brain, blood. Internal organs like the blood, brain, muscle, etc. of a healthy animal are typically free of germs.
Skin and mucous membranes, which are surface tissues, are continuously in contact with environmental organisms and are therefore easily colonised by different microbial species. Millions of these bacteria, which are also referred to as microorganisms, reside in the human body. All parts of the human body that are exposed to the environment have normal flora (the lungs are the only exception), yet a healthy person's interior organs and bodily fluids are thought to be sterile. Small bronchi and alveoli in the lower respiratory tract are often sterile because bacteria-sized particles cannot easily enter them.
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9. Living intermediaries, such as other humans, are called ____.
a. vectors
b. vehicles
c. microbes
d. aerosols
Living intermediaries, such as other humans, are called vectors.
What is a Vector?The term "vector" refers to an agent, organism, or substance that carries and transmits a pathogen from one host to another.
In biology and medicine, vectors are often used to spread diseases, such as mosquitoes transmitting malaria.
In this context, other humans could be considered living intermediaries or vectors if they are carrying and transmitting a pathogen to others and hence option A is correct.
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Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are polymers of nucleotides. The structural backbone of nucleic acids contains the following repeating pattern:
O ...--base--sugar--base--sugar--...
O ...--phosphate--sugar--phosphate--sugar--...
O ...--base--phosphate--sugar--base--phosphate--sugar--...
O ...--base--phosphate--base--phosphate--...
O ...--phosphate--phosphate--sugar--phosphate--phosphate--sugar--...
O ...--base--phosphate--phosphate--base--phosphate--phosphate--...
The structural backbone of nucleic acids contains the repeating pattern that is as follows:- Phosphate - Sugar - Phosphate - Sugar -
All nucleotide have a common structure in RNA and DNA, a phosphate group linked to a pentose sugar by phosphodiester bond, which in turn is linked to a organic base. Pentose sugars are : ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA. Organic bases are: A,G,C and T in DNA; A,G,C and U in RNA. A nucleotide is formed by combining the phosphate group, nitrogen-containing base, and sugar. The sugar that participates in the formation of nucleotides can be ribose or deoxyribose.
(Abbrevation: A- Adenine; G- Guanine; C- Cytosine; T- Thymine and U- Uracil
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the endocrine system has many functions in the human body including which of the following? multiple select question. overseeing short term reflexes controlling skeletal muscle contraction controlling metabolism overseeing reproductive functions regulating blood composition
The human body's endocrine system performs a variety of tasks, including regulating blood composition.
The endocrine system does a number of activities, including regulating blood ion concentrations, regulating blood volume, and directing how food passes through the digestive tract. More red blood cells are formed by the body's long-term endocrine responses to lower blood pressure and volume. The bone marrow produces erythropoietin, a hormone secreted by the kidneys that both alerts and promotes the survival of already created red blood cells.
The endocrine system is a meticulously planned process that keeps hormone levels and effects in check. One method to do this is to use "feedback loops." The release of hormones is controlled by other hormones, proteins, or brain impulses.
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I really need help for homework Biology 102 and it's Due: Feb 1, 2023 at 11:59 PM EST
Question 2 and Question 3
Stomach:
Begins protein digestionStores foodReceives food and breaks it down into smaller piecesKills bacteriaMouth:
Begins starch digestionDigestion of all foodsPharynx:
Connects the respiratory to the digestive systemConnects mouth to esophagusSmall Intestine:
Absorbs nutrientsLarge intestine:
Stores indigestible materialsAbsorbs waterEsophagus:
Connects the pharynx to the stomach(2)
-----------------------------------------------------------
(3)
Mechanical digestion:
Begins with chewing Involves the teeth and tongueChemical digestion:
Breaks down starchProtein carbohydratesFats Nucleic acidsSalivary glands produce an important substance for this typeRequires pancreatic juices enzymes produced by the wall of the small intestineIn the year 2005, the population of Idaho, is estimated to be 80. By the end of 2005, the cumulative incidence of measles in this community was estimated to be 10%.
No deaths were reported in the following year. If the basic reproduction number of measles in this community is 5, what proportion of this community will have to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity in 2006?
Answer:
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Explanation:working on answer hold up
place in order from greatest length on earths surface to least, the three types of plate boundaries
There are three types of plate boundaries: Convergent, Divergent, and Transform/Conservative.
What do you mean by plate boundaries?A plate boundary is a three-dimensional surface or zone across which there is a significant change in the velocity (speed or direction) of motion of one lithospheric plate relative to the adjacent lithospheric plate.
Two plates sliding past each other forms a transform plate boundary. One of the most famous transform plate boundaries occurs at the San Andreas fault zone, which extends underwater.
