4. The change in entropy when 100g of water at 100°C are mixed with:
a) 100g of water at 0°C is 200 cal/°C.b) 100g of ice at 0°C is 359.28 cal/°C.How to calculate entropy change?To calculate the change in entropy when mixing substances, use the equation:
ΔS = q/T
where ΔS = change in entropy, q = heat transferred, and T = temperature.
a) Mixing 100g of water at 100°C with 100g of water at 0°C:
The heat transferred:
q = mcΔT
where m = mass, c = specific heat, and ΔT = change in temperature.
q = (100g) × (1.00 cal/g°C) × (100°C - 0°C)
q = 10000 cal
Calculate the change in entropy:
ΔS = q/T
T = average temperature = (100°C + 0°C)/2 = 50°C
ΔS = 10000 cal / 50°C
ΔS = 200 cal/°C
b) Mixing 100g of water at 100°C with 100g of ice at 0°C:
The heat transferred:
q = mcΔT
where m = mass, c = specific heat, and ΔT = change in temperature.
For the water:
q_water = (100g) × (1.00 cal/g°C) × (100°C - 0°C)
q_water = 10000 cal
For the ice:
q_ice = nΔH_fusion
where n = number of moles and ΔH_fusion = heat of fusion.
n = m/M
where m = mass and M = molar mass of water.
n = (100g) / (18.015 g/mol) = 5.548 mol
q_ice = (5.548 mol) × (1436 cal/mol) = 7964 cal
q_total = q_water + q_ice = 10000 cal + 7964 cal = 17964 cal
Calculate the change in entropy:
ΔS = q/T
T = average temperature = (100°C + 0°C)/2 = 50°C
ΔS = 17964 cal / 50°C
ΔS = 359.28 cal/°C
Therefore, the change in entropy when 100g of water at 100°C are mixed with:
a) 100g of water at 0°C is 200 cal/°C.
b) 100g of ice at 0°C is 359.28 cal/°C.
Find out more on entropy here: https://brainly.com/question/6364271
#SPJ4
Complete question:
4. Calculate the change in entropy when 100g of water at 100°C are mixed under adiabatic conditions and at constant atmospheric pressure with a) 100g of water at 0°C, b) 100g of ice at 0°C. The mean specific heat of water may be taken as 1.00 cal/g and the heat of fusion as 1436 cal/mol.
Part A Given the following decomposition reaction, calculate the moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of H2O2. 2 H2O2(1) 42 H2O(l) + O2(g) Express your answer with the appropriate units. TH, = Value Units Submit Request Answer
The moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of H2O2 are 64.47 moles. Answer: 64.47
Part A Given the following decomposition reaction, calculate the moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of
H2O2.2 H2O2(1) → 42 H2O(l) + O2(g)
Molar ratio between H2O2 and
H2O is 2:42 or 1:21.
Therefore, moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of H2O2 is:
Moles of water produced = Moles of H2O2 × 21/1 = 3.07 × 21 = 64.47 (approx)
Therefore, the moles of water produced from 3.07 mol of H2O2 are 64.47 moles.
Answer: 64.47
To know more about moles visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15209553
#SPJ11
Expressing the answer with the appropriate units, we have:
3.07 moles of water.
Moles of water: Moles of a substance are a measure of the amount of that substance present. It is a unit used in chemistry to quantify the number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in a sample.
The balanced equation for the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide [tex]\rm(H_2O_2)[/tex] is: [tex]\rm\[2H_2O_2(\ell) \rightarrow 2H_2O(\ell) + O_2(g)\][/tex]
According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, for every 2 moles of [tex]H_2O_2}[/tex] consumed, 2 moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] are produced.
To calculate the moles of water [tex](H_2O)[/tex] produced from 3.07 moles of [tex]H_2O_2[/tex], we can set up a ratio: (3.07 moles [tex]\rm H_2O_2[/tex]) x (2 moles [tex]\rm H_2O_[/tex] / 2 moles [tex]\rm H_2O_2[/tex]) = 3.07 moles [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex]
Therefore, from 3.07 moles of [tex]\rm H_2O_2[/tex], 3.07 moles of [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex] are produced.
Thus, Expressing the answer with the appropriate units, we have:
3.07 moles of water.
Know more about Moles:
https://brainly.com/question/15209553
#SPJ4
how many grams of caco3 will dissolve in 2.00 × 102 ml of 0.0480 m ca(no3)2? the ksp for caco3 is 8.70 × 10−9.
The number of grams of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] that will dissolve in 2.00 * 102 ml of 0.0480 M [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex] can be calculated using the solubility product constant (Ksp) for [tex]CaCO_3[/tex]. Approximately 0.181 g of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] will dissolve.
To determine the grams of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] that will dissolve, we need to calculate the concentration of [tex]Ca^2^+[/tex] ions in the solution. Since [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex] dissociates into [tex]Ca^2^+[/tex], and [tex]2 NO3^-[/tex]ions, the concentration of [tex]Ca^2^+[/tex] ions is twice the molarity of [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2[/tex], which is 0.0480 M × 2 = 0.0960 M.
Using the Ksp expression for [tex]CaCO_3[/tex], which is [tex][Ca^2^+][CO3^2^-][/tex]= [tex]8.70 * 10^(^-^9^)[/tex], and assuming that the dissolution of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] is complete, we can substitute the concentration of [tex]Ca^2^+[/tex] as 0.0960 M. Let's represent the grams of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] as "x".
The expression for the solubility product constant then becomes (0.0960)(x) = [tex]8.70 * 10^(^-^9^)[/tex]. Solving for "x", we find that [tex]x = 9.06 * 10^(^-^8^)[/tex]mol/L.
