The genetic change causes alterations in only one or a few nucleotide bases in known as mutation.
A mutation is a change in a brief section of a genome's nucleotide sequence. Another frequently replaces one nucleotide in point mutations; other changes involve the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides.
Errors in DNA replication or the harmful effects of mutagens, such as chemicals and radiation, which react with DNA and alter the architecture of individual nucleotides, are the leading causes of mutations.
DNA repair enzymes are present in all cells and work to reduce the frequency of mutations. These enzymes reduce genetic information loss, double-strand break formation, and DNA crosslinking by repairing DNA damage.
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The hydrophobicity plot assigns each amino acid a hydrophobic value based on the method by kyte and doolittle. What can be inferred from the plot?
The hydrophobicity plot tells us about the location of transmembrane helices.
What is hydrophobicity plot?Hydrophobicity plots are used to predict the location of turns in proteins.In 1982, Kyte and Doolittle gave a hydrophobicity scale which gives each amino acid a hydrophobicity value.A hydrophobicity plot is drawn between the residue number versus residue hydrophobicity. These hydropathy plots are used to determine the transmembrane helices of proteins.The transmembrane helices are present in the non polar area (hydrophobic) of the lipid membrane whereas the other parts are present in polar areas (hydrophilic).Thus by computing the hydrophobicity value and plotting it on a graph we can find the loops and turns in proteins. Nowadays there are many hydrophobicity scales determining the hydrophobicity value of amino acids.Learn about amino acids here:
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The great alveolar cells secrete a phospholipid-protein mixture called pulmonary surfactant.
a. true
b. false
What are some of the benefits of breastfeeding for the neonate, besides nutritional value?
Good Morning. . . Ohayo. . .Please Answer this Question. . .
Which Part of Brain is Responsible for Dreams?
Answer: The hippocampus
Explanation:
In the brain's temporal lobe, the hippocampus has the ability to imagine, remember, and dream. In other words, the hippocampus is responsible for dreams.
What term is used to describe a solution of lower osmolarity compared to one with a higher osmolarity?
When two solutions have different osmolarity, the solution with lower osmolarity is called hypoosmotic
What is osmolarity?The term osmolarity defines the total concentration of solute particles present in a particular volume of solution.
If a solution has a high amount of solute particles in one litre of solution, this solution is termed to have high osmolarity. If a solution has a low amount of solute particles per litre of solution, it is said to have low osmolarity.
When comparing two solutions of different osmolarities, the solution with higher osmolarity will be called hypertonic and the solution with lower osmolarity is called hypotonic.
Therefore, the term used to describe a solution of lower osmolarity compared to a solution of higher osmolarity is hypotonic.
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Conventional genetic analyses of prions involving rrna sequences are impossible because?
Conventional genetic analyses of prions involving rrna sequences are impossible because Prions do not contain nucleic acids
The name "prions" refers to aberrant, pathogenic agents that are transmissible and capable of inducing improper folding of specific normal cellular proteins known as prion proteins, which are abundant in the brain.
Prions are virus-like creatures that contain a prion protein. These elongated fibrils (green) are thought to be protein aggregations from the infectious prion. Prions cause neurodegenerative brain illness by attacking nerve cells. Symptoms of "mad cow" include glassy eyes and uncontrollable bodily trembling.
Prion disorders develop when normal prion protein, which is found on the surface of many cells, becomes aberrant and clumps in the brain, causing harm to the brain.
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Conventional genetic analyses of prions involving rrna sequences are impossible because Prions do not contain nucleic acids.
Prions are misfolded proteins that have the ability to transmit their misfolded shape onto normal variants of the same protein. They characterize several fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases in humans and many other animals. It is not known what causes a normal protein to misfold, but the resulting abnormal three-dimensional structure confers infectious properties by collapsing nearby protein molecules into the same shape.
The word prion is derived from the term, "proteinaceous infectious particle". In comparison to all other known infectious agents such as viroids, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, all of which contain nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, or both), the hypothesized role of a protein as an infectious agent stands in contrast.
