The possible allelic combinations that could be passed along to the offspring due to independent assortment is (yr) only. As, the organism is homozygous recessive for both the genes.
What is Genotype?The genotype of an organism is the complete set of genetic material. Genotype of an organism can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location.
The number of alleles an individual can have in a specific gene depends on the number of copies of each chromosome present in that species, which is also referred as ploidy. For example, humans are diploid organisms.
The genotype of an organism is (yyrr) as this organism produced organisms due to independent assortment, the alleles assort from each other. The organism is homozygous recessive for both the genes therefore, the offspring produced will have only single combination which is (yr).
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the ecosystem-based fishery management approach differs from the maximum sustainable yield approach because it . (mark all that apply.)
The ecosystem-based fishery management approach differs because it
-acknowledges uncertainties in the system
-acknowledges diverse societal uses of fish stocks, including fishing, recreation, and tourism.
The ecosystem-based fishery management is a strategy that emphasizes a comprehensive approach to fishery management in a way that benefits humans in many ways, such as fishing for food or recreation or for breeding new fish stocks.
This strategy is crucial for monitoring the effects of human involvement in the fisheries environment and for figuring out how to establish a stable balance between the two without endangering the latter.
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as a result of rotation about six of its bonds, dna can exist in a variety of forms. determine whether each of the following images and properties describes the a form, b form, or z form of dna.
As a result of rotation about 6 of its bonds, DNA exists in a A form.
All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as various viruses contain deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA. DNA is an organic molecule with a complex molecular structure. DNA encodes genetic information that is used to transmit inherited traits.
With the aid of the work of biophysicists Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered that the structure of DNA is a double-helix polymer, a spiral made up of two DNA strands twisted around one another. Scientists' understanding of DNA replication and the genetic control of biological processes has significantly increased as a result of the discovery. polynucleotide chain of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) .DNA is made up of long chains of monomer nucleotides that are called deoxyribonucleic acid polynucleotide chains (DNA).
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a translation of most proteins. b increased synthesis of chaperones. c decreased proteasome activity. d all of the above.
The unfolded protein response involves increased synthesis of chaperones. So option (b) is the correct answer.
Chaperones are a group of functionally related proteins that support intracellular protein folding under physiological and stress conditions. They share the ability to recognize and bind non-natural proteins, preventing non-specific aggregation.
Chaperones are a family of proteins that play an important role in stabilizing unfolded proteins. This stabilization aids in many processes such as translocation, disassembly and folding.
When a male examiner performs an intimate examination or procedure on a female patient, a chaperone is most often needed or required, but the appointment of a chaperone indicates whether they are participating in the procedure or playing a supportive role. Whether or not they play depends on the role expected of them. that's all.
Complete question:
The unfolded protein response involves
a. translation of most proteins.
b. increased synthesis of chaperones.
c. decreased proteasome activity.
d. all of the above.
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an experimental animal has the bhlh family members snail1 and snail2 knocked out. what effect would this have on neural development?
G protein would constantly be in motion. G proteins are a family of proteins that serve as molecular switches within cells, they are engaged in the transfer of signals from the outside of the cell to its interior.
G proteins are trimers made up of three distinct subunits that activate adenylyl cyclase. Alpha, beta, and gamma subunits are the names of these. Gs is the name of the nucleotide-binding site on the alpha subunit. Adenylyl cyclase is activated when GTP binds to Gs, activating it in turn. When GDP binds to the nucleotide-binding site of G-protein, it becomes inactive.
When a signalling molecule like adrenaline binds, it makes it easier for GTP to replace the bound GDP and change the Gs into its active form. The beta and gamma Gs subunits separate from the alpha subunit as Gs is activated. Adenylyl cyclase is then activated by the Gs after it has bound GTP and its alpha subunit.
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How do you find the solution on a graph?.
The steps to solve the graph is defined below.
Graph:
Graph is the pictorial representation of data.
Given,
Here we need to define the steps to solve the graph.
In order to solve the graph, we have to perform the following steps,
For example, if we draw the graph for the line equation, then we have to do the following,
Step 1: Find the slope and the y-intercept of the line using the given points
Step 2: Label the Graph and plot the intercept
Step 3: Now, find another point on the line using the slope.
Step 4: Draw a line that passes through the points And label it for the reference
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these type of membrane proteins are shaped like tubes snd form a channel through their the cell membrane.
a.transport proteins
b.receptor proteins
c.marker proteins
Answer:transport
Explanation:
The membrane proteins that are shaped like tubes and form a channel through the cell membrane are: (a) transport proteins.
