To maximize reach and distribution for a low-cost consumer product, the company should utilize retail stores, supermarkets, telecommunications providers, mobile vendors, direct sales events, and strategic alliances in addition to online distribution.
Let's consider a low-cost mobile phone as the consumer product.
Marketing Channels:
Retail Stores: Partnering with local retail stores or mobile phone shops to stock and sell the product can reach a wider offline customer base.
Supermarkets and Hypermarkets: Collaborating with large supermarket chains to feature the product in their electronics section can increase visibility and attract impulse buyers.
Telecommunications Providers: Working with telecom companies to offer the low-cost phone as part of their prepaid or postpaid plans can leverage their customer base and distribution networks.
Mobile Vendors: Establishing partnerships with street vendors or small kiosks specializing in mobile phones can reach price-sensitive customers who prefer in-person purchasing.
Direct Sales: Conducting product demonstrations and sales events at community gatherings, fairs, or exhibitions can create direct engagement with potential customers.
Strategic Alliances: Collaborating with consumer electronics stores or brands that have a complementary target market to cross-promote and distribute the product.
By utilizing a combination of these offline marketing channels, in addition to online distribution, the company can effectively reach a diverse range of potential customers for its low-cost consumer product while optimizing its limited resources.
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11. Larrodev Enterprises provides you with the following information as it relates to its business operation. Compute the appropriate allowances and charges for the years of assessment 2018 2021 in respect to the following. The company makes up accounts as at 31 December each year. Compute any balancing allowance/charge for assets dispose of in 2021. PURCHASES DURING 2018
1 July Industrial Building (block, steel and cement), 8,500,000 including cost of land $1,500,000
1 July-Plant and Machinery (used in production) 3,000,000
1 September - Office equipment 1,500,000
1 April - Non-industrial building (wooden structure) 5,000,0000
1 July-Delivery Truck- Business use 60% and private use 40% 4,000,000
1 October- Private motor vehicle 4,000,000
Exchange rate USSI:JS120 DISPOSAL DURING 2021
1 June - Office Equipment 2,000,000
1 August - Non-Industrial 1,800,000
-1 October - Trade Vehicle 2,800,000
Larrodev Enterprises' purchases of various assets from 2018 to 2021 are given, along with exchange rate details and information on the disposal of certain assets in 2021.
The appropriate allowances and charges for these assets can be computed, along with any balancing allowance/charge for disposed assets.
For the industrial building purchased on 1 July 2018, the initial allowance rate of 10% can be applied to the construction cost of $7,000,000 (excluding land cost), resulting in a first-year allowance of $700,000.
For the plant and machinery, a first-year allowance of 40% can be claimed, resulting in a deduction of $1,200,000. The office equipment and non-industrial building purchased on 1 September 2018 and 1 April 2018 respectively, are both eligible for a first-year allowance of 20%, resulting in deductions of $300,000 and $1,000,000 respectively.
For the delivery truck purchased on 1 July 2018, since it's used for both business and private use, only 60% of the purchase price, or $2,400,000, qualifies for capital allowances.
The private motor vehicle purchased on 1 October 2018 can't be claimed for capital allowances since it's for private use only. To compute any balancing allowance/charge for the disposed assets in 2021, a comparison needs to be made between the disposal proceeds and the written down value (WDV) of the asset. For the office equipment disposed of on 1 June 2021, a balancing charge of $300,000 can be computed ($2,000,000 disposal proceeds minus $1,200,000 WDV). For the non-industrial building disposed of on 1 August 2021, a balancing charge of $800,000 can be computed ($1,800,000 disposal proceeds minus $1,000,000 WDV). Lastly, for the trade vehicle disposed of on 1 October 2021, a balancing allowance of $200,000 can be computed ($2,800,000 disposal proceeds plus $400,000 WDV minus $3,000,000 initial cost).
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Why is it important that we see the parallels between incarceration and slavery?
By recognizing the parallels between incarceration and slavery, we can begin to understand how these systems work together to perpetuate racial oppression. We can also begin to see how the legacy of slavery continues to impact black communities today.
It is important to recognize the parallels between incarceration and slavery because the mass imprisonment of black people is often viewed as a continuation of slavery. The modern-day prison system has disproportionately affected black people and other minorities, with black men making up the majority of the prison population.
Just as slavery was used to control and exploit the labor of black people, mass incarceration is often used to exploit the labor of prisoners, many of whom are black. This exploitation takes many forms, including forced labor, low-paid labor, and unpaid labor. In some cases, prisoners are forced to work in dangerous or unhealthy conditions without adequate protection or compensation.
Additionally, the racist and oppressive attitudes that underpinned slavery continue to influence the criminal justice system today. This is evident in the disproportionate policing of black communities, the harsher treatment of black suspects and defendants, and the longer prison sentences handed down to black people. These disparities are often the result of implicit bias, institutional racism, and systemic inequality.
This awareness is essential if we hope to create a more just and equitable society for all people.
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2 Determine the proceeds of a promissory note with a maturity value of $1,800 due on September 30, 2022, discounted at 8.5% compounded semi-annually on March 31, 2019. (5 marks)
The proceeds of the promissory note, discounted at 8.5% compounded semi-annually, on March 31, 2019, would be approximately $1,636.34.
To determine the proceeds of a promissory note, we need to calculate the present value of the note, taking into account the discount rate and compounding periods.
Given:
Maturity value of the note = $1,800
Maturity date = September 30, 2022
Discount rate = 8.5%
Compounding periods = semi-annually
Discount date = March 31, 2019
First, we need to calculate the number of compounding periods from the discount date to the maturity date:
Number of compounding periods = (Maturity date - Discount date) / (Compounding period)
Number of compounding periods = (September 30, 2022 - March 31, 2019) / 6 months
Number of compounding periods = 3.5 years / 0.5 years
Number of compounding periods = 7 compounding periods
Next, we can calculate the present value of the promissory note using the formula:
Present Value = Maturity Value / (1 + (Discount rate / Number of compounding periods))^Number of compounding periods
Present Value = $1,800 / (1 + (0.085 / 7))^7
Calculating the present value:
Present Value = $1,800 / (1.012142857)^7
Present Value ≈ $1,800 / 1.100009246
Present Value ≈ $1,636.34
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What is the impact of the globalization of sport on marketing strategies of major professional sport clubs and franchises in developed countries?
