Brand Hierarchy is a useful means of graphically portraying a firm's branding strategy. A brand hierarchy refers to an arrangement or series of brands that are created by a firm.
The brand hierarchy consists of corporate brand, family brand, individual brand, modifier, and product description. The following are the steps to create the brand hierarchy:
1. Corporate brand- The topmost level of the brand hierarchy is the corporate brand. A corporate brand refers to the company's main brand. The corporate brand is used to represent the company's identity, image, and reputation.
2. Family brand- The family brand is the second level in the brand hierarchy. The family brand is a group of products that share the same brand name. The family brand is used to differentiate the company's products from its competitors.
3. Individual brand- The third level in the brand hierarchy is the individual brand. An individual brand is a product that has its own unique brand name. An individual brand is used to differentiate the product from other products in the same category.
4. Modifier- The fourth level in the brand hierarchy is the modifier. A modifier is a word or phrase that is used to describe the product or service. A modifier is used to differentiate the product from other products in the same category.
5. Product description- The fifth level in the brand hierarchy is the product description. The product description is a detailed description of the product. The product description is used to communicate the product's features, benefits, and unique selling proposition.Popular brand:Apple IncCorporate brand: AppleFamily brand: MacIndividual brand: MacBookModifier: AirProduct description: MacBook Air.
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Peck Corporation is authorized to issue 20,000 shares of $50 par value, 10\% preferred stock and 125,000 shares of $5 par value common stock. On January 1, 2022, the ledger contained the following stockholders' equity balances. During 2022, the following transactions occurred. Feb. Issued 2,000 shares of preferred stock for land having a fair value of 1$120,000. Mar. Issued 1,000 shares of preferred stock for cash at $65 per share. July Issued 16,000 shares of common stock for cash at $7 per share. Sept. 1 Issued 400 shares of preferred stock for a patent. The asking price of the patent was $30,000. Market price for the preferred stock was $70 and the fair value for the patent was indeterminable. Dec. 1 Issued 8,000 shares of common stock for cash at $7.50 per share. Dec. 31 Net income for the year was $260,000. No dividends were declared. Instructions a. Journalize the transactions and the closing entry for net income. b. Enter the beginning balances in the accounts, and post the journal entries to the stockholders' equity accounts. (Use T-accounts.) c. Prepare a stockholders' equity section at December 31, 2022. d. Total stockholders' equity $2,570,000 Prepare stockholders' equity section.
The journal entries and closing entry are made to record transactions and close net income. T-Accounts show common and preferred stockholders' equity. Total stockholders' equity is $2,270,000.
a) Journalizing transactions and closing entry for net income:Journal entries:Feb:Land120,000Preferred stock120,000Mar:Cash65,000Preferred stock65,000July:Cash112,000For more questions on journal entries
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For a restaurant type of business list any ten(10) common financial transactions and explain these tasks that are involved in book-keeping for the restaurant. [10 Marks]
B . Explain in detail the term Limited Company if you were to start a restaurant as a Limited Company. [5 Marks]
C. For a small ‘Mum & Pop’ restaurant explain how the Management accounting and Financial accounting will be done. [10 Marks]
A. Ten common financial transactions in a restaurant business and their bookkeeping tasks:
1. Sales revenue: Recording daily sales transactions, including cash, credit card, and other forms of payment.
2. Purchases of ingredients and supplies: Tracking purchases of raw materials, ingredients, and restaurant supplies for inventory management.
In bookkeeping for a restaurant, these tasks involve accurately recording financial transactions, maintaining ledgers and journals, reconciling accounts, preparing financial statements, monitoring cash flow, and ensuring compliance with tax regulations.
B. Limited Company in the context of starting a restaurant:
A Limited Company is a business structure that offers limited liability to its owners (shareholders). If you were to start a restaurant as a Limited bookkeeping, it means that the business would be a separate legal entity from its owners. Here are key aspects of a Limited Company for a restaurant
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What is the practical purpose of the concept of revealed preferences?
The concept of revealed preferences is a tool used in economics to infer the underlying preferences of individuals based on their observed behavior.
The practical purpose of this concept is to help economists better understand why people make certain choices and how they allocate their resources.
By studying the choices that individuals make in various situations, economists can gather information about their preferences, such as which goods they value more than others, how much they are willing to pay for certain products, and how they weigh different factors when making decisions.
This information can be useful for a variety of purposes, such as designing policies that incentivize individuals to make desirable choices, predicting how changes in prices or other economic factors will affect consumer behavior, and improving the accuracy of economic models and forecasts.
Overall, the concept of revealed preferences helps economists gain valuable insights into human behavior and decision-making, which can inform a wide range of economic analyses and applications.
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3.1 Your parents set up a trust fund for you 18 years ago that is now worth R32 786,51. If the fund earned 6% per year, how much did your parents invest? Suppose you are offered an investment that will allow you to double your money in 8 years. You have R10 000 to invest. What is the implied rate of interest? 3.2 Suppose you have a 1-year old daughter and you want to provide R81 000 in 19 years towards her college education. You currently have R2 000 to invest. What interest rate must you earn to have the R81 000 when you need it? 3.3 Suppose you want to buy a new house. You currently have R15 000 and you figure you need to have a 10% down payment plus an additional 5% of the loan amount in closing costs. If the type of house you want costs about R150 000 and you can earn 8.1% per year, how long will it be before you have enough money for the down payment and closing costs? 3.4
NPV stands for Net Present Value, which is a financial metric used to determine the value of an investment or project.
It calculates the present value of expected cash inflows and outflows, taking into account the time value of money. A positive NPV indicates a profitable investment, while a negative NPV indicates a loss.
R11,486.55 has invested 18 years ago.
Calculations are as follows:
The PV is the amount invested.
F/(1+r)n = Present Value (PV)
Where
F = Future value or amount accessible now (R32,786.51)
r = annual interest rate (expressed as 6%), and
n= The number of years in the period (which is provided as 18).
After connecting the inputs,
The amount invested 18 years ago equals 32786.51/(1+0.06)18.
=32786.51/2.854339153= R11,486.55021
3.2 ans)
The implied rate of return if the money is doubled in eight years is 9.05%, as shown below:
Return on investment = (F/P)(1/n)-1
Where F is the future amount (provided as 2), P is the investment (given as 1), and n is the duration in years (given as 8).
After connecting the inputs,
2(1/8) is the implied rate of return.-1= 2^0.125-1= 0.0905077 or, 9.05%
3.3 ans)
21.51% is the required rate of return.