Prion isoforms of the prion protein (PrP), whose specific function is uncertain, are hypothesized as the cause of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), including scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle (commonly known as "mad cow disease") and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in humans.
All known prion diseases in mammals affect the structure of the brain or other neural tissue; all are progressive, have no known effective treatment, and are always fatal. Until 2015, all known mammalian prion diseases were caused by the prion protein (PrP); however, in 2015 it was hypothesized that multiple system atrophy (MSA) was caused by a prion form of alpha-synuclein.
Prions are a type of intrinsically disordered protein, which change their conformation unless they are bound to a specific partner such as another protein. With a prion, two protein chains are stabilized if one binds to another in the same conformation. The probability of this happening is low, but once it does the combination of the two is very stable. Then more units can get added, making a sort of "fibril". Prions form abnormal aggregates of proteins called amyloids, which accumulate in infected tissue and are associated with tissue damage and cell death. Amyloids are also responsible for several other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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What occurs as the eardrum vibrates and causes the auditory ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate?
What is the difference between nutation and barycenter?
(I at least need 3 sentences minimum. thank u!)
Generally speaking, precession is believed to occur as a result of the gravitational forces exerted by the sun and moon as they revolve around the earth. When an object revolves, its axis of rotation exhibits a nodding or swish motion. There is a wobble in the movement of precession. This phenomenon is caused by the gravitational pull exerted by one body upon another, resulting in nutation.
Hope this helps :)
Which is abiotic?
tree sap
insect
sunlight
tree stump
Answer: C: Sunlight
Explanation:
Edge 2022
Answer:
C
Explanation:
In response to a specific stimulus, autonomic reflex arcs can trigger which responses?
In response to a specific stimulus, autonomic reflex arcs can trigger smooth muscle contraction, cardiac muscle contraction and secretion by glands.
An element of the peripheral nervous system that controls unconscious physiological functions is the autonomic nervous system. The reflex arc is a unique kind of neural circuit that starts with a sense neuron at a receptor (for instance, a pain receptor in the fingertip) and ends with a motor neuron at an effector (e.g., a skeletal muscle).
Heart rate, digestion, respiration, salivation, sweat, pupillary dilation, micturition (urination), and sexual desire are all influenced by the ANS. Because sympathetic and parasympathetic activation are recruited quickly and synchronously, autonomic reflex arcs are complicated in character.
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In a humid-temperate climate such as that of pennsylvania or washington, dc, weathering breaks down granite to produce?
In a humid-temperate climate such as that of Pennsylvania or Washington, dc, weathering breaks down granite to produce Quartz sand, clay, and rust, that stay to help make soil, while some ions dissolve and wash away.
Weathering of granite in Pennsylvania or Washington DC or other places where abundant rain falls makes some things (clay, rust, and quartz sand) that stay behind to contribute to soil, and other things (soluble ions) that dissolve and wash away very quickly.
Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering. Once a rock has been broken down, a process called erosion transports the bits of rock and mineral away. No rock on Earth is hard enough to resist the forces of weathering and erosion.
Weathering is often divided into the processes of mechanical weathering and chemical weathering
Biological weathering, in which living or once-living organisms contribute to weathering, can be a part of both processes. Mechanical weathering, also called physical weathering and disaggregation, causes rocks to crumble. Chemical weathering changes the molecular structure of rocks and soil. For instance, carbon dioxide from the air or soil sometimes combines with water in a process called carbonation.Here is the complete question -
Q. In a humid-temperate climate such as that of Pennsylvania or Washington, DC, weathering breaks down granite to produce:
(a)Quartz sand and rust, that stay to help make soil, while aluminium, potassium and other ions dissolve and wash away.
(b)Quartz sand, clay, and rust, that stay to help make soil, while some ions dissolve and wash away.
(c)Diet Pepsi.
(d)Quartz sand and clay, that stay to help make soil, while iron and other ions dissolve and wash away.
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Explain the elements needed in the nursing assessment of mrs. rogers’ musculoskeletal system.
