Friedman's perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emphasizes that the primary responsibility of businesses is to maximize profits for shareholders, while Freeman's perspective argues for a broader view of CSR that includes considering the interests of multiple stakeholders.
Friedman's perspective, often associated with the shareholder primacy model, asserts that the sole responsibility of a corporation is to generate profits for its shareholders. According to Friedman, businesses should not divert resources towards social or environmental initiatives unless it directly contributes to profit maximization. While this perspective focuses on economic efficiency, it disregards the broader impacts and responsibilities of businesses to society and other stakeholders.
Freeman's perspective, on the other hand, argues for a stakeholder theory of CSR, which recognizes the interests of various stakeholders beyond just shareholders. This perspective highlights the importance of considering the needs and concerns of employees, customers, suppliers, communities, and other affected parties. By incorporating stakeholder interests, Freeman's view emphasizes the long-term sustainability and positive relationships that businesses can foster through responsible practices.
The Moral Minimum perspective offers a middle ground and overcomes the weaknesses of Friedman's and Freeman's perspectives. It suggests that businesses have a moral obligation to meet certain minimum standards of ethical behavior, regardless of profit maximization. This perspective acknowledges that businesses operate within a society and have an inherent responsibility to contribute positively and avoid harm. The Moral Minimum perspective takes into account the interests of stakeholders, recognizing the need to prioritize ethical considerations alongside economic goals.
For example, in recent news, companies like Nestlé have faced criticism for their water management practices. While Friedman's perspective may argue that Nestlé's focus should solely be on maximizing profits and reducing costs, the Moral Minimum perspective would emphasize the importance of responsible water usage and environmental stewardship, considering the impacts on local communities and ecosystems.
Similarly, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies faced ethical dilemmas regarding employee safety, supply chain practices, and community support. Freeman's perspective, which emphasizes stakeholder interests, would advocate for businesses to prioritize employee well-being and community support. The Moral Minimum perspective would align with this by recognizing the moral obligation of businesses to protect employees, ensure fair supply chain practices, and support communities during challenging times.
By incorporating the Moral Minimum perspective, businesses can strike a balance between profitability and ethical behavior. This approach allows for the consideration of stakeholder interests while recognizing the moral responsibilities businesses have towards society.
To learn more about Friedman's perspective click here : brainly.com/question/15082953
#SPJ11
Suppose you are going to purchase a house (Tamshui Fu Du Xhi) which is 86.25 square meters, with 2 rooms in Tamshui for $10,000,000 at the beginning of 2021. The down payment(X) is 30% of the total price, which is paid by your parent's pension fund. You need to pay the monthly mortgage. The 20-year mortgage interest rate of CTBC Bank is 2.5% per year (Present value factor of an annuity: 188.7139) Question Group (1) (4%) What's the monthly installment payment for you? 0 (Round the final answer to the nearest dollars. Format: $0,000,000) Fill In Blanks (Please fill in the answers in the order of the questions) (2) (4%) 2021309? How much principal will you pay back in March 2021? (Round the final answer to the nearest dollars. Format: $0,000,000) Fill In Blanks (Please fill in the answers in the order of the questions) I (3) (4 %) 2021458905? How much principal do you still have outstanding at the beginning of May 2021? (Round the final answer to the nearest dollars. Format: $0,000,000) Fill In Blanks (Please fill in the answers in the order of the questions)
Monthly installment payment for you is $38,982.
(2) In March 2021, the principal that will be paid back is $1,046,901.
(3) At the beginning of May 2021, the principal that you still have outstanding is $10,080,498.
Answer and How to find?Given that a house with 2 rooms is 86.25 square meters and is purchased in Tamshui for $10,000,000 at the beginning of 2021. The down payment (X) is 30% of the total price, which is paid by the parent's pension fund.
The 20-year mortgage interest rate of CTBC Bank is 2.5% per year, the present value factor of an annuity being 188.7139.Let’s calculate the amount of down payment:(X) Down Payment = 30% of the total price= 30/100 × $10,000,000= $3,000,000.
The amount of money to be paid by you is $10,000,000 − $3,000,000 = $7,000,000.We can calculate the monthly installment payment using the following formula: EMI (Equated Monthly Installment) = [P x R x (1+R) ^ n] / [(1+R) ^ n - 1], where P = Principal amount, R = Monthly interest rate, and n = Loan period in months.= [(7,000,000 x 2.5% x 188.7139) / 188.7139-1]= $38,982.
Therefore, the monthly installment payment for you is $38,982.
(2) The principal component in the EMI payment can be calculated using the below formula: Principal component of EMI = [P x R x (1+R) ^ n] / [(1+R) ^ n - 1] x [(1+R) ^ (n-m)]where P = Principal amount, R = Monthly interest rate, n = Loan period in months, and m = number of months completed after the first EMI payment.
The number of months from January 2021 to March 2021 is 2.The principal component of the EMI in March 2021 will be = [7,000,000 x 2.5% x (1+2)] / [(1+2) - 1] x [(1+2) ^ (20-2)] = $1,046,901.
Therefore, the principal that will be paid back in March 2021 is $1,046,901.
(3) The outstanding principal after the mth EMI can be calculated by using the below formula:Outstanding loan amount after mth EMI = P x [(1+R) ^ n - (1+R) ^ m] / [(1+R) ^ n - 1]where P = Principal amount, R = Monthly interest rate, n = Loan period in months, and m = number of months completed after the first EMI payment.The number of months from January 2021 to May 2021 is 4.The outstanding principal at the beginning of May 2021 will be = 7,000,000 x [(1+2.5%) ^ 240 - (1+2.5%) ^ 4] / [(1+2.5%) ^ 240 - 1] = $10,080,498.
Therefore, the principal that you still have outstanding at the beginning of May 2021 is $10,080,498.