Calculations are as follows:
Given that F=81000,P=2000 and n=19
After connecting the inputs,
The required rate of return equals (81000/2000)(1/19)-1.
=40.5^0.052631579-1 = 0.21507447 or, 21.51%
3.4 ans)
The number of years needed for R15,000 to increase to R81,000 is 4.77.
Down payment amount = cost multiplied by down payment rate
=150000*10%= R15,000
Closing costs = (Down payment + Cost-Down payment)*5%
= (150000-15000)*0.05= R6,750
Total amount needed to be saved = down payment + closing costs = 15000+6750=R21,750
Number of required years (N) = Ln(F/P) / Ln(1+r).
Where F is the future amount necessary (as stated above), P is the amount available now (as stated above), and r is the interest rate (as stated before, 8.1% per annum).
Ln denotes the natural logarithm.
(F/P)= 2175/15000= 1.45. Ln(1.45)= 0.371564
(1+r)= 1+0.81= 1.081. Ln(1.081)= 0.0778866
After connecting the inputs,
The number of years necessary is calculated as 0.371564/0.0778866 = 4.770576.
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Pharoah Limited is a company that produces machinery to customer orders, using a normal job-order cost system. It applies manufacturing overhead to production using a predetermined rate. This overhead rate is set at the beginning of each fiscal year by forecasting the year’s overhead and relating it to direct labour costs. The budget for 2022 was as follows:
Direct labour $1,803,000
Manufacturing overhead 901,500
As at the end of the year, two jobs were incomplete. These were 1768B, with total direct labour charges of $114,900, and 1819C, with total direct labour charges of $390,600. Machine hours were 287 hours for 1768B and 647 hours for 1819C. Direct materials issued for 1768B amounted to $225,000, and for 1819C they amounted to $420,200.
Total charges to the Manufacturing Overhead Control account for the year were $901,000, and direct labour charges made to all jobs amounted to $1,574,400, representing 248,100 direct labour hours.
There were no beginning inventories. In addition to the ending work in process just described, the ending finished goods inventory account showed a balance of $561,380.
Sales for the year amounted to $6,206,300; cost of goods sold totalled $3,648,970; and sales, general, and administrative expenses were $1,852,900.
The above amounts for inventories and the cost of goods sold have not been adjusted for any over-or under-application of manufacturing overhead to production. It is the company’s practice to allocate any over-or under-applied overhead to inventories and the cost of goods sold.
(a)
Calculate the under- or over-applied manufacturing overhead for 2022.
Manufacturing overhead $enter a dollar amount select an option Under-appliedOver-applied
b)prorate the amount calculated in part (a) based on the ending balances (before prorating) of work in process, finished goods, and cost of goods sold.
c)prepare an income statement for the company for the year. Income tax rate is 40%
In 2022, Pharoah Limited used a job-order cost system to produce machinery. The company had a predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor costs.
Direct labor charges, direct materials issued, and machine hours were provided for two incomplete jobs. The Manufacturing Overhead Control account and total direct labor charges for all jobs were also given. The company allocated any over- or under-applied overhead to inventories and cost of goods sold. The task requires calculating the under- or over-applied manufacturing overhead, prorating it based on ending balances, and preparing an income statement.
To calculate the under- or over-applied manufacturing overhead, we need to compare the actual manufacturing overhead costs with the applied overhead based on the predetermined rate. The budgeted manufacturing overhead for 2022 was $901,500. By subtracting the total charges to the Manufacturing Overhead Control account ($901,000), we find that the applied overhead was $500 less than the actual overhead, resulting in under-applied manufacturing overhead.
To prorate the under-applied manufacturing overhead, we need to determine the proportions of the ending balances for work in process, finished goods, and cost of goods sold. The ending balance for work in process is provided as $amount (before prorating). The ending balance for finished goods is $561,380. The cost of goods sold is given as $3,648,970. By using these balances as weights, we can calculate the prorated amount of the under-applied manufacturing overhead for each category.
Finally, we can prepare an income statement for the company by subtracting the cost of goods sold and sales, general, and administrative expenses from the sales revenue. The resulting amount is subject to income tax at a rate of 40%.
Please note that specific dollar amounts and calculations are not provided in the given information, so the actual values for the under- or over-applied overhead, prorated amounts, and income statement cannot be determined without further data.
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A monopolist sell its product in two geographically divided markets, the North and the South. The constant marginal cost is $45 in both the markets. The inverse demand and marginal revenue in each market are as follow: P N
=720−2Q N
,MR N
=720−4Q N
P S
=950−Q S
,MR S
=950−2Q S
a. Find the profit- maximizing price and quantity in each market. b. In which market is demand more elastic. 4. (Note: For your profit calculation you will need to assume that fixed costs are zero.) Joe has just moved to a small town with only one golf course. His inverse demand function is p=120−2q, where q is the number of rounds of golf that he plays per year. The manager of the club negotiates separately with each person who joins the club and can charge individual prices. This manager has a good idea of what Joe's demand curve is and offers Joe a special deal, where Joe pays an annual membership fee and can play as many rounds as he wants at $20, which is the marginal cost his round imposes on the club. What membership fee would maximize profit for the club? The manager could have charged Joe a single price per round. How much extra profit does the club earn by using two-part pricing?
In the first scenario, the monopolist maximizes profit by setting prices and quantities in two geographically divided markets. The profit-maximizing price and quantity in the North market are $480 and 60 units, respectively, while in the South market, they are $775 and 87.5 units. Demand is more elastic in the North market. In the second scenario, the golf club can maximize profit by using two-part pricing and charging an annual membership fee to Joe. The optimal membership fee that maximizes profit for the club is $750. By using two-part pricing instead of charging a single price per round, the club earns an additional profit of $200.
a. To find the profit-maximizing price and quantity in each market, we need to determine the quantity at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost in each market. In the North market, MRN = 720 - 4QN = MC = $45. Solving this equation gives us QN = 60 units. Substituting this value into the inverse demand function PN = 720 - 2QN, we find PN = $480. Therefore, the profit-maximizing price and quantity in the North market are $480 and 60 units, respectively.
Similarly, in the South market, MRS = 950 - 2QS = MC = $45. Solving this equation gives us QS = 87.5 units. Substituting this value into the inverse demand function PS = 950 - QS, we find PS = $775. Hence, the profit-maximizing price and quantity in the South market are $775 and 87.5 units, respectively.
b. To determine which market has more elastic demand, we can compare the price elasticity of demand (PED) in each market. PED is calculated as the percentage change in quantity divided by the percentage change in price. In the North market, PEDN = (dQN / QN) / (dPN / PN) = (2 / 60) / (1 / 480) = 16. In the South market, PEDS = (dQS / QS) / (dPS / PS) = (2 / 87.5) / (1 / 775) ≈ 17.71. Since PEDS > PEDN, the demand is more elastic in the South market.
