If mycorrhizae did not exist, a lot of trees would die due to its benefits to the plant body.
What are mycorrhizae?Mycorrhizae is a symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi. The major role of this fungus is to enhance nutrient and water uptake by the plant by exploiting a larger volume of soil. Mycorrhizae has many types and different plants have different types of mycorrhiza. Many plants living under difficult circumstances, wouldn't survive at all without the presence of mycorrhizae. The mycorrhizae absorb nutrients such as phosphorus and magnesium from the soil. It also brings nutrients directly to the plant roots. They also exchange the nutrients they have collected for sugar. Produce more healthy plants, increase plant strength and survival at seeding and also increase yields and quality of the crop.
So we can conclude that If mycorrhizae are not present in the atmosphere, a lot of trees would die because it is present in the roots of trees and help in nutrient uptake.
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how have humans changed the atmosphere of the planet in the past 200 years
PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
D
Explanation:
5. Is the following sentence accurate?
Cellular respiration produces the energy needed for biological processes.
The cell that provides life with chemical energy. Light energy is converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy that is stored in glucose, and this energy is then released during cellular respiration to create ATP.
What does the term "cellular respiration" mean?While cells are aerobic respiration, oxygen may be present or not. But, because the cell seems to "respire" by consuming molecular oxygen (as an electron acceptor) and releasing carbon dioxide, the process is essentially known as "cellular respiration" (as an end product).
What happens during cellular respiration?ATP is created during cellular respiration as a reaction product between glucose and oxygen. Water and carbon dioxide are released as by products. The three stages of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis, an anaerobic process, and the Krebs cycle.
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When acetylcholine binds to its receptors on the motor end plate, an ion channel opens and ______ ions diffuse quickly into the muscle cell.
When acetylcholine binds to its receptors on the motor end plate, an ion channel opens and sodium ions diffuse quickly into the muscle cell.
What transpires when acetylcholine binds to the end plate of the motor?Acetylcholine tends to glue to the nicotinic receptors concentrated on the motor end plate, a particular region of the post-synaptic membrane of the muscle fiber.
Therefore, The nicotinic receptor channels open as a result of this interaction, allowing sodium ions to enter the muscle fiber. The geometry of the whole receptor is slightly altered when acetylcholine binds to these two chains, opening the channel.
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Herman is a 70 year old male with a new diagnosis of metastatic colon cancer. The oncologist has ordered a medication from the category of drugs as a first line treatment that will not eradicate the cancer, but will slow the growth of the cancer. What is this category of drug called?.
The drug is called Signal transduction inhibitor.
Drugs called signal transduction inhibitors may prevent cancer cells from rapidly multiplying and invading other tissues. A substance in a cell that prevents signals from passing from one molecule to another.
Signal transduction inhibitors (STIs) like IMATINIB and ERLOTINIB bind to the ATP-binding site of tyrosine kinases—not the substrate-binding site—and can have an impact on many cell functions, including cell division and death. They can also kill cancer cells.
Drug discovery is increasingly focusing on protein kinases, enzymes that phosphorylate proteins and other organic molecules. The signal-transduction pathways that are crucial to a wide range of disorders, particularly cancer and inflammatory diseases can be disrupted by inhibiting these enzymes.
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3. Which of the following is the largest single membrane-bound intracellular
compartment
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Nucleus
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
The largest single membrane-bound intracellular Endoplasmic Reticulum
The cellular membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the indoors of the mobile from the outdoor surroundings. The cellular membrane includes a lipid bilayer this is semipermeable. The mobile membrane regulates the transport of materials getting into and exiting the mobile.
What Are cell Membranes fabricated from?
With few exceptions, cellular membranes — together with plasma membranes and internal membranes — are product of glycerophospholipids, molecules composed of glycerol, a phosphate organization, and two fatty acid chains.
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what evidence does not explain how mid-ocean ridges are formed
Mid-ocean ridges are found on the bottom of most oceans.
Mid-ocean ridges occur along diverging plate boundaries where new ocean floors form as the Earth's tectonic plates spread. When the plates separate, lava rises to the seafloor, and huge volcanic eruptions of basalt occur. Propagation at mid-ocean ridges is thought to involve two processes: ridge push and slab pull.
Ridge push refers to the gravitational sliding of an oceanic plate that is lifted above the hotter asthenosphere, creating a body force that causes the plate to slide downward. The material that erupts at the propagation center along the mid-ocean ridge is primarily basalt the most common rock on Earth. A raised region with a central valley on the seafloor at the boundary between two diverging tectonic plates where new crust is forming from rising magma.
