1. Form a Hypothesis Would this therapy work if mRNA were replaced with other types of
RNA, such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) or transfer RNA (tRNA)? Use evidence to support
your hypothesis.
NOTEBOOK
This therapy work if mRNA were replaced with other types of RNA, such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) or transfer RNA (tRNA), nRNA (nuclear RNA)
Where the mRNA is found?mRNA is found in the cytoplasm. It is transcribed from DNA and it is translated to produce protein molecules. tRNA or the transfer RNA carries amino acids to the mRNA.
tRNA has an anticodon loop that base pairs with the codon of mRNA and recruits the correct amino acid for the respective codon. rRNA or ribosomal RNA is found in the nucleus associated with ribosomes. rRNA helps in the assembly of ribosomes during protein synthesis in the cell.
Therefore, This therapy work if mRNA were replaced with other types of RNA, such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) or transfer RNA (tRNA), nRNA (nuclear RNA)
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Why does cooking food causes a change of temperture? Why does the cooked food with higher temperature before it was cooked ? Relate this to kinetic energy from coal the same amount of energy when it transformed to thermal and light energy?
Answer:
Explanation:
At a given temperature, denser materials generally contain more energy, and so heavier pans will cook food faster. (Conversely, it takes more energy to raise denser materials to a certain temperature.) At a given temperature, materials with a higher specific heat capacity will contain more energy.
Before recommending drastic changes or additional rules for athletes, what type of evidence or experiments would you need to see linking concussions to CTE and depression? Give one example in 1-2 sentences.
Answer:
Explanation:
To link concussions to Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) and depression, it is important to have controlled and long-term studies that follow a large cohort of athletes who have experienced concussions, comparing their brain health and mental health outcomes to those of a similar control group of athletes who have not experienced concussions. For example, a long-term study that uses imaging techniques such as MRI or PET scans to compare the brain structure and function of athletes who have experienced concussions to those who have not, and assesses the incidence of depression and other mental health outcomes, could provide important evidence linking concussions to CTE and depression.
The haploid cells of a kangaroo contain 8 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in a kangaroo's diploid cells?.
The number of chromosomes in a kangaroo's diploid cells is 16, as opposed to the haploid cells 8 chromosomes.
In a kangaroo's diploid cells, how many chromosomes are there?Chromosome number 20 in the red kangaroo is diploid (2n = 18+XY, 2n = 18 + XX). All chromosomes can be distinguished morphologically, with the exception of chromosomes 8 and 9, which can be distinguished by G-banding (Rofe 1979).
How many chromosomes do kangaroos have that are haploid?The important thing to remember is that these are haploid. We are aware everything is ok. We may show that 1 end would equal 8 points by dividing each side by 2 if 2 n equals 16. Therefore, this kangaroo has a haploid number of 8.
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Lyle knows that the distance from his house to his school is three-fourths of a mile. On the map he has drawn of his neighborhood, they are one-fifth of an inch apart. What scale could lyle include on the map? select three options. One-fifth inch = three-fourths mile three-fourths inch = one-fifth mile four-fifths inch = 3 miles 3 inches = 12 miles 4 inches = 15 miles.
Lyle's scale might allow for the inclusion of the appropriate alternatives (A), (C), and (E). (A) A half-inch equals a mile (C) 3 miles = 4.5 inches (E) 15 miles in 4 inches.
Distance is calculated as the sum of a person's movement and time. Let D be the actual distance in miles between any two points, and let d be the distance shown on the map between any two points, measured in inches. The distance on the map to the actual distance is equivalent to 1/5 of an inch because the scale on the map is 1/5 inch = 3/4 mile; d/D = (1/5)/(3/4). 1/5 inch equals 3/4 mile. 3 miles = 4.5 inches 15 miles in 4 inches.
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Write 5 sentences OR a list of numbered steps to explain the process of DNA replication. You’ll also complete sketch notes to supplement your written understanding.
Your writing must incorporate the following components
Direction DNA is synthesized
Description of how DNA replication is considered semiconservative
Role and location of helicase
Role and location of topoisomerase
Role and location of RNA primers
Role and location of DNA polymerase
Distinguishing between leading/lagging strand and identifying which strand replicates continuously and which replicated discontinuously
Okazaki fragments
Role and location of ligase
This results in the formation of small fragments known as Okazaki fragments. The role of the ligase is to seal the gaps between the Okazaki fragments and join them to form a continuous strand.