To convert this to grams, we can use the molar mass of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex], which is approximately 100.09 g/mol. Multiplying the molar mass by the number of moles [tex](9.06 *10^(^-^8^) mol/L)[/tex]and the volume [tex](2.00 * 10^2 mL = 0.2 L)[/tex], we get 0.181 g of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex].
Learn more about molarity here:
https://brainly.com/question/2817451
#SPJ11
The density of air at STP is 1.285 g/L Which of the following cannot be used to fill a balloon that will float in air at STP?
a. NO
b. Ne
c. CH4
d. HF
e. HH3
NO cannot be used to fill a balloon that will float in the air at STP. So, the correct option is a.
The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. In the ideal gas law, R is a constant, and the value of R depends on the units used to measure the other parameters. At standard temperature and pressure (STP), the ideal gas law simplifies to PV = 1 atm and 273.15 K.
Therefore, the density of a gas at STP can be determined as follows:
Density = (molar mass) x (pressure)/(R x temperature)
We can't use NO (nitric oxide) to fill a balloon that will float in the air at STP among the given options. This is because NO has a higher density than air. Since the density of NO is greater than the density of air, it will sink rather than float. Therefore, it cannot be used to fill a balloon that will float in the air at STP.
So, the correct option is a. NO.
Learn more about STP at https://brainly.com/question/2783971
#SPJ11
what change will be caused by addition of a small amount of ba(oh)2 to a buffer solution containing nitrous acid, hno2, and potassium nitrite, kno2? group of answer choices
The addition of a small amount of Ba(OH)2 to a buffer solution containing nitrous acid (HNO2) and potassium nitrite (KNO2) will result in the formation of a precipitate.
The reaction can be represented as follows:
Ba(OH)2 + 2HNO2 → Ba(NO2)2 + 2H2O
The formation of the precipitate Ba(NO2)2 indicates a chemical change in the buffer solution. The addition of Ba(OH)2 introduces new ions into the solution, leading to the formation of an insoluble compound with the nitrite ions from the nitrous acid. This disrupts the equilibrium of the buffer system. The formation of the precipitate may affect the buffering capacity and pH of the solution. The concentration of the nitrous acid and nitrite ions will be altered, potentially shifting the pH towards more acidic or alkaline conditions depending on the specific reaction and concentrations involved. Overall, the addition of Ba(OH)2 to the buffer solution causes a disturbance in the equilibrium and can lead to changes in the composition and properties of the solution.
To know more about buffer solution, click here https://brainly.com/question/16023983
#SPJ11
For the following problems, you can assume: ATP → ADP + Pi and ∆G°= -30 kJ/mol
Problem #1:
For the reaction ATP goes to ADP + Pi the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio held at 10x, the Pi concentration is 10mM, and the reaction has a ∆G˚= -30 kJ/mol. Inside the cell is non-ideal and the activity coefficients for all the species are 2. What is the free energy change for ATP hydrolysis inside the cell?
ATP or Adenosine triphosphate is the energy molecule that is present in every living cell. It is important for energy transfer and storage processes. It is hydrolyzed by enzymes to form ADP and Pi and this reaction releases energy that is used by the cell.
The intracellular ATP/ADP ratio is 10x for the given problem. Therefore, [ATP]/[ADP] = 10 and [ATP] = 10[ADP].The concentration of Pi is given as 10mM.The reaction ATP → ADP + Pi has a ∆G˚= -30 kJ/mol.The activity coefficients for all species are 2.Using the relationship ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q where R = 8.314 J/mol K and T = 298 K. We can calculate the ΔG value for the reaction by first calculating the Q value as below.Q = {[ADP] [Pi]}/[ATP] = {[ADP] [Pi]}/{10[ADP]} = [Pi]/10The value of Q is 10mM/10 = 1mMΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q= -30000 J/mol + (8.314 J/mol K × 298 K) × ln (1mM × 2) = -30000 J/mol + 1248 J/mol = -28752 J/molThe ΔG value for ATP hydrolysis inside the cell is -28752 J/mol.
For more information on Adenosine triphosphate visit:
brainly.com/question/859444
#SPJ11
Write balanced formula unit and net ionic equations for each of the following chemical reactions in solution. If no reaction occurs write NR include the states (s l g or aq) of all reactants and products. A. Copper(II) chloride + lead(II) nitrate B. Zine bromide + silver nitrate C. Iron (III) nitrate + ammonia solution D. Barium chloride + sulfuric acid
No reaction occurs in the above chemical equation, it is written as NR.
Here are the balanced formula unit and net ionic equations for each of the given chemical reactions:A.
Copper (II) chloride + Lead (II) nitrate
CuCl2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbCl2(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
Formula unit equation:
CuCl2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbCl2(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
Net Ionic Equation: Cu2+(aq) + Pb2+(aq) → PbCl2(s) + Cu2+(aq)B. Zinc bromide + Silver nitrate
ZnBr2(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2AgBr(s) + Zn(NO3)2(aq)
Formula unit equation:
ZnBr2(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2AgBr(s) + Zn(NO3)2(aq)
Net Ionic Equation: Zn2+(aq) + 2Br-(aq) + 2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) → 2AgBr(s) + Zn2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq)C. Iron (III) nitrate + Ammonia solution
Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3NH3(aq) → Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NH4NO3(aq)
Formula unit equation: Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3NH3(aq) → Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NH4NO3(aq)
Net Ionic Equation:
Fe3+(aq) + 3NH3(aq) + 3H2O(l) → Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NH4+(aq)D.
