Explain the historical and contemporary significance of
science in shaping understandings about race. What were the
consequence(s) of science relative to the construction of racial
categories and the human condition (i.e., life outcomes and
access to opportunities) of African Americans and other
people of color within the United States? (provide appropriate
cites where necessary).

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

huh

Explanation:

Donald Trump’s election as the 45th President of the United States has been marked by the brewing storms of racial conflicts. A rise in racial incidents ensued in the immediate aftermath of Trump’s victory in November 2016. Since the beginning of 2017, over 100 bomb threats have been made against Jewish community centers and schools. Trump’s travel ban, signed in late January 2017, initially affected about 90,000 people from seven Middle Eastern countries; 87,000 of those banned were Muslims. Minorities such as American Muslims and black Americans have expressed fears over racial relations under Trump. Undeniably, the topic of race—and racism—has gripped America and the world throughout.

Over the last decade, there have been hopes that the US has become a post-racial society, free of racial prejudice and discrimination. However, the most recent months indicate the contrary: race remains an incendiary issue. Race and racism are not new issues, but in today’s 21st century Trump-era, discussions about race are distinct from those of the past in that they possess an entirely new dimension: that of genetics and DNA.

Race in the new era of human genetics research

In 2003, scientists completed the Human Genome Project, making it finally possible to examine human ancestry with genetics. Scientists have since tackled topics such as human migrations out of Africa and around the world. And it’s not just scientists who are excited about human genetics: widely affordable at-home ancestry test kits are now readily available from companies like 23andMe, Family Tree DNA, and Ancestry. For $99—around the price of a romantic dinner or a pair of Nikes—a customer can receive an analysis from 23andMe indicating that they are, for instance, 18.0% Native American, 65.1% European and 6.2% African.

The soaring popularity of ancestry testing bespeaks a widespread perception that we can use these tests to dissect, delineate, and define our ancestral composition. Indeed, social media is teeming with blog posts, and even livestream videos, from excited customers bursting to broadcast their test results and their reactions. Ancestry test kits are the new “it” item—and with their success is the tacit admission of our belief that our DNA can sort us into categories like the “five races:” African, European, Asian, Oceania, and Native American (Figure 1A).

Figure 1. ‘Race’ cannot be biologically defined due to genetic variation among human individuals and populations. (A) The old concept of the “five races:” African, Asian, European, Native American, and Oceanian. According to this view, variation between the races is large, and thus, the each race is a separate category. Additionally, individual races are thought to have a relatively uniform genetic identity. (B) Actual genetic variation in humans. Human populations do roughly cluster into geographical regions. However, variation between different regions is small, thus blurring the lines between populations. Furthermore, variation within a single region is large, and there is no uniform identity.  

Figure 1: ‘Race’ cannot be biologically defined due to genetic variation among human individuals and populations. (A) The old concept of the “five races:” African, Asian, European, Native American, and Oceanian. According to this view, variation between the races is large, and thus, the each race is a separate category. Additionally, individual races are thought to have a relatively uniform genetic identity. (B) Actual genetic variation in humans. Human populations do roughly cluster into geographical regions. However, variation between different regions is small, thus blurring the lines between populations. Furthermore, variation within a single region is large, and there is no uniform identity.

New findings in genetics tear down old ideas about race

Estimating our ancestral composition down to 0.1% seem to suggest that there are exact, categorical divisions between human populations. But reality is far less simple. Compared to the general public’s enthusiasm for ancestry testing, the reaction from scientists has been considerably more lukewarm. Research indicates that the concept of “five races” does, to an extent, describe the way human populations are distributed among the continents—but the lines between races are much more blurred than ancestry testing companies would have us believe (Figure 1B).

A landmark 2002 study by Stanford scientists examined the question of human diversity by looking at the distribution across seven major geographical regions of 4,000 alleles. Alleles are the different “flavors” of a gene. For instance, all humans have the same genes that code for hair: the different alleles are why hair comes in all types of colors and textures.

