HELP ASAP GIVING BRAINLIST!!!!! can u not copy it and write it from your own words because the teachers know if u copy from another site

write a cause and effect essay explaining the connections between major events in Europe between 300 and 1200. be sure to include at least three events relating to each of the following topics

early Christianity
decline and fall of the roman empire
development of the Byzantine Empire
Charlemagne's empire
Viking invasions
feudal Europe

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

A cause-and-effect essay is based on defining a cause and its effects. These causes could either be negative or positive. Similarly, they are also known as result essays. However, there are certain things that all school students need to keep in mind for understanding cause-and-effect essay writing.

For example, whenever you face a stressful situation, it will make you sad. Similarly, joyous occasions will make you happy. This example might be simple. But, it will help you understand the connection that is between a situation and a person.

Thus, It is a twofold relationship as both the cause and the effect are dependent on each other. Moreover, causes may have widespread effects that could affect everyone, including humans.

As per the cause-and-effect essay definition,

“It is an essay that examines a reason (cause) and its consequences (effect). However, the reason could be an event, action, or decision made”.

To understand this type of essay better, consider the following example:

Cause: Social injustice is rife in the African States.

Effect: Social protests and freedom rallies are excessively occurring in Africa.

The following ways will help you arrange the cause and its effects in your essays.

Sequential Order

Reverse Sequential Order

It is not necessary to always work in a sequence when discussing causes and effects. Instead, you can start from the main effect as well.

Also, consider the below questions to evaluate the effectiveness of a cause-and-effect essay.

What are the causes and effects?

What elements should be emphasized?

Are there single or multiple effects and causes?

How to list causes and effects in an essay?

Answer 2
The new European civilization was formed by the coming together of three major elements: the Germanic tribes, the Roman legacy, and the Christian church

Related Questions

Who is the most influential Muslim and why?

Answers

       Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani is the Emir of Qatar. He is the fourth son of the previous Emir, Hamad bin Khalifa. He has been the ruler of Qatar since 2013 when his father abdicated the throne. Tamim had been the heir apparent since 2003 when his older brother Sheikh Jassim renounced his claim to the throne.    

        Sheikh Hamad has three wives and twenty-four children, eleven sons and thirteen daughters: Hamad's first wife is his first cousin, Sheikha Mariam bint Muhammad Al Thani, the daughter of his paternal uncle, Sheikh Muhammad bin Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani.

Answer:

Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani is the Emir of Qatar. He is the fourth son of the previous Emir, Hamad bin Khalifa. He has been the ruler of Qatar since 2013 when his father abdicated the throne. Tamim had been the heir apparent since 2003 when his older brother Sheikh Jassim renounced his claim to the throne.             Sheikh Hamad has three wives and twenty-four children, eleven sons and thirteen daughters: Hamad's first wife is his first cousin, Sheikha Mariam bint Muhammad Al Thani, the daughter of his paternal uncle, Sheikh Muhammad bin Hamad bin Abdullah Al Thani.

Explanation:

PLEASE HELP ME!!!!!
How did the War of 1812 affect the Federalists and the war hawks?

The Federalists lost respect and the war hawks were the big winners.

The war hawks lost respect and the Federalists were the big winners.

The war hawks and the federalists came out on top.

The war hawks and the federalists both lost respect.

Answers

The federalists lost respect and the war hawks were the big winners

Answer:

I'm pretty sure it's the second one.

Explanation:

The war hawks lost respect and the Federalists were the big winners.

Question 1 (1 point)

Six million Jewish people were murdered






Question 1 options:

True

False

Question 2 (1 point)

Nazis believed that the Germans belonged to a race that was inferior to all others.




Question 2 options:

True

False

Question 3 (1 point)

The Final Solution was the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe.


Question 3 options:

True

False

Question 4 (1 point)

In 1933 the population of Jewish people in Europe was 9 million.


Question 4 options:

True

False

Question 5 (1 point)

2/3 of the European Jewish population was murdered by the end of the war in 1945.


Question 5 options:

True

False

Question 6 (1 point)

How many people with physical and mental disabilities did the Nazi government murder between 1939 and 1945?