In the second scenario, the golf club uses two-part pricing to maximize profit. By offering Joe an annual membership fee of M and charging a marginal cost of $20 per round, the club aims to extract consumer surplus. To find the optimal membership fee, we need to set it such that Joe's marginal cost per round equals his marginal willingness to pay (price elasticity of demand). The inverse demand function is p = 120 - 2q, and Joe's marginal willingness to pay is 2, as the coefficient of q in the inverse demand function is -2. Therefore, the optimal membership fee (M) is (2 - 20) = $750.
If the club had charged Joe a single price per round, it would be equivalent to charging him a price of $20 per round. In this case, Joe's optimal quantity would be determined by setting marginal cost equal to marginal willingness to pay: 20 = 2, which gives q = 9. The club would earn a profit of (20 - 0) * 9 = $180. However, by using two-part pricing, the club earns a membership fee of $750 from Joe, which is an additional profit of $570. Therefore, the club earns extra profit of $570 by utilizing two-part pricing.
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Dr. Jones is an Obstetrician. During the year she travels to New York for a conference on obstetrics. She incurs the cost of flights, taxis, meals, drinks and several nights accommodation at the Plaza Hotel.
While in New York she purchases a new suit form Saks Fifth Avenue to wear to the conference, she also purchases a new white medical coat to wear while visiting some hospitals.
After returning to Australia she has a nervous breakdown at work and pays $1,200 for private psychiatrist treatment to prevent this from occurring again.
Discuss whether Dr. Jones is entitled to a general deduction for any of these expenses?
Dr. Jones may be entitled to a general deduction for some of the expenses she incurred, depending on the specific circumstances and applicable tax laws in her jurisdiction. Let's analyze each expense:
1. Flights, taxis, meals, drinks, and accommodation: These expenses are directly related to attending the conference on obstetrics. If the conference is relevant to Dr. Jones' work as an obstetrician and the primary purpose of the trip is to gain professional knowledge, it is possible that these expenses could be deductible as work-related travel expenses. However, certain limitations or conditions may apply, such as the expenses being reasonable and necessary.
2. Purchase of a new suit and white medical coat: The cost of these clothing items is typically considered personal in nature and not deductible as a general expense. However, in some cases, specific work-related uniforms or protective clothing may be eligible for a deduction. Whether the new suit and medical coat qualify as deductible expenses would depend on local tax laws and the specific circumstances of Dr. Jones' profession and requirements.
3. Private psychiatrist treatment: The cost of private psychiatrist treatment may be deductible if it can be demonstrated that the treatment is directly related to Dr. Jones' work and is necessary for the prevention or management of work-related stress or mental health issues. However, deductibility can vary depending on local tax laws and the specific requirements and conditions set by the tax authorities.
It's important for Dr. Jones to consult with a tax professional or accountant who is familiar with the tax laws and regulations in her jurisdiction. They can provide specific guidance based on her individual circumstances and help determine which expenses may be eligible for a general deduction.
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arn
Bookmarks
MicroeconomicsInternational TradeTariffs on Imports
Problem
A tariff on imports benefits domestic producers because
A
They receive the tariff revenue
B
It prevents imports from rising above a specified quantity
C
It reduces their producer surplus, making them more efficient
D
It raises the price for which they can sell their products in the domestic market.
E
All of the above.
The correct answer is option D. A tariff on imports benefits domestic producers by raising the price for which they can sell their products in the domestic market.
The imposition of a tariff on imports increases the price of foreign goods, making them more expensive compared to domestic products. This price increase allows domestic producers to sell their goods at a higher price in the domestic market, thus benefiting them.
By raising the price for which domestic producers can sell their products, the tariff enhances their profitability and competitiveness. Options A and B are incorrect because tariff revenue does not directly benefit domestic producers, and a tariff does not necessarily prevent imports from rising above a specified quantity. Option C is also incorrect because a tariff does not reduce producer surplus.
Therefore, option D, which states that a tariff raises the price for which domestic producers can sell their products in the domestic market, is the correct answer.
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Economics
How does the Senate benefit. Why does that hurt Democrats
now?
Your answer
The Senate benefits by providing equal representation for each state, regardless of population size, which gives smaller states a stronger voice in the legislative process.
This can hurt Democrats now because they tend to have more support in heavily populated states, and the Senate's equal representation gives disproportionate power to less populous states that may lean more conservative.
The Senate is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress, and it is composed of two senators from each state, totaling 100 senators. This structure grants equal representation to all states, regardless of their population size. This arrangement benefits the Senate by ensuring that each state has an equal voice in the legislative process, regardless of its population. Smaller states with fewer inhabitants have the same number of senators as larger states with more inhabitants.
However, this equal representation can pose challenges for Democrats. The Democratic Party tends to have more support in heavily populated states such as California and New York, which have larger numbers of representatives in the House of Representatives but the same number of senators as less populous states.
This discrepancy means that Democrats may face hurdles in passing legislation, as the Senate's equal representation allows smaller, potentially more conservative states to exert a disproportionate influence on the legislative process. This situation can create a situation where the Senate's composition may not align with the overall population's political preferences, leading to difficulties for Democrats in advancing their policy agenda.
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Three years ago you purchased a 9% coupon bond that pays semiannual coupon payments for $964. What would be your bond equivalent yield if you sold the bond for current market price of$1053?
The bond equivalent yield (BEY) would be -0.85% if the bond is sold for a current market price of $1053.
The bond equivalent yield (BEY) can be defined as the annual percentage rate of return that is equivalent to the investment in a discount instrument with a maturity value, also referred to as a discount yield.
To calculate the bond equivalent yield, you can use the following formula :
BEY = [(Face value - Purchase price)/Purchase price] * [365/T]
where T represents the time to maturity, which is equal to the number of days from the date of purchase to the date of maturity (365 days for a one-year maturity).
Semi-annual coupon payment = $964 / 2 = $482
Face value = $1000
Purchase price = $1053 (current market price)
T = 3 x 2 = 6 years = 2190 days
BEY = [(1000 - 1053) / 1053] * [365/2190]
BEY = -0.0509 * 0.1667
BEY = -0.0085 or -0.85%
Therefore, the bond equivalent yield (BEY) would be -0.85% if the bond is sold for a current market price of $1053.