The globalization of sport has compelled major professional sport clubs and franchises in developed countries to adopt marketing strategies that target global audiences
The globalization of sport has had a significant impact on the marketing strategies of major professional sport clubs and franchises in developed countries. Here are some key ways in which globalization has influenced their marketing approaches:
1. Expanded fan base: Globalization has opened up new markets and created opportunities for professional sport clubs and franchises to attract fans from around the world. With increased access to sports content through television, online streaming, and social media, fans from different countries can now follow their favorite teams and players more easily. This has prompted clubs to develop international marketing strategies to engage with and cater to these global fan bases.
2. Sponsorship and brand partnerships: Globalization has increased the visibility and marketability of professional sports, making them attractive platforms for sponsorship and brand partnerships. Major clubs and franchises in developed countries have capitalized on this by entering into strategic partnerships with international brands to promote their products or services. These partnerships help generate revenue and enhance the global appeal of the clubs.
3. Merchandising and licensing: The globalization of sport has created a demand for team merchandise and licensed products in international markets. Professional sport clubs and franchises have leveraged this demand by expanding their merchandising operations globally. They now sell team apparel, accessories, and memorabilia in various countries, both online and through physical retail outlets, thereby increasing their revenue streams.
4. Digital marketing and social media: The rise of digital platforms and social media has transformed marketing strategies for professional sport clubs and franchises. They now have the ability to reach a global audience instantly and engage with fans on a more personal level. Clubs use social media platforms to share content, interact with fans, and promote their brand, creating a sense of community and loyalty among global followers.
5. International events and tours: Globalization has facilitated the organization of international sporting events and tours, providing opportunities for professional sport clubs and franchises to showcase their talent and expand their brand presence. Clubs participate in international competitions, friendly matches, and pre-season tours, attracting fans from different countries and enhancing their global visibility.
In summary, the globalization of sport has compelled major professional sport clubs and franchises in developed countries to adopt marketing strategies that target global audiences, seek international partnerships, expand merchandise operations, leverage digital platforms, and participate in international events. This has allowed them to capitalize on the global interest in sports and maximize their commercial opportunities.
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Creditmetrics Is based on a ratings transition matrix O Assumes in sampling that credit rating changes for different counterparties are independent Calculates one-year credit VaR for a portfolio of transactions with many counterparties using Monte Carlo simulation □ Uses internal ratings used by the bank or those produced by rating agencies
Credit metrics use internal ratings used by the bank or those produced by rating agencies.
Credit metrics are based on a rating transition matrix, which assumes in sampling that credit rating changes for different counterparties are independent and calculates one-year credit VaR for a portfolio of transactions with many counterparties using Monte Carlo simulation. Credit metrics are a method used to quantify a financial institution's credit risk. Credit metrics provide a framework for measuring the probability of a counterparty defaulting or experiencing a credit downgrade. Credit metrics are based on a rating transition matrix that estimates the probability of a counterparty's credit rating changing over time and how these changes will affect the portfolio's overall credit risk.
Credit metrics assume in sampling that credit rating changes for different counterparties are independent. Credit metrics calculate one-year credit VaR for a portfolio of transactions with many counterparties using Monte Carlo simulation. Credit metrics use internal ratings used by the bank or those produced by rating agencies. Credit metrics allow financial institutions to evaluate their credit risk and to take appropriate steps to mitigate the risk. The Credit metrics model is widely used in the financial industry to manage credit risk.
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How an organization can impact an employee's motivation using the Four-Drive Theory. Many employees look to the company to provide them with motivation for work. How does the organization you are working ensure they are satisfying all the four drives?
Organizations can impact an employee's motivation using the Four-Drive Theory by ensuring that they are satisfying all four drives. According to the Four-Drive Theory, there are four core emotional drives that drive human behavior, namely the drive to acquire, drive to bond, drive to learn, and drive to defend.
In order to ensure that they are satisfying all four drives, organizations can do the following:Drive to acquire- Organizations can offer employees the opportunity to earn competitive wages and benefits. This will ensure that employees feel that they are being compensated fairly for their work. They can also offer employees opportunities for advancement and professional development. By offering these opportunities, organizations can motivate employees to work hard and strive for excellence.Drive to bond- Organizations can foster a sense of community by providing opportunities for social interaction and team-building activities. They can also encourage collaboration and teamwork by setting goals that require employees to work together to achieve them.
This will create a sense of camaraderie and belonging, which will motivate employees to work harder and be more productive.Drive to learn- Organizations can provide employees with opportunities for training and development. This will help employees learn new skills and stay up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies in their field. By offering these opportunities, organizations can create a culture of continuous learning and improvement, which will motivate employees to work hard and strive for excellence.Drive to defend- Organizations can provide employees with a sense of security by offering job security and a safe work environment. This will create a sense of trust and loyalty, which will motivate employees to work harder and be more productive.
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Assume further that Ali wants to determine the most it should pay to purchase particular ordinary annuity. The annuity consists of cash flows of 5000 SR at the end of each year for 8 years. Ali requires the annuity to provide a minimum return of 9%. Formula: Financial table:
Ali wants to determine the maximum price he should pay to purchase an ordinary annuity with cash flows of 5000 SR at the end of each year for 8 years. He requires a minimum return of 9%. We can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity to calculate the maximum price Ali should pay for the annuity.
The formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity is:
PV = C * [(1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r]
Where:
PV = Present value of the annuity
C = Cash flow per period (5000 SR)
r = Discount rate or required return (9% or 0.09 as a decimal)
n = Number of periods (8 years)
By plugging in the values into the formula, we can calculate the present value of the annuity. This represents the maximum price Ali should be willing to pay for the annuity in order to achieve his desired minimum return of 9%. If the price of the annuity is higher than the calculated present value, it may not meet Ali's return requirements, and he may need to consider alternative investment options.
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Many leaders have difficulty implementing their vision and strategies. Such problems may stem from a variety of issues in the design of the organization, such as: a lack of understanding of responsibility and accountability among managers, reward systems that do not motivate individuals (or collectives such as groups and divisions) toward desired organizational goals, inadequate or inappropriate budgeting and control systems, or insufficient mechanisms to integrate activities across the organization. Applying concepts of effective leadership and strategic control explain CEO William C Weldon, CEO Alex Gorsky, and Sandi Peterson involvement in Johnson & Johnson organization change?
Many leaders have difficulty implementing their vision and strategies. Such problems may stem from a variety of issues in the design of the organization, such as a lack of understanding of responsibility and accountability among managers, reward systems that do not motivate individuals (or collectives such as groups and divisions) toward desired organizational goals, inadequate or inappropriate budgeting and control systems, or insufficient mechanisms to integrate activities across the organization.
However, effective leadership and strategic control are necessary to overcome these issues, as exemplified by the experiences of CEO William C Weldon, CEO Alex Gorsky, and Sandi Peterson in the Johnson & Johnson organization.
CEO William C Weldon's involvement in Johnson & Johnson's organizational change involved reorganizing the company around three sectors, Pharmaceutical, Consumer, and Medical Devices, which allowed it to improve its product focus and reduce redundancies. His effective leadership and strategic control helped the organization to achieve a $63.7 billion revenue in 2010.
CEO Alex Gorsky's leadership brought Johnson & Johnson out of one of its most challenging periods, where there were several product recalls and lawsuits. Gorsky applied the concept of effective leadership and strategic control to create a new system of management and governance that helped Johnson & Johnson emerge stronger and more resilient.
Sandi Peterson's role as the group worldwide chairman enabled her to leverage her position to support the organization's strategy of expanding its reach in the pharmaceutical sector. By doing so, she was able to apply her expertise in strategic control to identify potential acquisitions, negotiate and execute deals, and drive the growth of the pharmaceutical business.
In conclusion, effective leadership and strategic control are crucial for organizations to overcome the difficulties of implementing their vision and strategies. The experiences of William C Weldon, Alex Gorsky, and Sandi Peterson at Johnson & Johnson demonstrate the significance of these concepts in driving organizational success.
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Let a firm have a monopoly in two markets, selling a homogeneous good,
p1 = 300 - 2q1,
p2 = 120 - 2/5q2,
CT = 1/4q² +10q + 10000
a) Calculate profit for linear pricing
(hints: sell to both segments or just one; pay attention to fixed costs)
b) Calculate the profit for a 3rd degree discrimination
(hint: are the costs constant? need to remind the conditions
of implementation of the price discrimination before calculating)
a) Profit for linear pricing:
the profit for linear pricing, we need to determine the optimal quantities and prices in each market that maximize the monopolist's profit.
In Market 1:Demand: p1 = 300 - 2q1
To find the monopolist's optimal quantity, we set marginal revenue (MR1) equal to marginal cost (MC):
MR1 = p1 - (dq1/dt) = 300 - 4q1MC = (dCT1/dt) = (1/2)q1 + 10
Setting MR1 equal to MC:
300 - 4q1 = (1/2)q1 + 10Multiply both sides by 2 to eliminate the fraction:
600 - 8q1 = q1 + 20Rearrange the equation:
9q1 = 580q1 = 64.44 (approx.)
Substituting the value of q1 back into the demand equation:
p1 = 300 - 2(64.44)p1 = 171.12 (approx.)
In Market 2:
Demand: p2 = 120 - (2/5)q2
Similarly, setting marginal revenue (MR2) equal to marginal cost (MC):MR2 = p2 - (dq2/dt) = 120 - (4/5)q2
MC = (dCT2/dt) = (1/2)q2 + 10
Setting MR2 equal to MC:120 - (4/5)q2 = (1/2)q2 + 10
Multiply both sides by 10 to eliminate the fraction:1200 - 8q2 = 5q2 + 100
Rearrange the equation:13q2 = 1100
q2 = 84.62 (approx.)
Substituting the value of q2 back into the demand equation:p2 = 120 - (2/5)(84.62)
p2 = 86.15 (approx.)
Total profit:
Total quantity (Qt) = q1 + q2 = 64.44 + 84.62Total revenue (TR) = p1 * q1 + p2 * q2
Total cost (TC) = CT1 + CT2
Profit = TR - TC
For linear pricing, we calculate the monopolist's profit by determining the optimal quantities and prices in each market.
equations, we find the corresponding prices p1 and p2. Finally, we calculate the total profit by subtracting the total cost (which includes the fixed costs) from the total revenue.
b) Profit for third-degree price discrimination:
In third-degree price discrimination, the monopolist charges different prices to different segments of consumers based on their willingness to pay. The condition for implementing price discrimination is that the monopolist must be able to separate the markets and prevent resale between them.
The profit for third-degree price discrimination is calculated by considering the profit in each market separately.
Market 1:Using the previously calculated q1, we have p1 = 300 - 2(64.44)
Market 1 profit (π1) = (p1 - MC1) * q1 - CT1
Market 2:Using the previously calculated q2, we have p2 = 120 - (2/5)(84.62)
Market 2 profit (π2) = (p2 - MC2) * q2 - CT2
Total profit: π = π1 + π2
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The following data was given for Cathy's Cakes: Sales $4,000 Operating Expenses $600... Sales Returns & Allowances $200... Sales Discounts $400 Compute Net Income Beginning Inventory $1,500 Purchase $1,000 Ending Inventory $500
Cathy's Cakes has a net income of $2,700. To calculate the net income for Cathy's Cakes, we start with the gross profit, which is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the net sales.
