i need help pleaseee help please! <3

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Cd2+(aq) + 2e- ---> Cd(s) , E° = -0.40 V Fe2+(aq) + 2e- ----> Fe(s) , E° = -0.44 V Since standard reduction potential.

Galvanic Cell: A chemical cell, also known as an electrochemical cell, is a device that transforms the chemical energy generated during a red-ox reaction into electrical energy. In honor of Luigi Galvanic and Alessandro Volta, who conducted the first experiments on the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, these are also known as galvanic or voltaic cells.

A spontaneous red-ox reaction occurs in an electrochemical cell in an indirect manner, and the reduction in free energy that occurs during the chemical reaction manifests as electrical energy. In an indirect red-ox reaction, the reduction and oxidation processes take place in two different containers known as half-cells.

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The cell potential is 0.01934 V at 25°C.

A galvanic cell, also known as a voltaic cell, is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy generated by spontaneous redox reactions into electrical energy.

The main components of a galvanic cell are

Anode – Oxidation occurs at the anode

Cathode – Reduction occurs at the cathode

Salt bridge – consists of electrolytes that are needed to complete the circuit in a galvanic cell.

Half-cells – It is important as reduction and oxidation reactions are separated into compartments.

External circuit – it helps in Conducting the flow of electrons between electrodes

At cathode,

[tex]Cd^{2+}(aq) + 2e^-\rightarrow Cd(s)[/tex]

At anode,

[tex]Fe(s)+2e^-\rightarrow Fe^{2+}(aq)[/tex]

Overall cell reaction

[tex]Fe(s)+Cd^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow Fe^{2+}(aq) + Cd(s)[/tex]

[tex]E^o_{cell} = E^o_{cathode} - E^o_{anode}[/tex]

          = -0.40 -(0.44) = 0.04 V

Nernst equation is given by

[tex]E_{cell} = E^o_{cell} - \frac{2.303RT}{nF} logQ[/tex]

At 25°C

[tex]E_{cell} = E^o_{cell} - \frac{0.0592V}{n} logQ[/tex]

Here, n = 2 and log Q = log [tex]\frac{0.250}{0.050}[/tex] = 0.699

[tex]E_{cell}[/tex]  = 0.01934 V

The cell potential is 0.01934 V at 25°C

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Considering the definition of molar volume and density,the density of copper at 25°C is 8.96 [tex]\frac{g}{cm^{3} }[/tex].

Molar volume is an intensive property that indicates how much space one mole of a certain substance or compound occupies. In other words, the molar volume is the space occupied by one mole of a substance.

The expression to calculate the molar volume is:

Vm= V÷ n

where:

Density is defined as the property that matter, whether solid, liquid or gas, has to compress into a given space.

In other words, density is a quantity that allows us to measure the amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance.

Then, the expression for the calculation of density is the quotient between the mass of a body and the volume it occupies:

density= mass÷ volume

The relationship between molar volume and density is reflected in the following expression, where the molar volume is calculated by dividing the molar mass (M) by the mass density (ρ):

Vm= M÷ρ

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the relationship between molar volume and density:

7.09 [tex]\frac{cm^{3} }{mol}[/tex]= 63.5 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]÷ρ

Solving:

7.09 [tex]\frac{cm^{3} }{mol}[/tex]×ρ= 63.5 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]

ρ= 63.5 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]÷7.09 [tex]\frac{cm^{3} }{mol}[/tex]

ρ= 8.96 [tex]\frac{g}{cm^{3} }[/tex]

Finally, the density of copper at 25°C is 8.96 [tex]\frac{g}{cm^{3} }[/tex].

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Answer:

Section 2 will decrease.

Explanation:

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of the chemical reaction without taking part in the overall reaction. Catalysts speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to take place. The activation energy is the minimum energy necessary for a reaction to take place. As such, when a catalyst is added, the activation energy (or the potential energy) needed to start the reaction decreases. This shows itself in the graph by decreasing the "hump" in Section 2.

It should be noted that Sections 1 and 3 will remain the same. This is because the energy of the reactants and products does not change regardless of a catalyst being present.

The pressure of the gas is obtained as 48 atm.

Now we know that;

Number of moles of CH4 = 48.0 grams /16 g/mol = 3 moles

Number of moles of H2 =  56.0 grams/2 g/mol = 28 moles

Total number of moles present = 3 moles + 28 moles = 31 moles

Using;

PV =nRT

P = total pressure

V = total volume

n = total number of moles

R = gas constant

T = temperature

P = nRT/V

P = 31 * 0.082 * 286/15

P = 48 atm

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Answer 6

Explanation: That means a carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

From the addition of 1 equivalent of HBr to 1,3-butadiene, 3-bromo-1-butene is obtained as a product.