Barium chloride + Sulfuric acid
BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → 2HCl(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Formula unit equation:
BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → 2HCl(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Net Ionic Equation:
Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) → BaSO4(s)
As no reaction occurs in the above chemical equation, it is written as NR.
To know more about chemical equation visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28792948
#SPJ11
what can be said about altitude, atmospheric pressure, and the partial pressure of oxygen?
Altitude, atmospheric pressure, and the partial pressure of oxygen are interrelated. A decrease in atmospheric pressure occurs with an increase in altitude.
This decrease in atmospheric pressure results in a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen. As a result, less oxygen is available to breathe at high altitudes, which makes it difficult for people to carry out their daily activities.Why is there less oxygen at high altitudes?
At high altitudes, atmospheric pressure decreases, causing the partial pressure of oxygen to decrease. When you breathe at a higher altitude, the decrease in oxygen causes less oxygen to be available for your lungs to take in. This results in a decrease in the amount of oxygen in your blood, which means that your muscles and organs receive less oxygen than they normally would, making it difficult to carry out their normal functions at a high altitude.Therefore, it can be concluded that as altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases, and the partial pressure of oxygen decreases. This has a significant impact on human activity at high altitudes.
To know more about oxygen visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13905823
#SPJ11
what is the hybridization of the central atom in sf5cl?
hybridization___.
The hybridization of the central atom in SF5Cl is sp3d2.
In the given molecule, the central atom is sulfur (S), which is surrounded by five fluorine atoms and one chlorine atom. In order to determine the hybridization of the central atom, we need to use the concept of hybrid orbitals.According to VSEPR theory, the SF5Cl molecule has an octahedral electron geometry. In this geometry, the central atom has six electron groups around it, including five bonding pairs and one lone pair of electrons. Therefore, the hybridization of the central atom should involve the combination of six atomic orbitals:
one 3s orbital, three 3p orbitals, and two 3d orbitals.
The combination of these orbitals results in six hybrid orbitals, known as sp3d2 orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are arranged in an octahedral geometry around the central sulfur atom, with five orbitals pointing towards the five fluorine atoms and one orbital pointing towards the chlorine atom.In summary, the hybridization of the central atom in SF5Cl is sp3d2, which involves the combination of six atomic orbitals. This hybridization allows the central sulfur atom to form six hybrid orbitals, which are arranged in an octahedral geometry.
To know more about hybridization visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29020053
#SPJ11
Which of the following statements is true for real gases? Choose all that apply. As molecules increase in size, deviations from ideal behavior become more apparent at relatively low pressures. Attractive forces between molecules cause an increase in pressure compared to the ideal gas: Attractive forces between molecules cause a decrease in pressure compared to the ideal gas. As molecules increase in size, deviations from ideal behavior become more apparent at relatively high pressures. 6 more group attempts remaining
The true statements for real gases are:a) Attractive forces between molecules cause an increase in pressure reaction compared to the ideal gas.b) As molecules increase in size, deviations from ideal behavior become more apparent at relatively low pressures.
Real gases are the gases which do not follow ideal gas laws at all times. The statement “As molecules increase in size, deviations from ideal behavior become more apparent at relatively low pressures” is true. It is because the molecules of larger size experience stronger intermolecular forces of attraction, thus the gas does not behave like an ideal gas.
It is because as the pressure increases, the molecules are squeezed closer together which causes the intermolecular forces to come into play. So, the statement “As molecules increase in size, deviations from ideal behavior become more apparent at relatively low pressures” is true.
To know more about reaction visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30464598
#SPJ11
an n-input nmos nor gate has ks = 4ma/v2, kl = 2 ma/v2, vt = 1.0v, vdd = 5.0v. find the approximate values for voh and vol for n = 1, 2 and 3 inputs. assume ql = sat and qs = ohmic, vi = voh
An n-input nmos nor gate has ks = 4mA/V2, kl = 2 mA/V2, vt = 1.0V, VDD = 5.0V. Find the approximate values for VOH and VOL for n = 1, 2 and 3 inputs. QL = sat and QS = ohmic, VI = VOH. For a NOR gate, when all inputs are high, the output is low.
When any input is low, the output is high. Here, it is given that QL is in saturation and QS is in the ohmic region. The relation between VDS and VGS for saturation and ohmic region is given as;$$V_{{DS}} \geq V_{{GS}} - V_{{th}}$$ $$V_{{DS}} \lt V_{{GS}} - V_{{th}}$$where, Vth is the threshold voltage. Also, in saturation region,$$I_{{D}} = \frac{1}{2} K_{{n}} \frac{W}{L} (V_{{GS}} - V_{{th}})^2 $$where, ID is the drain current, Kn is the process parameter (µnCox), W is the width, L is the length of the MOSFET. The value of VOH can be calculated for n = 1 input as follows:To obtain VOH, we need to make all inputs high. Therefore,$$I_{{D}} = \frac{1}{2} K_{{n}} \frac{W}{L} (V_{{DD}} - V_{{th}})^2 $$Substituting the given values, we get,$$I_{{D}} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 \cdot 10^{-3} \cdot \frac{1}{2} (5 - 1)^2 = 16 \mu A $$.
