The flash of light thus associated can now be called the conditioned stimulus.
What is stimulus?The term stimulus has to do with response to particular occurrence. This is well captured in the area of behavioral psychology. We know that the organism can be trained to respond to a certain stimulus when it is presented.
Now if a stimulus elicits a particular reaction and then another stimulus is presented immediately after the first one such that the organism learns to associate the second stimulus with the first, the organism would over time begin to respond to the second stimulus in the same manner as the first.
Now we can see that in this case, the light flash follows the POP sound. This implies that organism would overtime associate the sound and the light. This flash of light thus associated can now be called the conditioned stimulus.
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Summarize the method used to support scientific ideas and theories. What is the scientific method? How would you explain it to a friend who’s never heard of it?
The scientific method is a well structured manner of answering scientific questions or solving scientific problems.
What is the scientific method?The scientific method is a method of discovering knowledge about the natural world based in making falsifiable predictions called hypothesis, testing them empirically, and developing theories that match known data from repeatable physical experimentation.
The scientific method involves the following steps that should be followed hierarchically;
Making observationsConstruction of hypothesisTesting hypothesis via experimentationData analysisConcluding based on resultsTherefore, the best way to explain to a friend who has never heard of the scientific method before is that scientific method is a well structured manner of answering scientific questions or solving scientific problems.
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question is up there
(question b)
Answer:
group and 70/you have received your email
list the development from secondary oocyte to birth
The image below shows the process of DNA replication. Identify the components of the process
Answer:
See below.
Explanation:
The biological process of creating two identical copies of DNA from a single original DNA molecule is known as DNA replication.
A double helix of two complementary strands makes up DNA. These strands are split apart in the replication process. The method of semi-conservative replication uses each strand of the original DNA molecule as a template to create its counterpart.
This process is carried out by several enzymes which are listed below along with their activity
__
DNA Dependent DNA POLYMERASE is a class of enzymes that is responsible for all organisms' DNA replication processes. It accelerates DNA replication in the 5′ to 3′ range.The enzyme known as TOPOISOMERASE is involved in the over- or under-winding of DNA.HELICASE—Using the energy from ATP hydrolysis, which is characterized by the breakdown of hydrogen bonds between annealed nucleotide bases, helicases are frequently employed to separate the strands of a DNA double helix or a self-annealed RNA molecule.DNA GYRASE, a particular kind of topoisomerase, relieves strain caused by DNA helicase's unwinding action.DNA LIGASE- Joins the OKAZAKI FRAGMENT of the lagging strand and re-anneals the semi-conservative strands.PRIMASE - Primase catalyzes the production of a short primer, which is a ssDNA template-specific piece of RNA (or DNA in other species).REPLICATION FORK -
INITIATION: The beginning of DNA replication takes place at certain locations in DNA known as ori-sites or regions. Enzymes often recognize these locations and initiate the process. As opposed to C-G base pairs, which produce three hydrogen bonds, A-T base pairs only form two hydrogen bonds, making them easier to strand split. As a result, these sites are typically "AT-rich" (rich in adenine and thymine bases). Following the discovery of the origin, enzymes create a pre-replication complex that unzips the double-stranded DNA. The enzyme topoisomerase is involved in this process. ELONGATION: The 5'-3' activity of the DNA polymerase enzyme. Now, a new strand was created by DNA polymerase enzymes in the direction of 5′ to 3′ (note: the DNA template is read in 3' to 5' direction). RNA primers were simultaneously created by the primase enzyme and utilised by the polymerase to create new strands of RNA.Due to the 5′ - 3′ orientation of the DNA polymerase enzyme, two types of strands are formed.
LEADING STRAND - A DNA polymerase with high processivity that has the direction 5′ - 3′ (template strand 3′-5′) extends the continuous strand from the primer in the same direction as the replication fork that is expanding. One RNA primer is applied to the leading strand. LAGGING STRAND - It is the discontinuous strand whose synthesis is going in the opposite direction of the replication fork that is developing. Each primer extends the lagging strand intermittently to create Okazaki fragments. A low processivity DNA polymerase that is different from the replicative polymerase enters to fill the gaps after RNase eliminates the priming RNA pieces. Multiple primers are applied to the lagging strand, and then the Okazaki fragments are joined by the ligase enzyme, filling in the gaps.TERMINATION - Replication forks meet and end at several locations throughout the chromosome because eukaryotes start DNA replication at various locations; it is unknown how these are controlled. Termination necessitates the halting or blocking of the DNA replication fork's forward motion. When termination occurs at a particular locus, it includes the interaction of two elements: (1) a DNA sequence known as a termination site sequence, and (2) a protein that binds to this region to actually cease DNA replication.- Thank you.
