given the table below that shows student's examples of proposed models of the atom: which model correctly describes the locations of protons and electrons in the wave-mechanical model of the atom?

The reaction has a low activation energy and mostly of the reactants are converted into products hence the reaction tends to occur in the forward direction

2) The rate of the reverse reaction is too small compared to  the rate of the forward reaction.

The term reaction has to do with the interaction that occurs between the reactants and the products. Thus as the reactants interacts, a new substance is formed and then we have new substances and they are called  the products. Looking at the reaction as it is written in question (1), we can see that the there is a complete and total interaction that occurs as all the reactants are converted into products. Given the fact that all the reactants are converted into products, the reactions can only proceed forward.

In this reaction, we can see from the equation that the reaction is reversible. This means that the reaction is able to occur in both directions; forward and backwards. This reactions proceeds mostly forward hence the rate of reverse reaction is infinitesimal compared to the rate of the forward reaction.

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melting of gold, burning of magnesium, and water evaporation.

One instance of a physical change is melting. A physical change is when a sample of matter experiences a change in some of its qualities but not in its identity. Water turns into water vapor when it is heated.

Physical changes, such as melting, evaporation, and condensation, are different from those that result in the synthesis of new materials through chemical reactions.

Magnesium reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas, which, when exposed to the intense heat and oxygen present in air, ignites explosively. When it reacts, the heat generated causes the water molecule to shrink and transform into hydrogen gas.

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The diode is forward-biased. The acceptor concentration on the p-side is [tex]N_{A}[/tex] = 10¹⁶ cm⁻³. The donor concentration on the n-side is [tex]N_{D}[/tex] = 10¹⁴ cm⁻³.  The intrinsic carrier concentration is [tex]n_{i}[/tex] = 3.16×10¹¹ cm⁻³. Yes, the low-level injection condition applies. The bias (in volts) applied to the diode is [tex]V_{A}[/tex] = 0.18V.

The diode is forward-biased because of the excess electrons on the P-side and the excess holes on the N-side. In the intrinsic carrier concentration on the P-side n₀p₀ = 10¹⁶ × 10⁷ = 10²³ = [tex]n_{i}[/tex] = √10²³ = 3.16×10¹¹ cm⁻³, while on the N-side n₀p₀ = 10¹⁴×10⁹ = [tex]n_{i}[/tex] = √10²³ = 3.16×10¹¹. The low-level injection applies on the P-side as Δn(-[tex]x_{p}[/tex]) = 10¹⁰ << p₀ and on the N-side Δp([tex]x_{n}[/tex])=10¹² << n₀ = 10¹⁴.

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Answer:

All forms of hydroxides

Explanation:

The metals in Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) are called alkali metals because they all form hydroxides (such as NaOH) that were once known as alkalies. The electron configurations of the alkali metals are characterized by a single valence electron.

The kind of light absorbed by greenhouse gases that causes the warming of the atmosphere is infrared light.

Global warming refers to the increase in the average global temperature as a result of an increased amount of absorbed infrared light by greenhouse gases.

Greenhouse gases are gases that form a blanket layer in the atmosphere and prevent reflected low-energy infrared light from the sun from returning back to space. By absorbing this light, greenhouse gases are able to keep the earth warm.

However, as the concentration of greenhouse gases keeps increasing in the atmosphere, so is the amount of infrared light absorbed. Consequently, the atmosphere keeps getting warmer. The more the concentration of the gases increases, the more the temperature.

This is what is currently causing global warming.

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The correct answer to the statement " when mountains and water combine, do you expect volcanos, trenches, mountain ranges, shallow or deep earthquakes " is yes, it does happen.

The simple reason why the activities in the task above results including volcanoes is simply because of the cracks opened in the floor of ocean when two different plate spreads. When this happens, it causes volcanoes to occur.

A volcano refers to a mountain with fragments of rocks.

So therefore, from the explanation given above, it can be deduced that activities like volcanoes erupt when the ocean combine with mountains.

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The amount of oxygen produced by the reaction of 6.54g of ammonium perchlorate is 2.228g.

The chemical reaction for this will be:

4NH4ClO4 → 5O2 + 6H2O + 2N2 + 4HCl

We know:

'6.54' grams is mass of ammonium perchlorate  and '117.49' g/mol is molar mass of ammonium perchlorate

Now, we  can calculate moles by:

Moles NH4ClO4 =  mass NH4ClO4 / molar mass NH4ClO4

Moles NH4ClO4 = 6.54 grams / 117.49 g/mol

this give 0.0557 moles of NH4ClO4

After this we will calculate the moles of O2 produced similarly:

For 4 moles of ammonium perchlorate consumed, 5 moles of O2 is produced, in addition to 6 moles of  H2O, 2 moles of  N2 and 4 moles of HCl.