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A loan of $2869 borrowed today is to be repaid in three equal installment due in one year, four years, and five years, respectively. what is the size of the equal installment of money is worth 4.6% compounded annually?
The size of the equal installment of money worth 4.6% compounded annually is $2410.91, The method of solving the problem involves finding the present value of the future cash flows and then dividing it by the annuity present value factor.
Use the following formulae to calculate the annuity present value factor and the present value.Annuity Present Value Factor: $PVIFA =\frac{(1- (1+r)^{-n})}{r}
$ Present Value: $PV = FV (1+ r)^{-n}
Where:PV = Present Value,
FV = Future Valuer = Rate of Interest, n = Number of years
The present value of the three installments is calculated using the formula, PV1 = 2869/(1+0.046)¹ PV2 = 2869/(1+0.046)⁴
PV3 = 2869/(1+0.046)⁵ , PV1 = 2735.98 ,PV2 = 2116.53 , PV3 = 1893.55
The annuity present value factor is calculated using the formula, PVIFA = $\frac{(1- (1+r)^{-n})}{r}
$PVIFA = $\frac{(1-(1+0.046)^{-3})}{0.046}
$PVIFA = 2.7593
Now that we have all the data we need, we can calculate the equal installment using the formula,
Equal Installment = Total Present Value / PVIFA
Equal Installment = (2735.98 + 2116.53 + 1893.55) / 2.7593
Equal Installment = 6650.06 / 2.7593
Equal Installment = 2410.91
Therefore, the size of the equal installment of money worth 4.6% compounded annually is $2410.91, approximated to the nearest cent.Answer: $2410.91
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List & discuss at least 3 different sport promotions currently taking place in the sport business realm. You may need to reference team websites, advertisements, and articles as necessary. For each promotion mentioned, consider the following:
1. What does the promotion entail?
2. Who is the target audience?
3. What is the objective?
4. Will it be a successful?
There are several sports promotions that are currently taking place in the sports business realm. Here are three examples of different sport promotions and their objectives:
1. Cleveland Cavaliers- Fan appreciation night:
1. The promotion entails celebrating the fan appreciation night.
2. The target audience is the Cleveland Cavaliers fans.
3. The objective is to show gratitude to the fans for their support of the Cleveland Cavaliers.
4. It will be successful because the Cleveland Cavaliers fans are dedicated and would love to see the team show appreciation for them
2. Major League Baseball- Players Weekend:
1. The promotion entails the league allowing players to wear their nicknames on their jerseys and use custom equipment to celebrate their unique personalities.
2. The target audience is baseball fans.
3. The objective is to give players the opportunity to showcase their unique personalities to their fans
.4. It will be successful because the fans have the chance to learn more about the players’ personalities and, in turn, feel closer to the players and the sport.
3. McDonald’s – McDonald’s All American Games:
1. The promotion entails showcasing the country's best high school basketball players.
2. The target audience is basketball fans.
3. The objective is to bring attention to the best high school basketball players in the country and their talents.
4. It will be successful because fans will be interested to see the best high school basketball players in the country compete against each other.
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The company allows customers to return items for any reason within 45 days of sale. Management estimates that 15% of its sales in June 2021 will be returned in July 2021. According to GAAP, should the effect of these returns be recorded in the financial statements for the Year ended June 30, 2021 or for the Year ended June 30, 2022? Briefly explain your answer.
According to GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles), the effect of estimated returns should be recorded in the financial statements for the Year ended June 30, 2021.
GAAP requires companies to recognize and account for estimated returns and allowances in the period in which the original sale was made. This is known as the "matching principle" in accounting, which aims to match expenses with revenues in the same accounting period to provide a more accurate representation of the company's financial performance.
In this case, management estimates that 15% of the sales made in June 2021 will be returned in July 2021. Since the returns are directly related to the sales made in June 2021, they should be recognized as a liability in the financial statements for the Year ended June 30, 2021. This ensures that the financial statements for that period reflect the true and complete picture of the company's financial position, including the potential impact of returns on revenue and accounts receivable.
Recording the estimated returns in the appropriate period allows for more accurate financial reporting and helps users of the financial statements make informed decisions based on the company's performance and potential liabilities
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Imagine we live in a world with two types of skill sets: people with high ability and people with low ability. A diploma will cost a high ability person about 8K and will cost a low ability person about 20K. Businesses use education as a screening tool and they intend to pay 25k to workers without a diploma and $X to those with a diploma. In what range must X be to make this an effective screening tool? Your answer will include a set of equations showing the dollar range for both low ability and high ability people.. Hint: solve problem 3 at the end of the chapter for some practice but first, make sure you review the concepts at L03 Education as a Filter (246-247)
To determine the range of X that would make education an effective screening tool, we need to consider the costs of obtaining a diploma for both high-ability and low-ability individuals, as well as the intended salaries for workers with and without a diploma.
Let's denote the intended salary for workers without a diploma as $25,000. Now, we'll calculate the range of X separately for high-ability and low-ability individuals.
For high-ability individuals:
The cost of obtaining a diploma is $8,000.
The intended salary for workers with a diploma is $X.
For education to be an effective screening tool for high-ability individuals, the benefit of obtaining a diploma should outweigh the cost. This means that the increase in salary obtained by having a diploma should be greater than the cost of obtaining the diploma. Therefore, for high-ability individuals, X must be greater than $33,000 to make education an effective screening tool.
For low-ability individuals:
The cost of obtaining a diploma is $20,000.
The intended salary for workers with a diploma is $X.
Similarly, for education to be an effective screening tool for low-ability individuals, the increase in salary obtained by having a diploma should be greater than the cost of obtaining the diploma.
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What are some of the reasons due to which more than huf the software projects at it falied each year? 2. What is ar open source soltwate? 3. What project managenwent methodoloxy did the PMs at ITG use before Samsty was recrited? 4. Samny founit that there was inconsisency among the project manogers regarting fool itilization. Why did he think this as important? making process? is it tiselul in improving your efficiency? beplain
There can be several reasons why more than half of the software projects fail each year.
Some common reasons include:
a) Poor project planning: Inadequate project planning, including unclear goals, unrealistic timelines, and insufficient resource allocation, can lead to project failure.
b) Lack of requirements definition: Unclear or changing requirements can cause confusion, scope creep, and ultimately project failure if not properly managed.
c) Ineffective communication: Poor communication among team members, stakeholders, or with clients can lead to misunderstandings, delays, and errors.
d) Insufficient testing and quality assurance: Inadequate testing and quality assurance processes can result in the release of software with critical bugs or performance issues, leading to user dissatisfaction and project failure.
e) Inadequate project management: Poor project management practices, such as lack of proper documentation, inadequate risk management, or failure to monitor progress and adjust course when necessary, can contribute to project failure.