To know more on mortgage visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31751568
#SPJ11
1. For your first assignment, management has provided the following revenue and cost information: High-End Set $3,500 $875 per unit $1400 per unit Sales price Labor Materials per unit Economical Set $1,000 per unit $250 per unit per unit $300 Direct fixed costs $ 25,000 Allocated fixed costs $85,000 per month $16,500 month $85,000 per per month per month They want a better understanding of their business to make budgeting and sales goals decisions and have asked you to determine their: 1. 1. Contribution Margins for each product line 2. Break-even quantities for each product line 3. Break-even quantities to earn $500,000 per year margin on the high-end line at the current sales price) 4. Break-even quantities to earn $300,000 per year margin on the economical line (at the current sales price) They expect the product lines to fully absorb the costs allocated to them. They have also as that you show each step in your calculations so that they can understand your analysis. (Note you will be graded on your intermediary values.) Once you have determined these amounts, they have asked that you: . 2. Later, the company is considering the purchase of machinery and equipment to set up a line to produce a combination washer-dryer. They have given you the following information to analyze the project on a 5-year timeline: • Initial cash outlay is $150,000, no residual value. • Sales price is expected to be $2,250 per unit, with $595 per unit in labor expense and $795 per unit in materials. Direct fixed costs are estimated to run $20,750 per month. • Cost of capital is 8%, and the required rate of return is 10%. • They will incur all operational costs in Year 1, though sales are expected to be 55% of break- even. • Break-even (considering only direct fixed costs) is expected to occur in Year 2. • Variable costs will increase 2% each year, starting in Year 3. • Sales are estimated to grow by 10%, 15%, and 20% for years 3 - 5. They have asked you to calculate: The product's contribution margin • Break-even quantity - le Icu ar • NPV • IRR Once you have determined these amounts, they have asked that you present the information describe how you performed your calculations, and explain what the results mean After you have completed the calculations and presented your work, management makes the Investment
1. Contribution Margin: High-End Set: $2,625 per unit ($3,500 - $875 - $1,400). Economical Set: $450 per unit ($1,000 - $250 - $300)
2. Break-even quantities: High-End Set: 17 units ($25,000 / $1,475). Economical Set: 37 units ($16,500 / $450)
3. Break-even quantities to earn $500,000 per year margin on the high-end line: High-End Set: 339 units ($525,000 / $1,475)
4. Break-even quantities to earn $300,000 per year margin on the economical line: Economical Set: 667 units ($300,000 / $450)
Contribution margin is the difference between sales revenue and variable costs per unit of a product or service. It represents the amount of revenue available to cover fixed costs and contribute to the company's profit. By calculating the contribution margin, businesses can determine the profitability and financial viability of their products or services. It helps in assessing the impact of changes in sales volume or pricing on the company's bottom line.
Learn more about Contribution Margin here:
https://brainly.com/question/30459935
#SPJ11
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding revenues from various types of nonexchange transactions? Multiple Choice
a. Derived tax revenues occur as a result of sales and or income tax.
b. Imposed nonexchange revenues consist of only fines and penalties assess by the governing agency.
c. Government mandated nonexchange transactions includes grants from the federal government to the local public school system for a free lunch program.
d. Voluntary nonexchange transactions can originate from a governmental agency or private citizen organization.
e. Imposed nonexchange transactions revenue recognition is made in the time period when the resulting resources are required to be used or in the first period in which use is permitted.
Imposed non-exchange revenues consist of only fines and penalties assessed by the governing agency is not a true statement regarding revenues from various types of non-exchange transactions. Option b is correct.
This statement is not true because imposed nonexchange revenues can consist of more than just fines and penalties. Imposed nonexchange transactions refer to transactions where the government compels individuals or entities to transfer resources without receiving commensurate direct value in return.
While fines and penalties are examples of imposed non-exchange transactions, other examples can include license fees, regulatory fees, or charges for government services that are mandated by law or regulation.
Non-exchange transactions are typically separated into four categories: derived taxes, imposed non-exchange revenues, government-mandated non-exchange transactions, and voluntary non-exchange transactions.
Therefore, option b is correct.
Learn more about Non-exchange transactions: https://brainly.com/question/14602305
#SPJ11
2) Assume the table below represents the marginal utility an average individual in TRNC can get from eating dinner at home and at a restaurant. Answer the questions accordingly. a) Choose two bundles, each one with at least one mean at home and one meal at a restaurant. Calculate the utility average individual gets from these bundles.
The table has not been provided here. However, I will still provide you with the solution for this question in general. Let us first understand what marginal utility means and what the given terms mean.
What is marginal utility? Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or usefulness a consumer receives from having one more unit of a good or service. What is the meaning of bundle? A bundle is a collection of things or quantity of material, tied or wrapped up together. Calculating utility average individual gets from the bundle To calculate the utility average individual gets from the bundle, follow these steps:
Step 1: Choose any two bundles with at least one meal at home and one meal at a restaurant. Step 2: Find the marginal utility of each bundle. Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or usefulness a consumer receives from having one more unit of a good or service. Step 3: Add the marginal utility of each bundle.Step 4: Divide the total marginal utility by the number of meals in each bundle to get the utility average individual gets from the bundle. It should be more than 100 since it is mentioned in the question.
To know more about utility visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31683947
#SPJ11
In 2014, the per capita GDP of the five richest countries was 70 times higher than that of the five poorest, i.e. y rich/y poor = 70. if Ak^1/3 and (k rich/k poor)^1/3 = 5, then the ratio of TFPs across countries, Ārich /Apoor' , to explain income differences is
A. 1
B. 5
C. 14
D. 48
E. 77
We can use the given information that the per capita GDP ratio of the five richest countries to the five poorest countries is 70 (y rich/y poor = 70) and the ratio of capital per worker is 5 (k rich/k poor = 5).
The ratio of TFPs, denoted as Ārich /Apoor, can be calculated using the formula:
(Ārich /Apoor)³ = (y rich/y poor) / (k rich/k poor)³
Substituting the given values into the formula, we have:
(Ārich /Apoor)³ = 70 / 5³
(Ārich /Apoor)³ = 70 / 125
(Ārich /Apoor)³ = 14 / 25
To find the ratio Ārich /Apoor, we take the cube root of both sides:
Ārich /Apoor = [tex](14 / 25)^(1/3)[/tex]
Calculating this expression, we find that Ārich /Apoor is approximately 0.952 or 0.95. Therefore, the ratio of TFPs across countries is approximately 0.95, which is very close to 1. Thus, the correct answer is A. 1.
Learn more about GDP here: brainly.com/question/31197617
#SPJ11
the following schedule gives the cost data for a firm. total productlong-run total cost10$ 200203003045040600501,000 diseconomies of scale start betweenmultiple choice0 and 10 units of output.40 and 50 units of output.20 and 30 units of output.30 and 40 units of output.
Based on the cost data provided, the range where Diseconomies of scale starts is between 30 and 40 units of output.
To determine the range where diseconomies of scale start, we need to look for a point where the long-run total cost per unit of output starts to increase. In this case, the long-run total cost data is given for various levels of total product.
The long-run total cost per unit of output can be calculated by dividing the total cost by the total product. Let's calculate the long-run total cost per unit of output for the given data:
Total Product | Long-run Total Cost
10 | $200
20 | $300
30 | $450
40 | $600
50 | $1,000
Long-run Total Cost per Unit of Output:
10 units: $200/10 = $20
20 units: $300/20 = $15
30 units: $450/30 = $15
40 units: $600/40 = $15
50 units: $1,000/50 = $20
From the calculations, we can observe that the long-run total cost per unit of output remains constant at $15 from 20 units to 40 units. However, when the output increases to 50 units, the long-run total cost per unit of output increases to $20.
This means that as the firm increases its output beyond 30 units, the average cost per unit of output begins to rise, indicating the presence of diseconomies of scale.
To know more about Diseconomies of scale ,visit;
https://brainly.com/question/31181577
#SPJ11
1) Write a Communication Plan for a company, non-profit organization, product, or service of your choice; (Company: Coca-cola)
2) Develop at least four creative pieces for the implementation of your Communication Plan;
3) Clearly explain what formats will be used and channels for communication.