Since the patient has an osteoporosis history, a musculoskeletal assessment is necessary.
In musculoskeletal assessment, the nurse should Inspect the axial and appendicular skeletons for alignment, contour, symmetry, size, and gross deformities.
Bones and muscles must be palpated to check for tenderness, heat, and oedema. The nurse should percuss the spine for tenderness.
Assessment of joints for motion should be done for this the nurse should know the expected movement of every joint. The muscles must be tested for strength bilaterally.
The patient's past surgeries, injuries and illness must be recorded with the family history of disease associated with musculoskeletal (for example, arthritis, osteoporosis, etc)
Disclaimer: The question is not complete.
Jolly Rogers, a 72-year-old female client who lives alone in a townhouse, arrives to the medical-surgical unit after falling down seven icy steps in front of her home.
The vital signs are T. 97° F; BP, 130/80 mm Hg; HR, 88 beats/minute; RR, 22 breaths/minute. She is 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 120 lb. She has a history of osteoporosis and diabetes controlled with diet.
The client stated that she has pain in her right arm rated as 6/10, and pain in her right hip rated as 8/10. There is visible bruising and swelling at the right elbow.
The right leg appears shorter than the left leg, with external rotation of the leg and inability to move it and bruising and oedema at the site. The LPN/LVN needs to perform a complete musculoskeletal system assessment.
Explain the elements needed in the nursing assessment of Mrs. Rogers' musculoskeletal system.
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What is the term for the period of growth and development from fertilization of the ovum until birth
Answer:
the term is (Gestation)
What molecule is both the starting compound and end result of the citric acid cycle?
Oxaloacetate is the starting compound and end result of the citric acid cycle.
Citric acid cycle:The primary energy-yielding metabolic route in cells is the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which provides the majority of the reduced coenzymes that will be oxidized by the electron transport chain to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The pathway is occasionally referred to as the Krebs' cycle or the citric acid cycle after its discoverer, Sir Hans Krebs. Citric acid cycle occurs in the intracellular space or matrix of the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
The cycle serves as the primary mechanism for the interconversion of 4- and 5-carbon molecules in the cell, many of which originate from or are intermediates in the synthesis of amino acids, in addition to its function in energy-yielding metabolism and the oxidation of 2-carbon units. In the fasted state, the primary precursor for gluconeogenesis is oxaloacetate, a significant cycle intermediary.
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Which of the following steps in wastewater treatment is an example of biotechnology?
Microorganisms are added to feed on solids in the wastewater.
Chlorine is added to disinfect wastewater before it is released.
Bar screening is used to separate solid wastes from liquid wastes.
Primary clarifiers allow solids to settle at the bottom of tanks.
The step in wastewater treatment that is an example of biotechnology is microorganisms are added to feed on solids in the wastewater (option A).
What is biotechnology?Biotechnology is the use of living organisms (especially microorganisms) in industrial, agricultural, medical and other technological applications.
Biotechnology is a combination of two words namely;
Bio meaning lifeTechnology meaning practical application of knowledgeBiotechnology also refers to the application of the principles and practices of engineering and technology to the life sciences.
According to this question, treating wastewater using biotechnology involves the use of microorganisms to feed on the solids in the wastewater.
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Hybridomas, which produce monoclonal antibodies, are made by fusing cells of the immune system with.
Monoclonal antibodies are made by the fusion of cells of the immune system with B lymphocytes and myeloma cells.