For 0.0696 moles NH4ClO4; we get 5/4 * 0.0557 = 0.0696 moles of O2

And Finally we can calculate the mass of oxygen produced:

Mass of oxygen  = moles of O2 * molar mass of O2

Mass of oxygen = 0.0696 moles * 32 g/mol

Mass of oxygen  = 2.228 grams

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As we move across period 3 the number of delocalized electrons per metal atom increases and the radius of the elements decreases. This means the melting point increases.

What is melting point and boiling point ?

The temperature at which molecules in a solid can pass one another and transform into liquids is known as the melting point. On the other hand, liquids and gases are involved in the boiling point. Some molecules at the liquid's surface are escaping as the molecules move around.

The three metals' melting and boiling points rise as a result of the strengthening of their metallic connections. Each atom can contribute an increasing quantity of electrons to the delocalized "sea of electrons." As you get from sodium to magnesium to aluminum, the atoms also get smaller and have more protons.

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The covalent bonding allows atoms in group 16 of the periodic table to satisfy the octet rule is two share 2 electrons of another atom to complete 8 electrons.

According to octet rule , an atom loose , gain , or share electrons to complete their 8 valence electron and achieve stability. Covalent bond is formed when two electrons share their valence electrons to satisfy the octet rule. group 16 elements have 6 valence electrons and they need 2 electrons to complete their octet.

Thus, The covalent bonding allows atoms in group 16 of the periodic table to satisfy the octet rule is two share 2 electrons of another atom to complete 8 electrons.

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Explanation:

The 18th-century chemist Antoine Lavoisier and his wife Marie-Anne put fruit into a glass container, and then they sealed it. After weighing the fruit and container, they left it in a warm place for a few days. The fruit decayed, and there was condensation inside the glass and gas in the container. Lavoisier and his wife weighed the decayed fruit and the container again. The weight was the same. What scientific principle did the Lavoisier's experiment support?

AlCl3 is the answer.

As strong acid-strong base salts, NaCl and MgCl2 are both neutral.

Since NH4Cl is a weak base-strong acid salt, it is also acidic. AlCl3 is, nevertheless, a stronger acid than NH4Cl.

Neither acids nor bases can be found in neutral substances. Accordingly, neutral substances have an equal number of these ions. An acid has hydrogen ions, a base has hydroxyl ions, etc. Water is the most typical example of a neutral substance. Both acidic and basic properties are absent from water.

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Carbonated water is used makes sprite a substitute for egg in baking

Carbonated water can add moisture to recipes, but it also works as a great leavening agent

What is carbonated water ?

Carbonated water (soda water, bottled water, sparkling water, club soda, gassed water, also known as bottled water in many places, especially in the United States as seltzer or seltzer water) contains dissolved carbon dioxide. It is also water containing gas. It is artificially injected under pressure or occurs by natural geological processes. Carbonation creates tiny bubbles, giving the water a carbonation quality. Common forms include sparkling natural mineral water, club soda, and commercial sparkling water.

Carbonated water can add moisture to recipes, but it also works as a great leavening agent. Carbonation traps air bubbles and makes the finished product light and fluffy. You can substitute 60 grams of sparkling water per egg. This alternative is great for cakes, cupcakes and quick breads

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Answer:

I presume you are talking about Nitric Oxide so the molar mass of NO is 30g/mol 30 g / m o l.

Then you should substitute the respective values from the formula above.

Doing that the mass of NO formed is 4.413 g or just 4.4 grams.

The impedance of an AC circuit with 10 ohm resistor, 12 ohm inductive reactance and 7 ohm capacitive reactance is 11.2 ohm.

What is impedance?

Impedance is the resistance of a circuit to AC which is caused by the combining effects of ohmic resistance and reactance. It is represented by the symbol Z and its unit is ohm. It is a measure of opposition to electric flow.

The impedance of an AC circuit can be calculated by,

Z = [(R^2) + (XL - XC)^2]^1/2

where R = resistance, XL = inductive reactance, XC = capacitive reactance

Z = [(10^2) + (12 - 7)^2]^1/2 = (100 + 25)^1/2 = 11.2 ohm.

Therefore, the impedance of an AC circuit with 10 Ohm resistor, 12 ohm inductive reactance and 7 ohm capacitive reactance is 11.2 ohm.

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Since the start of the industrial revolution more than 200 years ago, human activity has led to an increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). The pH of the ocean's surface waters has decreased by 0.1 pH units throughout this time.

A significant and swift transition in an economy (as in late-18th-century England) signaled by the widespread adoption of power-driven machinery or by a significant shift in the prevalent forms and applications of such machinery.

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1.81 liters of carbon dioxide are produced when 5.00 grams of hydrogen bicarbonate breaks down.