4) Prepare PowerPoint slides reflecting the strategy of the plan.
Communication Plan for Coca-Cola:
1) Objectives:- Increase brand awareness and perception.
- Promote new product launches and initiatives.- Enhance customer engagement and loyalty.
- Educate and inform the public about sustainability efforts.
2) Target Audience:- General consumers of all ages and demographics.
- Health-conscious individuals.- Socially and environmentally conscious consumers.
- Potential and existing business partners.
3) Communication Strategies:- Advertising: Utilize TV, radio, print, and digital media platforms for brand and product promotions.
- Sustainability Campaigns: Communicate the company's sustainability initiatives through various channels to raise awareness and promote responsible consumption.
4) Creative Pieces:a) TV Commercial: A visually captivating ad showcasing Coca-Cola's iconic brand, emphasizing moments of joy, happiness, and togetherness.
b) Digital Content Series: Engaging videos and articles on the company's website and social media platforms, highlighting the Coca-Cola system's sustainability efforts.c) Interactive Social Media Campaign: Encourage consumers to share their Coca-Cola experiences using a specific hashtag, featuring user-generated content on Coca-Cola's official social media accounts.
d) Print Advertisements: Eye-catching print ads in magazines and newspapers showcasing new product launches and limited edition designs.
Learn more about business here:
https://brainly.com/question/15826604
#SPJ11
Please respond to the following prompt. Once you reply, you will see your peers' insights. You are expected to reply to (2) peers' insights.
Prompt: In our lecture, we reviewed Hellmann's' focus on Quality and their efforts in exceeding Customers' expectations, following a prior Warehousing, Distribution, and Logistics Service Provider's poor performance. Do you agree with Hellmann's solutions and what are your thoughts in regards to the following Quality themes?
-Customer needs & wants: What’s the difference?
-Design a product or service that meets or exceeds customer wants
-Design processes that facilitate doing the job right the first time.
-Keep track of results: Monitor (real-time, reporting, business reviews).
-Extend these concepts throughout the supply chain: Where else could Hellmann help these customers?
-Top management must be involved and committed: How important is this?
I agree with Hellmann's solutions to focus on quality and exceed customer expectations. Understanding customer needs and wants is crucial in delivering a satisfactory product or service. Designing processes that promote accuracy and efficiency is essential. Monitoring results in real-time helps identify areas for improvement. Hellmann can extend its quality concepts throughout the supply chain to enhance customer satisfaction. Top management involvement and commitment are vital for successfully implementing quality initiatives.
Hellmann's solutions to focus on quality and exceed customer expectations are commendable. By understanding and fulfilling customer needs and wants, they can deliver products and services that truly resonate with their target market. Designing products and processes that prioritize meeting or exceeding customer wants ensures a high level of customer satisfaction. Monitoring results through real-time tracking, reporting, and business reviews enables Hellmann to identify areas of improvement and make necessary adjustments. By extending these quality concepts throughout the supply chain, Hellmann can enhance the overall customer experience and build stronger relationships with their clients. Top management involvement and commitment are crucial to driving a culture of quality and ensuring the successful implementation of these solutions.
Learn more about solutions here;
https://brainly.com/question/24553900
#SPJ11
To save time, cover several topics when you leave a voice mail message.
TRUE
FALSE
The given statement "To save time, cover several topics when you leave a voice mail message" is False.
A voice mail message is a recorded message, that's left on a phone answering machine or voice mail system. This is because the person you want to talk to is unavailable or can’t answer the phone when you called.
Voice mail messages are used to communicate with people in a different time zone or when they're unavailable due to some work or other activities. These messages may also be sent for multiple reasons like notifying an individual about upcoming meetings, events, or other important matters that need to be discussed.
Covering several topics in a voice mail message to save timeWhen leaving a voice mail message, one should keep it as concise as possible because people usually don’t have time to listen to a long message. It is suggested that you stick to one topic in a voice mail message. If there are multiple things you need to discuss with the person, it’s best to send multiple messages.
Because it will help them to listen and comprehend what you said. In this way, the chances of misinterpretation and misunderstanding are less and people will be able to grasp the intended message properly.In brief, to save time, one should avoid covering multiple topics in one voice mail message. This can create confusion and misunderstanding. Hence, the given statement is false.
To learn more about voice mail message:
https://brainly.com/question/30707265
#SPJ11
it
all about elascity and inelascity
The graphs to the right describe the market demand for jars of "no-name antipasto in two different cities The price elasticity of demand for antipasto, in the $4 to $6 range, in City X is 17 (Compute
To compute the price elasticity of demand for antipasto in City X, we need to use the formula:
Price Elasticity of Demand = (Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded) / (Percentage Change in Price)
However, the graph provided does not give specific numerical values for the quantity demanded or the price range. Without these values, it is not possible to calculate the exact price elasticity of demand. The graph only provides a visual representation of the demand curve, showing how the quantity demanded changes with price.
To determine the price elasticity of demand, you would need specific data points for the quantity demanded at different price levels in the given range ($4 to $6). With that data, you can calculate the percentage changes in quantity demanded and price to determine the elasticity.
To know more about antipasto visit-
brainly.com/question/30614070
#SPJ11
Abbey Co. sold merchandise to Gomez Co. on account, $23.300, terms 2/15, net 30. The cost of the goods sold was $16,310 Abbey Co. issued a credit memo for $2,200 for merchandise returned that originally cost $1,500. Gomez Co. paid the invoice within the discount period. What is the amount of gross profit earned by Abbey Co. on the above transactions?
The amount of gross profit earned by Abbey Co. on the above transactions is $4,568. gross profit is the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold. Revenue is the amount of money that a company earns from selling its products or services to customers.
Cost of goods sold is the total cost of the products or services that a company sold during a given period of time.In the given problem: The amount of the merchandise sold on account was $23,300 and the cost of goods sold was $16,310.
Therefore, the gross profit on the sale was:Gross profit = Revenue - Cost of goods Sold Gross profit = $23,300 - $16,310Gross profit
= $6,990The credit memo issued for the merchandise returned was $2,200 and the cost of that merchandise was $1,500. Therefore, the gross profit on the return was:Gross profit
= Credit memo - Cost of goods Returned Gross profit = $2,200 - $1,500
= $700The net revenue from the sale is:Net revenue = Revenue - Credit memo Net revenue
= $23,300 - $2,200Net revenue
= $21,100Since Gomez Co. paid the invoice within the discount period, Abbey Co. will give Gomez Co. a 2% discount on the net revenue: Discount
= 2% x Net revenueDiscount = 2% x $21,100Discount = $422Therefore, the net sales is: Net sales = Net revenue - Discount Net sales = $21,100 - $422Net sales = $20,678 The cost of goods sold on the net sales is:Cost of goods sold
= Cost of goods sold / Revenue x Net salesCost of goods sold = $16,310 / $23,300 x $20,678Cost of goods sold = $14,506.76.