What is moles?

Moles are defined as the smallest base unit that is equivalent to [tex]6.02214 X 10^{23}[/tex] units.

Moles are chemical entities, which are used to measure the mass or molecular mass of the compound, molecule, or atom. The moles are, for example can be explained as equal to the mass of the atom. For example, there is one mole in 12 grams of carboncarbon.

Thus the kinetic product formed is 3-bromo-1-butene.

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The total heat of hydration of 1. 00 mol of gas phase [tex]K^{+}[/tex] ions and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]ions is - 684 kJ/mol.

Calculation ,

Given data ,

Heat of solution =  17. 2 kJ/mol

lattice energy of KCl(s) = 701. 2 kJ/mol.

heat of hydration = ?

The KCl is formed by[tex]K^{+}[/tex] ions and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]– ions

Δ[tex]H_{solution}[/tex] = U° + Δ[tex]H_{hydration}[/tex]

Δ[tex]H_{hydration}[/tex] = Δ[tex]H_{solution}[/tex] - U° =  17. 2 kJ/mol - 701. 2 kJ/mol = - 684 kJ/mol

Hence, heat of hydration of 1. 00 mol of gas phase [tex]K^{+}[/tex] ions and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] ions is - 684 kJ/mol.

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The corresponding concentration values of OH⁻  for the pH values

of following are -

1- 10⁻¹

3- 10⁻³

5- 10⁻⁵

7- 10⁻⁷

9-  10⁻⁹

11- 10⁻¹¹

pH is a logarithmic measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution pH = -log[H+]

pH describes how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is, where a pH below 7 is acidic and a pH greater than 7 is basic. pH of 7 is considered neutral .

Functions of OH−    :

OH− functions as a base .

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.

Hence, this way pH values of these concentrations are mentioned .

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Answer: The process is diffusion.

Explanation:

a dark liquid will have the highest concentration of dark purple atoms/molecules so it gives a concentrated colour.

when water is added to it, the colourless water molecules fill up the gaps between the purple particles and so their colour fades and becomes lighter and lighter as we add more water. see the image attached where imagine the red particles are water and the blue particles are purple particles. thats why the colour fades.

The reactant [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is limiting if we begin with 9. 50 grams of al and 9. 50 grams of  [tex]O_{2}[/tex]   .

The reactant whose number of moles is present in less quantity is called limiting reactant .

Calculation,

Given mass of Aluminium and oxygen

Mass of Aluminium = 9. 50 grams

and Mass of oxygen = 9. 50 grams

Number of moles of aluminium = given mass / molar mass of aluminium

Number of moles of aluminium = 9. 50 grams/ 26.99 = 0.351 mole

Number of moles of oxygen = given mass / molar mass of oxygen

Number of moles of oxygen = 9. 50 grams/ 31.999  = 0.296 mole

The reactant [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is limiting because oxygen present in less quantity or in limiting quantity and consume rapidly.

Therefor , the reactant [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is limiting if we begin with 9. 50 grams of al and 9. 50 grams of  [tex]O_{2}[/tex]   .

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It will occupy 18 L volume when the pressure is changed to 0. 5 atm and the temperature remain constant.

Calculation,

According to Boyle law, the pressure of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume at constant temperature.

[tex]P_{1} V _{1} = k[/tex]    .....(i)

[tex]P_{2} V _{2} = k[/tex]    (ii)

Combining equation (i) and (ii). we get,

[tex]P_{1} V _{1} = P_{2} V _{2}[/tex]

3 atm× 3L=  [tex]V _{2}[/tex]× 0.5atm

[tex]V _{2}[/tex]  =   3 atm× 3L/0.5atm = 18 L

Boyle law used during respiration or breathing.

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The same amount of energy released when they recombine

Yes, the energy required to separate water into O2 and H2 is at least equal to the energy released when these gases come together to form water.

The process of separating water into hydrogen and oxygen is known as electrolysis. This reaction occurs in a device known as an electrolyzer.