Answer 2
They all want it to there self

Related Questions

Куликовская битва произошла в:​

Answers

Дата 8 сентября 1380 г. Расположение Куликово Поле у ​​реки Дон Результат Решительная победа Московии; За фракцией «Москва» закреплен титул великого князя. Первое историческое упоминание о Московии как о независимой стране. Закат Золотой Орды.

The mycenaeans controlled the country of

Answers

Answer:

Greece

The Mycenaeans controlled the country of Greece, as well as Turkey and the surrounding islands in the Aegean Sea.

Answer:

Greece

Explanation:

They controlled Greece, Turkey and islands in the Aegean Sea

Why did Nixon resign his presidency?

A. His popularity with Americans was declining.
B. He knew he would face impeachment and conviction.
C. He lost the confidence of his party.
D. He wanted to devote himself more to peacekeeping.

Answers

Answer:

B: He knew he would face impeachment and conviction.

Explanation:

Well, The House Judiciary Committee approved articles of impeachment against Nixon for abuse of power, contempt  of Congress, and ooj

Option B (as a result of his involvement in the Watergate scandal)

Pls help
Give brainless
Explain the human right problem that was breached by martin Luther king and who did it impact on.

Answers

Fifty years after the murder of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968, racism remains integral to the criminal justice system in the United States despite decades of civil rights activism. Police shootings of unarmed black men still make news – most recently the killing of Stephon Clark, shot by Sacramento police while holding a cellphone – and only rarely are the officers who pull the trigger punished.

The goal of the Tariff of Abominations, passed in 1828, was to protect the industries in the North by increasing tax on the goods imported from foreign nations. Which statement best shows the effect of this tariff on American history?
A. The Tariff of Abominations widened income inequality because it favored the rich upper class while burdening the lower class.
B. The Tariff of Abominations upset American Indians because it did nothing productive for their development.
C. The Tariff of Abominations caused conflicts between the North and the South regarding their sectional interests.
D. The Tariff of Abominations upset common working class Americans because it provided special privileges to the upper class.

Answers

Answer:

C. The Tariff of Abominations caused conflicts between the North and the South regarding their sectional interests.

what did the compromise of 1877 mean for african americans?

Answers

After the Civil War, there was a period called Reconstruction. The main goal of Reconstruction was to try to get the Confederacy back into the United States. Along with this, it meant the South had to give the same rights to former slaves that the North did, which meant Union troops were stationed in the South to make sure they were following these rules.

After Reconstruction ended though, many of the troops were sent back and could no longer watch over the South. This was because of the Compromise of 1877, which was the proper end to Reconstruction. Since there was nobody now to make sure African Americans were being treated like they were supposed to, they were often being treated terribly.

The Compromise of 1877 meant that African Americans could now be treated badly by Southerners, who already resented them and resented the Union for forcing them to give them rights. This caused the Jim Crow era, along with violence against African Americans.

Who was present at the signing of the Declaration of Independence?

Answers

Answer:

Those present during the signing of the Declaration of Independence were the 56 delegates who represented the thirteen colonies during the Second Continental Congress.

Explanation:

The Declaration of Independence was the document that served as an announcement to publicize that the thirteen North American colonies had decided to go to war against England with the objective of separating from the English domain and becoming an independent territory. This document showed the reasons that led the Americans to take this decision and had the signature of 56 delegates who were the representatives of these colonies. Subscribers include names such as John Hancock, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin.

what was one majort effect of the spread of railroads throughout great Britain during the industrial revolution

Answers

Answer:

it was a breakthrough in travel

Why was roe v. wade a controversial case?

Answers

Roe v. Wade was a controversial case because  it argued that privacy extends to a woman’s reproductive system. Jane Roe was a Texas citizen who had filed a lawsuit against her state which banned abortion. She did it with the help of her lawyer Sarah Weddington. They lost their lawsuit in the Texas courts, but the US Supreme Court made an opposite decision after debating the case.