Therefore, the gross profit on the net sales is:Gross profit = Net sales - Cost of goods sold Gross profit = $20,678 - $14,506.76 Gross profit = $6,171.24Finally, the total gross profit earned by Abbey Co. on the above transactions.
To know more about Gross profit visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28942301
#SPJ11
South Miami Medical Clinic (SMMC) has about 17.5 patients arriving per hour on average. SMMC serves about 20 patients per hour on average. Also, SMMC does NOT follow the traditional M/M/1 model. A patient arriving at this facility is expected to have one of the following wait times of (0 or 1 or 4 or 6 or 8 minutes) in the queue before being served. The probabilities associated with these wait times in the queue are 0.3, 0.2, 0.3, 0.1, and 0.1 respectively. The patient's average wait time in queue is expected to be: a. 2.3 minutes O b. 7.2 minutes c. 5.6 minutes d. 3.9 minutes e. 2.8 minutes
The average wait time for a patient at South Miami Medical Clinic (SMMC) is (option) e. 2.8 minutes. This is calculated by taking into account the probabilities associated with different wait times and finding their weighted average.
In more detail, SMMC has an average arrival rate of 17.5 patients per hour and serves about 20 patients per hour. This indicates that the clinic operates at a slightly higher service rate than the arrival rate, suggesting that there may be some waiting time for patients.
The given probabilities for different wait times (0, 1, 4, 6, and 8 minutes) represent the chances of a patient experiencing each of those specific wait times in the queue before being served. By multiplying each wait time by its respective probability and summing up the results, we can obtain the average wait time.
Calculating the average wait time:
(0 minutes * 0.3) + (1 minute * 0.2) + (4 minutes * 0.3) + (6 minutes * 0.1) + (8 minutes * 0.1) = 2.8 minutes
Therefore, the average wait time for a patient at SMMC is expected to be 2.8 minutes. This indicates that, on average, patients can expect to spend approximately 2.8 minutes in the queue before being served.
To learn more about average wait time click here: brainly.com/question/30930661
#SPJ11
Creating equity say what characteristics of the populationmust have in order for those students and/or schools to receive additional funding. Describe the areas that are "weighted" and why were they selected?
Population characteristics like socioeconomic status, English proficiency, special education needs, and academic performance gaps are weighted for funding to address inequalities and promote equity in education.
When striving to create equity in education, additional funding may be allocated to students and/or schools based on specific characteristics of the population. Socioeconomic status is often considered a key factor as students from low-income families may face greater barriers to educational success.
English language proficiency is weighted to support students who require additional resources for language acquisition. Special education needs are prioritized to ensure that students with disabilities receive appropriate support. Academic performance gaps may be addressed by providing extra funding to schools serving disadvantaged students.
These areas are weighted and selected because they reflect dimensions of inequality and disadvantage that can hinder educational opportunities. By directing additional resources to students and schools with higher needs, the aim is to level the playing field and provide equitable access to quality education. This targeted approach recognizes that different populations require different levels of support to overcome systemic barriers and achieve academic success.
Learn more about equity here:
https://brainly.com/question/31458166
#SPJ11
Consumer landscape is changing but they can be understood. a) Describe the approach that you will take to understand the emerging consumer needs. In your descriptions, explain how you can use the information to refine the needs for the new product that you are going to design. b) Based on your description above, identify a product that will no longer meet the emerging needs and explain the factors that lead to this scenario.
Understanding the emerging consumer needs is essential for any business that seeks to retain its current customers and acquire new ones. The following are some approaches that can be taken to understand emerging customer needs: Conduct Market Research
Conducting market research is the most effective method to understand emerging consumer needs. The business will get detailed feedback on what the customers require, their preferences, and how their behavior influences the buying decisions they make. Analyze Customer Data: Reviewing the customer's data helps in tracking consumer behavior, preferences, and purchase history. This will allow the business to predict future needs and trends and, in turn, refine the needs for the new product that they are going to design. Attend Conferences and Trade Shows: Attending trade shows and conferences gives a business an opportunity to connect with industry leaders and consumers, thus creating an awareness of emerging trends and demands that will be crucial in the design of the new product.
Refining the needs for a new product involves analyzing the information gathered from the approaches listed above and summarizing the results. Based on the data analyzed, a business can decide which features to prioritize in the product design process to meet the consumer's needs and expectations. Additionally, the analysis of data from customer behavior, preferences, and purchase history can help a business in forecasting future needs, thus, tailoring their new product accordingly.
To identify a product that no longer meets emerging consumer needs, a business must first evaluate what it offers against the emerging trends and needs. A product that may no longer meet the emerging needs may include features that are outdated or unpopular in the current market, thus losing its relevance among the consumers. The factors that lead to this scenario may include technological advances that have led to better alternatives, changing consumer tastes and preferences, and the emergence of competitors who offer better and more relevant products. In conclusion, businesses should always keep their finger on the pulse of emerging trends and consumers' needs to stay ahead of the competition and retain their customers.
To know more about the consumer needs visit:
brainly.com/question/20411098
#SPJ11
Moving to another question will save this response. 1 points Save Answer Question 4 CASE: In order to avoid new product failure, we need to minimize failure by implementing the process of new product development correctly. Batelco knows that no matter how excellent engineers it has in the company, sometimes the only way to offer services that are creative is by going outside the company. So, Batelco starts a competition for Innovation, it invites creative people from anywhere in the world to bring new product ideas. QUESTION: Identify the idea generation tool used in this example.
The idea generation tool used in this example is a competition for innovation. The competition for innovation is an idea generation tool used to develop creative products by inviting people from all over the world to bring new ideas to the company.
By inviting people from all over the world, Batelco aims to avoid new product failure. It is a good way to gain new ideas that can help to launch innovative products successfully.There are many different types of idea generation tools that companies can use, including brainstorming, mind mapping, SWOT analysis, and more. However, the competition for innovation is one of the most effective ways to generate new ideas for products. By offering incentives, such as cash prizes or recognition, companies can attract a large number of people who are motivated to create and share new ideas. This can lead to the development of new products that meet the needs and wants of customers, resulting in increased sales and profits.
In conclusion, the idea generation tool used in this example is a competition for innovation. This tool is effective in generating new product ideas and helps to minimize the risk of new product failure.