Cell membrane is the outer layer of the cell that protects it and separates from the outer environment. The plasma membrane is a quasi-fluid structure that is made up of lipid bilayer along with proteins, cholesterol and also carbohydrates.
Transport proteins are the transmembrane proteins that function to mediate the movement of molecules from one side of the cell to another. These proteins can either be passive or active. Also they might be open throughout or may open upon receiving some form of stimulus.
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In general, the skeleton of modern homo sapiens is more ____than archaic homo sapiens.
In general, the skeleton of modern homo sapiens is more gracile than archaic homo sapiens.
Who are archaic homo sapiens?Both during the Pleistocene era and the time of the earliest humans, archaic homo sapiens lived. Compared to modern homo sapiens, they had a different body type and shape. Compared to the homo sapiens of the past, modern homo sapiens have softer bones. Compared to modern homo sapiens, the skeleton of the archaic homo sapiens is more durable. Because they were designed to survive in more extreme conditions, their structures are harder and wider. Archaic Homo sapiens had larger skulls than modern Homo sapiens; in addition, their shoulders, limb structures, and legs were all built differently from those of modern Homo sapiens.
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g how is atp produced in mammalian cells under aerobic conditions?1. photophosphorylation 2. oxidative phosphorylation 3. substrate-level phosphorylation 4. phosphorolysis i. 2, 3 and 4 ii. 2 and 3 iii. 1 iv. 1 and 2 v.
Atp produced in mammalian cells under aerobic conditions of option 2 and 3 which are oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation
Electrons from NADH and FADH2 combine with O2 during oxidative phosphorylation, and the energy released from these oxidation/reduction reactions is used to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolic reaction that produces ATP or GTP by directly transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP or GDP. Transferring energy from a higher energy product (whether or not a phosphate group is attached) to a lower energy product.
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In selecting recombinant bacteria, cells are chosen that are resistant to a specific antibiotic. How are the bacteria made resistant?.
Answer:
The donor insert contains the antibiotic resistance gene's encoding. On the basis of this, they are already chosen for the trial.
Explanation:
Bacterial cells can develop antibiotic resistance in two different ways. One way is by way of mutations that take place in the cell's DNA during replication. Through horizontal gene transfer, bacteria can also develop resistance.
How does DNA Replication work?The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the complementary bases of DNA together (A with T, C with G). The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA. One oriented in the 3’ to 5’ direction, is the leading strand. The other oriented in the 5’ to 3’ direction is the lagging strand.
DNA polymerase binds to the leading strand and then ‘walks’ along it, adding new complementary nucleotide bases (A, C, G and T) to the strand of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Once all of the bases are matched up (A with T, C with G), an enzyme called exonuclease strips away the primer(s). The gaps where the primer(s) were are then filled by yet more complementary nucleotides. The new strand is proofread to make sure there are no mistakes in the new DNA sequence.
Finally, an enzyme called DNA ligase seals up the sequence of DNA into two continuous double strands.
Thanks.
Which one of the following choices increases blood alkalinity and influences blood pressure?.
Iron increases blood alkalinity and affects blood pressure
Iron is the essential trace of element in the blood. It helps your body make healthy red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the bloodstream. Too little or that too much iron also can cause health problems. Too little iron in the body can cause a condition called anemia. The normal range of values are:iron:60 to 170 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL) or 10.74 to 30.43 micromoles per liter (micromoles/L) Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC):240 to 450 mcg/dL or 42.96 to 80.55 micromoles/L. Your body regularly gets iron from the foods you eat. Not getting enough iron can cause your body to become iron deficient over time. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, green leafy vegetables, and iron-fortified foods.
Question seems incomplete the complete question is
Which of one the following choices cause increases blood alkalinity and the influences blood pressure
1.iron
2.nylon
3.zinc
4.cobalt
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2. what is the inheritance pattern of familial hypercholesterolemia? remember to cite your sources using apa style.
Inheritance. Familial hypercholesterolemia resulting from mutations in the LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 gene have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Autosomal dominant inheritance means one copy of an altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.
The connection between two variants of a gene is described as dominant. Every gene has two different variations, or alleles, that an individual inherits from each parent. One allele will be expressed when there are different alleles of a gene; this allele is the dominant gene. The influence of the other allele, known as the recessive one, is concealed. Inheritance is the term used to describe the possessions that a person leaves their loved ones after passing away. An inheritance might include money, securities like stocks or bonds, and other things including jewelry, cars, works of art, antiques, and real estate.