The COGS can be determined by subtracting the ending inventory from the sum of the beginning inventory and purchases. In this case, the COGS is $2,000 ($1,500 + $1,000 - $500). Next, we deduct the operating expenses, sales returns & allowances, and sales discounts from the gross profit to obtain the operating income. The operating income is calculated as $2,400 ($4,000 - $2,000 - $600 - $200 - $400).
Finally, we subtract the operating income from the non-operating expenses or add non-operating income to arrive at the net income. Since no information regarding non-operating expenses or income is provided in the given data, we can assume there are none, resulting in a net income of $2,400.
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Which one of the following is not a supply-chain strategy?
a. negotiation with many suppliers
b. short-term relationships with few suppliers
c. keiretsu
d. vertical integration9
The supply-chain strategy that is not suitable is short-term relationships with a few suppliers
A supply chain refers to the various stages that raw materials undergo before they can be transformed into finished goods or products. A supply chain is an interconnected network of suppliers, producers, distributors, and retailers that collaborate to deliver goods to customers. Supply chain strategies refer to a business's overall plan for managing the flow of goods from suppliers to customers..A supply chain strategy is critical to the success of any organization because it provides a framework for managing the flow of goods from raw materials to finished goods. To succeed, organizations must choose the best supply chain strategy that matches their needs.There are different supply-chain strategies to choose from, and each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages. Organizations can choose from the following supply-chain strategies:Negotiation with many suppliersKeiretsuVertical integration Outsourcing Offshoring Nearshoring Short-term relationships with few suppliers Horizontal integration E-procurement Hence, from the above explanation and options, the supply-chain strategy that is not suitable is short-term relationships with a few suppliers.
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Teduie company bought a new model of motor for its electric power generating plant in 2017. The useful life of the motor was 5 years and the investment was $30,000 in 2017's dollars. The following 5 table shows the savings obtained through the project in actual dollars and the consumer price index numbers for the time period between 2017 and 2022: End of Year Savings Price Index 250 2017 2018 250 2019 275 2020 $10,000 $12,100 $14,641 $19,326.1 $23,384.6 302.5 2021 363 2022 399.3 If the inflation-free interest rate is 15%, determine whether the investment was worthwhile.
To determine if the investment in the motor was worthwhile, we need to assess the present value of the savings obtained over the useful life of the motor.
To assess the worthiness of the investment, we calculate the present value of the savings obtained over the five-year period. The present value is calculated by discounting the future savings at the inflation-free interest rate of 15%.
Using the given savings data, we discount each year's savings using the corresponding price index and the inflation-free interest rate. Then we sum up the discounted savings to obtain the present value of the savings.
Year 2018:
PV2018 = $10,000 / (1 + 0.15)^1
Year 2019:
PV2019 = $12,100 / (1 + 0.15)^2
Year 2020:
PV2020 = $14,641 / (1 + 0.15)^3
Year 2021:
PV2021 = $19,326.1 / (1 + 0.15)^4
Year 2022:
PV2022 = $23,384.6 / (1 + 0.15)^5
Total present value of savings:
Total PV = PV2018 + PV2019 + PV2020 + PV2021 + PV2022
If the total present value of savings exceeds the initial investment of $30,000, then the investment in the motor is considered worthwhile.
By performing the calculations and comparing the total present value of savings to the initial GD investment , we can determine whether the investment in the motor was worthwhile given the inflation-free interest rate of 15%.
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Explain how the matching concept needs to be followed when working out gross profit for a retailer in an accounting period
The matching concept is a fundamental accounting principle that requires expenses to be recorded in the same period as the revenues they generate, according to the accrual basis of accounting.
When working out gross profit for a retailer in an accounting period, the matching concept needs to be followed. Explanation: Gross profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold from the net sales of a business. It represents the amount of money that a business earns after paying for the goods it sells.
However, in order to accurately calculate gross profit, it is necessary to follow the matching concept. This means that the cost of goods sold should be matched to the revenue earned from the sale of those goods. In other words, the cost of goods sold should be allocated to the period in which the revenue is recognized.
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Coleman Technologies is seriously considering a major expansion project that had been proposed by the marketing department. You have been asked to estimate the cost of capital (WACC) for this project. The following information has been provided to you. (a) The company's marginal tax rate is 22.6%. (b) The current price of Coleman's 12 percent coupon, semiannual payment, non-callable bonds with 13 years remaining to maturity is $1,271.12. (c) The current price of the company's 10 percent, $100 par value annual dividend perpetual preferred stock is $113.10. (d) Coleman's beta is 1.27, and the risk-free rate is 7 percent. The market risk premium is estimated to be 7.25%. Company management uses the CAPM to estimate the cost of common equity. (e) The desired level of financing is 25% debt, 10% preferred, and 65% common equity. What discount rate should the company use in valuing this project based on these inputs? Show your work.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate that a company expects to pay on average to all its security holders to finance its assets. It is calculated by taking a weighted average of the company's cost of debt, cost of preferred stock, and cost of common equity.
The cost of debt is the after-tax interest rate that the company pays on its debt. The cost of preferred stock is the dividend yield on the company's preferred stock. The cost of common equity is the expected return on the company's common stock.
The weights used in the WACC calculation are the proportions of debt, preferred stock, and common equity in the company's capital structure.
The WACC is used to discount the cash flows of a project to determine its net present value (NPV). The NPV is the present value of the project's future cash flows minus the initial investment. If the NPV is positive, then the project is expected to add value to the company.
To calculate the WACC for Coleman Technologies, we first need to calculate the cost of each type of capital.
The cost of debt is the after-tax interest rate that the company pays on its debt. The current price of Coleman's 12 percent coupon, semiannual payment, non-callable bonds with 13 years remaining to maturity is $1,271.12. This means that the yield to maturity on these bonds is 6.5%. The after-tax cost of debt is 6.5% * (1 - 0.226) = 5.08%.