Plates interact in three ways: 1) Plates move away from each other at what are called divergent boundaries (also known as spreading centers); 2) Plates move towards each other at convergent boundaries, where continents collide creating mountain ranges.
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experimentation is only one part of the process of scientific inquiry, but it is a very important step because it_______
Experimentation is only one part of the process of scientific inquiry, but it is a very important step because it allows scientists to test hypotheses and gather evidence to support or reject them.
This process helps scientists to understand natural phenomena more deeply and to develop theories that can be used to explain and predict phenomena in the future.
Beyond the physical experimentation, scientists can use observational data to gain understanding of natural processes. Observations allow researchers to track the behavior of natural systems over long periods of time, and can provide insight into the underlying causes and effects of phenomena. Additionally, observations can be used to support or refute hypotheses that have been formed through experimentation. This combination of experimentation and observation is essential for gaining a deeper understanding of the natural world.
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How do two alleles for the same gene differ?
A. They use different rules for nitrogenous base pairing.
B. They contain slightly different codes for amino acids.
C. They are located at slightly different points on a chromosome.
D. They are made of different types of proteins.
Answer:
B. They contain slightly different codes for amino acids.
Explanation:
which of the following were disposed of in the biohazardous waste disposal? which of the following were disposed of in the biohazardous waste disposal? the cholesterol strip and the alcohol wipe the alcohol wipe, the lancet, and the cholesterol strip the lancet and the cholesterol strip the lancet and the alcohol wipe
The lancet and the alcohol wipe were disposed of in the biohazardous waste disposal. Correct answer: letter D
Biohazardous waste is any waste that is contaminated by blood or other potentially infectious materials, and must be handled in a specific way. This includes any medical waste that may be contaminated with blood, such as needles, lancets, swabs, and other items. Proper disposal of biohazardous waste is necessary to protect the public, healthcare workers, and the environment.
All biohazardous waste must be labeled, segregated, and securely stored in a designated area until it can be disposed of properly. Depending on the type and amount of waste, it may be necessary to contract with a licensed biohazardous waste disposal service to ensure it is disposed of in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.
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What made Dolly the sheep significant in world history?
She provided the material for the first chicken pox vaccine.
She was the first mammal clone.
She was the first mammal to have a fully mapped genome.
She helped synthesize the first anti-viral treatment after infection.
Answer:
B. She was the first mammal clone.
Explanation:
She was the first mammal clone made Dolly the sheep significant in world history.
Thus, Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell, especially one taken from the udder of a six-year-old Finn Dorset sheep, was noteworthy in world history.
Dolly was born in 1996 at the Roslin Institute in Scotland, proving that it was feasible to produce a genetically identical duplicate of a mammal from an adult cell that had undergone differentiation. This was a milestone in cloning.
The conventional wisdom that adult cells were permanently dedicated to their specific tasks was called into question by this discovery. Implications for reproductive cloning: Dolly's successful cloning prompted ethical and technical queries concerning the feasibility of human reproductive cloning.
Thus, She was the first mammal clone made Dolly the sheep significant in world history.
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The two strands of duplex DNA are complementary in sequence and arranged in antiparallel fashion. What is the base sequence of the complementary strand to the following:
O 5'-ATGCTCGACTTACAT-3'
O 5'-TACATTCAGCTCGTA-3'
O 5'-ATGTAAGTCGAGCAT-3'
O 5'-TACGAGCTGAATGTA-3'
O 3'-ATGCTCGACTTACAT-5'
The complementary sequence is 5'-TACGAGCTGAATGTA-3'.
A molecule of DNA is composed of two strands that are linked to each other and coil around each other to form a helix-like structure that looks like a twisted ladder.
sugar groups are arranged in an alternating pattern along the backbone of each strand. One of the following bases, adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine, is joined to each of the sugars: (T).
Scientists have been scratching their heads over the question of why the DNA of every organism on Earth is a right-handed double helix ever since Francis Crick and James Watson announced in 1953 that they had discovered the double-helical structure of DNA. The discovery of DNA's double-helical structure was made in 1953.
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Blood typing can help determine paternity. Suppose an unmarried woman gives birth, charges a certain man with being the father, and sues for child support. He demands blood tests, which show that the woman is type A, the baby is type A, and he is type B. Does this evidence rule him out as the father? Please explain and discuss why or why not
Answer:
The evidence is not enough to rule him out as the baby's father.