Question 6 options:


150.000



250,000



350,000



400.000


Question 7 (1 point)

In what year did Nazis start using stationary gas chambers to murder people?




Question 7 options:


1939



1940



1941



1942


Question 8 (1 point)

Which of the following were major extermination camps?


Question 8 options:


Belzec



Treblinka



Auschwitz-Birkenau



All of the above


Question 9 (1 point)

How did most forced laborers or workers die during the Holocaust?


Question 9 options:


starvation and disease



starvation and broken bones



disease and food poisoning



broken bones and food poisoning


Question 10 (1 point)

Nazis had Death Marches during the final months of the war in order to escape the allied forces.


Question 10 options:

True

False

Question 11 (1 point)

Germany surrendered to the Allies in May 1945.


Question 11 options:

True

False

Answers

no clue brainly brainly brainly brainless

Question one is true

Need help
How did I the crusade impact on the church????

Answers

Answer: The pope accepted the supremacy authority to the patriarch of Constantinople.

Explanation:

The pope accepted the supreme authority of the patriarch of Constantinople

If the weather is bad for the growing seasons, farmer will suffer. Verb Mood
A. Interrogative
B. Imperative
C. Indicative
D. Conditional
E. Subjunctive

Answers


D. Conditional is a verb mood for the weather is bad for the growing season.
D. Conditional weather is bad

Why did Great Britan lose the American Revolution

Answers

Great Britain lost the American Revolution due to inability to efficiently supply the British Army.

Pretend that you were a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention. Would you have supported the new Constitution or keeping the Articles of Confederation? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

The fifty-five delegates who met in Philadelphia between May 25 and September 17, 1787, would not only reject the Articles of Confederation altogether, but they would produce the first written constitution for any nation in the history of the world.

Explanation:

I would have supported the new Constitution because it was a lot better than the Articles of Confederation. It gave the government more power but it didn’t give one branch to much power that way it was all equal

HELP ASAP GIVING BRAINLIST!!!!!
write a cause and effect essay explaining the connections between major events in Europe between 300 and 1200. be sure to include at least three events relating to each of the following topics

early Christianity
decline and fall of the roman empire
development of the Byzantine Empire
Charlemagne's empire
Viking invasions
feudal Europe

Answers

Answer:

i think you're supposed to pick a three topics.

you don't need help on this if you do need help writing the essay from one of these three topics then ask

Explanation:

Huh what is going on

GIVING BRAINLIST!!!!! Help ASAP
write a cause and effect essay explaining the connections between major events in Europe between 300 and 1200. be sure to include at least three events relating to each of the following topics

early Christianity
decline and fall of the roman empire
development of the Byzantine Empire
Charlemagne's empire
Viking invasions
feudal Europe

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Christianity developed in Judea in the mid-first century CE, based first on the teachings of Jesus and later on the writings and missionary work of Paul of Tarsus.

Originally, Christianity was a small, unorganized sect that promised personal salvation after death. Salvation was possible through belief in Jesus as the son of God—the same God the Jews believed in. Early Christians debated whether they should only preach to Jews, or if non-Jews could become Christians, too. Eventually, Christianity gained followers not only from Jewish communities but from throughout the Roman world.

   In the decades after Jesus's death, the Apostle Paul wrote many letters that are now part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Paul was a Roman citizen and sent these letters to small communities of Christians living throughout the Roman Empire. The letters show us that Paul and his fellow Christians were still figuring out exactly what being a Christian meant. Issues related to the exact relationship between Judaism and Christianity, and between Christianity and the Roman government, were prominent topics of discussion.

Judaism had received the status of a legal religion in the Roman Empire with formal protections. Although Christianity developed out of Jewish traditions, it had no such legal protections. Christians were occasionally persecuted—formally punished—for their beliefs during the first two centuries CE. But the Roman state’s official position was generally to ignore Christians unless they clearly challenged imperial authority.

Rome becomes Christian

In 313 CE, the emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, which granted Christianity—as well as most other religions—legal status. While this was an important development in the history of Christianity, it was not a total replacement of traditional Roman beliefs with Christianity.