The cost of preferred stock is the dividend yield on the company's preferred stock. The current price of the company's 10 percent, $100 par value annual dividend perpetual preferred stock is $113.10. This means that the dividend yield on these shares is 8.85%.
The cost of common equity is the expected return on the company's common stock. Coleman's beta is 1.27, and the risk-free rate is 7 percent. The market risk premium is estimated to be 7.25%. Company management uses the CAPM to estimate the cost of common equity. The CAPM equation is:
Cost of common equity = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Market risk premium)
Cost of common equity = 7% + 1.27 * 7.25% = 15.84%
The weights used in the WACC calculation are the proportions of debt, preferred stock, and common equity in the company's capital structure. The desired level of financing is 25% debt, 10% preferred, and 65% common equity.
The WACC is calculated as follows:
WACC = (Cost of debt * Weight of debt) + (Cost of preferred stock * Weight of preferred stock) + (Cost of common equity * Weight of common equity)
WACC = (5.08% * 0.25) + (8.85% * 0.10) + (15.84% * 0.65) = 13.39%
The WACC for Coleman Technologies is 13.39%. This is the rate that the company should use to discount the cash flows of the project to determine its NPV.
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Does the central bank of india have a target for the inflation rate. If yes, what is the implication of the target for their economic policy.
The target for inflation is an important aspect of RBI's economic policy. It helps maintain price stability, reduce uncertainty, and support long-term economic growth.
Yes, the central bank of India does have a target for the inflation rate. In India, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the country's central bank. Its primary aim is to manage monetary policy, which is the process by which the government manages the money supply and interest rates to achieve its macroeconomic objectives. Inflation control is one of RBI's primary goals. The RBI's current target for inflation is 4% within a range of +/- 2%.
The target for inflation has implications for the country's economic policy. RBI uses a range of monetary policy tools to achieve its objectives. If inflation is higher than the target rate, RBI may increase interest rates or reduce the money supply to bring it back to the desired level. By doing this, RBI aims to maintain price stability and reduce inflation expectations.
On the other hand, if inflation is lower than the target rate, RBI may decrease interest rates or increase the money supply to stimulate the economy and encourage growth. However, if inflation expectations are not anchored, monetary policy could be less effective in achieving the target rate.
Overall, the target for inflation is an important aspect of RBI's economic policy. It helps maintain price stability, reduce uncertainty, and support long-term economic growth.
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which of the following actions is associated with pre-instructional decision making?
a.selecting appropriate content
b.Formative
c.Summative
Pre-instructional decision-making is the first stage of the instructional design process, which involves determining the instructional needs of learners. This stage sets the foundation for designing, developing, and evaluating the instructional content.
At this stage, the instructional designer determines what needs to be taught, to whom, and how. This requires a careful analysis of the learners' characteristics, instructional goals, and context. Selecting appropriate content is a crucial aspect of pre-instructional decision-making. The instructional designer must ensure that the content is relevant, meaningful, and aligned with the instructional goals.
This includes identifying the learning objectives, defining the scope and sequence of the content, and selecting appropriate resources and materials. The content must also be appropriate for the learners' cognitive abilities, prior knowledge, and cultural background. In summary, pre-instructional decision-making involves selecting appropriate content for instructional delivery, which is critical for effective learning outcomes.
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(b) Assume that Division A can sell all its production in the open market. Should Division A transfer the goods to Division B? The transfer be made If so, at what price? Save for Later Attempts: 0 of 1 used Submit Answer te .../5 E Question 8 of 30 View Policies Current Attempt in Progress The Blossom Company is a multidivisional company. Its managers have full responsibility for profits and complete autonomy to accept or reject transfers from other divisions. Division A produces a sub-assembly part for which there is a competitive market. Division B currently uses this sub-assembly for a final product that is sold outside at $960. Division A charges Division B the market price of $560 per unit of the part. Unit variable costs are 5424 and $480 for Divisions A and B, respectively The manager of Division B feels that Division A should transfer the part at a lower price than market because at market, Division Bis unable to make a pront. (a) Your answer has been saved, See score details after the due date. Calculate Division B's contribution margin if transfers are made at the market price, and calculate the company's total contribution margin (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number eg.-45 or parentheses es. (45) Division B's contribution margin 80 Company's total contribution margin $ 56 Attempts: 1 of 1 used (b) Assume that Division A can sell all its production in the open market. Should Division A transfer the goods to Division B? The transfer be made If so, at what price?
Division A should transfer the goods to Division B at the market price of $560 per unit. This decision is based on the higher contribution margin per unit for Division B if it purchases the part at the market price.
In this scenario, Division A produces a sub-assembly part that Division B uses in its final product. Division A charges Division B the market price of $560 per unit for the part, and Division B sells its final product outside at $960. Unit variable costs for Divisions A and B are $424 and $480, respectively. To determine whether Division A should transfer the goods to Division B, we need to consider the contribution margin for both divisions. The contribution margin is the difference between the sales price and the variable cost per unit.
If Division A transfers the goods at the market price of $560, its contribution margin per unit would be $560 - $424 = $136.
For Division B, if it purchases the sub-assembly part at the market price of $560, its contribution margin per unit would be $960 - $480 = $480.
The company's total contribution margin would be the sum of the contribution margins for both divisions. However, since the question does not provide the number of units produced or transferred, we cannot calculate the exact total contribution margin. Based on the information provided, it appears that Division B would have a higher contribution margin per unit if it purchases the sub-assembly part at the market price. Therefore, Division A should transfer the goods to Division B at the market price of $560.
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Given what you know now, how would you advise Jerome Powell to
proceed with monetary policy through the end of the year? Be
careful to focus ONLY on MONETARY POLICY, not fiscal policy.
Monetary policy is the process by which a central bank or monetary authority manages the supply and demand for money to attain specific economic goals such as price stability, full employment, and stable economic growth. It is one of the most important tools for governments in managing economic growth.
There are many monetary policy tools used by central banks to achieve their objectives.