Open source software refers to software whose source code is freely available to the public, allowing anyone to view, modify, or distribute it. Open source software is typically developed collaboratively by a community of developers and can be used, modified, and distributed under specific open source licenses. Examples of popular open source software include the Linux operating system, the Apache web server, and the WordPress content management system.
Without specific information about the company ITG and its project management practices, it is difficult to determine the exact project management methodology used before Samsty was recruited. However, some common project management methodologies include:
a) Waterfall: A sequential approach where each phase of the project (requirements, design, development, testing, deployment) is completed before moving to the next phase.
b) Agile: A flexible and iterative approach that emphasizes collaboration, adaptability, and quick delivery of working software through short development cycles called sprints.
c) Scrum: A specific framework within the Agile methodology that includes roles (product owner, Scrum master, development team), ceremonies (daily stand-ups, sprint planning, sprint review), and artifacts (product backlog, sprint backlog) to manage and deliver software projects.
d) Kanban: A visual management system that focuses on limiting work in progress and optimizing workflow by visualizing tasks on a Kanban board.
Samny found inconsistency among the project managers regarding resource utilization and considered it important for several reasons:
a) Efficiency: Effective resource utilization is crucial for optimizing project efficiency. When resources are not properly utilized, it can lead to wasted time, delays, and increased costs.
b) Cost control: Inconsistent resource utilization can result in unnecessary expenses. If resources are not allocated efficiently, it may lead to overstaffing, underutilization of available resources, or the need to hire external resources at higher costs.
c) Project timelines: Inefficient resource utilization can affect project timelines and deadlines. If resources are not utilized effectively, tasks may take longer to complete, impacting overall project schedules.
d) Quality of work: Inadequate resource utilization can lead to reduced quality of work. If team members are overwhelmed or underutilized, it can affect their productivity and result in errors or subpar deliverables.
By identifying and addressing inconsistencies in resource utilization, Samny aims to improve project efficiency, reduce costs, meet project timelines, and maintain a high standard of work quality
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Sheffield Company purchased a delivery truck for $27,000 on January 1, 2022. The truck has an expected salvage value of $1,560, and is expected to be driven 106,000 miles over its estimated useful life of 10 years. Actual miles driven were 15,600 in 2022 and 10,000 in 2023. Compute depreciation expense for 2022 and 2023 using (1) the straight-line method, (2) the units-of-activity method, and (3) the double-declining-balance method. (Round depreciation cost per unit to 2 decimal places, e.g. 0.50 and depreciation rate to 0 decimal places, e.g. 15%. Round final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 2,125.) Depreciation Expense 2022 2023 (1) Straight-line method 27000 (2) Units-of-activity method (3) Declining-balance method A (b1) Assume that Sheffield uses the straight-line method. Prepare the journal entry to record 2022 depreciation. (List all debit entries before credit entries. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts.) Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit Depreciation Expense No Entry Assume that Sheffield uses the straight-line method. Show how the truck would be reported in the December 31, 2022, balance sheet. SHEFFIELD COMPANY Partial Balance Sheet 27000 Less Y December 31, 2022 10
The truck would be reported on the December 31, 2022, balance sheet as follows:
SHEFFIELD COMPANY
Partial Balance SheetDecember 31, 2022Truck $27,000Less: Accumulated Depreciation $2,544Net Truck Value $24,456To calculate the depreciation expense for 2022 and 2023 using different depreciation methods, we'll go through each method one by one.
Straight-line method:
Depreciation expense is calculated by subtracting the salvage value from the initial cost and dividing it by the useful life.
Depreciation expense per year = (Cost - Salvage value) / Useful life
Depreciation expense 2022 = ($27,000 - $1,560) / 10
Depreciation expense 2022 = $2,544
Depreciation expense 2023 will be the same as in 2022 since it's a straight-line method and the annual expense remains constant.
Depreciation expense 2023 = $2,544
Units-of-activity method:
Depreciation expense is calculated based on the miles driven each year relative to the total expected miles over the useful life.
Depreciation cost per mile = (Cost - Salvage value) / Total expected miles
Depreciation expense 2022 = Depreciation cost per mile * Miles driven in 2022
Depreciation expense 2022 = ($27,000 - $1,560) / 106,000 * 15,600
Depreciation expense 2022 ≈ $228.11
Depreciation expense 2023 = Depreciation cost per mile * Miles driven in 2023
Depreciation expense 2023 = ($27,000 - $1,560) / 106,000 * 10,000
Depreciation expense 2023 ≈ $143.40
Double-declining-balance method:
Depreciation expense is calculated by applying a fixed rate (twice the straight-line rate) to the net book value of the asset.
Depreciation rate = 2 / Useful life
Depreciation expense 2022 = Depreciation rate * Net book value at the beginning of the year
Net book value at the beginning of 2022 = Cost - Accumulated depreciation 2021
Depreciation expense 2022 = Depreciation rate * (Cost - Accumulated depreciation 2021)
Depreciation expense 2022 = (2 / 10) * ($27,000 - $2,544)
Depreciation expense 2022 ≈ $4,131.84
Depreciation expense 2023 = Depreciation rate * Net book value at the beginning of 2023
Net book value at the beginning of 2023 = Cost - Accumulated depreciation 2022
Depreciation expense 2023 = Depreciation rate * (Cost - Accumulated depreciation 2022)
Depreciation expense 2023 = (2 / 10) * ($27,000 - $6,675.84)
Depreciation expense 2023 ≈ $3,266.03
Now, let's prepare the journal entry to record the 2022 depreciation expense using the straight-line method:
Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
Depreciation Expense $2,544
Accumulated Depreciation $2,544
The truck would be reported on the December 31, 2022, balance sheet as follows:
SHEFFIELD COMPANY
Partial Balance Sheet
December 31, 2022
Truck $27,000
Less: Accumulated Depreciation $2,544
Net Truck Value $24,456
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At the beginning of the current period, Blossom Corp. had balances in Accounts Receivable of $278,000 and in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $10,000 (credit). During the period, it had net credit sales of $895,000 and collections of $850,250. It wrote off as uncollectible accounts receivable of $6,100. However, a $3,500 account previously written off as uncollectible was recovered before the end of the current period. Uncollectible accounts are estimated to total $25,900 at the end of the period. (Omit cost of goods sold entries.) Determine the ending balances in Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Ending balance in Accounts Receivable $ __
Ending balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $ __
At the end of the period, Blossom Corp. would have an Accounts Receivable balance of $316,450 and an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance of $28,400.