When QL is in saturation region,$$V_{{D}} = V_{{DD}} - I_{{D}}R_{{D}} = 5 - 16 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot 1.5 \cdot 10^{3} = 2.76V $$Since all the inputs are high and the output is low, VOH = 0.The value of VOL can be calculated as follows:Let us consider n = 2 inputs. In this case, for the MOSFETs in the saturation region,$$I_{{D}} = \frac{1}{2} K_{{n}} \frac{W}{L} (V_{{GS}} - V_{{th}})^2 $$Therefore,$$I_{{D}} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 \cdot 10^{-3} \cdot \frac{1}{2} (5 - 1)^2 = 16 \mu A $$and $$V_{{GS}} = V_{{I}} = V_{{OH}} $$Assuming the MOSFET in the ohmic region is in cutoff state,$$V_{{D}} = V_{{I}} = V_{{OH}} $$Therefore, the output voltage is the voltage drop across the resistor and the MOSFET in the saturation region.$$V_{{OL}} = V_{{D}} + I_{{D}}R_{{D}} = 5 - 16 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot 1.5 \cdot 10^{3} = 2.76V $$The value of VOH and VOL can be calculated for n = 3 inputs in a similar way.
To know more about nmos visit :
https://brainly.com/question/30961821
#SPJ11
draw the final products for the following two step reaction. the nucleophile selectively reacts once in each step.
The final products for the two-step reaction where the nucleophile selectively reacts once in each step reaction.
In a two-step reaction where the nucleophile selectively reacts once in each step, the reaction occurs in two steps.Step 1: In the first step, the nucleophile reacts with the given substrate to form an intermediate. Step 2: In the second step, the intermediate formed in the first step undergoes a reaction with the second reactant to form the final product.
The final products of the two-step reaction where the nucleophile selectively reacts once in each step are as follows: Step 1: The nucleophile attacks the substrate to form an intermediate Step 2: The intermediate formed in the first step reacts with the second reactant to form the final product.
To know more about reaction visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30464598
#SPJ11
A solution is prepared using 0.125 g of glucose, C6H12O6, in enough water to make 250. g of total solution. The concentration of this solution, expressed in parts per million, is
o 5.00 × 10^1 ppm
o 5.00 × 10^2 ppm
o 5.00 × 10^3 ppm
o 5.00 × 10^4 ppm
The solution is prepared using 0.125 g of glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, in enough water to make 250 g of total solution. So, the correct option is (b) 5.00 × 10² ppm.
The concentration of this solution, expressed in parts per million (ppm), is given by the equation: ppm = (mass of solute/mass of solution) × 10^6. We are given mass of solute, glucose, and mass of solution. We are supposed to find out the concentration of the solution in ppm. We can substitute the given values and get the answer: mass of solute = 0.125 g mass of solution = 250 g ppm = (mass of solute/mass of solution) × 10⁶ = (0.125/250) × 10⁶ = 500 (Answer in part per million). Therefore, the concentration of the solution, expressed in parts per million, is 5.00 × 10² ppm.
To know more about solution visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/29296260
#SPJ11
what is the maximum work that could be obtained from 5.13 g of zinc metal in the following reaction at 25°c? substance (kj/mol) 65.52 –147.0
At [tex]25^0C[/tex], the maximum work that can be obtained from 5.13 g of zinc metal in a given reaction is determined by calculating the change in Gibbs free energy (∆G).
To calculate the maximum work, we need to determine the change in Gibbs's free energy (∆G) for the reaction. The Gibbs free energy change is given by the equation ∆G = ∆H - T∆S, where ∆H is the change in enthalpy and ∆S is the change in entropy.
Given that the enthalpy change (∆H) for the reaction is 65.52 kJ/mol and the entropy change (∆S) is -147.0 J/mol·K, we can use these values to calculate ∆G.
First, we need to convert the mass of zinc metal (5.13 g) to moles. The molar mass of zinc (Zn) is approximately 65.38 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of zinc is 5.13 g / 65.38 g/mol = 0.0785 mol.
Next, we can calculate ∆G using the equation ∆G = ∆H - T∆S. Given that the temperature (T) is [tex]25^0C[/tex], which is 298.15 K, we can substitute the values into the equation to find ∆G.
∆G = 65.52 kJ/mol - 298.15 K * (-147.0 J/mol·K)
∆G = 65.52 kJ/mol + 43.83 kJ/mol
∆G = 109.35 kJ/mol
Therefore, the maximum work that could be obtained from 5.13 g of zinc metal in the given reaction at [tex]25^0C[/tex] is 109.35 kJ/mol.
Learn more about Gibbs free energy here:
https://brainly.com/question/13795204
#SPJ11
how many moles of air are tHow many moles of air are there in a 4.0 L bottle at 19 °C and 747 mmHg?
a) 0.5 moles
b) 1.0 moles
c) 2.0 moles
d) 4.0 moles
the number of moles of air in a 4.0 L bottle at 19 °C and 747 mmHg is approximately 0.16 moles.
The ideal gas law equation is expressed mathematically as PV=nRT.
The ideal gas law equation relates the volume, pressure, number of moles, and temperature of an ideal gas. Given the volume of the air (4.0 L), the pressure (747 mmHg), and the temperature (19 °C), the number of moles of air in the 4.0 L bottle can be calculated as follows:
1. Convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:
T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15 = 19 °C + 273.15 = 292.15 K2.
Convert the pressure from mmHg to atm:
747 mmHg × (1 atm / 760 mmHg) = 0.9816 atm3.
Calculate the number of moles of air using the ideal gas law equation:
n = PV/RT = (0.9816 atm × 4.0 L) / (0.08206 L·atm/K·mol × 292.15 K) ≈ 0.16 moles
Therefore, the number of moles of air in a 4.0 L bottle at 19 °C and 747 mmHg is approximately 0.16 moles.