Here are the five sentences to explain the process of DNA replication:The process of DNA replication involves the synthesis of new DNA strands by copying the existing DNA strands.This process is considered semi-conservative since each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.
During DNA replication, the enzyme helicase is responsible for unwinding the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.The enzyme topoisomerase relieves the tension that arises ahead of the replication fork.
DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand. It can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of the strand.There are two strands in DNA:
the leading strand and the lagging strand. The leading strand replicates continuously, while the lagging strand replicates discontinuously. The RNA primers are located on the lagging strand and are responsible for providing a free 3’ OH group for DNA polymerase to add nucleotides.
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3. Which salt concentration would you expect an obligate, extreme halophile to grow the best in?
Extreme halophiles (growing best in media containing 2.5-5.2 M salt), borderline extreme halophiles (growing best in media containing 1.5-4.0 M salt), moderate halophiles (growing best in media containing 0.5-2.5 M salt), and halotolerant microorganisms that do not show an absolute requirement for salt for growth but grow well up to frequently very high salt concentrations are the categories of halophilic organisms that are distinguished by the accepted theory [6]. (considered extremely halotolerant if the growth range extends above 2.5 M salt).
what is halophile ?The word "halophile" comes from the Greek for "salt-loving," and refers to an extremeophile that can survive in environments with a lot of salt. While the majority of halophiles fall within the category Archaea, there are also several bacterial and eukaryotic species that are halophiles, like the alga Dunaliella salina and the fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga.
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Using the template in the space provided for your response, construct an appropriately labeled graph that represents the data shown in table 1. based on the data, determine whether there is a statistical difference in the length of fin I between the groups of fish in slowly moving water and rapidly moving water
Think and discuss: What can a scientist do to improve the accuracy of their cladograms?
Cladograms are diagrams used in biology to show the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups of organisms, and some ways that a scientist can improve the accuracy of their cladograms are by using multiple sources of data, choosing appropriate outgroup species, using statistical methods, considering convergent evolution, etc.
To construct an accurate cladogram, it is important to use multiple sources of data, such as physical traits, DNA sequences, and fossil records. An outgroup species is a species that is closely related to the group being studied but not a part of it. By choosing an appropriate outgroup species, scientists can better identify shared characteristics that are unique to the group being studied and therefore construct a more accurate cladogram.
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4. Applying life skill and its components in our academic career boosts our academic achievement. Please argue "for or against" this idea and demonstrate your arguments with satisfying examples.
A new careers program will assist primary school students by encouraging them to consider potential vocations early on, while also cultivating dreams and dispelling misconceptions.
What is Academic career?Children begin to think about their futures as they enter primary school, according to the evidence.
The software will make learning more engaging and excite students about the working world by age-appropriately connecting lessons to various occupations, training, and skills.
Additionally, it will give students the chance to network with companies and role models across a variety of industries, raising aspirations and connecting their education to potential future employment and vocations.
Therefore, A new careers program will assist primary school students by encouraging them to consider potential vocations early on, while also cultivating dreams and dispelling misconceptions.
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In which of the positions below is the Southern Hemisphere receiving the highest angles of insolation?
• A
• B
• C
• D
The position that sees the Southern Hemisphere receiving the highest angle of insolation is Position A.
What is the angle of insolation ?The angle at which the sun's rays fall on a specific spot on Earth is known as the angle of insolation. The Earth orbits the sun in an elliptical route rather than a perfect circle, thus some seasons of the year see Earth closer to the sun than others.
At position A, the tilt of the Earth is such that the Southern Hemisphere is more exposed to the sun which means that this is the point of the highest angle of insolation.
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Certain amino acids in the protein help an enzyme catalyze the conversion of
substrates into products.
Where are these amino acids located?
On the outside surface
On cofactors
At the active site
On each end of the polypeptide
Answer:
The correct answer is "At the active site."