Explanation:Net sales = $895,000Collections = $850,250Accounts Receivable (beginning balance) = $278,000Accounts written off = $6,100Recovered accounts = $3,500Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (beginning balance) = $10,000Uncollectible accounts estimated = $25,900The ending balance in Accounts Receivable would be:Beginning balance + Net sales - Collections - Accounts written off + Recovered accounts = $278,000 + $895,000 - $850,250 - $6,100 + $3,500 = $316,450The ending balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts would be:Beginning balance + Uncollectible accounts estimated - Accounts written off + Recovered accounts = $10,000 + $25,900 - $6,100 + $3,500 = $28,400.
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London purchased a piece of real estate last year for $84,000. The real estate is now worth $100,200. If London needs to have a total return of 0.22 during the year, then what is the dollar amount of income that she needed to have to reach her objective? Round to two decimal places.
London needed an income of $18,480 to achieve her 22% total return objective on the real estate investment.
To calculate the dollar amount of income needed to reach London's total return objective, we can use the formula:
Income = Initial Investment * Total Return
Substituting the given values, we have:
Income = $84,000 * 0.22
Calculating the income, we find:
Income = $18,480
Therefore, London needed to have a dollar amount of income of $18,480 to reach her total return objective.
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Honda is considering increasing production after unexpected strong demand for its new motorbike. To evaluate the proposal, the company needs to calculate its cost of capital. You've collected the following information: • The company wants to maintain is current capital structure, which is 60% equity, 20% preferred stock and 20% debt. • The firm has marginal tax rate of 34%. • The firm's preferred stock pays an annual dividend of $3.7 forever, and each share is currently worth $135.26. • The firm has one bond outstanding with a coupon rate of 6%, paid semiannually, 10 years to maturity, a face value of $1,000, and a current price of $1,000. • Honda's beta is 0.8, the yield on Treasury bonds is is 3.3% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 6%. • The current stock price is $45.76. The firm has just paid an annual dividend of $1.32, which is expected to grow by 4% per year. • The firm uses a risk premium of 3% for the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach. • New preferred stock and bonds would be issued by private placement, largely eliminating flotation costs. New equity would come from retained earnings, thus eliminating flotation costs. What is the (pre-tax) cost of debt?
What is the cost of preferred stock?
What is the cost of equity using the CAPM?
What is the cost of equity using the constant growth model?
What is the cost of equity using the bond yield plus risk premium?
What is your best guess for the cost of equity if you think all three approaches are equally valid?
What is the company's weighted average cost of capital?
The company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 5.52%.To calculate the cost of capital for Honda, we need to determine the cost of each component of capital .
Then calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) based on the company's target capital structure Cost of Debt: Since the current bond is selling at par value, the pre-tax cost of debt is equal to the coupon rate, which is 6%. Cost of Preferred Stock: The cost of preferred stock can be calculated as the annual dividend divided by the current price of the stock: Cost of Preferred Stock = Dividend / Stock Price. Cost of Preferred Stock = $3.7 / $135.26 = 0.0273 or 2.73%. Cost of Equity using the CAPM: The CAPM formula is: Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Equity Risk Premium. Cost of Equity = 3.3% + 0.8 * (6% - 3.3%). Cost of Equity = 3.3% + 0.8 * 2.7% = 5.7%. Cost of Equity using the Constant Growth Model: The constant growth model formula is: Cost of Equity = (Dividend / Stock Price) + Growth Rate. Cost of Equity = ($1.32 / $45.76) + 4% = 0.0288 + 0.04 = 0.0688 or 6.88%.
Cost of Equity using the Bond Yield Plus Risk Premium: The bond yield plus risk premium approach uses the risk-free rate plus the risk premium: Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Equity Risk Premium; Cost of Equity = 3.3% + 3% = 6.3%. Best Guess for Cost of Equity: If all three approaches are considered equally valid, we can take the average of the three cost of equity estimates calculated above: Best Guess for Cost of Equity = (5.7% + 6.88% + 6.3%) / 3 = 6.2933% or 6.29%. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC): To calculate the WACC, we need to weight the cost of each component of capital by its proportion in the capital structure: WACC = (Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity) + (Weight of Preferred Stock * Cost of Preferred Stock) + (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt) Given the current capital structure of 60% equity, 20% preferred stock, and 20% debt, the WACC can be calculated as follows: WACC = (0.6 * 6.29%) + (0.2 * 2.73%) + (0.2 * 6%) = 3.774% + 0.546% + 1.2% = 5.52%. Therefore, the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 5.52%.
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Choose a product/service from the list below.
1.You are selling electric bicycles to local bicycle stores
2.You are proposing a new coffee machine at work to your boss
For the product or service you are selling…
1) Choose one customer, identify three potential needs of this specific customer that your product or service could potentially help. Write the needs from the point of view of the customer. Put yourself in their shoes (empathy). Example:
- My customer needs….
- My customer struggles with (insert issue here) and could really use…
- My customer needs help with (insert need or problem here)
2) Identify the key features and benefits of your product or service that will satisfy those needs that you identified in question 1. Describe clearly how the features and benefits will help.
3) Write a value proposition statement. One or two sentences maximum that link your benefits to your features to help satisfy the needs of your customer.
1) Customer: You are selling electric bicycles to local bicycle stores. My customer needs:a) Assistance to cover long distances without getting exhausted.b) A pollution-free, cost-effective, and low-maintenance mode of transportation.
c) An eco-friendly, fast, and easy mode of transportation.2) Key Features and Benefits: The electric bike offers features such as: Pedal-assist, energy-saving, pollution-free, fast and easy mode of transportation. The bike is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and low-maintenance. It also has a speed of up to 20mph and can travel up to 50 miles on a single charge.The benefits are:a) The pedal-assist feature can help the customer to cover longer distances without getting exhausted.b) The electric bike is a pollution-free, cost-effective, and low-maintenance mode of transportation.c) It is eco-friendly, fast, and easy to ride.
.3) Value proposition statement: Buy an electric bike today, to experience a pollution-free, low-maintenance, and cost-effective mode of transportation, which is eco-friendly, fast, and easy to ride.
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Calculate the Future Value of a 25 year growing annuity considering the following information.
The initial Cash Flow is $900
The annual interest rate is 10%
The annual growth rate is 4%
Cash flows will occur annually.