To learn more about SWOT analysis:
https://brainly.com/question/31088966
#SPJ11
Bahrain Company makes snow blowers, it has two departments that process all products: Assembly and Testing The following data pertain to the Assembly department. Direct materials are added at the beginning of the process and conversion costs are uniformly incurred. The degree of completion of conversion cost is as follows: At the beginning of September, work in process is 40% complete and at the end of the month work in process is 60% complete. Other data for the month include: Beginning work-in-process inventory 3,200 units Units started 4,000 units Units completed 6,400 units Ending work-in-process inventory ? Conversion costs for September $400,000 13 OF 13 QUESTIONS REMAINING Grad Units completed 6,400 units E Ending work-in-process inventory 7 Conversion costs for September $400,000 Direct materials cost for September $520,000 Beginning work-in-process costs: Materials $308,000 Conversion $164,160 Required: a) Prepare a production cost schedule for the Assembly Department at the end of September using the weighted average method of process costing. (9 marks) b) Prepare the necessary journal entries.
a) Production Cost Schedule (Weighted Average Method) Quantity: - Beginning inventory = 3,200 units ,Units started = 4,000 units, Total = 7,200 units, Beginning WIP inventory - Materials Cost = $308,000, Conversion = $164,160.Total = $308,000+ $164,160. Therefore, Total =$472,160. Current Costs - Materials = $520,000, Conversion = $400,000.
Total = $920,000.Total cost to account for = $1,392,160. Calculation of the Cost Per Equivalent Unit: $1,392,160 ÷ 13,600 units = $102.3529. Equivalent Units: Unit materials Conversion costs Total Beginning WIP inventory (3,200 × 100%) = 3,200 3,200 3,200 Started and completed during September (6,400 × 100%) = 6,400 6,400 6,400
Ending inventory (7,200 × 60%) = 4,320 4,320 4,320. Total equivalent units 13,920 13,920 13,920
Calculation of Total Costs: Equivalent Units Cost per equivalent unit Total costs Materials 13,920 $102.3529 $1,423,345.89 . Conversion costs 13,920 $102.3529 $1,423,345.89. Total Cost $2,846,691.78
b) Journal Entries Work in Process Inventory Assembly Department: Direct materials $1,423,345.89 Conversion costs $1,423,345.89 To record production cost for the month of September Completed Production: Work in process inventory- Assembly Department $2,846,691.78 To finished goods inventory $2,846,691.78 To record transfer of completed production.
To know more about Journal Entry visit-
brainly.com/question/20421012
#SPJ11
Managerial accounting, as compared to financial accounting, is primarily intended to facilitate: an understanding of GAAP.
a. reporting results to shareholders.
b. making decisions with timely,
c. relevant information.
d. conducting ethics investigations under SOX.
Managerial accounting focuses on providing information to internal users, such as managers and decision-makers within an organization, to support their decision-making process.
It involves the analysis, interpretation, and communication of financial and non-financial data to assist in planning, controlling, and evaluating the performance of the organization. Unlike financial accounting, which primarily focuses on reporting financial information to external stakeholders and is governed by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), managerial accounting is not bound by GAAP and has more flexibility in terms of the information it provides.
Learn more about accounting here;
https://brainly.com/question/5640110
#SPJ11
Please respond to the following questions. Your response should be at least one paragraph long. How did the Grand Narrative change the way we look at Western history? How did the change in the concept of the Grand Narrative help the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s and the Feminist Movement of the 1960s and 1970s?
The Grand Narrative refers to the dominant historical narrative that presents a unified and linear view of Western history. The shift away from the Grand Narrative has changed the way we perceive Western history by challenging the notion of a single, objective truth and acknowledging multiple perspectives and marginalized voices.
The Grand Narrative presented a one-sided and often Eurocentric view of Western history, portraying it as a linear progression of events driven by specific actors and ideologies. However, the shift away from the Grand Narrative challenged this notion by acknowledging the complexity and diversity of historical experiences. It recognized the existence of multiple perspectives, subaltern histories, and marginalized voices that were previously ignored or silenced.
This change in historical perspective was crucial for the Civil Rights Movement and the Feminist Movement. By questioning and challenging traditional historical narratives that reinforced inequality and oppression, activists in these movements were able to assert their own narratives and demand recognition for their experiences and struggles. The abandonment of the Grand Narrative opened up space for alternative histories and counter-narratives that highlighted the contributions and perspectives of marginalized groups.
This shift also helped shape public consciousness and foster empathy and understanding among broader society. It challenged deeply entrenched biases and assumptions, fostering a more inclusive and diverse understanding of history. By recognizing the importance of diverse perspectives and experiences, the change in the concept of the Grand Narrative provided a foundation for social movements to challenge systemic injustices and advocate for equality and social change.
Learn more about Civil Rights Movement here:
https://brainly.com/question/32042116
#SPJ11
True or false: corporate profits could be subject to double taxation
True or false : A corporation formed in another country but doing business in the United States is referred to in the United States as an alien corporation
True or false: certain employers must provide their employees with up to 15 weeks of unpaid family or medical leave during any 15 month period
True: Corporate profits could be subject to double taxation, where the corporation pays taxes on its profits, and then the shareholders pay taxes on the dividends they receive from those profits.
False: A corporation formed in another country but doing business in the United States is not referred to as an "alien corporation" in the United States.
is typically referred to as a "foreign corporation."
True: Certain employers in the United States are required to provide their employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid family or medical leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act .
Learn more about business here:
https://brainly.com/question/15826604
#SPJ11
Weston Corporation just paid a dividend of $1.75 a share (i.e., D0 = $1.75). The dividend is expected to grow 12% a year for the next 3 years and then at 5% a year thereafter. What is the expected dividend per share for each of the next 5 years? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent.
D1 = $
D2 = $
D3 = $
D4 = $
D5 = $
The expected dividend per share for each of the next 5 years is as follows:
Year 1: $1.96 Year 2: $2.19 Year 3: $2.45 Year 4: $2.57 Year 5: $2.57
It is calculated as follows:
Year 1: D1 = D0 * (1 + growth rate) = $1.75 * (1 + 0.12) = $1.96
Year 2: D2 = D1 * (1 + growth rate) = $1.96 * (1 + 0.12) = $2.19
Year 3: D3 = D2 * (1 + growth rate) = $2.19 * (1 + 0.12) = $2.45
Year 4 onwards: Since the dividend growth rate is 5% from year 4 onwards, we can calculate the expected dividend using the formula:
Dn = Dn-1 * (1 + growth rate) = $2.45 * (1 + 0.05) = $2.57
To know more about dividend, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31681729
#SPJ11
In 2018, a football player signed a contract reported to be worth $72.4 million. The contract was to be paid as $10.2 million in 2018, $11.3 million in 2019, $12.6 million in 2020, $12.7 million in 2021, $12.7 million in 2022, and $12.9 million in 2023. If the appropriate interest rate is 7 percent, what kind of deal did the player snag? Assume all payments are paid at the end of the year. (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 1,234,567.89.) "I" Present value
The present value of the contract that the football player signed will be $56,696,839.91 if the appropriate interest rate is 7 percent. This means that the football player snagged a deal of $72.4 million with a present value of $56,696,839.91.
Steps to find the present value of the contract:
To calculate the present value of the contract, the present value of each payment needs to be calculated. The formula to calculate the present value is:
PV = FV / (1 + r) n
where, PV = present value of the payment
FV = future value of the payment
r = interest rate
n = number of periods.