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. The active site of an enzyme is the specific region where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place. Certain amino acids located in the active site play a crucial role in catalyzing the reaction by positioning the substrate correctly and facilitating the formation of chemical bonds. These amino acids are usually found on the surface of the protein, and their specific arrangement and chemical properties are crucial for the enzyme's activity.
Answer:
At the active site
Explanation:
In a protein, certain amino acids play a crucial role in catalyzing the chemical reaction that converts substrates into products. These amino acids are located at the active site of the enzyme, which is the specific location where the substrate molecules bind and undergo chemical transformation. The active site is made up of a specific arrangement of amino acids that form a pocket or groove where the substrate fits and interacts with the enzyme to facilitate the reaction. The amino acids at the active site are strategically placed and oriented to form chemical bonds with the substrate, helping to bring about the desired reaction.
PLEASE HELP ME!!?!?!?!???
Answer:
The stripe winged beetle will increase in population because they camouflage with their surroundings, whilst the black beetle will decrease because they stand out in their environment.
all of the following hormones increase or decrease plasma glucose concentration by regulating glycogenolysis (converting glycogen to glucose) except?
Insulin is the hormone that controls glycogenolysis to lower plasma glucose levels. Insulin is the solution as a result.
By encouraging liver glycogenolysis, cortisol, glucagon, and epinephrine all raise plasma glucose levels. Only insulin, out of all the hormones mentioned, lowers plasma glucose levels via controlling glycogenolysis. The pancreas, an organ behind the stomach, produces the hormone insulin in its beta cells. By boosting the body's cells' ability to absorb glucose, it controls the quantity of glucose in the blood. As we eat, the food's carbs are broken down into glucose, which is then absorbed into the circulation. Insulin is then released by the pancreas in response, telling the cells to either take up glucose from the blood and utilise it as fuel immediately or store it for later use. Moreover, insulin is essential for controlling how proteins and lipids are metabolized.
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The above question is incomplete. The complete question is given below-
All of the following hormones increase or decrease plasma glucose concentration by regulating glycogenolysis (converting glycogen to glucose) EXCEPT?
Cortisol
Glucagon
Epinephrine
Insulin
2. "Every disease has a biological cause not psychological." Argue for or against with this idea/argument.
Answer: The statement "Every disease has a biological cause not psychological" is a controversial one and both arguments for and against it can be made. On one hand, there is a growing body of evidence that suggests that many medical conditions have biological causes. For example, conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes are all believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. These biological causes can be directly tied to specific changes in the body, such as mutations in DNA, hormonal imbalances, or changes in the immune system.On the other hand, there is evidence to suggest that psychological factors can play a role in the development of certain medical conditions. For example, stress has been linked to a range of physical and mental health problems, including heart disease, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and sleep patterns, can have a significant impact on a person's physical and mental health.It is important to note that the relationship between biological and psychological factors is often complex and multi-layered and that different conditions may have different causes and contributing factors. Some conditions may have primarily biological causes, while others may have a stronger psychological component. And in many cases, a combination of biological and psychological factors may interact to cause or contribute to a medical condition.In conclusion, while it is true that many medical conditions have a biological cause, it is not accurate to say that every disease has a biological cause and not a psychological one. Both biological and psychological factors can play a role in the development of various medical conditions, and it is important to consider both when trying to understand and treat these conditions.
Explain what controls evolution and how these controls affect organisms
Evolution is controlled by a combination of natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and other factors that can influence the frequency and distribution of alleles within a population.
How does evolution come about ?One of the primary mechanisms of evolution is natural selection, which occurs when certain traits provide a selective advantage to an organism in its environment.
Mutation, or changes in the DNA sequence of a gene, can also contribute to evolution by introducing new genetic variation into a population. The controls on evolution can have a significant impact on the traits and characteristics of organisms.
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Fruit flies have sensory receptors that respond to different chemicals. Some of these receptors are sensitive to chemicals that make up odors
while others are sensitive to chemicals that make up tastes. For example, one type of taste receptor in fruit flies is sensitive to the taste of
water. Scientists performed an experiment to examine the role of odor and taste receptors in guiding the behavior of fruit flies.
The scientists' experiment took place in two phases. In the training phase, the scientists kept the fruit flies away from water for 16 hours. Then,
they placed the fruit flies in a chamber filled with a specific odor (odor 1) but no water for 2 minutes. They next transferred the flies to a second
chamber filled with a different odor (odor 2) and water for 2 minutes.