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the all-or-none law applies to which part(s) of a neuron?
The all-or-none law applies to an axon part(s) of a neuron.
When a strong enough stimulus results in an action potential, a neuron sends information down an axon and toward the synapse.
The all or none law is applied to each individual fiber of a motor unit. This idea states that when a motor unit is subjected to a stimulus that is potent enough to elicit a response, all of the muscle fibers will contract simultaneously and as forcefully as is possible.
In physiology, the all-or-none law (also known as the all-or-none principle or all-or-nothing law) states that if a single nerve fiber is activated, it will always respond maximally and generate an electrical impulse with a single amplitude.
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inheritance patterns such as incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and sex linkage from the results of crosses
In incomplete dominance, the allele that produces the ruddy color (R) isn't communicated over the allele that produces the white color (r). The coming about descendants is all pink.
In the case of codominance, a red bloom and white blossom that have a codominance legacy design, the descendant would be blooms with red and white patches on them.
Multiple alleles in crosses influence one or the same character but result in the formation of various traits.
In sex-linkage crosses, the X-linked legacy appeared when comes about of corresponding crosses are distinctive, and the quality included is likely to be X-linked (sex connected).
In hereditary, dominance is the marvel of one variation of quality on a chromosome concealing or superseding the impact of a diverse variety of the same quality on the other duplicate of the chromosome.
The definition of incomplete dominance is the hereditary circumstance when one quality for a characteristic does not rule over another quality for the same characteristic, and the result may be a characteristic that's halfway between the two.
Codominance is simple to spot in plants and creatures that have more than one shade color. Spotted bovines and blossoms with petals of two diverse colors are cases of codominance, for the case. Codominance too happens in a few less unmistakable characteristics, such as blood sort.
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Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:
Illustrate inheritance patterns such as incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and sex linkage from the results of their respective crosses.
Which statements describe functions of DNA? Select three options.
DNA gives instructions on how to make keratin, the protein that makes up human hair and skin.
DNA contains information about eye and fur color that is passed on from parents to kittens.
DNA provides energy for cheetahs to run fast.
DNA helps create substances that fight the bacteria that enter the body.
DNA stores energy for a bear as it hibernates during the winter.
The correct answer about the description of what the DNA does are as follows:
DNA gives instructions on how to make keratin, the protein that makes up human hair and skin.DNA contains information about eye and fur color that is passed on from parents to kittens.DNA helps create substances that fight the bacteria that enter the body.The correct answer choice are options a, b and d.
How DNA gives instructions for protein synthesisIt follows that DNA known by deoxyribonucleic acid is one of the nucleic acid found in the nucleus of living organisms. The DNA has 1001 functions; among which include the giving instructions on the production of proteins in the body.
The DNA gives codes on how to make proteins in the process of transcription. During this process, it works on the principle of using deoxyribonucleic acid as a template to produce the messanger ribonucleic acid also in the nucleus. This whole process result in the synthesis of proteins.
So therefore, we can accurately confirm that one the major functions of DNA is that it helps in the manufacture if proteins.
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A B and C
Explanation:
Humans who have an abnormally high level of cholesterol are said to suffer from familial hypercholesterolemia marries a woman who is homozygous for the recessive allele. What is the probability that they will have children that suffer from the disorder?
The probability that the offspring of the cross between a familial hypercholesterolemia diseased father and a homozygous recessive mother suffering from the disease will be zero.
Familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominant disease in which the levels of low density lipid (LDL) are abnormally high in the patient. The disease is very serious and may even result in death at a a very young age. The person carrying only one allele for the disease is called a carrier for the disease and is relatively at low risk.
A cross between familial hypercholesterolemia (HH) diseased father and a homozygous recessive (hh) mother:
HH × hh → Hh and Hh
The above cross shows that the offspring will only be a carrier of the disease and not actually suffer from the disorder.
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Which describes the major thesis contained in darwin’s book, on the origin of species by means of natural selection?.
Plants and animals gradually evolved through a process called natural selection.
Natural selection in Darwin's theory
In reality, natural selection is a bit more complicated than that. It's the process by which organisms adapt to their environment to survive and reproduce. And it's the basis for Darwin's theory of evolution. Natural selection is the process in which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more than those less adapted to their environment. For example, tree frogs are sometimes eaten by snakes and birds.