Answer: The correct option is A) 0.5 moles.
learn more about moles here
https://brainly.com/question/15356425
#SPJ11
Determine the mass in grams of each of the following: (033pts) a 135 motre (0.33pts) b. 1.25 mol Ca (PO )2 (0.34pts) c 0.600 mol CHIO 9 Calculate the number of moles of each compound (023) 215 Caco (0.33 6. 180g 1034015). 16.39 (NO2
135 moles = 12195 grams
1.25 moles Ca(PO)₂ = 279.475 grams
0.600 moles CHIO₉ = 289.8 grams
What are the corresponding gram masses of each compound?The mass in grams of each compound can be determined using the molar mass and the given number of moles. In the case of compound a, with 135 moles, the molar mass needs to be multiplied by the number of moles to obtain the mass in grams. Similarly, for compound b and c, the molar masses are multiplied by the corresponding number of moles.
By using the molar masses of each compound, we can calculate their respective gram masses.
Learn more about: Grams
brainly.com/question/30426054
#SPJ11
Wittig Reaction
In this experiment, the reaction will be run using A. (hexanes/methanol/no solvent) as solvent. B. (Hexane/methanol/no solvent) is added to the residue to leach out your product. Your crude product is recrystallized from C. (hexanes/methanol/no solvent)
that the Wittig reaction will be run using methanol as a solvent. that the Wittig reaction is a type of organic reaction that involves the conversion of a ketone or aldehyde to an alkene using a triphenylphosphine ylide and an appropriate
carbonyl compound. The reaction is named after Georg Wittig, who first described this reaction in 1954. The Wittig reaction is a powerful tool for the synthesis of alkenes. The reaction can be carried out in a variety of solvents, including hexanes, methanol, or no solvent in this experiment, the reaction will be run using methanol as a solvent. After the reaction is complete, the solvent is removed to yield a residue. Hexane is added to the residue to leach out the product.
The crude product is then recrystallized from a solvent mixture of hexanes and methanol of the procedure is that the Wittig reaction will be run using methanol as a solvent. After the reaction is complete, the solvent is removed to yield a residue. Hexane is added to the residue to leach out the product. The crude product is then recrystallized from a solvent mixture of hexanes and methanol.
To know more about reaction Visit;
https://brainly.com/question/30630448
#SPJ11
Suppose the galvanic cell sketched below is powered by the following reaction: Ni(s)+PdSO4(aq)NiSO4(aq)+Pd(s) E2 E1 S2 S1 Write a balanced equation for the half-reaction that happens at the cathode of this cell Write a balanced equation for the half-reaction that happens at the anode of this cell. Of what substance is E1 made? Of what substance is E2 made? What are the chemical species in solution S1?
The substance E1 is made of Pd metal and the substance E2 is made of Ni metal.The chemical species in solution S1 is PdSO4(aq).Thus, the balanced half-reactions at the cathode and anode of the galvanic cell are
Ni2+(aq) + 2e− → Ni(s) (cathode) and Pd(s) → Pd2+(aq) + 2e− (anode).
Given below is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in the galvanic cell:
Ni(s) + PdSO4(aq) → NiSO4(aq) + Pd(s)
The cathode half-cell has the following reaction:
Ni2+(aq) + 2e− → Ni(s)
The anode half-cell has the following reaction:
Pd(s) → Pd2+(aq) + 2e−
Hence, the cathode half-cell and anode half-cell reactions are written as follows:Cathode Half-Cell:
Ni2+(aq) + 2e− → Ni(s)Anode Half-Cell: Pd(s) → Pd2+(aq) + 2e−
The substance E1 is made of Pd metal and the substance E2 is made of Ni metal.The chemical species in solution S1 is PdSO4(aq)
.Thus, the balanced half-reactions at the cathode and anode of the galvanic cell are
Ni2+(aq) + 2e− → Ni(s) (cathode) and Pd(s) → Pd2+(aq) + 2e− (anode).
To know more about cathode visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32063482
#SPJ11
Draw the product obtained when each of the following compounds is heated in the presence of a strong base to give an aldol condensation/Knoevenagel reaction: NaOH, H20 heat NaOH, H2 heat NaOH, H20 heat
This is a Knoevenagel reaction between formaldehyde and benzaldehyde to form cinnamaldehyde. Thus, these are the products obtained when the given compounds are heated in the presence of NaOH and heat.
In the presence of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), aldol condensation and Knoevenagel reaction are the two types of reactions that occur. In aldol condensation, an α-carbon of an aldehyde or ketone reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a β-hydroxy ketone or aldehyde, while in Knoevenagel reaction, a carbonyl compound and an aldehyde or ketone react to form a β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
The products obtained from heating the given compounds in the presence of NaOH and heat are as follows:NaOH, H2O, heat: This reaction is an aldol condensation reaction in which formaldehyde and acetaldehyde react to produce a β-hydroxy aldehyde.
To know more about benzaldehyde visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/29754365
#SPJ11
Which of the following syntheses are suitable to prepare the given target molecule (as the major product formed? Select all that apply. B con 80 theat OH trẻ 90, CH Talpine 2) OK OH T-BOK BBC e Textbook and Media
The suitable syntheses to prepare the given target molecule reaction (as the major product formed) are;B con 80 theat OH trẻ 90CH Talpine 2.
Target molecule is not provided. Decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a more complex substance is broken down into two or more simpler substances.
A synthesis reaction is a chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex product. This reaction may be classified into two categories, which are: direct combination reactions and decomposition reactions. Direct combination reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a more complex product.
To know more about reaction visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30464598
#SPJ11
Determine if HNO3 can dissolve each of the following metal samples. If so write the balance chemical reaction showing how the metal dissolves and determine the minimum volume of 6M HNO3 needed to completely dissolve the samples. 1. 5.90g Au
2. 2.55g Cu
3. 4.83g Ni
The reactivity of a metal is one of the factors that determines if HNO3 can dissolve each of the following metal samples or not. HNO3 is a strong oxidizing acid that oxidizes most metals, resulting in their dissolution.