The present value of each payment is calculated as follows:
Present value of payment in 2018= $10.2 million / (1 + 0.07)¹
= $9,533,645.79
Present value of payment in 2019= $11.3 million / (1 + 0.07)²
= $9,785,220.20
Present value of payment in 2020= $12.6 million / (1 + 0.07)³ = $10,021,759.23
Present value of payment in 2021= $12.7 million / (1 + 0.07)⁴ = $9,633,165.36
Present value of payment in 2022= $12.7 million / (1 + 0.07)⁵ = $9,256,735.04
Present value of payment in 2023= $12.9 million / (1 + 0.07)⁶ = $8,890,534.29
The present value of all the payments is the sum of the present values of all the payments:
PV of all payments = $9,533,645.79 + $9,785,220.20 + $10,021,759.23 + $9,633,165.36 + $9,256,735.04 + $8,890,534.29= $56,696,839.91
Therefore, the present value of the contract that the football player signed will be $56,696,839.91, if the appropriate interest rate is 7 percent. This means that the football player snagged a deal of $72.4 million with a present value of $56,696,839.91.
To know more about present value visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28304447
#SPJ11
in which of the following situations will all states make an award of workers compensation? A. A secretary is assaulted by a trespasser in an accounting firm.
B. A security guard employed by a software company is assaulted by a trespasser.
C. Two employees engage in an arm wrestling match and are injured as a result.
D. An employee attempts to impress his co-worker by placing a lit match close to his hand and is burned as a result.
Among the given situations, the one in which all states will make an award of workers' compensation is: A security guard employed by a software company is assaulted by a trespasser.
In most states, workers' compensation laws cover injuries and illnesses that occur during the course of employment. While situations A, C, and D involve injuries that occurred at the workplace, they may not necessarily be considered compensable under workers' compensation laws.
Situation A may depend on the specific circumstances and whether the assault was directly related to the employment or work-related duties. Situation C involves an activity (arm wrestling) that is not typically considered within the scope of employment. Situation D involves a self-inflicted injury that may not be considered work-related.
Know more about workers' compensation here:
https://brainly.com/question/15307992
#SPJ11
if the economy starts out with a balanced federal budget, a subsequent expansionary fiscal policy will create a budget
If the economy starts out with a balanced federal budget, a subsequent expansionary fiscal policy will create a budget deficit. This is because an expansionary fiscal policy involves increasing government spending and/or decreasing taxes, which will cause a decrease in government revenue.
In a balanced budget scenario, government spending is equal to government revenue. When government spending is increased or taxes are decreased, it means that government revenue will decrease. If government revenue decreases, while government spending remains the same, it will result in a budget deficit. A budget deficit is when government spending is greater than government revenue. Therefore, if the economy starts out with a balanced federal budget, a subsequent expansionary fiscal policy will create a budget deficit.
A subsequent expansionary fiscal policy will create a budget deficit if the economy starts out with a balanced federal budget. The detailed answer explains why this is the case, by showing that an expansionary fiscal policy will cause a decrease in government revenue, which will result in government spending being greater than government revenue.
Learn more about expansionary fiscal policy: https://brainly.com/question/29762365
#SPJ11
To fully develop Companies which will comply with Shariah standards and will reflect Islamic principles and values are: O To choose from conventional Stock exchanges O To develop new companies according to pure Islamic laws and rules O to choose from Standard and Poor 500 Fortune companies. O None of the above
To fully develop companies that comply with Shariah standards and reflect Islamic principles and values, the option of creating new companies according to pure Islamic laws and rules is the most appropriate choice.
When aiming to establish companies that adhere to Shariah standards and Islamic principles, it is important to follow pure Islamic laws and rules. This involves establishing new companies that are specifically designed to comply with these principles.
This approach ensures that all aspects of the company's operations, from its financial transactions to its business activities, are in accordance with Islamic guidelines. By starting new companies, it becomes possible to carefully structure the company's operations and corporate governance in a way that fully aligns with Islamic values.
Choosing from conventional stock exchanges or selecting companies from the Standard and Poor's 500 Fortune list may present challenges in terms of compliance with Shariah standards. While some companies listed on conventional exchanges or in the Fortune 500 may meet specific criteria, additional screening and due diligence are necessary to ensure full compliance with Islamic principles.
It may require evaluating these companies' business activities, financial practices, and debt structures to ensure that they align with Shariah principles. Therefore, the most appropriate approach for fully developing Sharia-compliant companies is to establish new companies that are specifically designed to adhere to Islamic laws and rules.
Learn more about debt, below:
https://brainly.com/question/31102427
#SPJ11
Required information. [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Allied Merchandisers was organized on May 1. Macy Company is a major customer (buyer) of Allied (seller) products, May 3 Allied made its first and only purchase of inventory for the period on May 3 for 2,000 units at a price of $10 cash per unit (for a total cost of $20,000). May 5 Allied sold 1,500 of the units in inventory for $14 per unit (invoice total: $21,000) to Macy Company under credit terms 2/10, n/60. The goods cost Allied $15,000. May 7 Macy returns 125 units because they did not fit the customer's needs (invoice amount: $1,750). Allied restores the units, which cost $1,250, to its inventory. May 8 Macy discovers that 200 units are scuffed but are still of use and, therefore, keeps the units. Allied gives a price reduction (allowance) and credits Macy's accounts receivable for $300 to compensate for the damage. Allied receives payment from Macy for the amount allowances, and any cash discount. ved on the May 5 purchase; payment is net of returns, May 15 Prepare the appropriate journal entries for Macy Company to record each of the May transactions. Macy is a retailer that uses the gross method and a perpetual inventory system; it purchases these units for resale. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.) View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 1 Allied made its first and only purchase of inventory for the period on May 3 for 2,000 units at a price of $10 cash per unit (for a total cost of $20,000).
Allied purchased 2,000 units of inventory on May 3 for a total cost of $20,000. The journal entry records the increase in inventory and the corresponding increase in accounts payable.
Identify the accounts involved:
Inventory: Represents the inventory purchased by Allied.
Accounts Payable: Represents the amount owed by Allied to the supplier for the purchase.
Determine the impact on each account:
Inventory increases as Allied acquires 2,000 units of inventory.
Accounts Payable increases as Allied incurs a liability to pay for the inventory.
Write the journal entry:
Date: May 3
Accounts Payable 20,000
Inventory 20,000
The journal entry records the increase in inventory and the corresponding increase in accounts payable due to Allied's purchase of 2,000 units of inventory at a cost of $10 per unit, totaling $20,000.
Learn more about inventory
https://brainly.com/question/31146932
#SPJ11
Using the Rossiter & Percy grid, identify the quadrant for ING and justify your choice.
Explanation:
The Rossiter-Percy Grid is an extension of the established Foote Cone and Belding Planning Grid that managers have long used as a guide to advertising copy strategy.
The Rossiter and Percy grid is a powerful tool for developing and executing effective advertising campaigns.