Explanation:
If one parent has Type A blood, and the other has Type B, the baby can be either Type A, B, AB, or O. There are 3 types of blood alleles; A, B, and O. A and B are codominant, meaning that they are equally dominant. Both the A and the B will dominate the O, but if both are present together, they become AB. If the father's blood consists of a B and an O, then it's entirely possible that he gave the O and the Mother gave an A. The A would dominate the O, meaning that even though the allele would be read as AO, the blood type would be A. But this argument only works if the father is BO. If the father was BB, then it would be impossible for the baby to have Type A blood.
(this might seem a little scattered, I'm sorry. I just basically typed my thought process)
The All of Us Research Program expects authorized users to abide by the Belmont Principles, including respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Which of the following scenarios would VIOLATE the Belmont Principles?
Select one:
A. A research project studying cholesterol levels and genetic variants related to obesity in an indigenous group.
B. A research project on heart attack survival that excludes rural populations, because the researcher conducting the study is located at an urban institution.
C. A research project that studies genetic risk factors for breast cancer and stratifies the results by ancestral background.
D. A research project on complications during pregnancy that excludes individuals that were assigned to the male sex at birth from the study population, because these individuals cannot get pregnant.
A research project on heart attack survival excluded a rural population, as the researcher conducting the study was located in an urban institution. The views would violate the Belmont Principles. Here option B is the correct answer.
The Belmont Principles are ethical principles that guide the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects. The three key principles are respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Respect for persons refers to treating individuals as autonomous beings and protecting those who are vulnerable.
Beneficence refers to promoting good and avoiding harm to the research participants. Justice refers to the fair distribution of benefits and burdens of research, taking into consideration factors such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status.
The scenario described in option D would violate the Belmont Principle of justice, as it unfairly excludes a specific group from the study population based on their sex assigned at birth.
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microscopic structures within cells that are specialized to carry out specific functions are called which of the following?
Organelles are microscopic structures found in cells that are tailored to perform particular tasks.
Organelles are a group of "miniature organs" found in cells that have been modified or specialized to perform one or more essential tasks. Only eukaryotes contain organelles, which are encased in a protective membrane at all times.
The following organelles have some fundamental information that is crucial to understand. The "little organs" known as cytoplasmic organelles are suspended within the cytoplasm of the cell. Every type of organelle has a distinct structure and performs a particular function in a cell. The mitochondrion, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes are a few examples of cytoplasmic organelles.
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Correct Question:
Microscopic structures within cells that are specialized to carry out specific functions are called?
In eukaryotes, which of these RNAs interacts directly with the ribosome and is never found outside the nucleus?
A. rRNA
B. mRNA
C. tRNA
D. miRNA
E. None of the answers is correct.
Option E - None of the answers is correct. In the given RNAs none of its interacts directly with the ribosome and is never found outside the nucleus .
A nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are found in the cells of eukaryotes, which are creatures. All mammals, plants, fungi, protists, and the majority of algae are eukaryotic creatures, as are many other types of life. Eukaryotes can have one cell or many. eukaryote, any type of cell or creature with a distinct nucleus. The nucleus, which houses the clearly defined chromosomes (bodies holding the hereditary material), is surrounded by a nuclear membrane in eukaryotic cells. All living cells contain ribonucleic acid, sometimes known as RNA, which resembles DNA in structure. But unlike DNA, RNA is typically single-stranded. In contrast to DNA's deoxyribose, which makes up the backbone of an RNA molecule, RNA's backbone is made up of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
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to infect the target cells (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY in Hershey and Chase experiment discussed in the lecture, the scientists used A. the 35s labeled bacteria B. the "Sn-labeled bacteria C. the 32p-labeled phages D. the 32pılabeled bacteria E. the 15-labeled phages F. the 35s labeled phages
The 35s labeled bacteria and the 32p labeled bacteria should be used to infect the target cells, according to Hershey and Chase's experiment. As a result, choice A and choice D are correct.
Through their experiment with blending, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material. Protein was once thought to be genetic material. Because the cell contains a greater quantity of it. The T2 phage virus was introduced into the bacteria E coil by Hershey and Chase. The viral DNA is reproduced as the bacterial DNA in bacteria.
They construct two culture mediums, one of which has radiolabeled sulfur (35 S) and the other radiolabeled phosphorous (32P). The bacteria are then cultured in a different culture medium, and numerous T2 phages are used to infect them.
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Recall that two hydrogen bonds bind A and T, whereas three hydrogen bonds bind G and C. The stability of DNA is affected by the number of hydrogen bonds, with more bonds promoting more stability. The double-stranded DNA molecule you would expect to have the greatest stability would be one with _______ percent _______.