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Answer:

1.0535×10(exponent24)

Explanation:

N (number of molecules)

n(number of moles)

L( Avogadro's constant )

N=n×L

N=1.75×6.02×10(exponent 23)

Explanation:

In one mole we always have:

1 mol = 6.02 X 10²³ molecules

So emulates simple rule of 3 we will have;

1 mol ----------> 6.02 X 10²³

1.75 moles ----> X

X = 1.0535 X 10²⁴ molecules

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3.74×[tex]10^{21}[/tex]

3.74 ×[tex]10^{21}[/tex] molecules of propane were in the erlenmeyer flask.

number of moles of propane can be calculated as moles of propane.

mass of propane =  0.274 g

molar mass of propane = 44.1

So this gives us the value of 6.21×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] moles of propane

No one mole of propane As a 6.0-2 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex]

so, 6.21 ×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex] × 6. 022 × 10^23

= 3.74 ×[tex]10^{21}[/tex]

Therefore, molecules of propane were in the erlenmeyer flask is found to be 3.74 ×[tex]10^{21}[/tex]

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Answer:

1. Carbon is very special because it can form so many compounds

2. Many carbon-based compounds are not attracted to water and so in general do not dissolve in water. As a result, water alone cannot be used to remove grease or oil from a surface, nor will water dissolve our skin, because all of these things are carbon compounds.

3. Carbon can also link together in long chains or rings, carbon to carbon to carbon to carbon and so on.

Explanation:

Bohr's model explained the position of the electron, proton, and neutron in the atom of the element. The energy at the n = 2 level of the atom will be - 3.40 eV.

The principal quantum number (n) has been the distance of the electron of that atom in the nucleus and its energy in the structure. It can also be said to define the size of the atomic orbit.

n = 2 is the first excited state whose energy is calculated as:

Eₙ = − 13.6 ÷ n² eV

E₂ = - 13.6 eV ÷ 2²

= -3.40 eV

Therefore, -3.40 eV is the energy of electron at n = 2.

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Carbon atoms present in 2. 00 g of butane is 8.28 × 10^22.

Molecular weight of C4H10 is = 58.1 grams

Moles of butane = given mass/ molar mass

= 2/58.1

= 0.0344 mol

Multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number. This will let you obtain the number of butane molecules:

0.0344 x 6.023 x 10^{23} molecules of butane = 2.07 × 10^22 molecules

of butane

Now multiply this number by four (due to four carbon atoms per butane molecule) to obtain the answer:

so, no. of carbon atoms = 4 x 2.07x 10^22 = 8.28x 10^22 atoms.

Thus the no. of carbon atom is 8.28×10^22.

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Now , we know that one mole of SO² Contains 2 Moles ( two ) of atoms of oxygen . Hence , 16 Grams of SO² Contains 0.5 Mole(s) of Oxygen

0.5

hope this helps you. :)

The best way to differentiate chart elements is by using labels.

So, option B is correct one.

The table should be used when

The column chart is probably the most used chart type. This chart best used to compare different values when specific values are important.

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The process that involves the breaking of intermolecular forces that hold an enzyme is known as denaturation.

What are enzymes?

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Carbon dioxide released by automobiles is an example of a(n) non-point source of pollution.

Nonpoint source pollution is typically caused by hydrologic alteration, drainage, seepage, precipitation, especially land runoff. Contrary to pollution from industries and sewage treatment facilities, nonpoint source (NPS) pollution originates from a variety of diffuse sources.

Point-source pollution can be defined as pollution coming from a single, distinguishable source, such as a factory and sewage plant output pipe. Nonpoint-source pollution would be pollution that doesn't come from a single source or point.

Therefore, Carbon dioxide released by automobiles is an example of a(n) non-point source of pollution.

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The pH at 25°c of a 0. 0077 m solution of a weak base with a kb of 6. 2 × 10−9 is 8.8.

The base dissociation constant is termed as Kb. Throughout a base split into ts constituent ions in water is determined by its base dissociation constant.

Kb = [B+] [OH-]/[BOH]

Now, let the concentration of [B+] = [OH-] = x

Given,

Kb = 6. 2 × 10^-9

6. 2 × 10^-9 = x^2/(0.0077-x)

x = 6.909 × 10^(-6)

[B+] = [OH-] = 6.909 × 10^(-6)

As we know that,

pOH = -log [OH-]

pOH = -log( 6.909 × 10^(-6))

pOH = 5.2

As we also know that,

pOH + pH = 14

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 14 - 5.2

pH = 8.8

Thus we calculated that the pH of the solution is 8.8.

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Molecular formula of a compound whose molecular mass is 60.00 g/mol and has an empirical formula of C₂H₈N₂.

We know the empirical formula and thus the molar mass of the empirical formula, we simply need to find out how many of these fit into the molar mass of the molecular formula.

In this problem, we have an empirical formula of CH₄N

so the molar mass is 12 + 4 + 14 = 30 g/mol.