The oxidizing effect of HNO3 is due to its nitrate ion, NO3-, which is reduced to nitrogen oxides during the reaction. The NO3- ion is an electron acceptor and oxidizes the metal to its ionic state. However, gold (Au) is an exception because it is non-reactive, and thus HNO3 cannot dissolve it. Chemical reaction for the dissolution of copper with HNO3:Cu + 4HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2OChemical reaction for the dissolution of nickel with HNO3:Ni + 4HNO3 → Ni(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2OThe balanced chemical equations for the dissolutions of Cu and Ni by HNO3 are as shown above.
The minimum volume of 6M HNO3 needed to completely dissolve the samples can be calculated using the following formula:
Volume = (mass / molar mass) x (1 / Molarity)Where: Molarity = 6M for HNO3Molar mass of Au = 196.97 g/mol Molar mass of Cu = 63.55 g/mol Molar mass of Ni = 58.69 g/mol1. For 5.90 g of Au Volume = (5.90 g / 196.97 g/mol) x (1 / 0) = Undefined Since gold is non-reactive, HNO3 cannot dissolve it.2. For 2.55 g of Cu Volume = (2.55 g / 63.55 g/mol) x (1 / 6 M) = 0.00634 L or 6.34 mL3. For 4.83 g of Ni Volume = (4.83 g / 58.69 g/mol) x (1 / 6 M) = 0.0147 L or 14.7 mL
Therefore, the minimum volume of 6M HNO3 needed to completely dissolve the samples are as follows:2.55 g of Cu needs 6.34 mL of 6M HNO34.83 g of Ni needs 14.7 mL of 6M HNO3.
To know more about oxidizing acid refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/28027687
#SPJ11
Which of the following aqueous solutions contains the lowest amount of ions or molecules dissolved in water? 500 ml of 2.25 M CH3OH 500 ml of 0.75 M Nal 1.5L of 0.5 M Na3PO4 20L of 225 M CUCI 1.75L of 1.25 M HBO,
To determine the solution with the lowest amount of ions or molecules dissolved in water, we need to calculate the total number of ions or molecules in each solution.
1. 500 ml of 2.25 M [tex]CH_3OH[/tex]:
Methanol [tex]CH_3OH[/tex] does not ionize or dissociate in water. Therefore, the total number of ions or molecules in this solution is equal to the number of moles of [tex]CH_3OH[/tex]. Since the molarity is given as 2.25 M, the number of moles can be calculated as follows:
Moles of [tex]CH_3OH[/tex]= molarity × volume
Moles of [tex]CH_3OH[/tex]= 2.25 M × 0.5 L (converting 500 ml to liters)
Moles of [tex]CH_3OH[/tex] = 1.125 mol
Thus, this solution contains 1.125 moles of [tex]CH_3OH[/tex]:.
2. 500 ml of 0.75 M NaI:
Sodium iodide (NaI) dissociates into Na+ and I- ions in water. The total number of ions in this solution can be calculated as follows:
Moles of NaI = molarity × volume
Moles of NaI = 0.75 M × 0.5 L
Moles of NaI = 0.375 mol
Since NaI dissociates into one Na+ ion and one I- ion, the total number of ions in this solution is twice the number of moles of NaI:
Total ions = 2 × Moles of NaI
Total ions = 2 × 0.375 mol
Total ions = 0.75 moles of ions
Thus, this solution contains 0.75 moles of ions.
3. 1.5 L of 0.5 M [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex]:
Sodium phosphate [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] dissociates into three Na+ ions and one [tex]PO_4^{3-}[/tex] ion in water. The total number of ions in this solution can be calculated as follows:
Moles of [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] = molarity × volume
Moles of [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] = 0.5 M × 1.5 L
Moles of [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] = 0.75 mol
Since [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] dissociates into three Na+ ions and one [tex](PO)_4^{3-}[/tex] ion, the total number of ions in this solution can be calculated as follows:
Total ions = 3 × Moles of [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] + 1 × Moles of [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex]
Total ions = 3 × 0.75 mol + 1 × 0.75 mol
Total ions = 3.75 moles of ions
Thus, this solution contains 3.75 moles of ions.
4. 20 L of 225 M CuCl:
Copper chloride (CuCl) dissociates into one Cu2+ ion and two Cl- ions in water. The total number of ions in this solution can be calculated as follows:
Moles of CuCl = molarity × volume
Moles of CuCl = 225 M × 20 L
Moles of CuCl = 4500 mol
Since CuCl dissociates into one Cu2+ ion and two Cl- ions, the total number of ions in this solution can be calculated as follows:
Total ions = 1 × Moles of CuCl + 2 × Moles of CuCl
Total ions = 1 × 4500 mol + 2 × 4500 mol
Total ions = 13500 moles of ions
Thus, this solution
contains 13,500 moles of ions.
5. 1.75 L of 1.25 M HBO:
Boric acid (HBO) does not fully dissociate in water. Therefore, we need to consider the undissociated molecules in this solution. The total number of molecules in this solution can be calculated as follows:
Moles of HBO = molarity × volume
Moles of HBO = 1.25 M × 1.75 L
Moles of HBO = 2.1875 mol
Thus, this solution contains 2.1875 moles of HBO molecules.
Comparing the total number of ions or molecules in each solution, we can conclude that the solution with the lowest amount of ions or molecules dissolved in water is 500 ml of 2.25 M CH3OH, which contains only 1.125 moles of CH3OH molecules.
