Exercise 3 Underline the word in parentheses that correctly completes each sentence.

The new job had a definite (affect, effect) on Priscilla’s family.

The following sentences have been completed with for and since.

1. Pam was in central America since last year

2. I've been a coll-ege student for al-most 4 years.

3. Hiroshi has be-en at work since 6:00 A.M.

4. I haven't gone to a par-ty since a long time.

5. Josh lived in Vene-zuela for 2 years as a kid.

6. My pa-rents have been on vac-ation since Mon-day.

7. Natalie was eng-aged to Danny for 6 months.

8. Alex & Brianna have be-en best friends since high sch-ool.

The wo-rd ‘for’ is used to sh-ow a period of time, in the pa-st, present or fut-ure. The word ‘since’ is us-ed to refer to a time (an action th-at begun in the past & is still con-tinuing).

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In the sentence "At noon, Karen encountered heavy traffic driving to the bank," there are no misplaced modifying phrases. The sentence is correct as it is.

The sentence "At noon, Karen encountered heavy traffic driving to the bank" does not contain any misplaced modifying phrases. The modifying phrase "At noon" appropriately modifies the verb "encountered," indicating the time of the event.

The phrase "driving to the bank" correctly modifies the noun "traffic," specifying the type of traffic encountered by Karen.

Since there are no misplaced modifying phrases in the sentence, it is grammatically correct and effectively conveys the intended meaning. The phrase placement accurately describes the timing of the encounter (noon) and the circumstances of the traffic (driving to the bank).

Therefore, the sentence is marked with a C, indicating its correctness.

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The sentence "Even though he was a gifted inventor, Nobel never attended a university." has correct end punctuation.

The sentence "Even though he was a gifted inventor, Nobel never attended a university." has correct end punctuation. It is a declarative sentence that ends with a period, which is the appropriate punctuation mark to indicate a complete thought or statement.

The sentence presents a fact about Alfred Nobel, stating that despite his giftedness as an inventor, he did not attend a university. The period at the end of the sentence properly signifies the end of the statement. Therefore, the sentence is punctuated correctly with the use of a period.

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The given incident involving Tim and Laurie cannot be considered an act of aggression because of the absence of a deliberate motive behind Tim's action.

Aggression is referred to as behavior that is intended to cause harm or injury to others. This behavior can take various forms and may be caused by various reasons, including emotional, physical, or environmental factors. The given scenario is about Tim, who dislikes his neighbor Laurie. Tim accidentally hits Laurie while she is riding her bike while he is pulling out of his driveway. However, Tim's action cannot be considered an act of aggression as it was not deliberate. This is because the given incident was not carried out with any intent to cause harm. As Tim accidentally hit Laurie, it wasn't deliberate, so it can't be categorized as an act of aggression. Therefore, the given incident cannot be considered an act of aggression.

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While celebrating finally not having a car, the individual was in danger of being burned as a wizard by a magical accident.

He was in grave danger of being labeled a wizard and subjected to the terrible punishment of being burned at the stake when, in an odd turn of events, he became the proud owner of his first car.

This ironic circumstance resulted from the prevalent phobias and superstitions regarding magic and witchcraft at the time. Despite his joy at not having a car, the ignorant townspeople mistook his unconventional knowledge of automotive mechanics for magic, and he ended up drawing suspicion for it.

In the midst of the paradoxical circumstances, rumors of his ability to make the vehicle move without visible means of propulsion spread like wildfire, leading to accusations of the dark arts and putting his life in danger.

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This letter is written on behalf of Capital Goods Pvt. Ltd. to M/s Khanna Plastic Works, informing them of a change in the order. Instead of 200 plastic chairs, the company now requires 200 steel chairs. The letter apologizes for any inconvenience caused and requests that the order be updated accordingly. The company expresses its satisfaction with the quality of products from Khanna Plastic Works and hopes that this change will not affect future collaboration.

Dear M/s Khanna Plastic Works,

I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing on behalf of Capital Goods Pvt. Ltd. regarding an order we had placed with your company for 200 plastic chairs. Unfortunately, we have made the decision to change our requirement from plastic chairs to steel chairs.

We understand that this change may cause inconvenience, and we apologize for any inconvenience caused. We have carefully evaluated our needs and believe that steel chairs will better suit our requirements. We appreciate your understanding in this matter.