A. 15, adenine
B. 23, guanine
C. 28, tyrosine
D. 31, cytosine
The double-stranded DNA molecule you would expect to have the greatest stability would be one with 31 percent cytosine.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
In the DNА case above, there аre four nitrogenous bаses thаt pаir up in only one wаy (bаsed on hydrogen bonding): Аdenine аnd Thymine (Urаcil, in cаse of RNА), Guаnine аnd Cytosine. They totаl 100 percent. The G-C content is the percentаge of the nitrogenous bаses (either Guаnine or Cytosine, in аddition to Аdenine, Thymine (for DNА) аnd Urаcil (RNА) ) on а DNА or RNА molecule.
Chаrgаff's rule stаtes thаt the concentrаtion for eаch bаse in а bаse pаir is аlwаys equаl to its mаte, so the concentrаtion of guаnine equаls the concentrаtion of cytosine, for exаmple. The remаining concentrаtion would be thаt of Аdenine аnd Thymine (А+T= 100- (G+C)). Therefore, the percentаge G-C content would be totаl аmount of G аnd C in the sаmple/ totаl аmount of bаses*100.
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Please, in no less than 200 words, explain R and K salaction, and their differences, with examples
R-selection favors colonizers and K-selection favoring competitors, but the level of disturbance also affects the success of species.
What is Selection?This is referred to as the placing of organisms under conditions where the growth of those with a particular genotype will be favored.
R-selection favors colonizers and examples are mice, rabbits, weeds etc which have a lot of offspring, but a short life expectancy while K-selection favors competitors and examples are elephants, people etc in which their offspring are few but long-lived.
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the method of DNA replication proposed by Watson and Crick is known as semi-conservative replication since each new double helix retains one strand of the original DNA double helix. the evidence for this mechanism was provided by a series of classic experiments carried out by Meselsohn and Stahl in 1958 that proceeded as follows:
1) cultures of the bacterium E. Coli, which has a single circular chromosome, were grown for many generations in a medium containing the heavy isotope of nitrogen 15N
2) the cells containing the DNA labeled with 15N were then transferred to a culture medium containing the normal isotope of nitrogen 14N
3) after periods of time corresponding to generation time for E. Coli (50 min at 3 degrees C), samples were removed and the DNA extracted
4) the DNA was then centrifuged at 40,000 times gravity for 20 hours in a solution of CsCl
two other hypotheses were advanced to explain the process of DNA replication: conservative replication and dispersive replication
based on the above, which of the following represents the appearance of the tubes after the cells had been allowed to grow in the 14N for two generations?
This represents the appearance of the tubes after the cells had been allowed to grow in the 14N for two generations is consistent with semi-conservative replication.
Meselson аnd Stаhl Experiment wаs аn experimentаl proof for semiconservаtive DNА replicаtion. In 1958, Mаtthew Meselson аnd Frаnklin Stаhl conducted аn experiment on E.coli which divides in 20 minutes, to study the replicаtion of DNА.
Bаsed on observаtions аnd experimentаl results, Meselson аnd Stаhl concluded thаt DNА molecules cаn replicаte semi-conservаtively. Investigаtion of semi-conservаtive nаture of replicаtion of DNА or the copying of the cells, DNА didn’t end there. Followed by Meselson аnd Stаhl experiment, Tаylor аnd colleаgues conducted аnother experiment on Viciа fаbа (fаvа beаns) which аgаin proved thаt replicаtion of DNА is semi-conservаtive.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your question can be seen in the Attachment.
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body release excess heat via several mechanisms. Discuss the differences on how
these mechanisms contribute to heat release at rest and during exercise.
Answer:
Sweating: Your sweat glands release sweat, which cools your skin as it evaporates. This helps lower your internal temperature. Vasodilatation: The blood vessels under your skin get wider. This increases blood flow to your skin where it is cooler — away from your warm inner body
Explanation:
.
During periods of vigorous physical activity, a person’s breathing and heart rates increase. This enables the cells of the body to perform more efficiently because it helps the cells to
answer choices
O remove waste products faster
O store excess glucose in muscles
O reduce the amount of ATP produced
O convert more oxygen to glucose
The cells of the body to perform more efficiently because it helps the cells to O remove waste products faster.
During exercise, your coronary heart commonly beats quicker in order that greater blood receives out on your body. Your coronary heart also can boom its stroke extent through pumping greater forcefully or growing the quantity of blood that fills the left ventricle earlier than it pumps. Adrenaline ranges rise, which stimulates the coronary heart to conquer quicker. Capillaries withinside the muscular tissues open wider, growing blood glide there through up to twenty instances. The muscular tissues of the ribcage help the diaphragm to drag in up to fifteen instances greater oxygen than at rest. Breathing receives quicker however additionally deeper.