What is the Origin of the Species by Charles Darwin?
The Origin of the Species by Charles Darwin is one of the most important books in the history of biology. In it, Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory states that species evolve through the process of natural selection. This occurs when some individuals in a population are better equipped to survive and reproduce than others. These individuals are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation, and over time, the population as a whole will change.
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is one of the most important scientific theories of all time. It has helped biologists to understand how life on Earth has changed over time, and it is still an essential part of our understanding of biology today.
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Often appear as change in skin, such as a growth, irritation, or sore that does not heal or as a change in a wart or mole.
Skin cancer often appear as change in skin, such as a growth, irritation, or sore that does not heal or as a change in a wart or mole.
What is Cancer?This is referred as a medical condition in which cells of the body divide in an uncontrollable manner and then spreads to other parts which makes it dangerous.
It also occurs in different types of forms such as a growth, irritation, or sore that does not heal or as a change in a wart or mole which is why special attention and observation is needed for quick detection and treatment in other to increase survival chances.
Cancerous cells compete with healthy cells for nutrients and other resources in the body and are usually treated through chemotherapy or radiotherapy which helps in killing the cancer cells.
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What are genera of protists that parasitize humans except?
Chlamydomonas are genera of protists that parasitize humans except
Chlamydomonas is a genus of green algae with only one cell (Chlorophyta). In soil, fresh water, oceans, and even in the snow on mountaintops, these algae can be found all over the planet. This genus of algae has two anterior flagella that let them to swim with a motion akin to the breaststroke, a cell wall, a chloroplast, and a "eye" that can detect light. Chlamydomonas has been described in more than 500 different species, however most researchers only work with a few of them.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the species utilized in laboratories the most frequently. This species' haploid cells can thrive on an easy inorganic salts media while employing photosynthesis to generate energy.
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glycolysis generates more stored energy than it expends. what is the net number of activated carrier molecules produced in this process (number and type of molecules produced minus the number of those molecules used as input)?
The net number of activated carrier molecules produced in this process is 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
Two ATP molecules supply the necessary energy for the splitting of glucose. Energy is released during glycolysis, and this energy is used to create four molecules of ATP. Thus, during glycolysis, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules are formed at the end of glycolysis.
Where does glycolysis take place?
One 6-carbon glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis in the cytoplasm, where it is oxidized to produce two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. Pyruvate's fate is determined by whether or not the cells have oxygen.
Therefore, The net number of activated carrier molecules produced in this process is 2 ATP and 2 NADH
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Nitrogen returns to the atmosphere through a process called(1 point)
Responses
nitrogen fixation.
nitrogen fixation.
nitrification.
nitrification.
denitrification.
denitrification.
nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen returns to the atmosphere through a process called denitrification. Option C.
Denitrification is the process of converting nitrate to nitrogen gas thereby removing bioavailable nitrogen and returning it to the atmosphere. Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere through the activity of organisms known as decomposers. increase. Some bacteria are decomposers breaking down the complex nitrogen compounds found in dead organisms and animal waste.
Denitrification is a microbial process that reduces nitrates and nitrites to gaseous nitrogen primarily nitrous oxide N2O and nitrogen N2. Various microorganisms can denitrify. Denitrification is a response to changes in oxygen O2 concentration in the immediate environment. Atmospheric nitrogen is utilized by certain microorganisms through a biological fixation process. Alone or in symbiotic relationships with some plants and animals microorganisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen.
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A single prescription is usually written as such that it may be refilled no more than ________ times.
A single prescription is usually written as such that it may be refilled no more than five times.
A prescription can be defined as the list of medicines, medical tests or treatments written by the doctor according to a patient's symptoms. This prescription should then be taken accordingly to the chemist, or testing laboratory to accomplish the mentioned treatments.
According to the Code of Federal Regulations, no prescription can be refilled for the sixth time. Also, the prescription can be refilled only for up to 6 months from the date of which it was prescribed. Code of Federal Regulations is a general codification rulebook that mentions the rules related to various domains in the US.
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Give at least ten examples of farming of animals which can improve the economy of Pakistan. Describe the products and benefits of each example as well.
