determine the rate law and calculate the rate constant for the following reaction from the rate. s2o82-

for each molecule of glucose that is catabolized in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, produced 10 NADH.

Each glucose molecule entering glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules 2 ATP, and 2 NADH, thus doubling the number of pyruvate entering the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle cannot occur in the absence of oxygen, In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate of converted to lactic acid which is broken down and excreted by the cell.

Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecular product of glycolysis. When oxygen is present in the cell, pyruvate is decarboxylated (C- is removed mediated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) and two oxygen atoms are included to form carbon dioxide. A redox reaction also occurs when coenzyme A binds to form acetyl-CoA and NAD+ is reduced to NADH.

Each glucose molecule entering glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules, thus doubling the number of pyruvate entering the citric acid cycle.

Therefore, the number of each ATP, NADH, and FADH2 molecule produced in the citric acid cycle is doubled. Therefore, in the citric acid cycle, one glucose molecule produces two ATPs, six NADHs, and two FADH2s.

Thus, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 will be produced in the citric acid cycle by one glucose molecule

So, if the whole process of cellular respiration is summarized then the result is:

Glycolysis: 1 glucose → 2 pyruvic acid + 2 ATP + 2 NADH

Oxidative decarboxylation: 1 pyruvic acid → 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 NADH

Since 1 glucose produces 2 pyruvic acid, then from the oxidative decarboxylation stage:

2 pyruvic acid → 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH

Krebs cycle: 1 acetyl CoA + 1 oxaloacetic acid → 1 citric acid + 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP

Since 1 glucose produces 2 pyruvic acids and 2 pyruvic acids produce 2 acetyl-CoA, then from the Krebs cycle stage:

2 acetyl CoA + 2 oxaloacetic acid → 2 citric acid + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP

From the three stages of cellular respiration above, it can be concluded that one molecule of glucose can produce a total of 4 ATP, 10 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

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Small mount of activated charcoal in final product does not affect the melting point of the compound because some compound has high impurity weight.

The activated charcoal can remove impurities in the gaseous and iquid state from many solutions. By the process of adsorption the activated charcoal attracts these molecules to the surface of the charcoal. A small amount of impurities left from the charcoal used in some step. It does not affect the melting point of the compound because some compound has high impurity weight.

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Create structural formulas and give all the isomeric compounds respectable names (a) Nitrotoluenes: (a) To the methyl group, the nitro group may be ortho, meta, or para.

What is the purpose of nitrotoluene?

In the manufacturing of pigments, antioxidants, agricultural chemicals, and photographic chemicals, nitrotoluene is typically used. For the purpose of detecting explosives, ortho- and para-mononitrotoluene can be utilised as detection taggants.

How is nitrotoluene produced?

Fractional distillation is a method that can be used to separate the combination of p-nitrotoluene and o-nitrotoluene. Thus, benzene is changed into p-nitrotoluene by first changing it into toluene, which is then changed into a combination of o-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene. Finally, the mixture is separated into its component parts by fractional distillation to produce p-nitrotoluene.

Briefing

Formula of p-nitrotoluene?

CH3C6H4NO2

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Priority will be given to the group with the highest atomic number. Priority is as follows: -CH2Br > -CH2OH > -CH2NH2 > -CH3

Absolute configuration is the stereochemical description of the spatial arrangement of atoms within a chiral molecular entity (or group). Since carbon is linked to four different substituents in organic compounds, absolute configuration is frequently relevant.

Absolute Configuration, which distinguishes between right-handed and left-handed stereo structures in chiral compounds, is the spatial arrangement of atoms.

A physically recognized non-centrosymmetric crystal's atomic arrangement as well as its description using unit-cell dimensions, space group information, and average atomic coordinates.

For instance, the stereocenter is unaffected by the reaction of (+)-glyceraldehyde (1) with mercury oxide to produce (-)-glyceric acid (2). As a result, (+)-glyceraldehyde and (-)-glyceric acid must have the same absolute configuration.