Which of the following would NOT affect a baby's size?
A. Both parents are very small.
B. The father eats poorly during the pregnancy.
C. Mother smokes while pregnant.
D. The mother eats poorly during the pregnancy.
Reset Selection
Answer:
B
Explanation:
What the father eats would not affect the size of a baby
Choose any one of these properties of blood homeostasis to describe how and why substances in the blood and filtrate are secreted or reabsorbed.
Description:
The nephron uses the process of urine formation to maintain blood homeostases, such as pH balance, blood pressure, and osmotic pressure. Figure 1 shows the transport of substances between the filtrate in parts of the nephron and the blood in capillaries.
The substances in the blood are reabsorbed due to its usage in our body whereas the filtrate are secreted due to its harmful nature.
Describe how and why substances in the blood and filtrate are secreted or reabsorbed?The filtrate absorbed in the glomerulus and flows through the renal tubule, where nutrients and water are reabsorbed into capillaries that are used by the body in different processes. During this process, the waste and hydrogen ions pass from the capillaries into the renal tubule which is called secretion. Kidney is the organ where the absorption of nutrients and removal of waste from the blood occur.
So we can conclude that substances in the blood are reabsorbed due to its usage in our body whereas the filtrate are secreted due to its harmful nature.
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Part C
AP wave is a type of seismic wave called a longitudinal wave, or pressure wave. Longitudinal waves occur when the
material that carries the wave is compressed and stretched. Aside from seismic waves, what is an example of a
longitudinal wave that you have observed?
Answer:
Sound wave is an another example of longitudinal wave. Sound wave is a vibration that is transmitted through a medium, such as air, water, and metals. Ultrasonic wave is defined as “inaudible sound with high frequency for human” the frequency of which generally exceeds 20 kHz. These days, sound wave which is not intended to be heard is also called ultrasonic wave.
Answer: A wave traveling through a compressed spring or a sound wave traveling through the air are examples of longitudinal waves.
Explanation: Simple answer from Edmentum
Which of the following are NOT criteria for the definition of a species? A. Produce fertile offspring B. Can Interbreed C. Share physiological characteristics D. Has the same DNA sequence
Answer:
C) Physical characteristics.
Name each structure
Answer:
The brochuus
hope I helped.
Explain in your own words why there is uncertainty in science. What can scientists do to reduce uncertainty in science?
There is uncertainty in science because of limited technology of the time.
Why there is uncertainty in science?Uncertainty is critical for science because it compels the scientists to engage in new investigation and research. It is very important to rather it means an absence of certainty in science which is okay because uncertainty of science leads to new investigations, experiments and researches. With the passage of time, our technology get advanced day by day which leads to new discoveries and inventions.
So we can conclude that there is uncertainty in science because of limited technology of the time.
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When is a mutation considered beneficial?
A. when it decreases an organisms life span
B. when it decreases an organism's fertility rates.
C. when it gives an organism an evolutionary advantage
D. when it makes an organism more vulnerable to predators
Answer:
C!
Explanation:
Of course you would want to evolve against your predators! Many examples of this include camouflage, gills, or mimicry. Hope this helps!
how does afforest station help to balance environment
Explanation:
The ever and ever increasing demand for wood fuel, gas, timber, building materials, and many other consumer products are exerting more and more pressure on the earth’s natural resources, living organisms, and natural cycles responsible for maintaining a balance on earth.
Natural resources such as the water systems, fertile soil, clean air, vegetation cover, wildlife, indigenous plant species, and natural cycles such as the oxygen and nitrogen cycles, and food chains need trees for their continuity and balance.
Explanation:
afforestation makes the earth a better place by reducing the carbon footprint or carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Phosphorous (P) and chlorine (Cl) bond covalently to form the important industrial compound phosphorous trichloride. The diagrams below show the electron structures of phosphorous and chlorine. On left, a purple circle labeled P surrounded by 3 concentric circles. The inner circle has 2 small green spheres. The second circle has 8 small green spheres. The third circle has 5 small green spheres. On right, a purple circle labeled C l surrounded by 3 concentric circles. The inner circle has 2 small green spheres. The middle circle has 8 small green spheres. The outer circle has 7 small green spheres. Which diagram shows how the covalent bonds most likely form in a phosphorous trichloride molecule? At center, P connected above by 2 lines to C l with 2 dots each on right, left, top. Also connected by 1 line at left to C l with 2 dots each above, below, left. Also connected by 1 line at right to C l with 2 dots each above, below, right. At center, P connected above by 2 lines to C l with 2 dots each on right, left, top. Also connected by 2 lines at left to C l with 2 dots each above, left. Also connected by 2 lines at right to C l with 2 dots each above, right. At center, P connected above by 1 line to C l with 2 dots each on right, left, top. Also connected by 1 line at left to C l with 2 dots each above, below, left. Also connected by 1 line at right to C l with 2 dots each above, below, right. P also has 2 dots below. At center, P connected above by 2 lines to C l with 2 dots each on right, left, top. Also connected by 1 line at left to C l with 2 dots each above, below. Also connected by 1 line at right to C l with 2 dots each above, below.