What is Hybridoma technology?It is one of the best technologies that is used to produce the monoclonal antibody.In this hybridoma technology the B lymphocytes that are antibody producing are isolated from a source after the immunization with a specific antigen and then are fused with myeloma cell line to form hybrid cells that are also called as hybridoma cell lines.The hybridoma cell lines are then cultured in the laboratory with specific antigen and then the monoclonal antibodies are produced.This can be done in in-vivo or in-vitro condition.This method is preferred over all because the production of antibodies by this method is good as the antibodies produced are of high purity and highly sensitive and specific.These cell lines can also be preserved for a long time.Hybridoma technology has resulted in production of different varieties of monoclonal antibodies with specificity with specific antigens as the monoclonal antibodies are produced by single parental B cells.To know more about Antibodies visit:
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Lake jackson has disappeared and reappeared about four times since 1907. which of these most likely caused lake jackson to disappear and reappear? weight of water collapses limestone below it; water drains into the sinkhole pollution due to factories; water evaporates quickly high atmospheric temperature; water evaporates quickly natural absorption of water by the land; water drains into the aquifer
Water drains into the sinkhole pollution due to factories
The lake was created as limestone gradually dissolved, causing the sediment layer above it to collapse and creating the lake basin. Low lake levels and slow draining can be caused by bottom leaks, sinkholes, and swallets, long-term dryness, and a lack of recent, strong rainfall events.
What causes lake Jackson to disappear ?Before the lake dried up, those walking along the shore of the sinkhole at Lake Jackson on Thursday would have been in three to four feet of water.
Environmentalists refer to the process as a "dry down," and it occurs every ten or twenty years. The likelihood of causes includes dry weather, a lack of rain, and a decreased water table.The lake will typically begin to fill again after the sinkhole plugs itself, sometimes taking years to do so pre sinkhole levelLearn more about Lake Jackson here:
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Answer:
Sinkhole
Explanation:
You could probably look it up to, but they say that lake Jackson the Lake disappear cause of a sinkhole.
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A plant that is homozygous for red fruit is crossed with a plant that has yellow fruit Wjat will be the genotype and phenotype of the offspring
The genotype of the offspring of the cross is Yy, and since yellow is dominant over red, the phenotype of the offspring is yellow fruit.
What will be the genotype and phenotype of the offspring?
The genotype is the inherited genetic traits from the parents.
The phenotype is the physical expression of the inherited genotype from the parents.
The parents are plant that is hom0zygous for red fruit that is crossed with a plant that has yellow fruit.
Assuming that Yellow is dominant over red.
Let the Y be yellow and y be red fruit color.
Genotype of the parents will be YY and yy.
The cross is given below:
YY x yy = Yy, Yy, Yy, Yy
The genotype of the offspring of the cross is Yy, and since yellow is dominant over red, the phenotype of the offspring is yellow fruit.
In conclusion, the genotype and phenotype of the offspring depends on that of the parents.
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What name is given to the collection of enzymes that hydrolyze organic phosphate-containing molecules?
Phosphatases is given to the collection of enzymes that hydrolyze organic phosphate-containing molecules.
What do phosphatases enzymes do?
An enzyme called a phosphatase takes a phosphate group out of a protein. Together, these two groups of enzymes control how a cell's proteins behave, frequently in response to outside stimuli.Do phosphatases hydrolyze?
A phosphatase is an enzyme in biology that breaks down phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol using water. A phosphatase enzyme is a subclass of a hydrolase since it catalyzes the hydrolysis of its substrate.What is the function of a phosphatase?
Proteins with phosphorylated amino acids are removed by phosphatases. A phosphatase helps change the activity of a protein by removing the phosphate group from a phosphorylated amino acid.Learn more about phosphatase
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If species a provides a habitat to species b as part of a mutualistic relationship, what is the probable effect on the abundance and distribution of species b?
Species B will not be able to survive outside the range of the species A.
What is mutualistic relationship?Relationship between creatures of different species that is mutualistic and advantageous to both parties, predation.Mutualism is a sort of symbiotic association in which all of the participating species gain from one another.When two organisms of different species "operate together," they are said to be in a mutualistic relationship since they both gain from it. The interaction between the oxpecker and the rhinoceros or zebra is an illustration of a mutualistic partnership.The word "mutualist" denotes that the host and the tiny partner are the other participants involved in the mutualism. For instance, ants eat and drink acacia tree nectar to survive. In this case, the mutualists are ants, and the hosts are acacia trees. Ants have a place to live and food to eat in the acacia tree.Learn more about mutualistic relationship here:
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Can someone help me summarize these advantages?