Some of the examples of farming of animals which can improve the economy of Pakistan includes bison, dairy cattle, goats, sheep, poultry, camels, asses, pony, donkeys,
All these examples help the Pakistan economy by giving draft power,
significant natural creature proteins and its side-effects bones, mohair, stows away, skin, excrement, fleece, and so on. Milk, eggs, margarine, meat and oils are primary wellsprings of sustenance that are gigantically essential to the great wellbeing and sufficient nourishment of both the country and metropolitan populaces.Numerous items got from animals, like fleece items, calfskin items and creature stow away, are sent out and contribute altogether to the securing of unfamiliar trade.Agriculture in Pakistan:
Being a country that has a generally rustic and horticulture-based industry, animal cultivation assumes a significant part in the economy of Pakistan and is a significant wellspring of job for some ranchers. It is assessed that there are somewhere in the range of 30 and 35 million individuals in Pakistan's ongoing workforce who are participated in animals. While the horticultural practice is pervasive all through the whole country, it is more considered normal in the ripe regions of Punjab and Sindh, which are customarily the primary areas of agribusiness and cultivating movement. In 2020, the animal's business was contributing 60.6 % to in general farming and 11.7 % to the Gross domestic product.
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Identify the different parts of the sarcomere and label the following image using the words below.
Thin filament, sarcomere, thick filament, I Band, A Band, Z Line
The different parts of the sarcomere include:
Thin filamentsThick filamentsI bandA bandZ lineSarcomereWhat is sarcomere?A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber.
Each sarcomere is known to be composed of two main protein filaments which is the actin and myosin.
The actin and myosin are the active structures responsible for muscular contraction. The most popular model that describes muscular contraction is called the sliding filament theory.
The structure of the sarcomere is traditionally described with dark and light bands which is visible under the microscope. This banding pattern in sarcomeres is due mainly to the arrangement of thick and thin myofilaments in each unit.
In conclusion, the main function of the myofibrils found in the sarcomere is to produce a muscular contraction in which the filaments slide over each other. The contraction is induced at the neuromuscular junction via the neurotransmitter called acetylcholine.
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PLS HELP RN PLS
When two molecules of water are oxidized by PSII, how many total hydrogens are generated in the thylakoid lumen?
If 4 molecules of water are oxidized by the light-dependent reactions, how many molecules of ATP are formed directly as a result?
When two molecules of water are oxidized by PSII, the total hydrogens generated in the thylakoid lumen is 4 hydrogen ions.
When 4 molecules of water are oxidized by the light-dependent reactions, six molecules of ATP are formed directly as a result
What is the light reaction in photosynthesis?The light-dependent reaction in photosynthesis is the reaction that occurs in the presence of sunlight as a catalyst.
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in photosystems I, PSI, and photosystems II, PSII present in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
In the light reactions of photosynthesis, water molecules are oxidized to oxygen and ATP molecules are produced which drives the dark reactions of photosynthesis.
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I need help with questions 8-10 please help.
8. Plasma membrane.
9. carbon dioxide and oxygen gas.
10. Lysosomes.
The plasma membrane's composition ?The majority of plasma membranes are composed of roughly 50% lipid and 50% protein by weight; the carbohydrate components of glycolipids and glycoproteins make up 5–10% of the membrane composition.
What is the combination of CO2 and oxygen?Carbogen
A mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen gas is known as carbogen, also known as Meduna's Mixture after its creator Ladislas Meduna.
What do lysosomes do, and why?The digestive system of the cell, or lysosomes, is responsible for breaking down substances taken up from the outside as well as old cell parts.
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on the basis of this information, are the r1 and sub mutations intragenic suppressors or intergenic suppressors?
r1 and sub-mutations are intragenic suppressors. Second mutations in the same gene, known as intragenic suppressors, allow the mutant gene product to resume its original function.
A suppressor is a secondary mutation that compensates for the main mutation's loss of function. An "intragenic suppressor" is a suppressor mutation that occurs inside the same gene, whereas a "intergenic suppressor" is a suppressor mutation that occurs in a distinct gene.
Intergenic suppressor mutation is a second mutation that mitigates the impact of a mutation in one gene by a mutation elsewhere in the genome, whereas intragenic suppressor mutation refers to a second mutation within the same gene that restores the function of the mutant gene product.
A secondary mutation called a suppressor is one that compensates for the main mutation's loss of function. The terms "intragenic suppressor" and "intergenic suppressor" are used to describe suppressor mutations that take place within the same gene and, respectively, in distinct genes.