The model is used to identify a brand's target market and create a message that resonates with them. This can help advertisers increase the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns, leading to increased brand awareness, sales, and customer loyalty. ING has a unique position in the market. The brand is known for providing online banking services, making it a popular choice for people who prefer the convenience of digital banking. Because of this, the brand would most likely be located in the upper left quadrant of the Rossiter and Percy grid. This quadrant is known as the informational/functional quadrant. Brands located here are focused on providing practical benefits to their customers. They are often associated with high quality and reliability and tend to be preferred by customers who value these qualities over more emotional benefits like social status or prestige. ING's focus on online banking services means that it is primarily competing on functional benefits like convenience, security, and ease of use. These are all qualities that are associated with the informational/functional quadrant of the Rossiter and Percy grid, making it the most likely location for the brand.
Learn more about quadrant brainly.com/question/16634867.
#SPJ11
1.Undertake a SWOT and PESTLE analysis on KFC and use the results to analyse the main e-commerce related opportunities and challenges it has faced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate how successfully it has addressed these.
2. Evaluate how the KFC organisation has adapted its overall digital marketing activities in order to attract new customers and retain existing customers and identify TWO (2) specific digital marketing initiatives that have been particularly successful, giving the reasons for your choice. Explain how these digital marketing activities have been used to support the unique selling point (USP) of the organisation.
3. Examine how the growth in sales and/or customer base has posed supply chain challenges for KFC and the ways in which it has sought to overcome these challenges in order to provide high levels of service and fulfilment.
4. Using your research, identify TWO (2) social media channels that the KFC uses to help develop its online communities. Explain the reasons why each of these TWO (2) channels have been selected and the benefits they provide in terms of achieving enhanced communication and interaction with these communities. (15 marks)
5. Identify whether the KFC’s e-commerce site has an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate AND if its payment systems are PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) compliant. Define the key characteristics of both features and discuss how they can help customers to have confidence in the security of the e-commerce site.
6. Evaluate the ways in which the KFC has sought to develop and use its brand as an important element of its overall e-commerce strategy during the pandemic.
7.Using your research, identify and briefly describe TWO (2) features of the ecommerce site that you believe are particular strengths in terms of meeting the needs and expectations of the site’s target audience(s), detailing the reasons for your choice.
KFC, a global fast-food chain specializing in fried chicken, has faced both opportunities and challenges in the e-commerce landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A SWOT analysis reveals strengths such as strong brand recognition and a wide customer base, weaknesses like reliance on dine-in sales, opportunities such as increased demand for online food delivery, and threats including intensified competition.
A PESTLE analysis uncovers factors such as changing consumer behavior, government regulations, and technological advancements. KFC has successfully addressed these challenges by expanding its online delivery services, partnering with third-party delivery platforms, and implementing contactless delivery options.
KFC's strengths lie in its well-established brand image and a large customer base that provides a solid foundation for e-commerce opportunities. However, the reliance on dine-in sales became a weakness during the pandemic when social distancing measures limited in-person dining.
The shift in consumer behavior created opportunities for KFC to tap into the growing demand for online food delivery services. By expanding its online presence and offering delivery through third-party platforms, KFC capitalized on the e-commerce trend. Furthermore, the company implemented contactless delivery options to address safety concerns. These measures allowed KFC to successfully adapt to the challenges posed by the pandemic and continue serving its customers through e-commerce channels.
Learn more about e-commerce here: brainly.com/question/31073911
#SPJ11
Direct-to-consumer businesses have had mixed success. That is, while the model has succeeded in some categories, it has not worked in others. Can you identify reasons why? Which product categories may be more suited for direct-to-consumer business model?
The success of direct-to-consumer (D2C) businesses can vary depending on various factors such as product characteristics, consumer behavior, and market dynamics.
Certain reasons why the D2C model may not work for some categories include:
1. Complex or high-touch products: Products that require in-person demonstration, customization, or consultation may not translate well to a D2C model. Customers may prefer the expertise and guidance provided by physical retail stores.
2. Established distribution channels: Industries with well-established distribution networks and strong partnerships may make it challenging for D2C brands to compete effectively. Existing retailers may have strong relationships with suppliers and a wider reach.
3. Cost and logistics: Some products may have high shipping costs, complex supply chains, or require specialized storage and handling. These factors can pose challenges for D2C brands in terms of operational efficiency and cost management.
Product categories that are more suited for the D2C model include:
1. Niche or specialized products: D2C allows brands to directly reach and cater to niche markets that may not be easily accessible through traditional retail channels.
2. Digitally native products: Products that are inherently digital, such as software, e-books, or digital subscriptions, are well-suited for the D2C model as they can be easily delivered and accessed online.
3. Personal care and beauty products: D2C brands in the personal care and beauty industry have found success by offering personalized products, subscription models, and direct communication with customers.
4. Apparel and fashion: D2C brands in the fashion industry have capitalized on online shopping trends, offering unique styles, customization options, and direct engagement with customers.
Ultimately, the suitability of the D2C model depends on factors such as product characteristics, market dynamics, consumer preferences, and the ability of the brand to effectively leverage digital channels and provide a compelling value proposition to customers.
Learn more about direct-to-consumer
https://brainly.com/question/30305150
#SPJ11
Costs of production for each competitive firm is given by: C(q) = 8 + 2q². Market demand is Qd = 100 - 5p. What is the number of firms in the long-run equilibrium? O 100 - 90 O 60 O 30 O Question 16 A profit tax on a monopolist O will have no effect on the profit maximizing price and quantity O will have no effect on the profit maximizing quantity but the price is going to be higher. O will have no effect on the profit maximizing price but the quantity is going to be lower. O will make both price and quantity higher. Question 17 Production technology is q = K¹/2L. What is the short-run cost function C if K =16, w = 6 and r = 3 OC=48+1.5q O C= 12 +1.2q O C = 32+2.5q OC= 8+2q
There are approximately 30 firms in the long-run equilibrium. A profit tax on a monopolist will make both price and quantity higher. So the short-run cost function is C(q) = 1.5q + 48/q.
The long-run equilibrium of the firm occurs when the number of firms supplying the good is adjusted so that no firm wants to leave the industry and no firm wants to enter the industry. The market supply curve is then horizontal, at the level of the minimum long-run average cost of production.
Given C(q) = 8 + 2q² and Qd = 100 - 5p, to determine the number of firms in the long-run equilibrium we should first determine the short-run supply curve of the competitive firm.
In the short run, the competitive firm produces where its marginal cost equals the market price and sets price equal to its marginal cost. Marginal cost is the derivative of the cost function, so we get:
MC = dC/dq = 4q
Setting MC equal to the market price, we get:
4q = 100 - 5p
The market demand curve Qd = 100 - 5p gives us the inverse demand curve p = 20 - Qd/5, which we can substitute into the short-run supply curve:
4q = 100 - 5(20 - q/5) = 100 - 100 + q
q = 25
So in the short run, each firm produces 25 units at a price of:
p = 20 - 25/5 = 15
To determine the number of firms in the long-run equilibrium, we need to find the long-run average cost of production. The long-run average cost of production is the minimum average cost along the firm's long-run average cost curve.