In light of this change, we kindly request that you update our order to reflect the new requirement of 200 steel chairs. If there are any price differences or additional charges associated with this change, please provide us with the revised details.

We value our business relationship with Khanna Plastic Works and have always been satisfied with the quality of your products. We hope that this change will not affect our future collaboration. We assure you that we will continue to consider Khanna Plastic Works for any future requirements.

Thank you for your attention to this matter. We look forward to receiving the updated information regarding the revised order as soon as possible.

Yours sincerely,

[Your Name]
Senior Accountant
Capital Goods Pvt. Ltd., Chennai

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The font of the smoking brochure conveys the message through the font size, typeface, and color.

Font size affects the readability of the text, and the brochure's designer uses larger font sizes to capture attention, while smaller ones are used to convey additional information. Typeface is the style of the font that can convey different meanings. Sans-serif is commonly used in modern designs and conveys simplicity and minimalism. Serifs convey formality, elegance, and tradition. Script and handwritten fonts convey creativity and personal touch.

Color also affects the message conveyed by the brochure, with warm colors like orange, yellow, and red indicating warmth and excitement, while cool colors like blue, purple, and green suggest calmness and peacefulness. Colors such as black, white, and gray indicate neutrality, modernity, and sophistication. In conclusion, the font in the smoking brochure is used to convey a message and influence people's attitude towards smoking. By choosing the right font size, typeface, and color, the designer can make the brochure more engaging and informative to the reader.

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The correct verb to fill in the blank is "soar." Behind the floats, three huge balloons soar.

In the given sentence, the subject is "three huge balloons," which is a plural noun. When the subject is plural, the corresponding verb should also be in the plural form. Therefore, the correct verb choice is "soar," which is the plural form of the verb.

The verb "soar" agrees with the subject "three huge balloons" in number and tense. It indicates that the balloons are flying or rising high in the air. The word "soars" is the singular form of the verb, and it would be grammatically incorrect in this context because it does not match the plural subject.

Thus, to maintain subject-verb agreement, we use the plural verb form "soar" to complete the sentence correctly: "Behind the floats, three huge balloons soar."

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I love chicken sandwiches.

Does Steve like ice cream?

Pat is not talking to her friend at the moment.

My father teaches French at our school.

Sarah goes to the cinema on Saturdays.

What is Verb?

A verb is a word or a group of words that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. It is one of the main parts of speech in English and plays a central role in constructing sentences. Verbs are often used to describe actions (e.g., "run," "eat") or states of being (e.g., "is," "were"). They can also indicate a process, a condition, or a relationship between elements in a sentence.

Questions for the underlined parts:

How does she understand things?

Who are you going to the judo club with?

Why aren't you going to the party?

What are you working on for your school project?

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The verb that correctly completes the sentence by agreeing with the subject "Rain forests in a tropical area" is "are." Therefore, the underlined verb should be "are."

This ensures subject-verb agreement, where a plural subject requires a plural verb. In the given sentence, the subject is "Rain forests in a tropical area," which refers to multiple rain forests. When the subject is plural, the verb must also be plural to maintain proper agreement.

In this case, the verb "are" agrees with the plural subject "Rain forests in a tropical area." The word "are" is the present tense form of the verb "to be," used when referring to multiple entities or subjects.

Therefore, the correct completion of the sentence would be "Rain forests in a tropical area are warm and humid." This ensures subject-verb agreement, where a plural subject is matched with a plural verb form.

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To write an essay that compares and contrasts how medium or historical and cultural context affects the plot, characterization, and theme of two stories from different cultures, it is important to consider the unique elements that each story brings to the table.

The medium of a story refers to the form in which it is presented, such as a novel, short story, or film. The medium can greatly impact how the plot, characterization, and theme are developed. For example, a novel may have more space to delve into complex plotlines and develop multidimensional characters, whereas a short story may focus on a single event or character to convey its message.

Historical context plays a significant role in shaping the plot, characterization, and theme of a story. The events, values, and social norms of a particular time period can influence how conflicts are resolved, characters behave, and the overall message of the story. For instance, a story set during a time of war may explore themes of sacrifice and resilience, while a story set in a post-industrial era may delve into themes of alienation and societal change.