The chlorine atoms are all arranged around the phosphorus central atom in a trigonal pyramidal geometry.
What is the structure of a molecule?We know that a molecule is made up of atoms, the atoms that make up a molecule are arranged in a definite pattern. The pattern that these atoms are arranged along with the positioning of electron pairs around the central atom is what determines the shape of the molecule.
Now we know that the phosphorous trichloride molecule is composed of one atom of phosphorus and three atoms of chlorine which are all held by covalent bonds.
The chlorine atoms are all arranged around the phosphorus central atom in a trigonal pyramidal geometry. The small green spheres shows the electrons that surround the chlorine atom.
The correct structure of the phosphorous trichloride have been shown in the image attached to this answer.
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What happens when the number of organisms in an environment is higher than the carrying capacity? A. The population will increase slowly. B. The population remains the same. C. The population will increase quickly. D. The population will decrease.
Answer:
When the number of organisms in an ecosystem exceeds the carrying capacity, the population will decrease.
Please see the explanation!
Explanation:
The maximum that can be maintained forever is the concept of "carrying capacity." This can only be rationally understood as the highest number that can be maintained using exclusively renewable resources. It can only be exceeded by using resources more quickly than they can be replenished.
The population gets wiped out (not by old age mortality) back to the number that can be maintained using only renewable resources when those resources become limited, as they must by definition.
Remember that every population is trying to expand, therefore if a species finds a resource that it can use more quickly than it replenishes, the population will undoubtedly expand to use that newly discovered capability. Another way to put this is to say that when the species average is x newborns and the subsistence supply is steady, (x-2)/x children must perish. Less offspring must perish than the formula predicts when the species finds a new non-renewable source of food, increasing the subsistence supply.
It should be noted that there are plainly too many people in the world. Over the past few hundred years, we have developed various technologies that have increased subsistence extraction and decreased waste. Of course, we have multiplied to occupy that additional space. In order to provide enough food to sustain 7+ billion people at once, we need fossil fuels and a number of other resources that do not replenish as quickly as we use them. The last time humanity were able to maintain their population on exclusively renewable resources, there were less than 1 billion people. Be aware that we have never been able to raise subsistence production as quickly as we have sought to increase our population. We have always had an average of too many infants, as seen by the starvation-related child mortality that affects some populations.
Thank you,
Eddie
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) You ask your lab partner to inspire a normal tidal inspiration, and breathe out a normal tidal expiration, then exhale as forcibly as possible into the spirometer mouthpiece. As before, several measurements were taken. a. Measurement 1: 800 b. Measurement 2: 850 c. Measurement 3: 780 2 10 points
Calculate the average expiratory reserve volume (ERV). Round to the nearest whole number. Your lab partners average expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is
The average expiratory reserve volume or ERV is 810.
What is expiratory reserve volume?Expiratory reserve volume or ERV is the amount of air that is exhaled forcibly.This can be measured using a spirometer and is used to detect restrictive lung diseases.It is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after normal tidal volume is exhaled.Respiratory volume is the volume of air which is either inhaled, exhaled or stored in your lungs.The doctors estimate the reserve volume with the help of spirometer to determine some lung diseases.Once diagnosed with a lung disease, spirometry is used to monitor it.Here, 3 readings of ERV are taken, calculate the sum of the these and divide by 3 to calculate the average ERV.ERV= (800+ 850+ 780)/ 3= 810Learn about tidal volume here:
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Drag each tile to the correct location.
Sort the statements based on whether they describe the lives of small stars, large stars, or both.
The correct location of each tile is as follows:
Small stars - It becomes a white dwarf when fusion endsSmall stars - It can fuse hydrogen for billions or trillions of yearsLarge stars - It may turn into a black hole at the end of its lifeLarge stars - It becomes a neutron star after the supernova phaseBoth - It increases in size when core hydrogen is used upWhat are stars?Stars are large celestial bodies which produce heat and light energy as a result of the nuclear reactions occurring within the core of the stars.