In 325, Constantine called the Council of Nicaea, which was a gathering of Christian leaders to determine the formal—or orthodox—beliefs of Christianity. The result of this council was the Nicene Creed, which laid out the agreed upon beliefs of the council.

In 380 CE, the emperor Theodosius issued the Edict of Thessalonica, which made Christianity, specifically Nicene Christianity, the official religion of the Roman Empire. Most other Christian sects were deemed heretical, lost their legal status, and had their properties confiscated by the Roman state.

The Roman Empire did not become Christianized overnight. Roman religious beliefs changed slowly over time. At the time the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE, Christianity was still spreading. It is also important to remember that Christianity itself did not appear suddenly or fully-formed. Christianity grew out of Jewish traditions and was shaped by Roman cultural and political structures for several centuries.

To take one lasting example, the head of the Roman Catholic Church—the Pope—takes his title from the old Roman office of pontifex maximus—the high priest. Roman culture was not wholly replaced, but was often repurposed as it came into contact with other peoples and cultures.

Christianity was deeply influenced by both Judaism and Roman cultural institutions. We can't fully understand the development of the Christian religion without putting it into these contexts!

If citizens in a country are hostile to immigrants and try to limit their rights, they are participating inO A. xenophobia O B. secession O c. genocide O D. integration

Answers

Answer:

I think the answer is A. Xenophobia.

Explanation:

Xenophobia is the prejudice against other cultures, seccession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, genocide is the killing of a group of people because of their ethnicity/race/nationality/religion, & integration would be the immigrants becoming apart of the country's culture.

Answer:  Usualy this is caused by Racisim which is awful if you are an African American (not being rude.) but is also if there is a war going on in the country they came from, or if their not native.

Explanation: The bill of rights helps with this so that you don’t need to worry about it, so don’t stress over it.

Which European country do you think was the most successful in North America? Provide at least three examples with an explanation on why you believe they were the most successful.

Answers

Of all the European countries, England established the firmest foothold in North America. Like the other European countries, England was motivated in part by the lure of both riches and the Northwest Passage. In 1606, King James I granted a charter to colonize Virginia to the Virginia Company of London, a joint-stock company of investors who believed there was a profit to be made. They settled the colony of Jamestown. Yet, Britain soon had populated permanent settlements in the new world for a different reason.

The settlement of these colonies was motivated by religion. In 1620, a group of settlers left Plymouth, England, to join the settlers in Jamestown. Among them were the separatists, a group of people who believed the Church of England to be corrupt and thus sought to break from it. They believed the New World would offer them an opportunity to live and worship in accordance with their beliefs. They left England later than they had planned, and their ship was blown off course. They landed on the coast of present-day Massachusetts and named their settlement after the town from which they had set sail.

These Pilgrims were followed by countless others who settled along the Atlantic Coast. Britain encouraged these settlements, benefiting from the vast array of raw materials the colonies found and cultivated. In New England, the colonies engaged in fishing, lumber, and shipbuilding. Farther south, colonies provided tobacco, rice, and indigo. For almost 200 years, until the colonies fought and won their independence, England benefited financially from the relationship with its North American colonies.

The first attempt by Europeans to colonize the New World occurred around 1000 A.D. when the Vikings sailed from the British Isles to Greenland, established a colony and then moved on to Labrador, the Baffin Islands and finally Newfoundland. There they established a colony named Vineland (meaning fertile region) and from that base sailed along the coast of North America, observing the flora, fauna and native peoples. Inexplicably, Vineland was abandoned after only a few years.

Why was the battle of Saratoga so important?

Answers

The Battle of Saratoga was significant because it was a physical and moral victory. With the colonists winning this battle, patriots had a better mindset and gained foreign assistance to win their independence. After this battle, the colonists fought hard and persevered, and they were later rewarded with the USA as an independent territory from Britain.
It made the French decide to help the Americans.

Which of the following is a type of corruption - (an illegal or dishonest behavior by those in power) that happened in the railroad industry?

Question 2 options:

Railroad owners often lied about their expenses in order to get larger loans.


Railroad owners told people who bought tickets that they might not be able to ride if they needed the spot for luggage or cargo.


Railoroad owners gave land back to those who needed it, if they didn't use all the land for the railway.