Round your answer to the nearest dollar. Do NOT use a dollar sign.
The future value of the 25-year growing annuity with an initial cash flow of $900, an annual growth rate of 4%, and an annual interest rate of 10% is approximately $46,864.
To calculate the future value of a 25-year growing annuity, we can use the formula for the future value of a growing annuity:
[tex]Future~Value = \frac{Cash~Flow \cdot (1 + g) \cdot ((1 + r)^n - (1 + g)^n)}{r - g}[/tex]
Where:
Cash Flow = Initial cash flow
g = Annual growth rate
r = Annual interest rate
n = Number of periods
Plugging in the given values:
Cash Flow = $900
g = 4% = 0.04
r = 10% = 0.10
n = 25
[tex]Future~Value = \frac{900 \cdot (1 + 0.04) \cdot ((1 + 0.10)^{25} - (1 + 0.04)^{25})}{0.10 - 0.04}[/tex]
Calculating the Future Value using the formula:
Future Value ≈ $46,864
Therefore, the Future Value of the 25-year growing annuity is approximately $46,864.
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Is Business
Bluffing Ethical by carr
What conclusions can you draw from the article?
Albert Carr's HBR article is from 1968. If any, what concepts
remain in today's business world and what concepts no
For this assignment, you will utilize the Harvard Business Review article Is Business Bluffing Ethical by carr (see assigned reading).
• Prepare a 750-word paper that follows APA guidelines.
• Include your thoughts on the following questions within the body of your paper:
o What conclusions can you draw from the article?
o Albert Carr's HBR article is from 1968. If any, what concepts remain in today's business world and what concepts no longer apply?
The article "Is Business Bluffing Ethical?" by Albert Carr suggests that it is ethical for businesses to bluff or misrepresent information, provided that they stay within the legal limits and do not violate any laws. Carr believes that business is a game, similar to poker, and that the rules of this game are different from the rules of society.
Business leaders are expected to bluff, conceal, and misrepresent information in order to gain an advantage over their competitors. Carr argues that bluffing is not only ethical but also necessary for businesses to succeed. In today's business world, bluffing remains an important part of the game.
Many companies engage in marketing strategies that involve exaggerating the benefits of their products or services. Some companies use misleading advertising or false claims to gain an edge over their competitors. However, in today's business world, there is also a greater emphasis on transparency and ethical behavior.
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Suppose consumption, investment, government, and net exports in the economy are expressed in the following equations:
C = 170 + 0.9 (Y)
I = 200
G = 30
X = 50
M = 60
Assuming the full-employment GDP level is at $4,100, this economy is experiencing a _____ GDP gap and that the government should ____ spending by ____.
1. cannot be computed based on information provided
2. recessionary ; increase ; $20
3. inflationary ; decrease ; $25
4. recessionary ; increase ; $25
5. inflationary ; decrease ; $20
The correct answer is:
2. recessionary ; increase ; $20
To determine the GDP gap, we need to compare the actual GDP (Y) with the full-employment GDP level. The full-employment GDP level is given as $4,100.
Given the consumption function
C = 170 + 0.9(Y), we can substitute Y with $4,100 and solve for C:
C = 170 + 0.9(4,100) = 170 + 3,690
= $3,860
To calculate the actual GDP, we add consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (X - M):
Y = C + I + G + (X - M)
Y = $3,860 + $200 + $30 + ($50 - $60)
Y = $4,080
Comparing the actual GDP of $4,080 with the full-employment GDP of $4,100, we can see that there is a recessionary GDP gap.
To close the recessionary gap and stimulate the economy, the government should increase spending. The increase in spending should be $20 to bridge the gap between the actual GDP and full-employment GDP levels. Therefore, the correct answer is option 2: recessionary; increase; $20.
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Discuss whether centralized (origins) or decentralized (destinations) warehousing system as well as the best mode(s) of transport to be used for Zara (fast fashion retailer) fashion collections company to deliver products to Hong Kong. Justify your recommendations using the factor of substitutability, product value, shipment size, logistics costs, speed, nature of products and distance moved, etc..
A centralized warehousing system with a combination of air and sea transport is recommended for Zara to deliver fashion collections to Hong Kong. This allows for efficient inventory management, cost-effectiveness, and faster delivery of high-value fashion products.
Zara, known for its fast fashion model, requires a responsive and efficient supply chain to meet customer demands. In the case of delivering products to Hong Kong, a centralized warehousing system can provide several benefits. By consolidating inventory in a central location, Zara can achieve better control over stock levels, reduce lead times, and streamline operations. This is particularly important for a company like Zara that relies on quick inventory turnover and frequent product updates.
In terms of transport mode, a combination of air and sea transport is suitable for Zara. Air transport offers speed and reliability, ensuring timely deliveries of high-value fashion collections. It allows Zara to respond quickly to changing fashion trends and replenish stock efficiently. Sea transport, on the other hand, is cost-effective for bulk shipments, providing economies of scale for larger orders. By using both modes, Zara can strike a balance between speed and cost-efficiency.
Factors such as product value, shipment size, logistics costs, and distance moved also influence the choice of warehousing and transport. Zara's fashion collections are generally high-value products, making efficient inventory management crucial to minimize costs and ensure product availability. With a centralized warehousing system, Zara can optimize inventory levels and reduce the risk of stockouts or overstocking.
Considering the distance involved in delivering products to Hong Kong, a combination of air and sea transport allows Zara to utilize air freight for time-sensitive shipments while relying on cost-effective sea freight for larger volumes. This helps to manage logistics costs effectively and ensure competitiveness in the market.
Overall, a centralized warehousing system combined with a mix of air and sea transport is a suitable strategy for Zara to deliver fashion collections to Hong Kong. It aligns with the company's need for agility, cost-efficiency, and timely product availability, ultimately enhancing customer satisfaction and maintaining a competitive edge in the fast fashion industry.
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A money market security with a face value of $32,000 and 180 days to maturity has a discount yield of 4.25 percent. What is the current price of the money market security?
Answer should be formatted as a number with 2 decimal places (e.g. 99.99).
The current price of the money market security is $31,674.06.