The judges in this court accepted part of Sarah Weddington's argument that Texas anti-abortion laws were against the US Constitution, specifically against the XIVth Amendment, which protects the privacy of citizens. In this amendment, it said:

No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. »

In the case of Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decided that a state could not deprive a woman of her freedom to make abortion if it does not have consequences for the health of the mother or the baby. The right to privacy ends as soon as it has an impact on other people's lives, their safety, or their freedom.

I hope this helps!

It struck down many U.S. federal and state abortion laws, and prompted an ongoing national debate in the United States about whether and to what extent abortion should be legal, who should decide the legality of abortion, what methods the Supreme Court should use in constitutional adjudication

Nationalism led to major conflicts following World War I, especially when:

Answers

Answer:

Nationalism led to major conflicts following World War I, especially when: in 1915

how much water is in world​

Answers

Answer:

100 %

Explanation:

dahil pag nauhaw ka inumin mo tubig ng earth

Ancient Greeks used myths about their gods primarily to
A. explain events in the natural world.
B. strike fear in their enemies.
C. undermine the Persian religion.
D. justify their type of government.

Answers

Answer:

explain events in the natural world

Explanation:

I did this on edgunuity

1. Sa lugar na ito naganap ang matinding labanan sa kanluran at nagkamit ng unang pagkatalo ang Germany sa digmaan.

a. Dunkirk

b. Baltic Port

c. Marne

d. Balkan

2. Anong bansa ang nakatanggap ng pinakamaraming kabayaran dahil sa sinabing siya ang nagpasimula ng digmaan?

a. United States

b. Russia

c. Germany

d. France

3. Alin sa mga sumusunod ang HINDI kabilang sa Axis Powers?

a. Russia

b. Germany

c. Japan

d. Italy

4. Sino ang pinuno ng Nazi na namuno sa Germany noong Ikalawang Digmaan Pandaigdig?

a. Harry Truman

b. Benito Mussolini

c. Adolf Hitler

d. Winston Churchill

5. Isang lugar sa Czechoslovakia na hinikayat ni Hitler na magkaroon ng awtonomiya dahil tirahan ng maraming Aleman.

a. Sudeten

b. Austria

c. Ethiopia

d. Manchuria

6. Ang ginamit na paraan para mapasuko ang Japan, ng puwersang Alyado sa Hiroshima.

a. Raiders

b. Bomba Atomika

c. Submarine

d. Poison Gas

7. Ang isang tagumpay ng mga Alyado sa Pasipiko ay naganap sa _____ Oktubre 23- 26 ,1943.

a. Battle of the Bulge

b. Battle of the Coral Sea

c. Battle of the Normandy

d. Second Battle of the Philippine Sea



8. Isang bagong daigdig ang sumibol paglipas ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Alin ng hindi kabilang sa mga pangyayari pagkatapos ng digmaan?