Answers

Answer:

the answer is 2

Explanation:

that is what they did for more money

Answer:

answer 2

Explanation:

the same explanation like the person up top

Say an archeologist in the year 3022 discovered artifacts from 2022 what are 3 things they would probably discover and explain what the 3 things do.

Answers

Answer:

they would probably find video games, computers, and shoes.

A smart phone- help communication efficiency
A mask- keep germs out of other people
Protein bar- healthy lifestyle keeping fit

HELP ASAP GIVING BRAINLIST!!!!! can you please not copy it and write it from your own words because the teachers know if u copy from another site

write a cause and effect essay explaining the connections between major events in Europe between 300 and 1200. be sure to include at least three events relating to each of the following topics

early Christianity
decline and fall of the roman empire
development of the Byzantine Empire
Charlemagne's empire
Viking invasions
feudal Europe

Answers

When the city fell, a formidable barrier to Muslim invasion of Christian Europe was eliminated, paving the way for Ottoman expansion into eastern Europe to proceed unhindered.  Greek science, philosophy, art, and literature were combined with Christian theological ideas in Byzantine civilization.

What role did the Byzantine Empire have in the development of European culture?The Roman emperor Constantine I established a "New Rome" on the site of the prehistoric Greek settlement of Byzantium in 330 A.D., thereby beginning the development of the huge and potent Byzantine Empire.The Byzantine Empire was the longest-lasting medieval empire, and its effect on law, art, and architecture can still be seen in many Western states as well as in Eastern and Central Europe and Russia. The Slavs of Eastern Europe lived close to the Byzantine Empire. As Slavic and Viking cultures blended to form Russia, new commercial hubs, like Kiev, emerged. This trade promoted cultural exchange with Byzantine civilization and increased Russia's wealth and strength.

To know more about Byzantine Empire refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/1446842

#SPJ13

What was invented that made created more of a demand for African American slaves for plantations in the south?
The locomotive.
The cotton gin
The steam engine
The spinning jenny

Answers

The cotton gin , the cotton gin made cotton be produced faster so yeah they wanted more cotton so they started demanding it more .. basically
the cotton gin, it made it easier for slaves to pick cotton

Please help asap!! Thank you!♡♡

Answers

Answer:

Canada so the answer is C

Explanation:

The answer is C, I have done this before so I know the answer

Read the concluding paragraph from a student’s informative essay on George Washington’s leadership.

1) Washington’s skill as a leader helped keep his army mostly intact. 2) Instead of waging frequent battles, he waited for the right moment to strike, which saved many lives. 3) This also boosted morale among his troops and gained the public’s support. 4) By putting his men first, Washington was able to defeat the British in one of history’s greatest victories.

Which sentence from the paragraph restates the thesis of the essay?

sentence 1
sentence 2
sentence 3
sentence 4
Explain your answer if you want a brainliest

Answers

sentence 1

Explanation:

The paragraph is talking about george washingtons leadership, and in the first sentence, the writer mentions washingtons skill as a leader helping to keep his army intact.

By putting his men first, Washington was able to defeat the British in one of history's greatest victories. The correct option is sentence 4.

Who is George Washington?

George Washington was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797.

Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War and served as president of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which created and ratified the Constitution of the United States and the American federal government. Washington has been called the Father of his Country for his manifold leadership in the nation's formative days. Washington's first public office, from 1749 to 1750, was as a surveyor of Culpeper County, Virginia. He subsequently received his first military training and was assigned command of the Virginia Regiment during the French and Indian War.

Washington died on December 14, 1799.

Learn more about Washington, here:

https://brainly.com/question/14598321

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Building a railroad helped the economy of other industries because they needed to buy those materials in order to build the railroad. For example, which two industries below were needed to help build railroads?

Question 4 options:

Timber and Automobiles


Timber and Coal


Coal and Carpentry


Fishing and Steel

Answers

B- Timber and coal. Timber for the railroad ties and coal to power the machinery
the answer is B, timber and coal

Which fact about chattel slavery is NOT true?

