk but amphibians on average are the most endangered group of animals. Long-lived species with low reproductive rates and low natural mortality are endangered. By educating people about endangered species. By protecting wildlife habitats. By preventing people from using animal foam products.
Feed the seeds with adequate water and food. Habitat loss is a major cause of high extinction rates. Other causes include habitat change overexploitation of wildlife for commercial purposes the introduction of harmful alien species pollution and the spread of disease. Humans impact the physical environment in many ways including overpopulation pollution burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
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the fatty substance wrapped around some axons that insulate the axon and make the nerve impulse travel more efficiently is called the
The 16s rRNA gene encodes an RNA that would be used as a component of the _________ during ____________.
A) RNA polymerase, transription
B) a protein, DNA replication
C) the ribosome, translation
D) tRNA, DNA replication
Answer:
(C)
The 16s rRNA gene encodes an RNA that would be used as a component of the ribosome during mRNA translation.
Explanation:
The Moorish idol fish lives in coral reefs around the world. Its oceanic environment is saltier than the environment inside its cells. The
idol fish requires energy to maintain the environment in its cells.
Which structure in a Moorish idol fish's cells produces the energy it needs?
O endoplasmic reticulum
O nucleus
O Golgi body
O mitochondria
Mitochondria are organelles in charge of cell respiration. Through this process, ATP is produced by oxygen consumption. The structure in a Moorish idol fish's cells produces the energy it needs is mitochondria.
What is mitochondria?
Mitochondria are one of the biggest organelles in the cell.
They degrade organic molecules, releasing chemical energy from their bindings through a process that consumes oxygen: cellular respiration.
The released energy is stored as ATP through the cellular respiration process and then is used in other cellular activities.
Mitochondria are more grouped in areas or tissues with higher energetical requirements.
The structure in a Moorish idol fish's cells produces the energy it needs is mitochondria.
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when malignant myeloma cells and normal lymphocytes are fused together to make hybrid cells, the cells thus produced are called .
when malignant myeloma cells and normal lymphocytes are fused together to make hybrid cells, the cells thus produced are called hybridoma cells.
Malignant myeloma cells are cancerous cells that grow uncontrollably in the bone marrow, while normal lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection. When these two cell types are fused together, the resulting hybrid cells are able to grow indefinitely in culture and produce large amounts of a specific antibody.
This process is used to create monoclonal antibodies, which are widely used in research and medicine.The cells thus produced are called hybrid cells. These cells are a mix of both malignant and normal cells, and they have the ability to grow and divide more rapidly than either type of cell on its own. This makes them more resistant to chemotherapy and other treatments, and makes them more difficult to kill.
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I need help the retake is tomorrow.
The path showing the solar noon of the equinox is path C.
So option C is correct.
What is the Equinox?A solar equinox can be described as a moment in time when the Sun crosses the Earth's equator, which is to say, appears directly above the equator, rather than north or south of the equator.
The Equinox occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September of every year.
In circumstances where equinox happens, a nearly equal amount of daylight and darkness at all latitudes that will split the Earth's day almost in half, giving us about 12 hours of daylight and 12 of night.
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Science 8th grade living environment this is what it says and the multiple choice is in the picture
In the early 1600s, a scientist planted a willow tree that weighed 5 pounds in 200 pounds of dry soil. He placed it outside and watered it for 5 years. At the end of tha
time, he observed that the tree had gained 164 pounds 3 ounces, while the soil had lost just 2 ounces.
Living things such as plants, animals, people, and even the smallest of bacteria are all a part of an environment. The term "biotic parts" refers to the biological components of the environment. The abiotic parts are the nonliving components, such as the rocks, sunlight, and air.
What makes a decent living situation?
Different demographic groups can live their normal lives and take care of their basic needs, including living, using services, working, playing, and engaging in hobbies, as well as resting and having private time.The environment provides the materials and energy that the DNA mobilizes into a living thing. The environment plays a role in determining how quickly this mobilization happens. Because the kids are all clones of the parent, asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.To learn more about Living environment refer to:
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The Light Reaction begins in Photosystem 1.
A. True
B. False
What is the global variation in sea level brought about by change in the volume of water occupying the ocean basins?.
The global variation in sea level brought about by change in the volume of water occupying the ocean basins that is eustasy.
Sea level rise is therefore a climate change phenomenon that increases the volume of ocean water, primarily as a result of the melting of ice sheets and glaciers and the thermal expansion of water. Global sea levels are rising as a result of human-induced global warming, and the recent rate of rise is unprecedented in the last 2,500 years. Sea level rise is mainly caused by two factors related to global warming.
As the planet warms sea levels rise for two reasons. First, as temperatures rise land-based ice such as glaciers and ice sheets melt and the melted water flows into the sea causing sea levels to rise. Second warm water expands and takes up more space than cold water increasing the volume of ocean water. The major physical impacts of sea-level rise include coastal erosion, delta inundation, and flooding and loss of many wetlands and marshes.
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if a dna sample analyzed is determined to be composed of 37% adenine, what percentage of thymine, cytosine, and guanine is it composed of?
If a sample of DNA is 37% adenine, it is also 63% thymine, cytosine, and guanine. This is because adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine in DNA.
Adenine is one of four nucleobases that make up nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. The other three nucleobases are thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
In a DNA sample, if 37% of the nucleobases are adenine, then the remaining 63% must be made up of thymine, cytosine, and guanine in some proportion. We can use proportions to figure out what that proportion is.
Since we know that there are four nucleobases total, we can set up the following proportion:
37% adenine : 63% remaining nucleobases :: 1 : x
We can solve for x to find out how many nucleobases there are in total.
37% adenine : 63% remaining nucleobases :: 1 : x
37% adenine x = 63% remaining nucleobases
37% adenine x = 63% (4-1)
37% adenine x = 63% 3
37% adenine x = 189%
37% adenine x = 1.89
Hence , Adenine is 37% and the remaining is 63% which would be 21.6% Thymine, 21.6% Cytosine, and 21.6% Guanine.
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Help plsssssss
what is the main industry of the broad river basin?
Answer:
The Broad River basin dominates the central Piedmont of South Carolina. Sharing a long northern border with North Carolina, the basin tapers in a southeasterly direction and terminates at its confluence with the Saluda River near Columbia.
Explanation:
Peter has a gene that encodes blue eyes, while karin has a gene for green eyes. Alternate forms of genes such as blue versus green for one trait are called.
Alleles are various variations of a gene. Depending on the features they are related with, alleles are classified as either dominant or recessive.
What are the alternate form alleles gene in an organism?There can only be two allelic variations in a single organism for diploid organisms like humans.
The alternative allele may or may not be associated to a trait and is not always the minor allele. Each variant may contain many alternative alleles.
Therefore, The allele in a population that expresses itself fully. Recessive: An allele that either cannot express fully or only partially in a population.
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List mendel’s conclusions from his experiments. How do the conclusions relate to what is known today in the field of genetics?
The main Mendel’s conclusions from his experiments include the independent segregation and dominance of characters, which are inherited from parents through factors we now know as genes.
Who was Gregor Mendel?Gregor Mendel was a Hungarian botanist who discovered the main inheritance laws by crossing pea plants that showed pure traits (i.e. they were pure lines).
Mendel discovered the principle of independent segregation which states that characters are independently inherited when they are not linked. He also observed that the characters are based on dominance features in which a character is dominant over another depending on the genetic makeup of the parent that transmits these inherited factors to offspring.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that Mendel discovered fundamental laws in genetics that are associated with the principle of genetic dominance (there are alleles that dominate others) and also the principle of independent segregation of characters.
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