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Relate the concept of gross and net production to the concept of energy conversion.
There are a variety of mechanisms by which enzyme activity can be controlled. Match each example of enzyme regulation with the associated mechanism. Control by modulators Control by covalent modification Genetic control Answer Bank allosteric regulation phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase enzyme induction (synthesis) zymogen activation lactose stimulation of bacterial B-galactosidase feedback inhibition regulation of chymotrypsin
Each example of enzyme regulation with the associated mechanism is controlled by modulators for allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition.
Other substances that boost or lower an enzyme's activity can control the activity of an enzyme. The term "inhibitor" refers to a molecule that works to reduce an enzyme's activity while the term "activator" refers to a substance that works to raise it.
Analogs of substrates and those of transition states can approximately be used to categorize enzyme inhibitors. Both kinds of analogs do not interact with the enzyme, but instead, work to block it by battling it out for binding to the enzyme's active site with the substrate.
Thermostats, activators, pH levels, and inhibitors are only a few of the many variables that can control enzyme activity.
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What did feminist literary criticism focus on?.
The criticism is focused on relationship between women and men.
Feminist criticism focuses on how women and relationships between women and men have been portrayed in literature, highlighting the ways in which women have been marginalized and denied a voice in much of canonical literature as well as the ways in which literature reflects society's prevailing ideological presumptions about gender and power.
Reading like a literary critic is the most essential prerequisite for literary criticism. You must read carefully to ensure that you comprehend the subject and the material, as well as to spot any literary devices and try to decipher the author's intentions and motivations behind each line. Despite the fact that taking notes while you read is a challenging habit to develop, it is beneficial.
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which of the following are principles of the chromosome theory of inheritance? multiple select question. the nucleus of a diploid cell contains homologous pairs of chromosomes. the dna in chromosomes is wound around proteins to form nucleosomes, which are further coiled and compacted. during meiosis, the homologous pairs segregate independently and haploid gametes are produced. genes are found in the chromosomes. gametes are haploid cells that combine to form a diploid cell during fertilization. chromosomes are replicated and passed from parent to offspring and from cell to cell. need help? review these concept resources.
Mendel's rules are supported by the chromosomal theory of inheritance. The homologous chromosome pairs travel apart from other pairs of chromosomes during the cell division process known as meiosis.
Chromosomes, a structure like a thread made of nucleic acids and proteins and found inside the nucleus of live cells, are primarily responsible for transporting genetic material in the form of genes. Boeri and Sutton presented the chromosomal hypothesis of inheritance in the early 1900s. It is the underlying concept of genetics.It is the underlying concept of genetics. This hypothesis contends that genes, which are located in chromosomes, are the basic building blocks of inheritance. Long after Mendelian genetics, the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance emerged.
Long after Mendelian genetics, the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance emerged. The society at the time of Mendel's experiments was resistant to such radical shifts in its scientific beliefs. Given their belief in the ongoing changes resulting in evolution, they could not accept the presence of such discrete components as genes that would segregate without mixing. Additionally, there were inadequate communication tools available at the time, which prevented the general public from receiving the information. Additionally, Mendel's use of mathematics to demonstrate biological laws was improper.To know more about chromosomal theory
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Answer:
- Genes are found in the chromosomes.
- The nucleus of a diploid cell contains homologous pairs of chromosomes.
- Chromosomes are replicated and passed from parent to offspring and from cell to cell.
- Gametes are haploid cells that combine to form a diploid cell during fertilization.
- During meiosis, the homologous pairs segregate independently and haploid gametes are produced.
Explanation:
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an investigation into the link between the frequency of flossing and periodontal disease is called:
A correlational study is one that looks at the frequency of flossing and periodontal disease.
What is a correlational study?A correlational study is a type of research design in which the relationships between two or more variables are investigated. Correlational studies are non-experimental, which means that no variables are manipulated or controlled by the experimenter. A correlation is a relationship that exists between two variables. Correlations can be positive or negative, strong or weak. There are times when there is no correlation. A correlation study can produce three results: a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or no correlation. The correlation coefficient is a numerical value that researchers can use to present their findings.
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the reason why some individuals who inherit polydactyly (having an extra digit on the hand or feet) do not express the trait is due to
Incomplete penetrance is the cause of some inheritors of polydactyly failing to express the trait.