Question: What are some advantages of gene technology over long term plant breeding.
Answer: Modern GM methods are simply more precise, scientists stress. Whereas traditional plant breeding involves thousands of shared genes every time two plants are crossed, GM technology allows, if desired, for the exchange of a single gene between plants. GM procedures are also much faster. In months or years, molecular scientists can accomplish the same degree of alteration that might have taken Nature millions of years to achieve.
The capacity of photosynthesis to convert __________ energy into __________ energy provides both a nutritional and an energy basis for all heterotrophic living things.
The capacity of photosynthesis to convert Solar energy into Chemical energy provides both a nutritional and an energy basis for all heterotrophic living things.
Green plants and certain other organisms convert solar energy into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis.
Light energy is gathered and utilized during photosynthesis in green plants to change water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen- and energy-rich organic molecules.
In many different ways, photosynthesis is advantageous to heterotrophs. They rely on the method for the creation of oxygen, which happens to be a result of photosynthesis.
Additionally, photosynthesis maintains the autotrophs on which heterotrophs rely for survival.
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A silver coin rubs vigorously against a wool cloth. the cloth becomes positively charged. which statements are true?
The silver coin gained electrons.
The wool cloth lost electrons.
How does the transfer of electrons take place?
It is a given that woolen material becomes positively charged when a silver coin is rubbed against it. Since electrons are negatively charged particles, when a piece of clothing becomes positively charged, it has lost electrons.
However, because static electricity is created during rubbing, and if one substance becomes positively charged, the other will become negatively charged, a silver coin will absorb this negatively charged electron from the wool fabric and thus become negatively charged.
As a result, both choices B and C are accurate.
I understand the question you are looking for is this:
A silver coin rubs vigorously against a wool cloth. The cloth becomes positively charged. Which statements are true?
The silver coin lost electrons.The silver coin gained electrons.The wool cloth lost electrons.The wool cloth gained protons.The wool cloth lost protons.Learn more about transfer of charge here:
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An increase of _____ increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water.
An increase in Antidiuretic hormone increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water.
The brain releases a substance called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which makes the kidneys release less water and reduces the volume of urine generated. The body makes less pee when its antidiuretic hormone level is high. A low level causes more urine to be produced. Water is retained, blood volume rises, and symptoms such as nausea, headaches, confusion, lethargy, and low blood sodium may occur if there is too much antidiuretic hormone.
The kidneys will secrete too much water because of low anti-diuretic hormone levels. Dehydration and a drop in blood pressure will result from an increase in urine output. antidiuretic hormone is a chemical that is created in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain. The pituitary gland, located near the base of the brain, then releases it.
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Land that used to be a meadow is converted to a housing development. the next year, fewer milkweed flowers are observed. what happened?
A former meadow is turned into a housing complex, and the next year, fewer milkweed blooms are seen due to pollination.
What applications does milkweed have?
The herb has also been used medicinally despite the danger of poisoning. Many native cultures chewed the roots of milkweed to heal diarrhea and used the sap to remove warts. Infusions and salves were also made from it to treat asthma, coughing, fevers, rashes, and swelling.
What kind of soil is ideal for milkweed growth?
In regions with more rainfall, like the eastern United States, milkweed thrives. Asclepias tuberosa, sometimes known as butterfly weed, thrives in drier climates like those in the western United States. Sand or gravelly soils are required. The Clay variety is an anomaly since it thrives on heavier soils, especially dry clay. Plant under the intense sun.
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In the near future, the benefits of biofuel production may be enjoyed while reducing the impact on the global production of grain. One such promising approach is to In the near future, the benefits of biofuel production may be enjoyed while reducing the impact on the global production of grain. One such promising approach is to:____.
a. use the large amounts of animal wastes to produce ethanol.
b. produce biofuels from grasses and timber wastes instead of from corn. c. find ways to convert oil and natural gas into ethanol. d. bioengineer cattle and goats to produce ethanol in their milk.
One way to reduce the impact of the of the production of biofuel on grain security is to use the large amounts of animal wastes to produce ethanol.