In the next phase, the scientists tested the fruit flies by placing them in a testing maze with two arms, one of which contained odor 1 and the
second which contained odor 2. Neither of these arms contained water. The scientists counted the number of flies that went into each arm. The
testing phase was completed after different amounts of time had passed after the training phase. The scientists then repeated this experiment
with flies that lacked the taste receptor for water. The table below shows the number of flies that went into each arm in all of the trials.
Flies That Cannot Taste Water
Normal Flies
Odor 1 Odor 2
Odor 1
Odor 2
3 minutes
36
64
55
45
3 hours
33
67
45
55
24 hours
30
70
51
49
Data adapted from Shyu et al. 2017. Nature Communications. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Time After Training
How do the scientists' findings support the argument that the information fruit flies take in through their sensory receptors can be stored as
memories?
A. by showing that fruit flies that could not taste water were not attracted to odor 2 by 24 hours after training
B. by showing that more of the fruit flies that could taste water were attracted to odor 2 than odor 1 at 24 hours after training
OC. by showing that fruit flies that could taste water were more attracted to odor 2 during the training period than were fruit flies that
could not taste water
D. by showing that fruit flies that could not taste water were less likely to locate water in the maze than fruit flies that could taste water
Scientists' findings support the argument that the information fruit flies take in through their sensory receptors can be stored as memories by showing that fruit flies that could taste water were more attracted to odor 2 during the training period than were fruit flies that could not taste water which is denoted as option C.
What are Sensory receptors?
These comprises of specializes cells which detect changes in the internal as well as external environment.
Fruit flies take in through their sensory receptors can be stored as memories by showing that fruit flies that could taste water were more attracted to odor 2 during the training period than were fruit flies that could not taste water according to the result gotten from the experiment.
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What were the gases used to create earths primitive oceans and what were the contents of the liquid pool after the experiment ran for a week
The gases used to create Earth's primitive oceans are methane, ammonia, water vapor, and hydrogen. The contents of the liquid pool after the experiment are variety of organic compounds.
What are gases?
Gases are a form of matter consisting of particles that have no definite shape or volume but occupy the entire space they are contained in. Gases are made up of atoms or molecules that are in constant motion and can move in any direction. Examples of gases include air, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
The Miller-Urey experiment was designed to simulate the conditions that may have existed on the early Earth, where the atmosphere was thought to have been rich in gases like methane, ammonia, water vapor, and hydrogen. These gases were used to create Earth's primitive oceans in the experiment. In the experiment, the gases were placed in a closed system, and an electric spark was used to simulate lightning, which was believed to have been abundant on the early Earth. After running the experiment for a week, the liquid pool contained a variety of organic compounds, including amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
Therefore, methane, ammonia, water vapor, and hydrogen are used to create Earth's primitive oceans.
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September 22 is the beginning of ________ in the southern hemisphere.
autumn
spring
summer
winter
Which of these is not an advantage of genetically engineered crop plants?
A. They can produce their own pesticides.
B. They can grow larger than unmodified crops.
C. They cannot cause an allergic reaction.
D. They can contain extra nutrients.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
GMO foods are designed to be healthier and cheaper to produce. The advantages of GMO foods include added nutrients, fewer pesticides, and cheaper prices. Disadvantages of GMO foods can be allergic reactions or increased antibiotic resistance
What can you say about the heat flow based on the diagram above between the mug of hot chocolate and hand? What about heat flow from the hand to the ice cube? Where is the heat released and absorbed ? Which object releases and absorbs heat? what arrow best represents this heat flow?
Answer:
A and C
Explanation:
heat tranfer goes from hot to cold, or in more correct terms; heat transfers to the lower temperature.
What is a solution's molarity, if its absorbance is 0.4?
The molarity is 0.07 M when the absorbance is 0.4
What is Molarity?Molarity is a unit of concentration that measures the amount of a solute present in a solution in terms of the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Mathematically, it is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the volume of the solution in liters:
Molarity (M) = number of moles of solute / volume of solution in liters
In the problem, the plot of absorbance against molarity is attached and the graphed is used to read the molarity when the absorbance is 0.4.