Mass of hydrogen bicarbonate (H₂CO₃) = 5.00 g

Molar mass of hydrogen bicarbonate = 62 g/mol

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44.01 g/mol

Density of CO₂ = 1.97 g / L

Temperature = 25 0C

Pressure = 1.24 atm

Volume of CO₂ = ?

Write the balanced chemical equation

    H₂CO₃ →  CO₂ + H₂O

The molar ratio of hydrogen bicarbonate to carbon dioxide is 1 : 1

It means that when one mole of hydrogen bicarbonate decomposes it will produce one mole of carbon dioxide

Now we will find out the number of moles of hydrogen bicarbonate

    number of moles = mass / molar mass

    number of moles of H₂CO₃ = 5.00 g / 62 g/mol

    number of moles of H₂CO₃ = 0.081 mol

Number of moles of H₂CO₃ = number of moles of CO₂

Hence the number of moles of CO₂ = 0.081 mol

Now find out the mass of CO₂

    mass = number of moles × molar mass

    mass of CO₂ = 0.081 mol × 44.01 g/mol

    mass of CO₂ = 3.565 g

Convert mass to volume

    volume = mass / density

    V of CO₂ = 3.565 g / 1.97 g / L

    V of CO₂ = 1.81 L

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The volume of a 2.0 m solution of NaOH needed to prepare 494.4 ml of a 0.15 m solution of NaOH is 37.08 ml.

Dilution is defined as the process in which the concentration of a sample is decreased by adding more solvent. The dilution formula is given below.

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

where C₁ = initial concentration of sample = 2.0 m

V₁ = initial volume of sample

C₂ = final concentration after dilution = 0.15 m

V₂ = total final volume after dilution = 494.4 ml

Plug in the values to the formula and solve for the volume of the solution needed.

V₁ = C₂V₂/C₁

V₁ = (0.15 m)(494.4 ml)/(2.0 m)

V₁ = 37.08 ml

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Answer:

There will be the formation of a Common salt (NaCl) and Mg(OH)2 which is a base after the reaction between the two chemicals

Option A, In the polysaccharide cellulose, large numbers of monosaccharides are linked together through glycosidic linkages.

The most prevalent carbohydrates in nature are polysaccharides, which have several uses including energy storage and inclusion in plant cell walls. Large polymers known as polysaccharides are created by joining tens to thousands of monosaccharides together via glycosidic connections. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are the three polysaccharides that are most prevalent. Because each of these three produces only one kind of monosaccharide (glucose) after full hydrolysis, they are collectively known as homopolymers. In addition to monosaccharides, heteropolymers may also contain sugar acids, amino sugars, or noncarbohydrate compounds. Non-reducing carbohydrates known as polysaccharides lack the sweetness and do not mutate.

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Sleet ,freezing of raindrops, snowflakes Precipitation

are 4 non examples of condensation .

What is condensation ?

Condensation, the separation of a liquid or solid from a vapor, generally occurs on surfaces that are cooler than the adjacent gas. A substance condenses when the pressure exerted by that vapor exceeds the vapor pressure of the substance's liquid or solid phase at the temperature of the surface on which condensation is occurring. As the steam condenses, heat is released. If this heat is not removed, the surface temperature will rise until it matches the surrounding steam.

If the air does not contain small particles, so-called aerosols, condensation will only occur if the air is extremely supersaturated with water vapor.

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Option 4. nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silica) are non-conservative properties of a deep water mass.

The non-conservative factors like phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), and carbon (C) or dissolved inorganic carbon found in seawater are chemically or biologically reactive. Conservative elements have longer residence instances. that is the purpose these factors make up the majority of the sea's dissolved materials.

Sodium and chloride are nonconservative constituents of seawater. Non-conservative pollutants approach pollutants that are presumed to be destroyed, biodegraded, chemically converted, or volatilized within the POTW to some diploma.

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the concentration of Na after the two solutions are mixed together is 0.662 M.

1. Volume of Na2CrO4 = 132.4 ml = 0.1324 L.

2. Concentration of Na2CrO4 = 2.50 M

3. Volume of AgNO3 = 125 ml = 0.125 L

4.  Concentration of AgNO3 = 2.50 M.

Calculation :-

1. Moles of Na2CrO4 =  Molarity * Volume in L.

Moles of Na2CrO4= 2.50 * 0.1324 = 0.331 mol

2. Moles of AgNO3 = Molarity * volume in L

Moles of AgNO3 = 2.50 * 0.125 = 0.3125 mol

Solution :

the reaction of aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) with aqueous sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) to form solid silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) and aqueous sodium nitrate (NaNO3).

2 AgNO3(aq) + Na2CrO4 (aq) \rightarrow Ag2CrO4(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq).

Above balanced reaction shows that,

2 moles of AgNO3 reacts with 1 mol Na2CrO4.