a. Naitatag ang United Nations

b. Nagkaroon ng World War III

c. Nagkaroon ng labanan ng ideolohiya

d. Nawala ang Nazismo at Pasismo



9. Isang Heneral nag wika na “I have Returned “



a. Adm. Doenitz



b. Hen. Douglas MacArthur



c. Hen Dwight Eisenhower



d. Hen. Montgomery



10. Ang paghulog ng bomba atomika sa Nagasaki ay naganap noon?



a. Agosto 9, 1945



b. Agosto 15, 1945



c. Setyembre 2, 1945



d. Disyembre 7, 1941



11. Saan lugar dumaong si Hen. Douglas MacArtur noong Oktubre 1944 ?



a. Leyte



b. Manila



c. Palawan



d. Quezon

12. Ang unang bomba atomika ay ibinagsak ng United States sa Lungsod ng________.

a. Tokyo

b. Hiroshima

c. Hokkaido

d. Nagasaki

13. Ang hindi inaasang pagsalakay sa lugar na ito ay tinawag na “Araw ng Kataksilan

a. Pearl Harbor

b. Nagasaki

c. Hiroshima

d. Oklahoma

14. Ang labanan sa Dunkirk ay nagpamalas ng kabayanihan ng mga Ingles ay naganap sa ____.

a. Himpapawid

b. Lupa

c. Disyerto

d. Dagat

15. Ang pangalan ng barko kung san lumagda ang Japan sa isang walang pasubaling pagsuko.

a. Royal Bay

b. Lusitania

c. USS Missouri

d. Atlantic

30. Ano ang tawag sa taktikang pandigma na ginamit ng Nazi?

a. Luftwaffe

b. Biological Warfare

c. Trench Warfare

d. Blitzkrieg​

Answers

Answer:

b c a c d c a a b d c c d dd d a. c c

What happened a month after George Washington was appointed commander of the American army

Answers

Answer:

June 15, 1775 - George Washington was unanimously selected as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. June 16, 1775 - In a speech given to the Continental Congress, Washington accepted the commission and requested that he not receive a salary for his service, only that his expenses be paid at the conclusion of the war.

Explanation:

According to the map, the borders of the mongol empire

Answers

Answer:

According to the map, the borders of the Mongol Empire increased following the death of Genghis Khan. During his lifetime, Genghis Khan was able to capture parts of northern China and large areas in Central Asia. The greatest extent of the Mongol Empire occurred in 1279

According to the map, the borders of the Mongol Empire increased following the death of Genghis Khan. During his lifetime, Genghis Khan was able to capture parts of northern China and large areas in Central Asia. The greatest extent of the Mongol Empire occurred in 1279.

Read the excerpt below and answer the question.
There would be recesses in my mind which would be only mine, to which he never came, and sentiments
growing there fresh and sheltered which his austerity could never blight, nor his measured warrior-march
trample down: but as his wife--at his side always, and always restrained, and always checked-forced to
keep the fire of my nature continually low, to compel it to burn inwardly and never utter a cry, though the
imprisoned flame consumed vital after vital—this would be unendurable. (chapter 34)
Which of the following best describes Jane's expectations about marriage to St. John? Select all that apply.
allow her to freely express her passions
her autonomy would be sacrified
allow her the privacy to independently develop her mind
initially difficult but with time they would grow closer

Answers

Answer:

allow her to freely express her passions  allow her the privacy to independently develop her mindinitially difficult but with time they would grow closer

Explanation:

This is based on the book, "Jane Eyre" by  Charlotte Brontë.

Jane would be allowed to privacy to independently develop her mind because there would be parts of her mind that St. John would not be able to penetrate or trample down. She would also be free to express her principles and passions in India should she travel with him there.

She believes however, that their relationship would be difficult at first as she would be forced to follow his passions and not hers but as time would go on, they would eventually grow closer whilst working in India.

Please help! 10 Pts and will give Brainiest!

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The spatial arrangement of lone pairs and bonded pairs around the central
atom is called

Answers

Answer: The spatial arrangement of lone pairs and bonded pairs around the central. atom is called. A. electron-group geometry.

Answer: The Answer is "electron-group geometry"

Explanation:

I've just answered the question

Which event of World War II was most affected by the contributions of Douglas MacArthur?

A. The Battle of Britain

B. The opening of a second front in Europe

C. The invasion of Normandy

D. The defeat of the Japanese in the Philippines​

Answers

Answer:

D. The defeat of the Japanese in the Philippines.

Explanation:

General Douglas McArthur (1.880 - 1.964) was an US commander who participated in the Pacific Theater during World War II and led the campaign for the liberation of the Philippines (October 20, 1.944 - September 2, 1.945), occupied by the Japanese in early 1.942. Hence, correct answer is D.