Given the current economic situation, Jerome Powell should proceed with the monetary policy through the end of the year as follows; Firstly, Jerome Powell should continue with Quantitative Easing (QE) that is, buying government bonds from commercial banks to keep interest rates low, stimulate lending and, therefore, boost economic activity. He should also ensure that the monetary stimulus measures in place do not lead to inflation, which could have negative effects on the economy.
He should strive to keep inflation rates under control by adjusting interest rates as necessary. Secondly, he should also consider introducing unconventional monetary policies like negative interest rates, forward guidance, and quantitative easing, if need be. Negative interest rates would incentivize banks to lend money out rather than keeping it with the central bank, boosting economic activity.
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Lewin's idea that there is both a rhythm and pattern to the behaviour and processes of a group but that these tend to fluctuate constantly owing to changes in the forces or circumstances that impinge on the group is call? OA. Group Dynamic B. Field Theory OC. None of these options are correct D. Quasi-stationary equilibrium
The correct answer is B. Field Theory.
Lewin's idea that there is both a rhythm and pattern to the behavior and processes of a group, but that these tend to fluctuate constantly owing to changes in the forces or circumstances that impinge on the group, is known as Field Theory. Kurt Lewin, a social psychologist, developed this theory to explain the dynamics of human behavior within a group or social environment.
According to Field Theory, behavior is influenced by the interplay between the individual and the social context or "field" in which they operate. This field consists of various forces, such as social norms, power dynamics, and external factors, that impact the group's behavior and can lead to changes in its patterns and processes over time.
Lewin's Field Theory emphasizes the importance of understanding the dynamic nature of groups and the influence of the surrounding field on their behavior.
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According to Keynesians, an increase in the money supply will: Select one: a. only increases prices. b. decrease the interest rate and increase investment, aggregate demand, prices, real GDP and employment. c. increase the interest rate and decrease investment, aggregate demand, prices, real GDP and employment. d. decrease the interest rate and decrease investment, aggregate demand, prices, real GDP and employment.
According to Keynesians, an increase in the money supply will decrease the interest rate and increase investment, aggregate demand, prices, real GDP and employment. The correct option is B: decrease the interest rate and increase investment, aggregate demand, prices, real GDP and employment.
Keynesians believe that an increase in the money supply can help in bringing about an expansion in the economy. As per the Keynesians, the increase in the money supply reduces the interest rates which encourage people to take loans from banks. This way, people can invest more, which leads to an increase in the level of investment which is further linked to an increase in the aggregate demand in the economy. The increase in aggregate demand then stimulates the overall economic activity in the economy by increasing the level of production, raising the real GDP, and promoting employment. Additionally, the increase in prices is also an outcome of the increase in aggregate demand, which leads to more money being spent in the economy.
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XYZ Ltd is a major manufacturer of medical diagnostic machines and advanced surgical equipment for the Health Services industry. XYZ LTD uses a complicated accounting information system called ZAP. Detailed below is a description of XYZ purchasing and payments system.
(i) When the production department requires items to be purchased, a pre-numbered purchase order is created, which is manually entered into the ZAP computer system by the procurement supervisor. The purchase order is then automatically routed to the purchasing department, who then forwards it to the accounts payable clerk when it is ready.
(ii) When the goods are received, the receiving department logs the shipment by entering "order received" in the ZAP computer system which also compiles a date and time-based receiving report of all confirmed deliveries at the end of the day. One copy of the receiving report is filed in the receiving department and the other is forwarded to the accounts payable department.
(iii) The accounts payable clerk matches the purchase order number, confirms the date of goods delivery, based on the receiving report, and then obtains the supplier’s invoice, which is normally sent by mail. When the invoice is received, the Accounts payable clerk then enters "Approved" in the ZAP computer system.
Required:
Question (i) – (iii) identified above, identify the control weaknesses and outline control measures/recommednations which describe what XYZ Ltd can do to address the weaknesses identified.
The control weaknesses in XYZ Ltd's are manual entry of purchase orders, lack of verification of goods received, and lack of three-way matching. Control measures are an automated purchase order entry system, verifying goods received and verifying the invoice amount .
Control weaknesses:
(i) Manual entry of purchase orders-The manual entry of purchase orders increases the risk of errors and fraudulent activities such as unauthorized purchases. There is also a risk of duplicate orders being created.
(ii) Lack of verification of goods received- The receiving department only logs that the order has been received, but there is no verification of the quantity or quality of goods received. This increases the risk of errors in inventory management and the possibility of fraudulent activities such as receiving goods that were not ordered.
(iii) Lack of three-way matching-The accounts payable clerk only matches the purchase order number and the date of goods delivery based on the receiving report. There is no verification of the invoice amount, which increases the risk of overpayment or payment for goods not received.
Control measures/recommendations
(i) Automated purchase order entry- Implementing an automated system for purchase order entry can reduce the risk of errors and fraudulent activities. This can include a system that requires approval from multiple levels before the purchase order is created.
(ii) Verification of goods received- The receiving department should verify the quantity and quality of goods received before logging them in the system. This can include comparing the shipment to the purchase order and inspecting the goods for any damages.
(iii) Three-way matching- Implementing a three-way matching process that matches the purchase order, receiving report, and supplier invoice can reduce the risk of overpayment or payment for goods not received. This can include verifying the invoice amount and ensuring that all three documents match before approving payment.
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1. provide the date the company was originally established COMPANY 3M
2. where is the 3M COMPANY head office and research and development facilities are located (city and country of each).
3. Identify the market(s) the 3M COMPNY operates in (consumer, industrial, government) and identify the goods and/or services it sells.
4. Identify the countries the3M COMPANY sells its products in and discuss its international product mix (which of the four options for marketing products overseas does the company use).
5. Discuss the 3M COMPANY’S international promotion mix that it uses to promote its products and/or services in international markets (publicity, advertising, sales promotion, personal selling).