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Which of the following is true about promoter sequences?
a. They are identical for all genes in the genome.
b. They are the places that DNA polymerase lands and tell it where to start transcribing.
c. They can be read in either direction.
d. They are found upstream of the transcription start site.
The option that is true about promoter sequence is d. they are found upstream of the transcription start site.
The promoter sequence is the region of the DNA that is recognized by RNA polymerase for beginning the transcription of a gene.
The promoter sequence is always present upstream to the transcription start site.
This sequence is present usually upstream but near to the gene to be transcribed.
However, for some genes the promoter sequence is located far away from the transcription site but it is always in the upstream region.
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How does an object's mass affect its kinetic energy?
Answer:
as mass increases, kinetic energy increases, if all other factors are held constant.
Explanation:
The velocity at which an object is sent moving and the mass of the object both play a hand in the level of kinetic energy that object produces. Mass and kinetic energy have a positive relationship
in some cases of brain damage, the function of the damaged area will be taken over by another area not typically associated with that function.
a.true
b. false
Yes, it is true that in some cases of brain damage, the function of the damaged area will be taken over by another area not typically associated with that function.
What exactly is a brain injury, and how is it handled?
Brain damage is an injury or deterioration of the brain's cells and tissues. Depending on the location of the injury, the underlying cause, and the forms of treatment and intervention used to address it, it may range from mild to severe and manifest itself in the brain.
What takes place when there is harm to the frontal lobe of the brain?Speaking, personality, emotions, and judgment all come from the front of the brain (under the forehead). Impulsivity, personality problems, and trouble focusing can result from injury to this region of the brain.
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Which can cause cracks in rock formations over time?
Answer:
Mechanical Weathering
Explanation:
Mechanical weathering, also known as physical weathering and disaggregation, causes rocks to crumble.
Which of these describes the phases of the cell cycle in the correct order? A. cell growth → DNA replication → preparation for mitosis → cell division B. cell division → DNA replication → preparation for mitosis → cell growth C. DNA replication → preparation for mitosis → cell growth → cell division D. preparation for mitosis → cell division → DNA replication →cell growth
Answer:
the answer is A
Explanation:
The cell needs to grow first before it can replicate. Then from there, it begins prepping for mitosis and divides after.
What category do you think humans fall into.
Answer:
Mammals
Explanation:
Humans are classified as mammals because humans have the same distinctive features found in all members of this large group. Humans are also classified within: the subgroup of mammals called primates; and the subgroup of primates called apes and in particular the 'Great Apes'
What digestive effects would not be caused by a molecule that selectively blocks the sodium-glucose cotransporter?
Watery feces would not be induced by a chemical that specifically inhibits the sodium-glucose cotransporter as a result of enhanced water transport into the large intestine due to high glucose concentration.
A sodium-glucose cotransporter, Sodium Glucose Linked Transporters (SGLT), requires energy to transport glucose (uphill glucose gradient). They make advantage of the energy generated by the ATPase pump's downward sodium ion gradient. The movement of sodium and glucose across cell membranes is mediated by sodium-glucose cotransporter activity. Cotransport is fueled by the basolateral sodium/potassium ATPase's active sodium extrusion, which facilitates glucose absorption despite an internal uphill gradient.
As a result, a chemical that prevents sodium ions from attaching to the sodium-glucose cotransport protein will also prevent glucose transport. Therefore, a drug that selectively blocks the sodium-glucose cotransporter would not generate watery feces as a result of increased transport of water into the large intestine caused by a high glucose concentration.
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12. Fill in the table below
Saturated fats are solid at room temperature. unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature. Commonly saturated fats are found in animal foods and also in plant foods. Unsaturated fats are mostly found in plant foods. The bonds connecting in saturated fats are single bonds and in unsaturated fats are one or more double bonds.
What is saturated fats?When the fatty acid chains in a fat have only single bonds, the fat is said to be saturated. Glycerides, a type of fat, are composed of two different kinds of smaller molecules: fatty acids, which each have a long linear or branched chain of carbon (C) atoms, and glycerol, which has a short backbone.
it is solid at room temperature because of it's molecular shape.
mostly found in animals fats.
What is unsaturated fats?Chemical composition is a defining characteristic of unsaturated fats. They can be categorised as monounsaturated or polyunsaturated and are liquid or soft at room temperature (as in oils and spreads). Unsaturated fatty acids may have a variety of health advantages, but overall, they are better for you than saturated fats.
it is liquid at room temperature.
mostly found in plant fats .
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