To learn more about ions refer:
https://brainly.com/question/30753811
#SPJ11
(b) Ethyl alcohol is widely used in sanitizing agent. Pure Ethyl alcohol is highly flammable and has a 78.5°C boiling point; Flash Point: 16.6 deg C ( 61.88 deg F); Autoignition Temperature: 363 deg
Ethyl alcohol is widely used as a sanitizing agent due to its ability to kill bacteria and viruses effectively.
Ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol, is a commonly used compound in sanitizing agents due to its potent antimicrobial properties. It has the ability to effectively kill a wide range of bacteria and viruses, making it a valuable ingredient in various disinfectants, hand sanitizers, and surface cleaners.
One of the reasons why ethyl alcohol is widely used as a sanitizing agent is its ability to denature proteins. When applied to a surface or skin, ethyl alcohol disrupts the cell membranes of microorganisms, causing them to break apart and ultimately leading to their inactivation. This denaturing effect makes it an effective tool for sanitizing and disinfecting surfaces, tools, and even hands.
Moreover, ethyl alcohol evaporates quickly, which contributes to its effectiveness as a sanitizing agent. When applied to a surface, the alcohol evaporates rapidly, ensuring that the contact time between the alcohol and the microorganisms is sufficient to kill them. This quick evaporation also minimizes the residual moisture left on surfaces, reducing the risk of microbial growth.
However, it is important to note that pure ethyl alcohol is highly flammable, with a relatively low flash point and autoignition temperature. These properties make it crucial to handle and store ethyl alcohol-based sanitizers with care, keeping them away from open flames or heat sources that could potentially ignite the alcohol vapors.
In conclusion, ethyl alcohol is widely used in sanitizing agents due to its powerful antimicrobial properties, ability to denature proteins, and quick evaporation. However, it is crucial to be aware of its flammability and handle it with caution to ensure safety during its use.
Learn more about Ethyl alcohol
brainly.com/question/28000547
#SPJ11
1. (4pts.) (a) In the box provided, write a valid Lewis structure for the molecular formula shown. (b) In the box provided, write the best Lewis structure for the anion molecular formula shown.
(a) C₂H₂O
(b) [CH₂N]
2. (3 pts.) Assuming all second row atom have an octet, complete the following Lewis structure by providing lone pair electrons and formal charges where needed.
3. (2 pts.) In the box provided, draw a condensed formula for the bond-line (skeletal) drawing below.
OH
H-N
1a) The Lewis structure for C2H2O is as follows.
The molecular formula for acetic acid is C2H4O2. The C atom is the central atom, and it is connected to an O atom by a double bond. Two H atoms are connected to the C atom.
(b) The best Lewis structure for the anion molecular formula shown is:
In the structure, the formal charge of the C atom is 0, and the formal charge of the N atom is -1. There are also seven electrons in the structure.
2)The complete Lewis structure of the given compound is as shown below:
One can count the number of valence electrons in the molecule by adding the number of valence electrons in each atom. Two electrons from each bond are removed since the electrons are shared between the two atoms forming the bond. Subtracting these electrons gives the number of valence electrons for the molecule. The Lewis structure is drawn by representing the valence electrons of the atoms by dots and lines. All atoms are connected by single bonds, and all atoms have an octet except the nitrogen atom.
3)The condensed formula for the given bond-line (skeletal) drawing is NH2OH.
This compound is called hydroxylamine. There is a nitrogen atom at the center, which is attached to two H atoms and an OH group. The condensed formula for the compound is NH2OH.
learn more about formula here
https://brainly.com/question/29797709
#SPJ11
Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing metallic character: Rb, N, Si, P. Zn, and Al. Rank elements from most to least metallic character. Al Rb Si Zn N P Most metallic character Least metallic character The correct ranking cannot be determined.
The correct ranking of decreasing metallic character is Rb > Al > Si > Zn > N > P.
To determine the order of decreasing metallic character among the given elements, we need to consider their position in the periodic table.
Metals generally exhibit characteristics such as high electrical conductivity, luster, malleability, and ductility. Nonmetals, on the other hand, tend to have opposite properties.
Among the given elements, Rb (rubidium) is the most metallic since it is an alkali metal located in Group 1 of the periodic table. Al (aluminum) is also a metal, but it is less metallic than Rb.
Si (silicon), Zn (zinc), and N (nitrogen) are nonmetals, with Si being the least nonmetallic among them.
P (phosphorus) is also a nonmetal, and it is generally less metallic than N.
Based on this analysis, the correct ranking of decreasing metallic character is Rb > Al > Si > Zn > N > P.
To know more about periodic table, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/11155928#
#SPJ11
as a result of consuming excess selenium, carlos is likely experiencing
As a result of consuming excess selenium, Carlos is likely experiencing A. All of the choices are correct. Excessive selenium intake can lead to symptoms such as brittle fingernails, garlicky body odor, and fatigue, indicating selenium toxicity.
Consuming excess selenium can lead to various symptoms and health issues. Selenium is an essential mineral required in small amounts for normal body function, but excessive intake can cause toxicity. Some of the common symptoms associated with selenium toxicity include brittle fingernails, garlicky body odor, and fatigue.
Brittle fingernails can occur as a result of selenium toxicity, causing the nails to become weak, easily breakable, and prone to splitting. Garlicky body odor is another possible symptom, where an excess of selenium in the body can lead to a distinctive odor resembling garlic in the breath and sweat. Fatigue is also a common symptom, as selenium toxicity can affect energy metabolism and lead to a feeling of tiredness and low energy levels.
Therefore, all of the choices mentioned in options B, C, and D are correct indicators that Carlos may be experiencing as a result of consuming excess selenium.