What is biofuel?The term biofuel refers to a fuel that is produced from living things. This advent of biofuels have shed light on an emerging source of clean energy and renewable energy. The challenge that we have to face in the production of biofuel /is its impact on grain.
Thus, one way to reduce the impact of the of the production of biofuel on grain security is to use the large amounts of animal wastes to produce ethanol.
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What explains why the abdomen of the drop keeping mosquito is cooler than the head
A Final statement or concluding statement
The mosquito uses evaporative cooling to stay cool. A noticeable temperature gradient can be seen along the mosquito's body as a result of the abdomen's temperature falling due to the retention of the fluid drop attached to it. They are able to avoid the harmful physiological effects of thermal stress thanks to this drop in temperature.
How does weather affect mosquito?Mosquitoes go dormant at 50 degrees or lower. However, the mosquitoes are not actually killed by the cold winter temperatures. Mosquitoes have established modifications that enable them to hibernate during cold conditions, as long as the temperature is within a typical range for your region. Some species, which would perish in the cold, have reproductive techniques that allow the eggs to live and hatch the next season when the weather warms up. Even in Alaska, mosquito problems exist.
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(PLEASE ANSWER ASAP, WILL MARK BRAINLIEST)
Analyze the given diagram of the carbon cycle below.
Part 1: Which process does arrow F represent?
Part 2: Explain how matter is conserved during the process.
Part 3: Justify why this process is a recycling of carbon in the carbon cycle.
Use complete sentences to explain your answer.
The answers include the following:
Arrow F represents transpiration.Matter is conserved through the process in which carbon from carbon dioxide leaves and enters into the atmosphere.This process is a recycling of carbon in the carbon cycle because it involves it travelling the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth in a repeated manner.What is Carbon cycle?
This refers to the biogeochemical cycle in which carbon is reused through different types of mechanisms and actions.
This process involves carbon travelling the atmosphere into organisms in the earth in a repeated fashion through methods such as respiration, transpiration etc which is how recycling works.
This is therefore the reason why it can be regarded as the process which involves matter and conservation and recycling.
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Which proteins can activate free nerve endings, such as itch receptors and nociceptors?
Kinins, antigens, histamines, potassium ions, prostaglandins can activate free nerve endings. Thus, option A, B, C, D, E are correct.
What is nociceptors ?
A specialized receptor in some first order neurons activated through various noxious stimuli known as nociceptors.
These receptors are unencapsulated cutaneous receptors as It is located at the free nerve endings of the primary afferent neuron.
It can be seen in the skin, muscle, joints, bone, and some brain parts.
There are different types of nociceptors such as mechanical, Chemical, Thermal, mechano-thermal nociceptors and Polymodal nociceptors.
Hence, option A,B,C,D and E are correct.
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Your question was incomplete. The probable question was
Which proteins can activate free nerve endings, such as itch receptors and nociceptors? Select all that apply.
Select one or more:
acetylcholine
histamines
prostaglandins
kinins
glucose
potassium ions
antigens
As a forest becomes fragmented into smaller and smaller patches, the effects of fragmentation on these patches.
As a forest becomes fragmented into smaller and smaller patches, the effects of fragmentation on these patches might result in the Edge effect.
What are the effects of Fragmentation?The fragmentation of habitat is a serious issue all across the planet. Even a small reduction in the total area of wild areas is unacceptable.However, it can compromise the integrity of entire ecosystems when fragmentation is present.The so-called "edge effect" can also result from fragmentation. Some species prefer moist, shaded environments, including some mosses and lichens. As a forest area gets smaller, it's possible that they'll become exposed to too much light or a drying wind and vanish.The species with the largest home ranges can survive in a healthy forest because it is big enough for them. They can be quite vulnerable to fragmentation because they are typically the top predators.Many species may be unable to travel if their natural habitat is fragmented, leading to their extinction.Hence, the Edge effect may occur as forest fragments into ever-tinier patches as a result of the impacts of fragmentation on these patches.
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