Cultural context, which encompasses the beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific culture, also impacts the plot, characterization, and theme. Different cultures have distinct storytelling traditions and themes that are rooted in their unique histories and experiences. For instance, a story from African folklore may incorporate themes of oral tradition and community, while a story from Japanese literature may explore themes of honor and duty.

In comparing and contrasting two stories from different cultures, it is important to analyze how their respective mediums, historical contexts, and cultural contexts shape their plot, characterization, and theme. By examining these factors, one can gain a deeper understanding of how different cultures approach storytelling and the impact it has on the overall narrative.

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The theory that has the assumptions that people are basically growth-oriented and increased awareness of self and others leads to improved self-esteem and personal functioning is the humanistic theory.

Humanistic theory is a psychological perspective that emphasizes an individual's ability to make choices and establish their own individuality. It emphasizes on human dignity, self-respect, self-worth, and capacity to achieve personal goals. In simple terms, it's a positive view of human nature that highlights the unique human potential and personal growth.The humanistic theory assumes that people are inherently good, creative, and capable of leading fulfilling lives. It recognizes that individuals have the freedom and willpower to make choices, which ultimately defines their identity. Moreover, it believes that a person's natural inclination is to strive towards self-actualization, which is a continuous process of growth and development.

This theory argues that individuals can only attain self-actualization when their basic needs like physiological, safety, love, and esteem are met. As people move towards self-actualization, their self-esteem and personal functioning improve.In conclusion, the humanistic theory has the assumptions that people are basically growth-oriented, and increased awareness of self and others leads to improved self-esteem and personal functioning.

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The word "tension" does not contain any prefixes or suffixes.

The word "tension" does not have any prefixes or suffixes. It is a standalone word that refers to a state of being stretched or strained, typically resulting from opposing forces or conflicting emotions. It can also describe the feeling of anticipation or unease in a situation.

While some words in the English language have prefixes or suffixes to modify their meanings or indicate grammatical functions, "tension" remains unchanged and does not require any additional affixes to convey its intended meaning. Therefore, no prefixes or suffixes can be underlined in the word "tension."

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The speaker cried bitterly after reaching home because they were rejected and humiliated while begging.

The speaker's bitter tears upon reaching home can be attributed to the rejection and humiliation they experienced while begging. Begging, by its nature, is an act of desperation and vulnerability, where individuals seek assistance or alms from others. In this particular instance, the speaker went out begging, likely due to dire circumstances or extreme poverty. However, instead of receiving empathy and support, they faced rejection and humiliation from the people they approached.

The act of begging itself can be emotionally challenging and degrading, as it requires individuals to expose their vulnerability and rely on the kindness of strangers. The speaker, already burdened by their circumstances, would have hoped for some compassion and understanding from others. However, the harsh reality of being turned away or met with disdain would have intensified their feelings of helplessness, leading to deep emotional distress.

Rejection can evoke powerful emotions, such as shame, humiliation, and a sense of worthlessness. The speaker's bitter tears upon returning home reflect the overwhelming emotional impact of these negative experiences. It is likely that the rejection felt like a personal attack, compounding the speaker's existing hardships and reinforcing their sense of despair.

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The phrase "go spill your beauty on the laughing faces of happy flowers that bloom a thousand hues" contains the literary device "personification (option c)."

What is a personification?

Personification is a literary device in which human qualities, emotions, or sensations are attributed to non-human entities, such as animals, plants, or inanimate objects. It is a type of figurative language that enhances the imaginative appeal of a poem or a literary work.The given phrase, "go spill your beauty on the laughing faces of happy flowers that bloom a thousand hues" is an example of personification. In this phrase, the non-human entity "flowers" is given a human attribute of having "laughing faces" and "blooming a thousand hues."

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The type of relationship dimension present in the marriage of Mike and Carol is Interdependence. They believe that both parties in the marriage should develop their potential without constraints while being supportive of each other's career and personal growth.

InterdependenceInterdependence refers to the mutual reliance between two or more individuals, groups or entities in which each is mutually dependent on the others. It is a common phenomenon in a successful marriage, where both parties are interdependent on each other for their growth and support. In interdependent relationships, each partner contributes to the well-being and growth of the other in a supportive and constructive way.Traditionalism refers to the practice of following long-established traditions or beliefs. The ideology of traditionalism in a relationship suggests that men and women have predetermined roles, where the man should work to provide for the family while the woman takes care of the home and children.