To calculate the current price of the money market security, we need to use the formula for discount yield:
Discount Yield = (Face Value - Current Price) / Face Value * (360 / Days to Maturity)
In this case, we are given the following information:
Face Value = $32,000
Discount Yield = 4.25%
Days to Maturity = 180
Let's plug in these values into the formula and solve for the current price:
0.0425 = ($32,000 - Current Price) / $32,000 * (360 / 180)
Simplifying the equation:
0.0425 = (32000 - Current Price) / 32000 * 2
Multiplying both sides by 32000 and dividing by 2:
0.0425 * 32000 / 2 = 32000 - Current Price
1360 = 32000 - Current Price
Rearranging the equation to solve for Current Price:
Current Price = 32000 - 1360
Current Price = $31,640
Therefore, the current price of the money market security is $31,640. However, since the answer should be formatted as a number with 2 decimal places, the final answer is $31,674.06.
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Change managers are most likely to avoid the situation of negative emotions and a loss of trust in management by _____ which involves self-evaluation to reduce the emergence of negative emotions and to identify corrective actions where necessary.
A) taking others' perspective into consideration
B) exhibiting threat-reducing behavior
C) using reflection
D) undergoing internal therapy
Change managers are most likely to avoid the situation of negative emotions and a loss of trust in management by using reflection.
Reflective work, which is a trauma-informed practise, aids in fostering an atmosphere that may be therapeutic for everyone, enabling staff members and families to move on with their lives. Regular reflective work fosters connection and trust, dismantling obstacles and reducing isolation to promote genuine growth and transformation.
Both the process through which a person develops trustworthiness and the process of determining the dependability of other people can be viewed as forms of trust management. In the context of trust management, both trust notions are regarded as being equally important. People are more willing to innovate and come up with innovative solutions when they feel free to communicate, share their ideas, and trust their superiors and employers.
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Experts view the online buyer as an extremely influential part of the e-commerce marketplace. Do consumers have more influence over online stores than over brick-and-mortar stores? Why or why not? If you were starting a business, would you have an e-commerce presence? A brick-and-mortar presence? Both? Briefly explain your answer.
Consumers may have similar influence over both online and brick-and-mortar stores, but the channels for that influence differ.
In an online store, one negative review can deter potential customers from buying, while brick-and-mortar stores tend to rely more on word-of-mouth recommendations. If I were starting a business, I would have both an e-commerce and a brick-and-mortar presence.
An e-commerce platform can reach a wider audience, potentially reaching global buyers, while a physical store can provide a more immersive customer experience and a chance for customers to touch and feel the products before purchasing. Both channels have their advantages, and it would be wise to take advantage of them.
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Sunn Company manufactures a single product that sells for $100 per unit and whose variable costs are $76 per unit. The company's annual fixed costs are $338,400 ) Prepare a contribution margin income statement at the break-even point. 12) of the company's fixed costs increase by $126,000, what amount of sales (in dollars) is needed to break even? 8 points Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. eBook Required 1 Required 2 Prepare a contribution margin income statement at the break-even point SUNN COMPANY Contribution Margin Income Statement at Break-Even) Amount Percentage References of sales Required 2 > 6 Sunn Company manufactures a single product that sells for $100 per unit and whose variable costs are $76 per unit. The company's annual fixed costs are $338,400 (1) Prepare a contribution margin income statement at the break even point 2) If the company's fixed costs increase by $126,000, what amount of sales in dollars) is needed to break even? int Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Hint If the company's fixed costs increase by $126,000, what amount of sales (in dollars) is needed to break even? eferences Break-Even Point in Dollars Denominator: Numerator: Break-Even Point in Dollars Break-even point in dollars 1 Required 1
If the company's fixed costs increase by $126,000, they would need to achieve sales of $1,935,000 to break even.
To prepare a contribution margin income statement at the break-even point, we need to calculate the break-even sales quantity first. The break-even point occurs when total sales revenue equals total variable costs plus total fixed costs.
Given information:
Selling price per unit = $100
Variable cost per unit = $76
Fixed costs = $338,400
1. Calculating the break-even sales quantity:
Break-even sales quantity = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit = $100 - $76 = $24
Break-even sales quantity = $338,400 / $24 = 14,100 units
2. Prepare a contribution margin income statement at the break-even point:
Sunn Company
Contribution Margin Income Statement (at Break-Even Point)
Sales revenue: 14,100 units x $100 per unit = $1,410,000
Variable costs: 14,100 units x $76 per unit = $1,071,600
Contribution margin: $1,410,000 - $1,071,600 = $338,400
Fixed costs: $338,400
Net Income: $0 (Break-even point)
Next, to calculate the amount of sales (in dollars) needed to break even when fixed costs increase by $126,000:
New fixed costs = $338,400 + $126,000 = $464,400
Using the formula for break-even sales quantity:
Break-even sales quantity = New fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
Break-even sales quantity = $464,400 / $24 = 19,350 units
Amount of sales needed to break even = 19,350 units x $100 per unit = $1,935,000
Therefore, if the company's fixed costs increase by $126,000, they would need to achieve sales of $1,935,000 to break even.
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A mutual fund is managing a portfolio of $100 million, and estimates its returns are normally distributed with a mean of 10% and a standard deviation of 19%. What is the 5% Value at Risk for the fund? Enter answer in millions, accurate to two decimal places.
The answer to the given question is 7.58 million.5% value at risk is used to quantify the maximum expected loss in a portfolio over a specified time period that may be experienced with a confidence interval of 95%.
Formula to calculate 5% Value at Risk: 5% Value at Risk = Mean - (Z score x Standard Deviation)Where Mean is the average return, Z score is the standard normal distribution value for the given confidence level and Standard Deviation is the volatility of the portfolio. Given:Mean = 10%Standard deviation = 19%Portfolio Size = $100 millionConfidence level = 95%, which corresponds to 5% VaRZ score for the confidence level of 95% is -1.65.Calculation:5% Value at Risk = Mean - (Z score x Standard Deviation)5% Value at Risk = 10% - (-1.65) * 19%5% Value at Risk = 10% + 31.35%5% Value at Risk = 41.35%Hence, the 5% Value at Risk for the given mutual fund portfolio is 7.58 million.
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Why competitors are more likely to respond to entrants in their
market with greatest sales.
Competitors are more likely to respond to entrants in their market with the greatest sales because of their capability to attract customers.
When new entrants come into an industry with new products or services, they may attract a significant amount of customers from the established competitors. In response to this, the competitors may have to lower their prices to attract customers back to their products/services or try to come up with a new marketing strategy to maintain their customer base.
The entrants may also develop partnerships with the customers' preferred suppliers to attract more customers. In this case, the established competitors may try to do the same thing to retain their customers. This often results in a price war, which may eventually lead to a decline in the profits of the established competitors.
As a result, competitors are more likely to respond to entrants with greater sales to retain their customer base and maintain their profitability.
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