Polydactyly: What is it?A baby who has polydactyly is born with one or more extra fingers. The condition is widespread and frequently runs in families. Typically, the extra fingers are small and have abnormal growth patterns. Among the most prevalent hand abnormalities that are congenitally present at birth is polydactyly.
Having extra fingers or toes is referred to medically as polydactyly. The term "hyperdactyly" may also be used to describe it. The hands and feet of newborns are among the most typical areas affected by birth defects. Congenital hand differences include polydactyly, which results in additional fingers developing on your child's hand.
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how does a virus differ from a bacterium? select all that apply. how does a virus differ from a bacterium?select all that apply. a virus, unlike a bacterium, lacks a genome. viruses, unlike bacteria, lack metabolic enzymes. viruses are two-dimensional, whereas bacteria are three-dimensional.
Viruses differ from bacteria in that they lack metabolic enzymes.
What is a virus?Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that can replicate only within the living cells of an organism. They infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, even bacteria and archaea. They are unique in that they can live and reproduce only within the cells of other organisms. The cells in which they reproduce are called host cells.
The virus has:
A genetic material core, either DNA or RNAIt is surrounded by a protective shell made of proteins called capsids.The capsid may be surrounded by an additional spiny coat called the envelope.Viruses can attach to and enter host cells.T o know more about viruses, visit:
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How does denaturation change the reaction rate (speed)?
The process of denaturation in proteins changes the reaction rate because it leads to the modification of the tridimensional structure of the enzyme, thereby altering its physicochemical properties to bind a substrate.
What is the process of denaturation in proteins?The process of denaturation in proteins refers to modification in the conditions of the environment such as an increase in temperature which leads to a conformational change in the molecular structure of the protein and its folding.
This phenomenon (denaturation in proteins) may lead to a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme since it may modify its active site which the enzyme uses to bind to a given substrate.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of denaturation in proteins may lead to a decrease in the reaction rate due to modification in the ability of the enzyme to bind a substrate.
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Which of the following statements is true concerning membrane fluidity? decreased fatty acid side chain length and decreased temperature decrease membrane fluidity increased fatty acid side chain length and decreased temperature decrease membrane fluidity increased fatty acid side chain length and increased temperature decrease membrane fluidity decreased fatty acid side chain length and increased temperature decrease membrane fluidity
The statement increased fatty acid side chain length and decreased temperature decrease membrane fluidity is true concerning membrane fluidity (Option B).
What is membrane fluidity?Membrane fluidity refers to all types of factors that increase the movement of components inside one layer of the plasma membrane, which is mainly associated with the temperature of the surrounding cell media and also with the length of the fatty acids that form lipids.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that membrane fluidity is affected by the temperature and length of the fatty acids that compose the phospholipids.
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A chemical company produced a genetically engineered potato called the New Leaf Superior. This plant produces a chemical
that repels insects that might eat the plant. The offspring of the plant will also produce the chemical. What is the most likely,
possible, disadvantage of growing this type of potato?
a
Resistance developed to the chemical by harmful insects.
b
Significantly decreased harvest production of the potatoes.
c
Increased bioluminescence/attraction to fireflies.
d
Decreased nutrient composition in crops.
Answer: a
Explanation:
if a cell were to contain 100% non-functional mitochondria, what would be the net atp yield that would be produced from 1 mole of glucose?
The net ATP yield that would be produced from 1 mole of glucose when the cell contains 100% non-functional mitochondria is -2mole ATP.
The majority of the chemical energy required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a tiny molecule, serves as a storage container for the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria using glucose as a fuel during respiration.
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At least ________ ml of urine is usually needed for testing, depending on the test ordered.
Urine drug tests generally require a minimum of 30 mL of urine (depending on kit type) collected in a private bathroom. In the authors' experience, sample collection often goes unnoticed in clinical practice.
Collect at least 10 mL of urine. We tried to standardize the volume of urine used for urinalysis. This is impossible to do if collecting samples ranging from 0.5ml (too little to do anything useful) to 100ml. Also, we need a minimum of 10 ml of urine for electrophoresis. To perform a urine culture, at least 3 ml is required. Twenty milliliters is needed for routine urine studies. The nurse has instructed a patient on the procedure for obtaining a midstream urine sample. The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is 800 to 2,000 milliliters per day (with a normal fluid intake of approximately 2 liters per day). The examples above are common measures for the results of these tests. Normal value ranges may vary slightly between different laboratories.