The long-run average cost is found by solving the following problem:
Minimize C(q)/q = 8/q + 2q
Taking the derivative of the long-run average cost with respect to q gives:
d(LAC)/dq = -8/q² + 2
Setting this equal to zero, we get:
-8/q² + 2 = 0
q² = 4
q = 2√2
The long-run average cost is then:
LAC = C(q)/q = (8 + 8)/2√2 = 8√2
The market demand is Qd = 100 - 5p, so we can solve for the market price:
Qd = nq = 2√2n
100 - 5p = 2√2n
p = 20 - 2/√2n
We can substitute this price into the long-run average cost to get:
LAC = 8/√2 + 4√2/n
Setting this equal to the price, we get:
20 - 2/√2n = 8/√2 + 4√2/n
Solving for n, we get:
n = 30.36
So there are approximately 30 firms in the long-run equilibrium.
In a monopolist firm, the profit-maximizing output and price are found at the point where the marginal revenue equals the marginal cost. A profit tax on a monopolist will make both price and quantity higher.
Given q = K¹/²L, K = 16, w = 6, and r = 3, we can find the short-run cost function C(q) = wL + rK/q, where L = q/K¹/²:
L = q/K¹/² = q/4
C(q) = 6(q/4) + 3(16)/q = 1.5q + 48/q
To know more about Market visit:
brainly.com/question/15483550
#SPJ11
Consider a monopoly whose: Inverse Demand curve is P = 90-0.5Q. The Total Cost function is TC = 20 + 2Q + 2Q². • The Marginal Cost equation is MC = 2 + 4Q. Based on this information, answer the following questions: (i) Obtain the equation of the MR curve for the monopolist. (ii) Calculate the monopolist's profit maximising price and quantity, and show your working. (iii) Calculate the monopoly's market power and explain your work. (iv) By using the information in the question, draw appropriate curves on a diagram to show the monopoly's (a) profit maximising level of output and price, (b) the level of producer surplus and (c) the level of deadweight loss. (v) Calculate the value of producer surplus at the profit maximising price and quantity, and show your working. (vi) Calculate the size of the deadweight loss at the profit maximising price and quantity, and show your working. (vii) If this monopolist was perfectly price discriminating, then what area in your diagram for part (iv) would show the producer surplus? Explain your answer.
(i) The equation of the MR curve for the monopolist is MR = 90 - Q.
(ii) the monopolist's profit-maximizing price is approximately $81.2, and the quantity is 17.6 units.
(iii) the monopoly's market power is approximately 0.80.
To obtain the marginal revenue (MR) curve, we differentiate the inverse demand equation with respect to quantity (Q). The inverse demand equation is P = 90 - 0.5Q.
First, we rearrange the equation to solve for quantity:
Q = 180 - 2P.
Next, we differentiate the equation with respect to Q to find the MR curve:
MR = d(180 - 2P)/dQ
MR = -2.
Therefore, the equation of the MR curve for the monopolist is MR = 90 - Q.
(ii) To find the monopolist's profit-maximizing price and quantity, we equate MR with the marginal cost (MC) equation.
MR = MC
90 - Q = 2 + 4Q.
Rearranging the equation, we have:
5Q = 88,
Q = 17.6.
Substituting this value back into the inverse demand equation, we can find the price:
P = 90 - 0.5Q,
P = 90 - 0.5(17.6),
P ≈ 81.2.
Therefore, the monopolist's profit-maximizing price is approximately $81.2, and the quantity is 17.6 units.
(iii) Market power, which measures the monopolist's ability to set prices above marginal cost, can be determined using the Lerner Index formula:
L = (P - MC) / P * (1 / (1 / elasticity of demand)).
In this case, the elasticity of demand can be calculated as the negative ratio of the change in quantity to the change in price:
Elasticity of demand = ΔQ / ΔP = - (dQ / dP) * (P / Q).
By differentiating the inverse demand equation, we find:
dQ / dP = -0.5,
P / Q = (90 - 0.5Q) / Q.
Substituting these values into the elasticity formula, we have:
Elasticity of demand = - (dQ / dP) * (P / Q) = - (-0.5) * (90 - 0.5Q) / Q.
At the profit-maximizing quantity of Q = 17.6, the elasticity of demand is:
Elasticity of demand = - (-0.5) * (90 - 0.5 * 17.6) / 17.6 ≈ -1.49.
The market power can now be calculated using the Lerner Index:
L = (P - MC) / P * (1 / (1 / elasticity of demand))
L = (81.2 - (2 + 4 * 17.6)) / 81.2 * (1 / (-1 / 1.49))
L ≈ 0.80.
Therefore, the monopoly's market power is approximately 0.80.
(iv) To draw the diagram, we plot the demand curve, marginal cost curve, and marginal revenue curve.
(a) The profit-maximizing level of output is Q = 17.6, and the price is P ≈ $81.2. We mark this point on the graph.
(b) Producer surplus is represented by the area above the marginal cost curve and below the price. We shade this area on the graph.
(c) Deadweight loss is represented by the area between the demand curve and the marginal cost curve, to the left of the profit-maximizing quantity. We shade this area on the graph.
(v) To calculate the value of producer surplus at the profit-maximizing price and quantity, we need to find the area above the marginal cost curve and below the price.
Producer Surplus = (Price - Marginal Cost) * Quantity
Producer Surplus = (81.2 - (2 + 4 * 17.6)) * 17.6.
(vi) To calculate the size of the deadweight loss at the profit-maximizing price and quantity, we need to find the area between the demand curve and the marginal cost curve, to the left of the profit-maximizing quantity.
Deadweight Loss = 0.5 * (Price - Marginal Cost) * (Quantity - Competitive Quantity)
Deadweight Loss = 0.5 * (81.2 - (2 + 4 * 17.6)) * (17.6 - Competitive Quantity).
(vii) If the monopolist was perfectly price discriminating, there would be no deadweight loss and the entire area below the demand curve and above the marginal cost curve would represent producer surplus. This is because in perfect price discrimination, the monopolist charges each customer their willingness to pay, capturing all consumer surplus as producer surplus.
In conclusion, we obtained the equation of the MR curve for the monopolist as MR = 90 - Q. The monopolist's profit-maximizing price is approximately $81.2, and the quantity is 17.6 units. The market power of the monopoly is approximately 0.80. On the diagram, we represented the profit-maximizing level of output and price, the level of producer surplus, and the level of deadweight loss. The value of producer surplus at the profit-maximizing price and quantity can be calculated, as well as the size of the deadweight loss. Finally, in the case of perfect price discrimination, the entire area below the demand curve and above the marginal cost curve would represent producer surplus.
To know more about profit ,visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1078746
#SPJ11