The value from the graph is 0.07 M
complete question is attached
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Explain the life cycle of plasmodium species?
Answer:
Explanation:
life cycle of plasmodium species
Remember that glycolysis produces two pyruvic acid molecules per glucose molecule along with two of the hydrogen-carrying nadh molecules. remember also that the krebs cycle produces nadh as well as another hydrogen carrier called fadh . it is important to know that during the electron transport chain, when each nadh gives up electrons and hydrogen ions, there is enough of a potential energy change to make three atp molecules. when each fadh 2gives up electrons and hydrogen ions, there is enough of a potential energy change to make two atp molecules. 20. fill in the chart below to calculate the total amount of atp produced from the breakdown of each glucose molecule during the three steps of cellular respiration. number of atp produced from one glucose molecule number of h-carriers produced from one glucose molecule nadh fadh 2 glycolysis krebs cycle electron transport chain
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH, Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2, and ETC generates 28-34 ATP.
Step of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis has number of ATP Produced is equal to 2 and number of H-Carriers Produced is 2 NADH, Step of Cellular Respiration Krebs Cycle has number of ATP Produced is equal to 2 and number of H-Carriers Produced is 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 and Step of Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain has number of ATP Produced is equal to 28-34 (depending on cell type).
The exact number of ATP molecules produced in the electron transport chain can vary depending on the cell type and conditions. The range given (28-34) is a typical estimate for eukaryotic cells.
The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration involves three main steps: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. These steps produce energy in the form of ATP molecules and hydrogen carriers, such as NADH and FADH2. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH, while the Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2. During the electron transport chain, the hydrogen carriers release their electrons and protons to generate a proton gradient, which is used to make a large amount of ATP.
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True or False:
For a new species to arise, some individuals of a species
must become reproductively isolated from the others. (Ex.
Squirrels being separated by an uncrossable river.)
TRUE
FALSE
Answer: true
Explanation:
please help me, thank you
I believe the right alternative is:
c) If the environment changes, they be better able to adapt.
I apologize if this is wrong. I hope you have a lovely day! :)
Question 10 of 10
In which two processes do cells make a small amount of ATP for every
glucose molecule split in two?
A. Glycolysis
B. Fermentation
C. The electron transport chain
D. The Krebs cycle
SUBMI
Glycolysis and Kreb's cycle are two processes in which cells make a small amount of ATP for every glucose molecule split in two.
Describe glycolysis.
The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell.
An overall net of two ATP molecules will be created during fermentation and glycolysis. To prevent glycolysis from ceasing, fermentation will produce 2 ATP, and glycolysis will produce 2 ATP through substrate level phosphorylation. There is no electron transport system involved in fermentation, and no ATP is produced during the fermentation process itself. Two ATP, six NADH +H+, and two FADH2 were created during the Krebs cycle. Due to the two pyruvic acid molecules that enter the system for every glucose molecule, two ATP molecules are produced.
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give difination of culture
Answer:
Culture is the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.
Culture is also the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular people or society.
A population's collective ways of life, including its institutions, beliefs, and artistic expressions, are collectively referred to as its culture. A society's whole way of life has been referred to as its culture. It encompasses manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, and artistic standards as a result.
All the mockingbirds that live in the same place at the same time make up
a(n)
O A. ecosystem
OB. habitat
OC. biome
OD. population
Answer: population
Explanation: because there are a lot of birds living there like there a lot of people in a city that's also a population example
A student wants to use objects she finds around the house to model Mercury, Venus, and Earth. Which model best compares the relative sizes of these three planets? a. Three basketballs b. Two basketballs and one softball c. Two softballs and one basketball d. One marble, one softball, and one basketball
The answer is D, she can make use of One marble, one softball, and one basketball
What are planetary bodies?According to the geophysical definition of celestial objects, a planetary-mass object (PMO), planemo, or planetary body is any celestial object big enough to establish hydrostatic equilibrium (to be spherical under its own gravity), but not enough to support core fusion like a star.
What different kinds of celestial bodies are there?
Planets.StarsSatellites.Comets.Asteroids.Meteors and Meteorites.Galaxies.Learn more about planetary bodies here:
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