Japanese immigrants coming to America

A intended to work only fora short time and then return to Japan.

B were reluctant to come to America.

C were fleeing from severe economic hardships Japan.

D were very affluent to begin with.​

Answers

Answer:

C were fleeing from severe economic hardships Japan.

Correct me if im wrong thanks

Question 12 of 20 : penn foster please
Select the best answer for the question
12. Which of the following grew during the New Imperialism?
O A. Women's rights
OB. Forced labor
O C. Local rule for indigenous people
O D. Wealth among European working classes
Mark for review (Will be highlighted on the review page)

Answers

Answer:

Wealth among European working classes

Explanation:

Wealth among European working classes "grew during the New Imperialism."

This is because the New Imperialism is characterized by the many European nations colonizing the smaller territories such that they brought some of their working-class personnel to the colonized nations to work and earn more money, thereby getting more wealth.

They also took some of the colonized natural resources to their nation at cheaper rates, thereby enriching their nations and its economy.

What is still allowed under the Patriot Act? Do you agree with these provisions? Explain.

Answers

Answer:

Under the Patriot Act, the government can now ask a federal court (the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court), if needed to aid an investigation, to order production of the same type of records available through grand jury subpoenas.

Explanati

The Soviet Union created the Molotov Plan after World War II in order to:

Answers

Answer:

to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned with the Soviet Union.

Explanation:

What was the main purposes of African art in the early modern period?

Answers

Answer:

Animist rituals.

Explanation:

Animism is a religious belief and put simply means  to win the liking of spirits in plants or animals to help the people be provided with food etc. They would wear some masks as part of this culture carved in the shape of different things.

I hope this helps!

What was "containment"?

Answers

Containment is a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States. ... The strategy of "containment" is best known as a Cold War foreign policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.

Answer:

a) a policy for keeping the Soviet Union within it's expanded postwar borders

cual fue la causa de la guerra de Troya y cuanto tiempo duro?

Answers

Explanation:

However according Homer, the Trojan War is being fought by Paris, the child of the Trojan king, and Helen, the spouse of the Greek king Menelaus, while they travelled to Troy alongside. To reclaim her, Menelaus enlisted the assistance of his cousin Agamemnon, who gathered a Greek army to destroy Troy.

Que fue el lan de la noria y contra quien se proclamó?

Answers

Answer:

El Plan de la Noria fe un movimiento organizado por el general Porfirio Díaz, quien se manifestó opuesto a la reelección de Benito Juárez.

Explanation:

What changes were made to automobiles after World War II

Answers

After 1945, the government green-lighted commercial production, and carmakers debuted their 1946 models to a public that was eager to get back on the road. Borrowing some of the design trends of warplanes, the post-war cars introduced massive tail fins and large expanses of chrome.

When stagflation occurs, what is the overall impact at the grocery store?
A. More products are available for purchase.
B. Fewer products are available for purchase.
C. Prices in the store drop dramatically.
D. Prices in the store rise dramatically.​

Answers

Answer: D. Prices in the store rise dramatically.​

Explanation:

Stagflation refers to a scenario where an economy is going through a recession but is still somehow suffering a higher rate of inflation. This means that the effects of a recession is being felt such as unemployment, slow economic growth and poor demand yet somehow, prices are high at a time that they should not be.

For shops such as this grocery store, the prices of goods will increase on account of the high rate of inflation that the economy would be experiencing.

Answer: Prices in the store rise dramatically

Explanation: (Acellus)

Astronauts and scientists conduct research studies aboard the International Space Station, a satellite that was built by

Answers

Answer:

NASA

Explanation:

it was mainly NASA but others have added to it, hence international.

Answer:

Built by sixteen nations

Explanation:

Sixteen nations formed a global partnership to build the ISS. The United States and Russia have taken the lead, but the completion of the ISS will draw upon the scientific and technological resources of all sixteen countries. The other fourteen countries are: Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. This cooperative agreement represents one of the largest non-military joint efforts in history.