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Matter that can be seen, handled, or measured is referred to as matter in bulk. Any given material is either a solid, a liquid, or a gas depending on its temperature and pressure.

Matter is everything that occupies space and appears to have mass; in plenty of other words, matter seems to be the "stuff" that now the cosmos is made of. The basic constituents of all stuff are called elements.

A substance that has a certain mass and volume over space and is commonly referred to as matter. Pens, notebooks, toothbrushes, water, milk, and automobiles are a few examples of matters.

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First, the reduction  of gaseous oxygen to aqueous hydrogen peroxide is:

O2 (g) → H2O2 (l)

when this reaction is in an acidic aqueous solution, we need to balance H on both sides so we will use H+ on the left side.

O2(g) + H+(aq) → H2O2(l)

now we have 1 of H atom on the left side and 2 on the right side so we will put 2H+ on the left side instead of H+:

O2(g) + 2H+(aq)  → H2O2(l)

now we need to balance the 2 positive charges of 2H+ so, we will put 2 e- on the left side:

O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2 e- → H2O2(l)

and this is the final balanced equation which has an equal no. of atoms on both sides:

2 of O atom, 2 of H atom on both sides.

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Cryolite, which also has a relatively low melting point, is used as an electrolyte because, among other things, it dissolves alumina well, conducts electricity, dissociates electrolytically at a higher voltage than alumina, and has a lower density than aluminum at the temperatures needed for the electrolysis.

At 950 °C (1,750 °F), a nearly pure aluminum oxide compound called alumina is dissolved in a molten electrolyte made of aluminum, sodium, and fluorine. This electrolyte is then electrolyzed to produce aluminum metal at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode.

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Ion - dipole attraction are weaker than ionic bond. A large number of ion - dipole attractions can act collectively to disrupt on ionic bond.

An ion-dipole interaction is the intermolecular force of attraction between a charge ion (cation or anion) and a molecule. It is found commonly in the solution where ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents.

onic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.

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About one-third of the toxic metal, mercury (hg), is released into the atmosphere from natural sources such as rocks, soil, volcanoes, and the ocean. the remaining two-thirds comes from human activities. option A is correct.

First, mercury is naturally emitted into the air from volcanoes, rock weathering, forest fires, and soil. Second, mercury is released into the air by burning fossil fuels and municipal or medical waste.

Mercury persists in the environment for long periods of time by cycling back and forth between air and soil, changing chemical forms in the process. The atmospheric lifetime of inorganic elemental mercury is estimated to be up to two years, while organic methylmercury can remain in soil for decades. Mercury is never removed from the environment; it just moves to other places and eventually gets buried under soil and sediments

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The number of atoms of k40 decaying per second will be 0.133  × 10⁸

First, we need to convert the 1.6× 10⁻⁶ g of sample into number of atoms of potassium and to convert the activity into numbers of atoms that decay per second.

( 1.6 ×10⁻⁶  g K-40)(1 mol K/ 39.9 g)(6.022 x 10²³ atoms K-40/mol) =

=0.241 × 10¹⁷

We can then use the first-order rate equation to find  rate constant, k

k = 4.1 x 10-9 s-1

t1/2= 0.693/k

t1/2= 0.693/ k

k= 0.693/t1/2

k= 0.693/1.28 × 10⁹

k= 0.5414 × 10⁻⁹ /sec

No of atoms decaying/sec = k [0.241× 10¹⁷  atoms]

= 0.5414 × 10⁻⁹ × 0.241× 10¹⁷

= 0.130 × 10⁸

So, the number of atoms decaying per second will be 0.133  × 10⁸ .

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The interaction between nonpolar molecules is dispersion forces while between polar molecules like H₂O is lon-dipole forces.

lon-dipole forces can be defined as the attraction between molecules due to the interaction between opposite lons of molecules.