Stars are composed mostly of hydrogen and helium gas which undergo nuclear fusion reactions.
Stars have lifespans, and the fate of the star at the end of its lifespan depend on whether they are small or large stars.
The correct description and as such location of each tile is as follows:
Stars that become white dwarves when fusion ends are Small stars.
Stars that can fuse hydrogen for billions or trillions of years are Small stars.
Stars that may turn into a black hole at the end of their lives are Large stars.
Stars that become a neutron star after the supernova phase are Large stars.
Both Large and small stars increase in size when core hydrogen is used up.
In conclusion, stars produce heat and light energy by means of fusion reactions.
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15 Answer:
According to modern atomic theory, _____ can't move from one energy
level to another.
16 Answer:
Quarks make up all the known particles of the nucleus.
a. true
b. false
17 Answer:
A weak force "glues" protons together in the nucleus.
a. true
b. false
18 Answer:
Electromagnetic force is the force of attraction which exists between
all objects.
a. true
b. false
19 Answer:
Particles smaller than an atom are called subatomic particles.
a. true
b. false
20 Answer:
The atomic mass of an element never changes.
a. true
b. false
Proton, true, true, true and false are the answers of the given questions.
Which particle can't move from one energy level to another?According to modern atomic theory, proton can't move from one energy level to another but the electron move from one energy level to another energy level when the energy is absorbed.
Quarks make up protons and neutrons that make up an atom's nucleus. Each proton and each neutron contains three quarks. The particle that carries the strong force is called a gluon, so-named because it so tightly "glues" quarks together into larger particles. Electromagnetic force is the force of attraction that is present between all objects. This force of attraction make them attached to one another.
Subatomic particles are electrons which is negatively charged and the positively charged protons and the electrically neutral neutrons.
An elements atomic number will never change but atomic mass can change that we call these isotopes. The atomic mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In an isotope you have more neutrons than you have protons.
So we can conclude that proton, true, true, true and false are the answers of the given questions.
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is whistling higher pitch or is singing higher pitch
Answer: Singing , as whistleing does not even involve your larynx
Explanation:
Name three methods of disrupting cells before fractionation
Extraction, homogenization, and centrifugation are the three processes in cell fractionation.
Cell fractionation is a method for dividing cellular components while yet maintaining each component's unique functionality. This technique was initially applied to show where distinct biochemical activities are located within cells. Subcellular fractionation is also used to help with illness detection and to offer an enhanced source of protein for further purification. To prevent osmotic damage, tissue is routinely homogenized in an isotonic buffer solution. Grinding, mincing, chopping, pressure changes, osmotic shock, freeze-thawing, and ultrasonic waves are a few of the mechanisms for homogenization. After that, the samples are maintained cool to avoid enzymatic deterioration. It is the development of a uniform mass of cells (cell homogenate or cell suspension).
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machenical methods(french press... ' ultra sound and bead mill
enzymatic method
chemical method(detergents and solvents)
Explanation:
Give an example of a good hypothesis, and explain why a hypothesis is important.
Explanation:
it ensures the entire research methodologies are scientific and valid
IUPAC name of 2,2,3-trimethyl butane
Answer:
Triptane molecular formula C7H165. Which major consumer of oil is most vulnerable to disruption in the event of another energy crisis: electric power generation, motor vehicles, heating and air conditioning, or industry? Why?
6. Which of the following produces the most CO2 per unit of energy produced: oil, natural gas, or coal?
7. India, China, and the United States all have large coal reserves. Do you think any or all of them should build more coal-fired power plants over the next 20 years? If so, what technologies will help them minimize environmental impacts?
10 Examine the bar graph, which shows the six countries with the greatest natural gas deposits. Is most of the world’s natural gas located in North and South America, or in Europe and the Persian Gulf countries?
The major consumer of oil which is most vulnerable to disruption in the event of another energy crisis is industry.
The most of the world’s natural gas is located in Europe.
Coal produces the most CO2 per unit of energy produced
The bar graph which shows the six countries with the greatest natural gas deposits is attached.
Absolutely yes! all of these countries should build more coal-fired power plants over the next 20 years. This is simply because coal-fired power plants provide affordable, reliable and constant power that is available on demand to meet energy consumption needs.
The technologies which will help them minimize environmental impacts in coal-fired power plants are
Power generation.Concentrated solar power.Nuclear power plant.Virtual power plant.BiomassWhat is energy?Energy is the capacity of doing work.
Below are some forms of energy:
Nuclear energyPotential energyKinetic energyMechanical energySo therefore, the major consumer of oil which is most vulnerable to disruption in the event of another energy crisis is industry.