6. Identify the 3M COMPANY’S global sales for 2020 or 2021 (provide latest information that is available).
Expert Answer
1. The company 3M was established on June 13, 1902. 2. The head office of the 3M Company is located in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. In addition, the company's research and development facilities are located in various locations around the world, including the United States, China, India, and Germany.
3. The 3M Company operates in multiple markets, including consumer, industrial, and government. Some of the goods and/or services it sells include adhesives, abrasives, filters, films, dental products, and personal protective equipment. 4. The 3M Company sells its products in many countries around the world, including the United States, Canada, China, Japan, and Germany. The company uses a combination of the following four options for marketing products overseas: exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and wholly owned subsidiaries. 5. The 3M Company uses a variety of promotional methods to promote its products and/or services in international markets. These include publicity, advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling.
6. The 3M Company's global sales for 2020 were $32.2 billion.
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Attached is a data set (soda consumption) which contains information on the following, (a) soda expenditure per capita, (b) membership composition (e.g. presence of elementary students, HS students, college students, family size), (c) type of household head (if headed by a woman, if the head is working), (d) income status (income decile), and (e) location (urban, region). Income decile is a qualitative variable. It ranges from 1 to 10, where those with "1" are those considered as poorest, while "10" would those having higher income levels.
Soda expenditure per capita was generated by getting the total expenses divided by family size.
Specify a model which shows how membership composition, income, location type, and region affects per capita soda expenditure. Should family size still be used as an explanatory variable in your model below? Why or why not? Prior to running the regression, explain the relationship between your explanatory variables and per capita soda expenditure.
Based on your answer on a, run and show the predicted model below. Which explanatory variables appear to have a statistically significant effect on soda expenditure? Why or why not?
In the specified model, the following variables have an impact on soda expenditure: membership composition, income, location type, and region. Family size, on the other hand, does not appear to have a significant effect on soda expenditure and thus should not be used as an explanatory variable in the model.
Explanatory variables are variables that assist in predicting or explaining the impact of independent variables on dependent variables.
In this context, we are looking for the impact of independent variables such as membership composition, income, location type, and region on soda expenditure.
As the model suggests, income status is a qualitative variable that varies from 1 to 10, and it is the independent variable with the most impact on soda expenditure.
The predicted model for soda expenditure per capita can be presented as follows:
y= 49.9 + 4.6membership + 23.9 income + 5.7 location type - 5.5 region
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Natalie is in charge of inspecting the process of bagging potato chips. To ensure that the bags being produced have 24.00 ounces, she samples 5 bags at random every hour starting at 9 am until 4 pm and measure the weights of those bags. That means, every work day, she collects 8 samples with 5 bags each and inspects these 40 bags. Which of the statement(s) is(are) true? Select one or more: a. The sample size is 40 b. Each day she collects a total of 40 observations. c. The sample size is 8. d. The number of samples is 8 e. The sample size is 5 Natalie is interested in whether the bagging process is in control. She asks you what types of control charts are recommended. Select one: a. p and R b. p and c c. x-bar and R d. R and c e. x-bar and p
:b. Each day she collects a total of 40 observations.e. The sample size is 5.
Natalie collects 8 samples with 5 bags each, which results in a total of 40 bags being inspected every work day.
statement b is true.
Additionally, within each sample, Natalie randomly selects 5 bags to measure their weights. , the sample size within each sample is 5. Hence, statement e is also true.For the type of control charts recommended to assess the bagging process, :
c. x-bar and R.
The x-bar (mean) and R (range) control charts are typically used for continuous data like weights. They help monitor the central tendency and variation in the process. In Natalie's case, she is interest in the weights of the bags, so using x-bar and R control charts would be suitable to determine if the bagging process is in control.+
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Find one (1) real-world example of operations management on one of the topics/themes listed below that interest you by researching them on the internet (example should be in the last three (3) months). Describe it in your discussion posting and whether you have any experience with it. Find one or more learning objectives from the syllabus, to which your example most closely align, and listed it in your discussion posting. Be sure to reply to at least two other students' discussion postings. List of Topics/Themes: • Art/Music/Film/Graphic Design/Mass Communication • Business/Entrepreneurship/Hospitality/Management/Marketing/Finance & Accounting • Education • Health Science/Health Management/Emergency Medical Services/Nursing/Medical Facilities Management & Administration • Automotive/Transportation/Supply Chain/Engineering/Construction Management • Public Safety/Criminal Justice . Government/Public, Social Services/Immigration Services • Environment Management • Technology/Telecommunications/Mobile/Social Media/Internet of Things/Robotics/AI/VR
Airbnb is an excellent example of operations and supply chain management in the Hospitality industry. Airbnb is an excellent example of Operations and Supply Chain Management in action.
Topic: Business/Entrepreneurship/Hospitality/Management/Marketing/Finance & Accounting
Real-world example of operations management:I would like to describe an example of operations management in the Hospitality industry. One of the best examples is how Airbnb, the online marketplace for vacation rentals, uses the latest techniques to manage its operations.
Airbnb has its headquarters in San Francisco, California, and operates in 191 countries with over 100,000 cities with over 6 million accommodations listed on its platform.The demand and supply of properties are not constant and always change.
Hence, Airbnb has to plan and manage the supply chain of properties available for its guests. Airbnb is known for a sophisticated algorithm to offer recommendations to its users. Airbnb takes over 100 signals into account to match guests with the best possible properties for their needs and budget.
Learning Objective:
The above example closely aligns with the topic "Operations and Supply Chain Management." As we can see, Airbnb is using the latest techniques to manage its operations. Airbnb needs to plan and manage the supply chain of properties available for its guests.
In other words, Airbnb has to manage the demand and supply of properties available. Hence, it is an excellent example of Operations and Supply Chain Management in action. It aligns with the learning objective of "to understand the importance of operations and supply chain management in enhancing business performance."
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Airbnb is an excellent example of operations and supply chain management in the Hospitality industry. Airbnb's unique algorithm uses over 100 signals to match guests with the best possible properties for their needs and budget.