The distribution of electrons is asymmeric in this case.

This Interaction is seen between polar molecules.

For example-Interaction between LiNO3 and H₂O

Therefore, the interaction between nonpolar molecules is dispersion forces while between polar molecules is lon-dipole forces.

If a polar molecule induces a dipole in a neutral molecule, than such interactions are called dipole-induced dipole interactions.

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Ammonia NH₃ contains only one unshared pair of valence electrons. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Valence electrons can be defined as the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom while the electrons occupying the inner shell are called core electrons. Valence electrons can be filled in different shells and these electrons interact with other atoms and cause the formation of chemical bonds.

In ammonia, the central atom is nitrogen and nitrogen has five valence electrons in its valence shell. The three electrons are used to form three single covalent bonds with three hydrogens. Therefore one unshared pair of valence electrons is present on the nitrogen atom in an ammonia molecule.

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Ubiquitin interacts with proteins with covalent interactions. Ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs) that create brief, non-covalent contacts with either ubiquitin or ubiquitin chains recognize and process ubiquitin signals in non-covalent ubiquitination.

What is Ubiquitin?

A 76-amino acid-tiny regulatory protein, ubiquitin was first identified in 1975. It is a component of every eukaryotic cell, controlling how vital proteins move throughout the body and taking part in both protein synthesis and protein degradation.

Your body's cells produce and degrade proteins at a rapid rate. Proteins are tagged for removal by ubiquitin, which binds to them. The name of this procedure is ubiquitination.

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The molarity of the solution is 0.36 mol/L. The molality of the solution is 0.34 m. The mass percent of the solution is   3.33%.

KNO3's molecular weight is 72.5 g/101 g/mol, or 0.72 moles, in terms of mass/molar mass.

Molarity is defined as the product of the number of moles and the volume, or 0.72 moles/2.00 L or 0.36 mol/L.

Number of moles of solute divided by kilograms of solution equals the molality.

mass of solution = 1.05 g/mL x 2000 mL = 21000 g or 2.1Kg

Molality of solution equals 0.72 moles/2.1 kg, or 0.34 m.

Mass percent of solution = mass of solute/mass of solution divided by 100.

The mass percent of the solution is equal to 72.5 g/ (72.5 g + 2100 g) 100/1 = 3.33%.

The volume of a material present in a given volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute in a liter of solution is referred to as molarity.

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Ignoring the effects of recoil, the minimum energy must the photon have for this reaction to occur is 10 MeV

The nuclear reaction is (28,14)Si+ γ---(24,12)Si+He(2,4)

The binding energy that holds the nuclide is

E=Δmc^2

where Δm is the mass defect

Δm=27.976927+0-[23.985042+4.002602]

Δm=-0.010717x1.66054x10^-27 kg

So the minimum energy of photon should be

ΔE=Δmc^2=0.017796x10^-27x(3x10^8)^2/1.6x10^-19 V

ΔE= 10 MeV

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Given half-life = 10,000 years

as parent and subsidiary are 1:3

It has passed 2 half-lives

At first half-life, parent-isotope reduced to 4.50% in T504 4

Ratio = 25/75 = 1/3

20,000 years

That was 20,000 years ago and is radioactive.

After another half-life, the number of remaining parent atoms approaches zero. Based on this principle, geologists can count the number of parent atoms relative to daughter atoms in a sample to determine the half-life that has elapsed since the mineral grain first formed.

Aeon is the largest interval of geological time lasting hundreds of millions of years. On the top timescale, we see that the Phanerozoic is the youngest ion beginning more than 500 million years ago. Ions are divided into smaller time intervals called epochs.

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Similar to the ball-and-stick model, this graphic or physical representation of a molecule shows the atoms as partial spheres with diameters proportional to the real atoms.

Because they display how much room an atom (or molecule) takes up, space-filling models are helpful. Comparing spatially models with conventional ball-and-stick models, such those in the following graphic, makes this point clear. The latter do not even remotely convey a feeling of molecular size.