Molecular formula mass/Empirical formula mass=60 g/mol/30 g/mol=2

The molecular formula is TWICE that of the empirical formula.

Molecular formula = 2XCH₄N = C₂H₈N₂

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Answer:

C2H8N2

Explanation:

edge 2023

The energy required to melt 20 g of water (ice) starting at 0° C is 6680 J.

Heat is a form of energy that is possessed by a system by virtue of its temperature. Its unit is Joule.

Enthalpy is the amount of the heat content of a system.

It is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a system by 1° C. It is an extensive property. Its unit is J/°C

Heat Capacity is given by

[tex]c= \frac{q}{\Delta T}[/tex]

where q = heat required

[tex]\Delta T[/tex] = change in temperature

Enthalpy of Fusion is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a solid substance changes into its liquid state at its melting point.

Here, water in solid form (ice) melts into liquid form at 0°C

[tex]H_{2} O (s) \rightarrow H_{2} O(l) \\\Delta H_{fus } =334Jg^-^1[/tex]

We know,

[tex]\Delta H = \frac{m}{q}\\[/tex]

where m =  given mass

q = heat required

[tex]q = \Delta H \times m[/tex]

q = 334 [tex]Jg^-^1[/tex] x 20 g

    = 6680 J

Thus, the heat required to melt 20 g of water at 0°C is 6680 J

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Answer: nutrient

Explanation:

In an ecosystem like where a farmer  stopped maintaining a field that was once used to grow crops. Over time, the field eventually became a forest. These changes best illustrate the process of nutrient recycling.

Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.

Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.

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The 6 models of the atom:

1. John Dalton's atomic model: Daltons Billiard Ball (Solid Sphere) Model

2. J.J. Thomson's model: Plum Pudding model

3. Ernest Rutherford's model: Nuclear model

4. Niels Bohr's model: Planetary model

5. Erwin Schrdinger's model: Electron Cloud Model/Quantum Model

6. Wave mechanical model

The smallest component that makes up a chemical element is an atom. Atoms that are neutral or ionized are the building blocks of all solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. A normal atom is 100 picometers across, which is incredibly small. Because of quantum effects, they are so small that it is impossible to predict their behavior with sufficient precision using classical physics, as if they were, say, tennis balls. One or more electrons are attached to the nucleus of every atom, which is made up of a nucleus. Protons and neutrons, in various numbers, make up the nucleus. Neutrons exist only in the most prevalent type of hydrogen. An atom's nucleus makes up more than 99.94% of its mass.

how to build 6 individual atoms?

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8.62%

8.62% is the percent error of the experiment.

Rounding to the nearest hundredth value will be 8.620.

(-655 - -603)/(-603) = 0.0862

Multiply by 100%,

(0.0862) x 100% = 8.62%

The percent error is the difference between the estimated value and the actual value in relation to the actual value.

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The ka of the acid will be-

HA(aq)+OH−(aq)→A−(aq)+H2O(l)

You have the half-equivalence point when

[HA]=[A−]

it suggests that

log([HA][A−])=log(1)=0

As a result, it can be said that the pH of the solution and the pKa of the weak acid are equivalent at the half-equivalence point.

At the halfway point of equivalence: pH=pKa

The acid dissociation constant of the weak acid, Ka, determines the pKa. pKa=log(Ka), which indicates that Ka=10pKa.

Ka=10pH will be present when the two points are half equal.

Enter your value to determine Ka=105.67=2.1106.

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At  -230 °C temperature will He atoms have the same rms value as [tex]N_{2}[/tex] molecules at 25°C .

Calculation ,

Given temperature =  25°C  =  25+273  = 298 K

[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] =√3RT/M

[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] =√3R[tex]T_{1}[/tex]/[tex]M_{He}[/tex]      ......( i )

[tex]V_{rms}[/tex] =√3R[tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]      ......( ii )

Equalize equation  ( i ) and ( ii )

√3R[tex]T_{1}[/tex]/[tex]M_{He}[/tex] = √3R[tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]  

[tex]T_{1}[/tex]/[tex]M_{He}[/tex]  = [tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]  

[tex]T_{1}[/tex] = [tex]M_{He}[/tex] × [tex]T_{2}[/tex]/[tex]M_{N_{2}[/tex]  =  4 ×298 K/28 = 42.57 K

Temperature in°C = 42.57 - 273  = -230 °C

Therefore , at  -230 °C temperature will He atoms have the same rms value as [tex]N_{2}[/tex] molecules at 25°C .

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