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What is the importance of cilia?.
the amount of energy found in the snail in terrarium 1 was determined to be 358 kilocalories. explain why the number of kilocalories in the plant matter would be estimated to be 3,500 kilocalories.
As we know the flow energy from trophic levels is only 10% of the net energy transferred from one trophic level to another. So, if a snail has 358 calories, then the plant stores energy of 3580 kilocalories or about 3500 calories.
Plants are the main producers in trophic levels. This means that plants produce and synthesize their food. Snails at the trophic level are the main consumers. Hence, slugs are at the second trophic level.
We know that only 10% of the net energy is transferred from one tropic level to another. So, if the amount of energy possessed by a snail is 358 kilocalories.
So, 10% of (plant energy) = 358 kilocalories
Plant energy = 358 kilocalories*100/10 = 3580 kilocalories or about 3500 kilocalories.
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an unusual cirvulation mechanism when veins, instead of arteries, supply blood to the capillary bed is found inlyt in a few places in the body and is called circulation
Portal circulation is a unique form of circulation that occurs at a few locations across the body when veins instead of arteries provide blood to the capillary bed.
Micro circulation is the movement of blood over a capillary bed from an arteriole to a venule. To allow for the exchange of nutrients and other biological components between the blood through circulation and the surrounding tissue, blood flow in the capillaries slows down. Only a single red blood cell may get through without deforming.
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Help me! Pretty please with a cherry on top?!
How do membrane bound organelles like mitochondria interact with the cytoskeleton?
Answer: They form dynamic contacts with each other to exchange molecules and regulate organelle division and positioning in coordination with the cytoskeleton
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!!
Organelles that are membrane-bound create dynamic interactions with one another to exchange molecules and control organelle placement and division in concert with the cytoskeleton.
What is a cytoskeleton?It is generally known that mitochondrial-cytoskeletal interactions play a part in mitochondrial mobility. Recent research suggests that these interactions control the equilibrium of mitochondrial fission/fusion, mitochondrial turnover, and mitochondrial inheritance during cell division.
The cytoskeleton's protein filaments act as "tracks," allowing organelles to move about the cell.
In multicellular organisms, the cytoskeleton can move the entire cell by moving itself in addition to aiding intracellular organelle movement.
Therefore, by creating dynamic interactions with one another mitochondria interact with the cytoskeleton.
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a particular trait is determined by a single gene. if there are 3 possible alleles, then how many different genotypes are there?
Six distinct genotypes are conceivable because there are three different alleles.
Even though there are three alleles in a population, each person only receives two of them from their parents. The genotypes and phenotypes shown below are the outcome of this. Consider that there are six different genotypes when three alleles are present.
There are, however, some situations in the population when there are more than two choices (alleles) present. These situations, where several variants of the same gene occur in the population, are known as "multiple alleles."
Multiple alleles are these three or more variations for the same gene.
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evidence indicating that orrorin tugenensis was bipedal comes mainly from which part of the skeleton? group of answer choices femur (thigh bone) skull foot pelvis
The most significant relic of this species is an upper femur that reveals indications of bone development characteristic of a biped, indicating that Orrorin tugenensis individuals likely walked erect on two legs while simultaneously climbing trees.
Australopiths were completely upright bipeds with femur bones that show indications of selection for walking on two feet on the ground. They also lacked traits found in other biped primates that would femur have helped them climb trees, such a grasping foot .
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when the atp breaks down, one of the phosphate groups splits away from the atp molecule and releases energy for cells. this leaves a molecule with just adenosine and phosphate groups.
When a cell needs to expend energy to perform a task, an ATP molecule cleaves off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + phosphate. The energy held by this phosphate molecule is released and made available to the cell.
What do you mean by ATP and its function?Adenosine triphosphate, abbreviated ATP, is an important "energy molecule" found in all life forms. Specifically, it is a coenzyme that works with enzymes such as ATP Triphosphatase to transfer energy to the cell by releasing a phosphate group. Normally only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy. When this happens, ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This is the form of nucleotide with only two phosphates.ATP can power cellular processes by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule, a process called phosphorylation.What products are formed when ATP is hydrolyzed?ATP hydrolysis is an exergonic process in which, ADP (adenosine diphosphate), Pi (inorganic phosphate) and energy are produced. In some cases, ADP undergoes further hydrolysis to produce AMP (adenosine monophosphate) and Pi.
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