This contradicts the relationship between Mike and Carol, where they both support each other's careers and personal growth.Conventionalism is the practice of conforming to social norms and conventions, which also contradict the relationship between Mike and Carol, where they prioritize their growth and support over societal norms.Ideology of uncertainty and change suggests that individuals are open to change and accept uncertainty in life. This is also not applicable to the relationship between Mike and Carol since they have always been supportive of each other's career and personal growth and do not see uncertainty as a threat to their relationship.

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Answer:

Tolerance for each other, irrespective of religious and ethnic affiliations. Showing hospitality, especially to strangers. Living a life devoid of discrimination against other tribes. Encouraging inter-tribal marriages, etc. One can easily promote and foster national unity via inclusion by pointing out realities like citizens enjoying equal opportunity regardless of caste, color, or faith. National unity allows political leaders to harvest citizens' commitment and contribution to nation-building and national development. National unity is one of the most effective means of preventing internal conflicts that can drain the nation's resources and derail its progress. National integration promotes peace and harmony in a society. It reduces areas of conflict among different groups. National unity and integration ensure the security of the lives and properties of citizens from internal and external attacks.

Answer:

Must be able to tolerate other people.

Must be hospitable, show warmth and affection to others.

Avoid discrimination.

The subject in the sentence is "Here," and the correct verb that agrees with the subject is "is." So, the correct sentence is: "Here is a review of Linda's concerts last week in Detroit."

In the given sentence, the subject is "Here." Although "Here" is at the beginning of the sentence, it does not refer to a plural entity but rather serves as an introductory word or an adverb indicating a location or situation. Therefore, the subject "Here" is singular.

To maintain subject-verb agreement, we use the singular verb form "is" to match the singular subject "Here." The verb "is" agrees with the subject in number and tense, indicating that there is a review of Linda's concerts in Detroit.

Using the plural form "are" would be grammatically incorrect in this context because it does not match the singular subject "Here."

Thus, the correct sentence is: "Here is a review of Linda's concerts last week in Detroit."

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In the given sentence, there is one adverb clause: "if I can afford it." The adverb clause modifies the verb "visit" and explains the condition under which the visit to Aspen, Colorado, will occur.

The adverb clause in the sentence is "if I can afford it." It functions as a conditional clause, indicating the condition under which the action in the main clause will take place. The adverb clause modifies the verb "visit" and provides additional information about the circumstances of the visit. It expresses the condition of affordability and determines whether the speaker will be able to visit Aspen, Colorado.

The adverb clause is introduced by the subordinating conjunction "if," which establishes the condition. Thus, the adverb clause "if I can afford it" adds important details to the sentence and modifies the verb "visit."

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The dialogue between the bacteriologist and the pale-faced man who stole the germs of cholera is a crucial exchange that reveals the motive and consequences of the theft.

The dialogue begins with the bacteriologist confronting the pale-faced man about his theft. The bacteriologist expresses concern over the potential harm that could be caused by the stolen germs of cholera. He emphasizes the importance of the research and the need to handle such dangerous pathogens responsibly. The pale-faced man, on the other hand, defends his actions by claiming that he wants to profit from selling the germs. This conversation highlights the ethical implications of scientific research and the potential consequences of irresponsible actions. It also showcases the clash between the pursuit of knowledge and personal gain.

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The three principal parts of the verb "conserve" are: 1. Present participle: conserving ; 2. Past: conserved ; 3. Past participle: conserved

The principal parts of a verb refer to the different forms that a verb can take based on its tense or aspect. The three principal parts are the present participle, past, and past participle.

For the verb "conserve," the present participle form is "conserving," which is used to indicate ongoing or continuous action in the present.

The past form of "conserve" is "conserved," which is used to indicate completed action in the past.

The past participle form of "conserve" is also "conserved," which is used in perfect tenses or as an adjective.

Therefore, the three principal parts of the verb "conserve" are "conserving" (present participle), "conserved" (past), and "conserved" (past participle).

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The type of journalistic writing that is not meant to deliver the news firsthand is called "opinion writing" or "editorial writing."