The overlapping regions of the spheres in a room model represent the locations were chemical bonds are created in molecules whenever electrons are shared. In order to explain the relationships between the atoms within a molecule, scientists also employ ball-and-stick models.

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A substituent is an organic compound's component that gives specific chemical and physical capabilities.

Any chemical is any substance whose breakdown is known. A chemical constantly consist of a single "substance," or put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature. Chemical, dimethylformamide, methanol, hexane, quinoline, xylene, benzene, ethyl acetate, thf, and ethyl ether are examples of flammable liquids.

Chemicals are another name for matter, which is everything composed of atoms. Chemicals are really the structure you can create using atoms as the building pieces in a LEGO set. They could be solid, liquid, or gas in any form. Chemicals may be a combination or a pure substance.

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The final solution would include 0.64 mol/L of so32-, which is the concentration in the solution.

Concentration both a action or process as well as a state. more specifically: focusing on a particular object. My focus is being disrupted by all that noise. : a major or region of concentration within a major.

The quantity of a component, such as salt, that is present in a specific volume of tissue or fluid, such as blood, according to scientific definition (KON-sen-TRAY-shun). When there is less water available, the material becomes more concentrated.

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Carbonic acid, or H2CO3, is a chemical compound made up of the elements hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. When carbon dioxide (CO2), its anhydride, dissolves in water, a small amount of it is formed.

CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3

H2CO3 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + HCO3−

HCO3− + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + CO32−

CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 (slow)

H2CO3 + OH− ⇌ HCO3− + H2O (fast)

The subsequent reactions are crucial above pH 10:

CO2 + OH− ⇌ HCO3− (slow)

HCO3− + OH− ⇌ CO32− + H2O (fast)

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The coordination geometry of an octahedron is determined by the number of atoms or ions that are bonded to the central atom. In the case of chromium(III) chloride crystals, the chromium atom is surrounded by six chloride ions, which gives it an octahedral coordination geometry.

However, the ratio of chromium to chlorine in the formula of chromium(III) chloride, CrCl3, is not 1:6. The formula indicates that there is one chromium atom for every three chlorine atoms, which would not produce an octahedral coordination geometry if the atoms were bonded directly to each other.

One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that the chromium and chlorine atoms are not bonded directly to each other in the crystal structure.

Instead, the chromium atom may be surrounded by a group of six chloride ions that are bonded to each other, forming an octahedron. This would allow the coordination geometry of the chromium atom to be octahedral even though the ratio of chromium to chlorine atoms in the formula is not 1:6.

Alternatively, the chromium and chlorine atoms may be bonded to each other through intermediate atoms or ions, such as water molecules.

In this case, the coordination geometry of the chromium atom would still be octahedral because it would be bonded to six chlorine atoms, even though the overall ratio of chromium to chlorine atoms in the formula would not be 1:6.

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The balanced equation is :

HI(aq) + LiHSO₃(aq) → SO₂(g) + H₂O(l) + LiI(aq).

A chemical reaction is a method wherein one or more materials, also called reactants, are transformed into at least one or more special substances, called merchandise. Materials are both chemical elements or compounds.

A few synthesis reactions can result in more than one product. Photosynthesis is one of the maximum important chemical reactions on earth. It allows plants and a few microbes to transform water and carbon dioxide gas into storable sugar and oxygen.

Chemical compounds are made from atoms of different elements, joined collectively through chemical bonds. A chemical synthesis normally involves the breaking of existing bonds and the formation of recent ones.

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Your thermometer must be washed with soapy water, rinsed, and sanitized every four hours. A clean wiping cloth from your sanitizer bucket or a personal alcohol wipe should be used to clean food thermometers between applications.

To help prevent the cross-contamination of germs, home cooks should clean their food thermometers after each use. A thorough post-use clean will also get rid of any dirt and food residue on your thermometer, which could be preventing you from getting an accurate reading of the internal temperature of your food.