Let,  0.3125 mol AgNO3 reacts with x mol Na2CrO4.

x = 0.3125 / 2

x = 0.1563 mol Na2CrO4.

Now,

1. Balanced reaction shows that,

2 mol AgNO3 forms 2 mol NaNO3.

So, 0.3125 mol AgNO3 forms 0.3125 mol NaNO3.

So,  moles of NaNO3 = 0.3125 mol.

As 1 molecule of NaNO3 gives 1 Na^+ ion.

0.3125 mol NaNO3 gives 0.3125 mol Na^+ ions...... A

Aslo,

2. remaining moles of Na2CrO4 = total moles - used moles

Remaining moles of Na2CrO4 = 0.331 - 0.1563 = 0.1748 mol.

1 molecule of Na2CrO4 gives 2 Na^+ ions.

So, 0.1748 moles of Na^2+ ions gives 0.3496 mol Na^+ ions............ B

3.So, total moles of Na^+ ions= 0.3496 + 0.3125......(from A and B)

Total moles of Na^+ ions = 0.662 mol.

So, concentration of Na^+ ions = 0.662 M.

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Iron bromide will form principate during the reaction.

When cations as well as anions in an aqueous solution combine to generate a precipitate, an insoluble solid, precipitation processes take place.

When target ion concentrations were identical, the ion that forms the poorest soluble compound would precipitate initially (at the lowest counter ion concentration), followed by the other ions as when the solubilities of respective compounds are attained.

When fe2(co3)3 reacts with mgbr2 then it will form iron bromide and magnesium carbonate.

Its chemical reaction can be written as:

[tex]Fe_{2}CO_{3} +MgBr_{2}[/tex] →[tex]FeBr_{3} +MgCO_{3}[/tex]

Here, magnesium carbonate will form ppt because it it will be a insoluble.

That's why it can be said that it will form ppt during the reaction.

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Strong bases and weak acids in salts do hydrolyze, raising the pH level over 7. The anion in salt comes from a weak anion.

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An amino acid with a carboxylic acid group is glutamic acid. This sends forth a bad vibe. Additionally carrying a negative charge are the phosphate groups that are added to a protein during phosphorylation.

An iron binder called nitrous acids is used to treat potentially fatal acute cyanide poisoning. To treat arsenic poisoning, silver nitrate solution is combined intravenously with hydrazine hydrate (as sodium nitrite).

Nitrous acid is an unstable, barely acidic substance. It is a nitrogen oxoacid. It is made by treating nitrite salt and mineral acid to make it acidic. Oxidant and nitrous gas are combined to create nitrous acid, which contains less oxygen than nitric acid.

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Answer:

the missing component is the option (a) electron

Explanation:

this is a nuclear decay of Th which resulted in the emission of alpha particles, equivalent to high speed electrons.

The pressure inside the vessel at temperature of 35 degree Celsius is 0.51atm.

According to the ideal gas equation,

PV = nRT

Where,

P is the pressure of the vessel,

V is the volume of the vessel which is 2.9 L in this case,

n is the number of moles of gas,

R is the gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas.

n = 2.6/44

R = 0.082 m³-atm/kmol-K

Temperature = (35+273) K.

Temperature = 308° K

Putting the values,

P = 2.6/44 x 0.082 x 308/2.9

P = 0.51 atm.

The pressure of the vessel is 0.51 atm.

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If you compare 1 M Nacl solution, 1M glucose solution and 1M sucrose solution,1M Nacl solution is more hypertonic due to the dissociation of ions in the solution.

Of the two solutions the solution with higher osmotic pressure is called hypertonic. The extra pressure developed on the solution side due to the diffusion of solvent from its high amount through a semipermeable membrane is called the osmotic pressure.

    Osmotic pressure= icRT

     Where, i= van't hoff factor

                  c= concentration

                   R=Gas constant

                   t= temperature

The extent of dissociation or association of a solute in solution is expressed in terms of the van't hoff factor.

In 1M Nacl, as Nacl dissociates into ions in the solution its van't hoff factor becomes 2. In  1 M glucose it doesn't dissociate into ions. So van't hoff factor remains 1. And In 1 M sucrose,as  it does not dissociate into ions van't hoff factor  remains 1. So here Nacl has more osmotic pressure.

So, Nacl is hypertonic because of its dissociation into ions in the solution.

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Assume at the end of step b in “The Copper Cycle” experiment, we had only solid product b and water. Considering the reactions after that, the ions present in the water before the rinsing and decanting are: copper (II) ions and hydroxide ions.

The copper cycle experiment aims to perform a series of reactions that regenerate elemental copper at the end of the copper cycle. In this cycle, the reaction series includes single replacement, double replacement, synthesis, and decomposition reactions.

In step b, the ions that exist in the water are copper (II) and hydroxide ions which are stated as: [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 2OH- --> Cu(OH)2(s) + 6H2O(l).

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