Opinion writing is a type of writing in which the author expresses their thoughts, views, opinions, or feelings on a specific topic of their choosing. Opinion articles can sometimes be in response to other opinion pieces, but they can also stand alone as their own opinion pieces.

In opinion writing, journalists express their own thoughts, opinions, and analysis on a particular topic or issue. This type of writing often aims to persuade or influence the reader, rather than simply reporting the facts.

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To find out how many students are in each group, you can divide the total number of students (3636) by the number of groups (66).
So, each group will have approximately 55 students.

However, since we are looking for the number of students in each group and it doesn't make sense to have a fraction of a student, we need to round the number to the nearest whole number.

In this case, when rounding to the nearest whole number, we consider the decimal portion. If the decimal portion is 0.5 or greater, we round up to the next whole number. If the decimal portion is less than 0.5, we round down to the current whole number.

Rounding to the nearest whole number, each group would have approximately 55 students.

Hence, each group would have approximately 55 students.

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In the sentence "Peg woke to the aroma of frying bacon," the simple subject is "Peg." The verbal phrase in the sentence is "to the aroma of frying bacon," which functions as an infinitive phrase.

The simple subject of the sentence is the noun "Peg," which is the one performing the action of waking up. It is the main focus of the sentence.

The verbal phrase in the sentence is "to the aroma of frying bacon." It begins with the preposition "to" and functions as an infinitive phrase. The infinitive form is "to wake" and it functions as the purpose or reason for Peg's waking. The phrase "to the aroma of frying bacon" describes what Peg woke up to, indicating the specific stimulus that caused her to wake.

By identifying the simple subject and the verbal phrase in the sentence, we can better understand the structure and meaning of the sentence.

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The correct verb to use is "Sam along with his friends are on holiday" Option (d) is correct.

When a subject is composed of multiple nouns connected by "along with," the verb should agree with the noun closest to it. In this case, "friends" is the closest noun, and since it refers to multiple individuals, the plural form of the verb "are" is required. Using "is" (option a) would be incorrect because it implies a singular subject.

Similarly, "has" (option b) is also incorrect as it is used with a singular subject. "Were" (option c) is incorrect because it is the past tense form and does not match the present tense context of the sentence. Therefore, the correct verb choice is "are", option d is correct.

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In the sentence "The hungry herd of bison grazed lazily on the open range," the nouns are "herd" and "bison," and the verbs are "grazed." There are no adjectives, adverbs, or direct objects in this sentence.

In the sentence "The hungry herd of bison grazed lazily on the open range," the nouns are "herd" and "bison" because they are the names of things (animals) or entities.

The verb in the sentence is "grazed" because it expresses the action of the subject (the herd of bison). There are no adjectives, adverbs, or direct objects in this sentence.

Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns, but there are no adjectives in this sentence. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, but there are no adverbs present. A direct object receives the action of the verb, but in this sentence, there is no direct object.

Therefore, in the sentence "The hungry herd of bison grazed lazily on the open range," the nouns are "herd" and "bison," and the verbs are "grazed." There are no adjectives, adverbs, or direct objects in this sentence.

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B) The author of "A Brief History of the Short Story" most clearly associates the short story with literary magazines.

A short story is a piece of fiction that is short and to the point. It is usually based on a single plot and can be read in a single sitting. Short stories, like novels, have been popular for a long time. They were first published in literary journals and newspapers, and later in magazines. Today, the Internet is a popular way for authors to share their short stories with the world. Short stories are often used in creative writing courses to teach students about plot, characterization, and narrative.

They are also used by publishers to introduce new authors to readers. Short story collections, anthologies, and literary magazines are all examples of how short stories are published.

Hence, Correct option is B.

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Full Question = What type of publication does the author of “A Brief History of the Short Story” most clearly associate with the short story?

newspapers

magazines

almanacs

leaflets

In the excerpt from "Daughter of Invention," the speaker is saying the phrase "sticks and stones don't break bones" as a form of reassurance.

“Daughter of Invention” takes place in New York when the four daughters are adolescents. Each story focuses on three or four family members, and “Daughter of Invention” narrates a clash between Laura (Mami), Yoyo, and Carlos (Papi), as they each navigate the challenges of their new lives in America.

However, it is clear from her expression that she is deeply affected by the stones thrown at her daughters. Despite this, she chooses to blame her daughters for provoking the situation and believes that both parties are at fault.

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