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Which of the following groups of organisms contains a cell wall?
I. Plantae
II. Animalia
III. Fungi
IV. Eubacteria
help now look at the picture
C
Weathering and erosion break down rocks back into sediment. heat and pressure makes metamorphic rocks
What is gravity’s role in plate tectonics?
Answer:
Gravity causes them to slide downwards
gravity causes
1. everything to be pulled to the center
2. earth's tectonic plates to move
3. one plate to go under another plate
4. the plate that went under to go into the mantle
realonomicsnet
msnucleusorg
tutor2unet
According to the fluid-mosaic model of a cell membrane, the main component of a membrane is:______
Answer:
phospholipids
Explanation:
phospholipids are a type of lipid that make up the cell membrane they are amphipathic meaning they have both hydrophobic parts which do not readily mix with water and hydrophilic parts which mix with water
The monomer of DNA is composed of what three parts
A monomer of DNA is composed of nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group.
What is the composition of DNA?A DNA molecule is made up of several repeating units called nucleotides.Each nucleotide is made up of 3 parts: base, sugar and phosphate.Nitrogen bases are cyclic carbon compounds and are of two types: Purines (Adenine and Guanine) and Pyrimidines (Cytosine and Thymidine).Purines bond with pyrimidines to form double helix of DNA.The sugar has pentose structure and is deoxyribose as it lacks 2’- OH group.The 1’ Carbon of sugar is attached to the 9’ nitrogen of purine or 1’ nitrogen of pyrimidine by glycosidic bond.The 5’ carbon of sugar is attached to phosphate group.The phosphate group is pentavalent with a double bonded oxygen and three single bond hydroxyl molecules.Learn about genetic material here:
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How can scientist explain our ability to feel empathy? Can evolution explain the types of group’s primates will organize themselves in? What is different about Homo sapiens from other non-human primates? Does this explanation make sense to you? Why or why not?
Empathy is a feeling that, in short, represents the ability to put yourself in the other person's shoes. This encompasses thoughts, actions or feelings regarding whatever subject is being addressed.
Can evolution explain the types of primates in the group into which they will organize themselves?As they age, the saddles become larger and eventually cover most of their backs. The most common social group pattern among semi-terrestrial primates is the multimale-multifemale group. With this pattern, there are no stable heterosexual bonds--both males and females have a number of different mates.
How is Homo sapiens different from other non-human primates?Upright posture, arms shorter than legs, extraordinary brains. While the natural "lottery" acted on these and other characteristics, primitive man climbed a new rung of the evolutionary scale. "In evolutionary terms, it is important to think that it is not adaptation that arises to respond to environmental needs; a variation happens and the environment ends up favoring it"
With this information, we can conclude that We are all descendants of Homo sapiens that originated in Africa. Thanks to genetics, we know that all Homo sapiens are descended from an African woman who lived about 200,000 years ago.
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Which two fats are the most preferred sources of energy in the body?
Saturated and unsaturated fats are the two fats are the most preferred sources of energy in the body.
What is fat?The term "fat" can refer to any ester of fatty acids or a mixture of them.These molecules most frequently appear in food or living things.A glycerol backbone and three fatty acid tails make up the two types of components that make up a fat molecule. In contrast to glycerol, which is a small chemical molecule with three hydroxyl (OH) groups, fatty acids are composed of a long hydrocarbon chain coupled to a carboxyl group.The term "saturated fat" refers to a fat that contains only single bonds in its fatty acid chains.Glycerides, a kind of fat, are made of fatty acids, which each contain a long chain of carbon atoms that can be linear or branched, and glycerol, which has a short backbone.Unsaturated fat is a fatty acid that has two carbons that share a double or triple bond and is not entirely saturated with hydrogen atoms.Learn more about fat here:
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How would breathing be affected if a bullet makes a hole in the thoracic cavity?
If a bullet makes a hole in the thoracic cavity then that can cause air to enter the pleural cavity directly from the outside.
The second-largest hollow region in the body is the thoracic cavity, often known as the chest cavity. The sternum, or breastbone, the spinal column, and the ribs encompass it. The diaphragm, a muscular and membrane wall, separates it from the abdominal cavity, the body's largest hollow region.
Organs and tissues that are involved in the immune (thymus), cardiovascular (heart, pericardium, great vessels, lymphatics), nervous (vagus nerve, sympathetic chain, phrenic nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve), respiratory (lungs, bronchi, trachea, pleura), and digestive (oesophagus) systems are found in the thoracic cavity.
The sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and diaphragm all surround the area of the thoracic cavity. The mediastinum and the chest cavity, where the lungs are located, comprise one compartment.
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