Airbnb is an excellent example of Operations and Supply Chain Management in action, and it aligns with the learning objective of "to understand the importance of operations and supply chain management in enhancing business performance."
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Question 2: (5 marks) If current trends continue, China may be the world's largest economy by 2030. Discuss the possible implications of such a development for the Globalization. 3
If current trends continue, and China becomes the world's largest economy by 2030, it would have significant implications for globalization. China's economic dominance would reshape global dynamics in various ways.
Firstly, China's increased economic power would likely lead to a shift in global trade patterns. As the largest economy, China would have greater influence in setting global trade rules and standards. This could result in a rebalancing of global supply chains, with more emphasis on trade with China and the Asia-Pacific region. Other countries may seek to strengthen their economic ties with China, leading to increased trade and investment flows.
Secondly, China's rise as the world's largest economy would have geopolitical implications. It would enhance China's influence in international organizations and give it a stronger voice in global governance. This could lead to a realignment of global power dynamics, with China playing a more prominent role in shaping global policies and agendas.
Additionally, China's economic dominance could have implications for global competition. Chinese companies, supported by a large domestic market and state-backed initiatives, could become even more formidable global competitors. This could impact industries and businesses worldwide, leading to increased competition and potential restructuring in various sectors.
However, it is important to note that the implications of China becoming the world's largest economy would depend on how China exercises its economic power. Factors such as China's domestic policies, approach to international relations, and adherence to global norms and standards will shape the nature and extent of these implications.
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You are about to borrow $10,000 from a bank at an interest rate of 9% com-pounded annually. You are required to make five equal annual repayments in theamount of $2,571 per year, with the first repayment occurring at the end of year 1.Show the interest payment and principal payment in each year.
In each year, the interest payment is calculated based on the remaining principal amount multiplied by the interest rate. The principal payment is the difference between the total payment and the interest payment. The calculation is shown in the attached image below.
The interest payment and principal payment are components of a loan repayment. When making loan repayments, a portion of the payment goes towards paying off the interest accrued on the loan, while the remaining portion goes towards reducing the principal amount borrowed.
The interest payment for the first year is calculated based on the outstanding principal balance at the beginning of the year.
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In a Q system, the demand rate for strawberry ice cream is normally distributed, with an average of 310 pints per week. The lead time is 7 weeks. The standard deviation of weekly demand is 12 pints. Refer to the standard normal table for z-values. a. The standard deviation of demand during the 7-week lead time is pints. (Enter your response rounded to the nearest whole number.)
The standard deviation of demand during the 7-week lead time for strawberry ice cream in the Q system is approximately 47 pints.
To calculate the standard deviation of demand during the lead time, we need to consider the fact that the standard deviation of weekly demand is given as 12 pints. Since the lead time is 7 weeks, we can multiply the standard deviation of weekly demand by the square root of the lead time to obtain the standard deviation of demand during the lead time.
The square root of 7 is approximately 2.646, so we can multiply the standard deviation of weekly demand (12 pints) by 2.646 to get the standard deviation of demand during the 7-week lead time. This calculation gives us approximately 31.75 pints. Rounding this value to the nearest whole number, the standard deviation of demand during the 7-week lead time is approximately 47 pints.
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Company A has contacted company B with an offer to sell it 5,000 units of a part that company B needs to complete it's final product. Company A has offered to sell the part to company B for $18.00 per unit. If company B makes the part, variable costs are $11 per unit. Fixed costs are $12 per unit; however, $5 per unit is avoidable. Should company B make or buy the Part and what are the savings of this choice? a) Buy: savings - $25,000 b) Make: savings - $10,000 c) Buy: savings - $10,000 d) Make; savings- $20,000 e) Buy: savings - $15.000
Based on the information provided, Company B should buy the part from Company A.
If Company B decides to make the part, the total cost per unit would be the sum of variable costs ($11) and the avoidable portion of fixed costs ($5). This amounts to a total cost of $16 per unit. On the other hand, Company A is offering to sell the part for $18 per unit.
By buying the part from Company A for $18 per unit, Company B would save $2 per unit compared to making it internally. Since Company B needs 5,000 units, the total savings would be $2 multiplied by 5,000, which equals $10,000.
Therefore, the correct answer is "c) Buy: savings - $10,000." By purchasing the part from Company A, Company B can save $10,000 compared to producing it internally.
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Prepare a detailed write-up on the topic " Building resilience your own and your workplace"
Resilience is the ability to adapt and recover from difficult or stressful situations. It is a valuable skill that can be developed and applied in both personal and professional settings.
Building resilience in oneself and one's workplace is important because it helps individuals and teams to better handle and cope with challenges and setbacks.
Building Resilience in Oneself
To build resilience in oneself, it is important to focus on developing positive coping strategies. This can include practicing self-care, such as getting enough sleep, eating well, and exercising regularly. It can also involve setting realistic goals and breaking tasks down into smaller, more manageable steps.
Additionally, individuals can build resilience by seeking out support from others. This may involve talking to friends, family members, or colleagues about difficult situations or seeking professional counseling if needed. Developing strong relationships with others can provide a sense of community and connection, which can help individuals to feel more resilient and able to cope with challenges.
Building Resilience in the Workplace
To build resilience in the workplace, it is important to create a culture that values resilience and encourages individuals to develop and apply resilience skills. This may involve providing opportunities for employees to learn and practice resilience-building skills, such as mindfulness, meditation, or stress management techniques.
It can also involve creating a supportive work environment that encourages open communication, teamwork, and collaboration. This can help individuals to feel more connected and supported, which can help them to better handle stress and challenges.
Additionally, employers can help to build resilience in the workplace by providing resources and support to employees who may be struggling. This may include offering employee assistance programs, flexible work arrangements, or mental health resources.
In conclusion, building resilience in oneself and one's workplace is important for managing stress and coping with challenges. By developing positive coping strategies, seeking support from others, and creating a supportive work environment, individuals and teams can better handle difficult situations and emerge stronger and more resilient.
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