A. Enslavement was temporary.

B. Children of enslaved people were also enslaved.

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

A- enslavement was temporary
Reason- slavory lasted a long time before it was officially put to an end

PLEASE HURRY IM DESPERATE!!!!!!! 100 POINTS


"In this assignment, you will create parallel timelines describing important developments that occurred during the rise of Muslim empires and at least one other civilization."

Answers

Answer:

hope this helps

Explanation:

.........................

Which evidence from Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl supports the inference that Anne comes to recognize her own flaws as she gets older?



A) "It's a good thing I'm not a grouser, because then I might get sour and bad-tempered."


B) "I took it much too seriously, was offended, and was rude and aggravating to Mummy, which, in turn, made her unhappy."


C) "It is mighty difficult to be on such model behavior with people you can't bear, especially when you don't mean a word of it."



D) "To return to the 'upbringing' theme for the umptienth time, I must tell you that I really am trying my utmost to be helpful, friendly, and good . . ."



PLS HELP IM DOING A QUIZ

Answers

Option B) is the answer.
The answer is B) hope this helps

"Do you think continuous watching of this violence will have an effect on the people of Rome? How might this affect the poor and lower class?"
We're talking about gladiator fights.

Answers

Answer:yes because they did exile so the lower class people always thought they had to stay inside or hide

Explanation:

Yes because they exiled so they would hide.

What factors lead to the wealth of ancient Egypt? Im guessing one of them is the Nile river??

Answers

Answer: Agriculture was the main reason behind Egypt's wealth, many grains, vegetables, fruits, cattle, and fish were harvested and gathered and after the deduction of various taxes, the goods were sold in the market.

Explanation:

Egypt's main exports consist of natural gas, and non-petroleum products such as ready-made clothes, cotton textiles, medical and petrochemical products, citrus fruits, rice and dried onion, and more recently cement, steel, and ceramics

A major characteristic of ancient Greek culture was

O the practicing of their monotheistic beliefs.
O the belief that the gods interact with everyday life.
O the separation of Greek mythology from religion.
O the use of a single written holy text

Answers

“The practicing of their monotheistic beliefs” since they also focused on religion like gods and goddesses during their time :)

What was in the Treaty of Paris of 1783?

Answers

what are you struggling on

Two crucial provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence and the delineation of boundaries that would allow for American western expansion. The treaty is named for the city in which it was negotiated and signed.

Hope that helps!

Same thing expect less point due to trollers, zoom in to read story.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

I tried my best, hope it helps!

How does the Valley of the Kings showcase the immense wealth of Egypt?

Answers

Answer:

The first pharaoh to be buried in the Valley was Tuthmosis. Before that, pharaohs were buried in pyramids, with all the belongings that tomb robbers could dream of. A pyramid was the least safe place for valuables, and during the First Intermediate Period, almost all of them were robbed. During the Second Intermediate Period, before Ahmose kicked out the Hyksos, pyramids were robbed regularly.

Tuthmosis was smart enough to learn from the past. He wanted to protect his tomb and his next life, so he decided to hide it and keep the location a secret.

Answer: In 1979, it became a World Heritage Site, as well as the rest of the Theban Necropolis.

Explanation: Used as a burial chamber for nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, the Valley of the Kings was used for royal burials for the Kings, their families, and their possessions. In 1979, it became a World Heritage Site, as well as the rest of the Theban Necropolis.

PLEASE HELP ME!!!!!

How did the War of 1812 affect the Federalists and the war hawks?

The Federalists lost respect and the war hawks were the big winners.

The war hawks lost respect and the Federalists were the big winners.

The war hawks and the federalists came out on top.

The war hawks and the federalists both lost respect.