Hence, food thermometer should be cleaned after every individual testing's

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It is appropriate to select option d. Because electrons are shared, a molecular compound develops, resulting in a covalent bond. A chemical bond is a covalent bond, commonly referred to as a molecular bond.

that involves atoms trading off pairs of electrons. The stable equilibrium of the attractive and repulsive forces between atoms that occurs when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding. These electron pairs are also referred to as shared pairs or bonding pairs. The electron is a subatomic particle with the symbol e or with an electric charge of one elementaryly negative charge. Due to their lack of known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are typically considered to be elementary particles.

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Silver chloride will precipitate as a result of this reaction, along with a calcium nitrate solution.

Low levels of mag in the blood can be prevented and treated with the over-the-counter drug magnesium chloride. Magnesium is necessary for the healthy operation of the heart, muscles, bones, neurons, and cells. This drug is offered as an injectable solution, but Medicare does not cover it.

Men, women, kids, and pregnant women can all use magnesium chloride without any ill effects. Calcium, another necessary mineral, can be processed and absorbed by the body with the aid of magnesium chloride. Magnesium has also been demonstrated to support strong bones, a healthy heart, and appropriate blood pressure levels.

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If the pKa of HCHO₂ is 3.74 and the pH of an HCHO₂/NaCHO₂ solution is 3.11, then the statement which is correct is [HCHO₂] > [NaCHO₂].

Buffer solution is a solution which is a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base or vice a versa. It shows a very little change in pH when strong acid or base is added in it.

Since NaCHO₂ is a basic salt of formic acid and it acts as a buffer solution. The pH of buffer solution is calculated by the formula

pH=pKa+log([base]/[acid])

We know that HCHO₂ is an acid, where NaCHO₂ is a base. Plug all values in the formula

3.11=3.74+log([NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂])

3.11-3.74=log([NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂])

log([NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂])=-0.63

Take antilog on both side

[NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂]=10^(-0.63)

[NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂]=0.234423

Multiply both side by [HCHO₂]

([NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂])×[HCHO₂]=0.234423×[HCHO₂]

[NaCHO₂]=0.234423×[HCHO₂]

From the above calculation, it is observed that concentration of NaCHO₂ is less than the concentration of HCHO₂. Hence, [HCHO₂] > [NaCHO₂].

Therefore, if the pKa of HCHO₂ is 3.74 and the pH of an HCHO₂/NaCHO₂ solution is 3.11, then the statement which is correct is [HCHO₂] > [NaCHO₂]. Hence, 'option d' is correct.

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Food can be kept hot on pewter, yes. Lead-free and secure to use, modern pewter. It is primarily comprised of tin, with some antimony and copper. based on one manufacturer.

All types of food and drink can be used with the goods, which are guaranteed to be lead-free. The remaining material in most contemporary pewter is a combination of food-safe copper and antimony. If you avoid acidic foods like those made with tomatoes, vinegar, etc. Lead-free may occasionally be a little amount of silver that is also safe to eat. Lead concentration in meals can increase as a result of lead leaching from the pewter container, especially when eating more acidic foods.

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Answer:

234.61 mol

Explanation:

According to the Ideal Gas Law:

PV=nRT

P= 200 atm

V= 30.0 L

T= 300 K

R= 0.0821 [tex]\frac{(atm)(L)}{(mol)(K)}[/tex]

[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]

[tex]n=\frac{(200atm)(30.0L)}{0.0821\frac{(atm)(L)}{(mol)(K)}(300K)}\\n=234.61 mol[/tex]

Fluorine and Nitrogen are both non-metals which posses non polar covalent bonds.  So in this case, only KCl has polar covalent bond.

Before solving, let us understand the meaning of covalent and ionic bonds and how to identify them.

Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.

A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Therefore, the polar covalent bond is shown by KCl as it shows sharing of equal electrons amongst them.

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