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Describe how weak bonds can hold large macromolecules together.
Give specific examples of these bonds helping macromolecule form a secondary or tertiary structure.
Answer:Weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions, can hold large macromolecules together by providing a small amount of attraction between different parts of the molecule. These bonds allow for the formation of secondary and tertiary structures in proteins and nucleic acids.
For example, in proteins, hydrogen bonds between the peptide bonds of the amino acids can form the alpha helix and beta sheet secondary structures. These structures provide stability and allow for specific functions such as enzyme activity and antibody recognition.
In nucleic acids, hydrogen bonds between the base pairs of DNA and RNA can form double helix and secondary structures such as stem-loop structures. These structures play important roles in DNA replication and gene expression.
Additionally, hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar amino acids in a protein can cause them to come together, thereby excluding water molecules and forming a hydrophobic core, which is important in the formation of tertiary structure in proteins.
What is structural adaptation?
Structural adaptations are how the animal's body functions or looks on the outside. Body parts (like feet and ears) and body coverings (like fur and scales) are structural adaptations. Blanding's Turtles and other species of turtles have a structural adaptation that is very easy to see — their shells.
What percentage of dogs carry the heartworm nematode in Mississippi?
I found this confusing Why there is no an option of 10%? (One in ten , it should be 10%?)
80%
60%
70%
50%
when is a mutation considered beneficial?? please say the right answer ty
Explanation:
It is confused Flow SwiftKey 1 had better not eat too much more fast and furious 1
Bird 5110 was blank than other birds on the island, which earned him the nickname blank.target 1 of 5target 2 of 5 the song of 5110 was blank the songs of other bird species on the island.target 3 of 5 the grants performed genetic testing on 5110 and determined that he was blank for a rare allele.target 4 of 5 they also determined that he was hatched on blank.
Peter and Rosemary Grant have spent years observing, marking, and measuring the Galapagos finches and their environment. During that time, they document changes in the environment and how those changes benefit certain individuals in the population.
Grant's goal is to determine how each of the 14 species of finches evolved from a likely flying ancestor from the South American continent.
Grants genetically tested 5110 and found it was a hybrid with a mix of G.fortis and G.scandens genes.
The type of this question is fill the blank:
Bird 5110 was ____ than other birds on the island, which earned him the nickname _____.The song of 5110 was _____ the songs of other bird species on the island.The Grants performed genetic testing on 5110 and determined that he was _____ for a rare allele.They also determined that he was hatched on _____.Learn more about Grants performed in genetic at https://brainly.com/question/9908253
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What is the importance of the lithosphere in the theory of plate tectonics?
Please select all of the following which are forms of evidence that support the occurrence of evolution Check All That Apply the indings of ancient fossils the study of viral life cycies the study of the color of orgemisms the study of the function of orgarisms end ther components the study of genetics Explanetiort tremendous amount of evidence from the fossil record and from the study of morphology structure Evolution and genesics Please refer to the section in c by pfysiology anion
Answer:
The following are forms of evidence that support the occurrence of evolution:
the findings of ancient fossils
the study of viral life cycles
the study of the function of organisms and their components
the study of genetics
the study of morphology and structure.
Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary relationships is the process of ____, which is part of taxonomy. Classification.
Taxonomy is the systematic classification of species and their evolutionary connections. The science of categorizing and identifying organisms based on shared traits is known as taxonomy.
A clade is a collection of organisms composed of an ancestor and all of its offspring. It is based on evolutionary links and is a phylogenetic categorization. The study of links between living things, as well as the formal categorization of species into groups based on those supposed ties, is known as taxonomy.
The similarities and differences between organisms are used to classify them. Phylogeny is the scientific word for the evolutionary history and relationships of an individual or collection of organisms. Phylogeny explains an organism's connections, such as which creatures it is assumed to have developed from and which species it is most closely related to.
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Under normal circumstances which of the following plays a major role in determining membrane potential The membrane permeability to proteins The concentration gradient of sodium The concentration gradient a phosphate ions The membrane permeability to potassium
Under normal circumstances, the following plays a major role in determining membrane potential is the membrane permeability to potassium (option 4)
The difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of a biological cell is referred to as membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage). That is, as long as no kinetic energy or radiation is produced, there is a difference in the energy required for electric charges to move from the internal to the external cellular environments.
The membrane potential is caused by differences in ion concentrations on opposite sides of a cellular membrane. Typical membrane potential values range from -70 mV to -40 mV. Many ions, including potassium (K+), have a concentration gradient across the membrane, with a high concentration inside and a low concentration outside the membrane. As potassium levels rise further, the resting membrane potential becomes less negative and thus gradually decreases.
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