Answers

Answer:

The War of 1812 pitted US forces against those of Great Britain in a battle ... The loudest came from the “war hawks,” led by Henry Clay from Kentucky

The war hawks and the federalists both lost respect

ASAP PLS HELP!
Unit Assessment: A Renaissance Begins in Europe, Part 2

Answers

Answer:

ywhbawhvhveuodbwyvypydwyvw

Explanation:

and htjs is why sisijxihadioh

Question 1 is just descried what it was like in the renaissance times hop it help
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Spanish work! Y______ clases son peque______ y ______ clases son grand___word bankunas a as e una es una unas_____alumnos en______ escuela Santo Domingo son inteligent_____y ambicios_____ .word bankEl oso Los la es e Prove the following statement using the given pieces of information.2Given: ZGPS = ZJPS, PS_L_GJProve: ASJP ASGPZGPS ZJPSbecause perpendicular lines form right angles, and all right angls are congruent.PS and PS arethe two pairs of congruent angles.Click to select your answer(s). One day in October at 9am, Taylor began hiking an 8-mile trail, hiking for 2.5 hours at a pace of 2 miles per hour, and then stopping for half an hour to enjoy the view and have a snack. Taylor then hiked the remainder of the trail at a speed of 3 miles per hour. Later, Micah decided to run the same trail. Micah began 1.5 hours after Taylor began hiking, and ran at a rate of 7 miles per hour. Will Micah catch up to Taylor? If so, when? If not, why not? Hi guys.I was sick today and Im still not feeling good.I missed out on class and Ill be giving 25 points to whoever helps me.Thank you x - y -3 and 3x + 2y 0 The students in Tammy's class got to choose whether to visit the zoo or the aquarium. 11 students went to the zoo and 9 students went to the aquarium. What is the ratio of the number of students who went to the aquarium to the total number of students? help meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeethank you Epidemiological transition model maintains that there is a marked difference between the causes of death and developed and developing countries. Which of the following pairings is not correct? he two basic types of goals are multiple choice learning and behavioral. behavioral and performance. performance and objective. project and objective. performance and learning. An experimental blood test has been developed for lockjaw by the National Institute of HealthDue to the experimental nature of the test, it is not 100% accurateIn a trial of the blood test, the following probabilities were computed 51% of the participants in the trial have lockjaw the participants with lockjaw, 76% have a positive blood test the participants who do not have lockjaw, 84% have a negative blood test Round your answers to three decimals a ) What is the probability that a random participant will have a negative blood test ? b ) If a randomly selected participant has a positive blood test , what is the probabi that they do not have lockjaw ? if a silicone diode is being used as a temperature detector. if its temperature increases or decreases? alternating periods of economic growth and contraction in real gdp define: group of answer choices capitalism the business cycle macro equilibrium say's law Why are publicly traded companies only required to file annual and quarterly reports with the security and exchange?. Use the elimination method when solving the translated system Two angles are (complementary angles are angles whose sum is 90.) Their difference is 40. Find the angles. The larger angle is ? , and the smaller angle is ?. Can someone reword this or try and make it sound better The major ways the political system took shape were through the struggle over ratification of the federal constitution. The Federalists supported a strong central government and were pro British. The democratic republican or the Jeffersonian party was the beginning of the American political system. They supported a weak central government and were pro French. The American system of transportation, finance, agriculture, economy, the South handles raw material and a protective terra helped shape and divide two parties.The Second Great Awakening was a religious turn during the 19th century which also helped split two political parties. Spoils system and party politics More elected offices Two party system (Democrats and Whigs) the Election of 1828 was a shift to mass political party politics Organization of three branches of government that balances power using a system of checks and balances During the ratification of the Constitution, there were several disagreements forming a political system without a monarch. The division between state and national government was by the federal system of government, power is shared among states. Some of the power went to the state and government while others were concurrent or shared. For the function, f(x) = -x + 4, find f(-2), f(-0.5) and f(3) In regard to the federal bureaucracy, the President of the United States is at the top of the executive branch hierarchy becauseA.it is most efficient to have one person who can make final decisions and solve conflicts.B.he or she is an elected representative of the American people.C.Congress mandated that structure when it created the Executive Office of the President.D.the Constitution makes the President the chief administrator of the Federal Government. 3. Progressives supported council-manager systems as one way to reformA. business efficiencyB. scientific managementC. city governmentsD. voting practices Imagine that a disorder that causes the cell cycle to stop affects the muscle cells of a frogs leg. What consequence is most likely to follow?The frog will immediately not be able to use the muscle.An injury to the muscle will not heal.The frog will not be able to reproduce.A broken bone in that leg will not mend. In a board game, students draw a number, do not replace it, and then draw asecond number. Determine the probability of each event occurring.