Edge 2023

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Please help me with this, no clue. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, first published in 1884. Multiple editions available, including e-texts. The raucous sequel to Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn is the story of a boy's adventures with Jim, a runaway slave, while rafting down the Mississippi River. Considered Mark Twain's masterpiece, the story contrasts the trusting friendship between Huck and Jim to the cruelty of the men and women they meet along the way. The book celebrates freedom in showing Huck's inner conflict as he places himself at personal risk in helping Jim escape Paragraph 1: This paragraph gives information about the book you read. Use the questions below as a guide. Title: How is the title a description of the story? Author: When did the author write the book? What major historical events marked the time? Setting: If the setting is real, what period in history? Main Characters: Are the characters real or imagined? Why is the story an example of fiction? Paragraph 2: Use these questions to help you retell the most important parts of the story in your own words. What is the situation as it stands at beginning of story? What happens to get the story moving? What situation creates the conflict? What problems need to be solved? What things happen to lead you up to the most exciting part of the story? What is the most exciting or tense part of the story? How does the story end? (What is the situation as it stands at the end of the story? How are the problems or conflicts resolved? Who is the main character and how does he or she change throughout the story? Paragraph 3: In the third part of your report, tell what you thought about the book. Imagine that your friends have asked you if they should read the book. What will you tell them? Why? Give good reasons for your choice. What makes the story believable? (Consider conflict, character, setting, plot, and theme.) What makes the story enjoyable? What point does the story seem to be making? (story's theme; author's purpose) What is the author's view of Please help i need answer asap Can someone do my summer online school for me Thirty-six percent of customers who purchased products from an e-commerce site had orders exceeding 110. If 17% of customers have orders exceeding 110 and also pay with the e-commerce site's sponsored credit card, determine the probability that a customer whose order exceeds 110 will pay with the sponsored credit card. Tell me about National Flag of Nepal in Paragraph. prove that [tex]2 \tan30 \div 1 + tan ^{2} 30 = sin60[/tex]prove that . Lines A and B are parallelNEED HELP, IF ITS RIGHT ILL MAKE YOU BRAINLIEST Jin completed 8 pages in his math workbook and12 pages in his science workbook. This is 25% of thetotal number of pages in both workbooks together.If there are 32 pages in his math workbook, howmany pages are there in his science workbook?A. 20B.48C. 80D. 128 Integrate with respect to x-2/3((2-5x)^3) Why are sedimentary rocks only found on or close to Earth's surface? Aportes culturales de los grupos etnicos europeos Characteristics or properties of matter or energy that can be measured PLEASE HELP MEWhich equation represents this sentence Mark is five years older than Jeffrey. The sum of Marks age and triple Jeffreys age is 73 a microwave operates at a frequency of 2400 MHZ. the height of the oven cavity is 25 cm and the base measures 30 cm by 30 cm. assume that microwave energy is generated uniformly on the uipper surface. What is the power output of the oven At which point is the kinetic energy of the pendulum the greatest?CADB PLEASE ANSWER THESE:Question 4: Biological Molecules (5 points)A. Pepsin is an enzyme used by the human body to break down food in the stomach. i. Explain, in terms of a chemical reaction, how pepsin helps a person. (3 points) ii. What are the building blocks of the pepsin macromolecule? (2 points) In '' The Road Not Taken'' written by Robert Frost, there are the lines '' Yet knowing how way leads on to way / I doubted if I should ever come back''. Explain this quote in your own words. Do you agree or disagree with it What can happen to someone's body if they get an STI or get pregnant?What can happen to someone's stress level if they get an STI or get pregnant?What can happen to someone's social life if they end up pregnant? Use the Hide Others button to hide the other structures in the view and observe the routes of the arteries. Select the largest artery, traveling from the heart downward through the torso. What is this artery called