To know more about the selenium toxicity refer here :
https://brainly.com/question/27276217#
#SPJ11
Complete question :
3. As a result of consuming excess selenium, Carlos is likely experiencing _________.
A. All of the choices are correct.
B. brittle fingernails
C. garlicky body odor
D. fatigue
Which of the following compounds will not have a different solubility with a change in pH?
a. AgF
b Ca3(PO4)2
c. SrCO3
d. CuBr
e. CuS
The compound that will not have a different solubility with a change in pH is:
AgF
The dissociation constant (Ksp) of the following chemical compounds are;
AgF = 1.6 x 10-10
Ca3(PO4)2 = 1.3 x 10-29
SrCO3 = 3.2 x 10-9
CuBr = 5.0 x 10-9
CuS = 6.0 x 10-37
AgF is one of the strong electrolyte salts that has a very low Ksp. The acidic or basic conditions will not have much effect on the solubility of a highly insoluble salt such as AgF. AgF, as a result, will not have a different solubility with a change in pH.Therefore, the correct option is a. AgF.Learn more about the solubility:
brainly.com/question/23946616
#SPJ11
which of the following dietary components cannot be used to synthesize and store glycogen?
The dietary components cannot be used to element synthesize and store glycogen is Lipids. Glycogen synthesis is mainly driven by insulin, which is a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas.
Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that is used to store glucose in animals. Glycogen synthesis is mainly driven by insulin, which is a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas. When insulin levels are high, glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscle cells.Lipids cannot be used to synthesize and store glycogen. Lipids are a type of macronutrient that is used to store energy in the form of fat.
Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that is used to store glucose in animals. Glycogen synthesis is mainly driven by insulin, which is a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas. When insulin levels are high, glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscle cells.Lipids cannot be used to synthesize and store glycogen. Lipids are synthesized from glycerol and fatty acids, which are derived from carbohydrates and proteins.
To know more about element visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30858299
#SPJ11
if the chemist has 35 g na, what mass of chlorine must they use to react completely with the sodium? type in your answer using the correct number of significant figures.
The mass of chlorine that chemist must use to react completely with the sodium was calculated to be 54.0 g.
The balanced chemical reaction of Na and Cl is written as:
2Na + Cl₂ --> 2NaCl
The molar ratio for the Na and Cl₂ is 2:1.
The mass of sodium that chemist has is = 35 grams
The moles of sodium in 35 grams of sodium can be calculated as:
35 grams/ 23 gram/ mole = 1.52 moles
According to the molar ratio of Na and Cl₂ it can be inferred that the moles of chlorine required in the reaction is half the moles of sodium required.
If 2 moles of sodium are required for one mole of Chlorine then 1.5 moles of sodium will react with
1/2 x 1.52 mol = 0.760 mol of Cl₂
mass of chlorine = 71.0 g/mol
mass of chlorine in 0.76 moles = 0.760 mol x 71.0 g/mol = 54.0 g
So the mass of chlorine required is = 54.0 g.
To learn more about chlorine, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/19460448
#SPJ4
How many formula units of calcium bromide are present in a sample which contains 6.50 g of bromide ion?
The molecular formula of calcium bromide is CaBr2.
What are formula units?Formula units are the empirical formula or simplest formula of an ionic or covalent network solid compound. They are used to specify the proportions of the atoms or ions present in the compound. It is simply the smallest whole number ratio of atoms or ions in the compound.
First, we will have to find the molar mass of bromide ion.
The molar mass of bromide ion (Br-) is:79.904 g/mol
Molar mass of CaBr2 = (40.078 + 2 × 79.904) g/mol
= 40.078 + 159.808= 199.886 g/mol
Now, calculate the number of moles of Br- in the given sample:
6.50 g Br- × 1 mol Br-/79.904 g
Br-= 0.0813 mol Br-1 mole of CaBr2 contains 2 moles of Br-.
Therefore, the number of moles of CaBr2= 1/2 × 0.0813 mol Br-= 0.04065 mol CaBr2Now, calculate the number of formula units of CaBr2:
Number of formula units of CaBr2 = (0.04065 mol CaBr2) × (6.022 × 10²³ formula units/mol)= 2.449 × 10²¹ formula units
So, 2.449 x 10²¹ formula units of calcium bromide are present in a sample which contains 6.50 g of bromide ion.
learn more about formula here
https://brainly.com/question/29797709
#SPJ11
find the ph of a buffer solution of 60 ml of 0.25 m hcooh and 10.0 ml of 0.500m naxooh
the pH of the given buffer solution is 3.08.
The given buffer solution is made up of 60 mL of 0.25 M HCOOH and 10.0 mL of 0.500 M NaXOOH and we are to determine its pH.
The first step in solving this problem is to determine the moles of each species in the buffer. This can be accomplished by using the following equation:
n(HCOOH) = 0.25 moles/L x 0.060 L = 0.015 moles of HCOOHn
(NaXOOH) = 0.500 moles/L x 0.010 L = 0.005 moles of NaXOOH
Next, we need to calculate the concentration of the buffer:
Concentration of buffer = moles of HCOOH / total volume of buffer= 0.015 moles / (0.060 + 0.010) L = 0.1875 M
Now that we have the concentration of the buffer, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to determine the pH:
pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA])
where pKa = 3.75 for HCOOHpH = 3.75 + log [(0.005 moles / 0.070 L) / (0.015 moles / 0.070 L)]= 3.75 + log [0.07143 / 0.21428]= 3.75 + (-0.6706)= 3.08
Therefore, the pH of the given buffer solution is 3.08.
learn more about pH here
https://brainly.com/question/172153
#SPJ11
