An anode is an electrode, it can be a metal or another conductor. in an electrochemical cell that is polarized if an electric current flows into it. Electric current flows opposite to the direction of movement of electrons. In electrochemical processes, both galvanic cells (batteries) and electrolysis cells, anodes undergo oxidation.
In contrast to an Anode, a Cathode is an electrode pole in an electrochemical cell that is polarized if this pole is positively charged (so that an electric current will flow out of it, or the movement of electrons will enter this pole).
In galvanic cells or power plants (batteries), the anode is the negative pole. The electrode will release electrons towards the circuit and hence an electric current flows into this electrode and makes it an anode and negative.
a chemist adds of a copper(ii) sulfate solution to a reaction flask. calculate the millimoles of copper(ii) sulfate the chemist has added to the flask. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
A chemist adds 0.50L of a 0.485M of a copper(II) sulfate solution to a reaction flask. The number of millimoles of copper(II) sulfate the chemist added to the flask is 242.5 millimoles.
The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of a solute present in the definite amount of a solution. It is calculated by the formula
Molarity=moles/volume(in L)
Rearrange the formula for moles
moles=Molarity×volume(in L)
We have volume of solution, which is 0.50L and molarity is 0.485M, which is 0.485 mol/L. Plug values in the formula
moles=(0.485 mol/L)×0.50 L
moles=0.2425 mol
moles = 0.24 mol
Convert the above moles into millimoles. Since 1mol=1000mmol
0.24 mol×(1000 mmol/1 mol)
=240 mmol
Therefore, the number of millimoles that chemist added in the flask is 240 mmol.
Your question will be incomplete but the complete question would be like shown below
a chemist adds 0.50L of a 0.485M of a copper(ii) sulfate solution to a reaction flask. calculate the millimoles of copper(ii) sulfate the chemist has added to the flask. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
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What are the pure substances that make up all kinds of matter and are made up of atoms.
An element cannot be converted together into simpler substance since it is a pure material made up of just one type of atom.
What does a matter mean in chemistry?Matter is everything that occupies space and appears to have mass; in other words, substance is really the "stuff" that now the cosmos is made of. They don't change into other elements through normal chemical processes and have distinct chemical and physical properties.
What is it mean to utilize an example of matter?A material that is frequently referred to this as matter and that has a specific mass and volume distributed throughout space. Matters include things like pens, notebooks, toothbrushes, glasses, and milk, to name a few.
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you have determined that a and b react to form products. which of the following experimental designs would produce data that would allow you to determine the order of the reaction with respect to reactant a? question 5 options: vary the concentrations of reactants a and b. vary the concentration of reactant a while keeping the concentration of reactant b constant. vary the concentration of reactant b while keeping the concentration of reactant a constant. vary the temperature while keeping the concentrations of both reactants constant.
Even if the reactant concentrations alter, the rate constant remains the same. The rate constant rises as the reactant concentrations decline.
What does the word "reaction" signify in chemistry?One or even more chemicals, also referred to as reaction mixture, are transformed within one or more other substances, often referred to as products, in a nuclear reaction. Subatomic particles or combinations make up materials.
Using an illustration, define respond.A chemical reaction occurs once one or more atoms change into one or more other molecules. An illustration of this is that when iron + oxygen combine to make rust. When acidic and caustic granules are mixed, salt, CO2, plus moisture are indeed the results. burning or exploding objects
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which of the following procedures will allow the student to determine the rate constant, k , for the reaction? responses plot ln [x] versus time and determine the magnitude of the slope. plot ln [x] versus time and determine the magnitude of the slope. plot 1/[x] versus time and determine the magnitude of the slope. plot 1/[x] versus time and determine the magnitude of, the slope. run another trial of the experiment with a different initial concentration, plot the data on the same graph, and see where the curves intersect. run another trial of the experiment with a different initial concentration, plot the data on the same graph, and see where the curves intersect. run another trial of the experiment at a different temperature, plot the data on the same graph, and see where the curves have the same slope.
c) plot ln [x] versus time and determine the magnitude of the slope.
What is a rate constant?
The rate and direction of a chemical reaction are quantified in chemical kinetics by the reaction rate constant, or reaction rate coefficient, k.
For reactants A and B to combine to generate the product C
a A + b B → c C
The reaction rate frequently takes the following form:
[tex]r=k(T)[A]^{m} [B]^{n}[/tex]
Here, [A] and [B] are the molar concentrations of substances A and B in moles per unit volume of solution, assuming the reaction is occurring throughout the volume of the solution, and k(T) is the reaction rate constant that varies on temperature.
Check the attached file for the graph.
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A container has a mass of 125 g. When a liquid is added, the
mass becomes 163 g. What is the mass of the liquid?
Answer:
38 g
Explanation:
to find the mass of the liquid we just subtract the mass of the container by the mass of the container after they added the liquid
163-125
38
The liquid is 38 g
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How does an object's mass impact its mechanical energy?
How does an object's speed impact its mechanical energy?
Therefore, the mechanical energy of an object is proportional to its mass, its height, or its vertical position.
Mechanical energy depends on the position and motion of an object, and its force is the sum of its moving energy and its stored energy. That is, mechanical energy is produced when the potential energy of an object combines with its kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of a moving object is directly proportional to its mass, which is directly proportional to the square of its velocity.
This means that an object with twice the mass and the same velocity has twice the kinetic energy, and an object with the same mass and twice the velocity has four times the kinetic energy. Mechanical energy is defined as the ability of a body to do work. The amount of work an object can do depends on two things position and movement. Before delving further into mechanical energy we need to understand more about how the position and motion of an object affect its energy.
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T/F
The transportation term of sale known as Free on Board (FOB) origin requires that the seller legally retains ownership of the product from the point of origin until it reaches the buyers destination
True. Free on Board (FOB) is a term of sale that establishes who is responsible for the costs of shipping and receiving the goods.
The seller is legally responsible for the goods until they are loaded onto the shipping vessel and the buyer is responsible for the shipment from then on. This helps to ensure that the buyer and seller both understand who is responsible for what costs associated with the shipment.
The Role of Free on Board (FOB) in International TradeThe Free on Board (FOB) term of sale is an essential component of many international trade agreements. FOB is a legal term that establishes who is responsible for the costs of shipping and receiving goods. It is used to ensure that the buyer and seller both understand who is responsible for what costs associated with the shipment. This helps to ensure that both parties are protected in the case of any issues that may arise during the shipping process.
The FOB term of sale is especially beneficial for international trade. In the case of international trade, the seller is legally responsible for the goods until they are loaded onto the shipping vessel. This means that the seller must ensure that the goods are in good condition and fit for shipping. This helps to protect the buyer's interests and ensures that the goods are delivered in a timely and satisfactory manner.
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If 11.0 g of water are produced when the expected yield is 11.6 g, what is the percent yield?
The percent yield will be equal to 94.8 % when the expected yield is 11.6 g.
What is the percent yield?The percentage yield can be defined as the ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield. Yield can be described as a measure of the number of moles of a product produced in a chemical reaction in proportion to the amount of reactant consumed.
The percentage yield can determine the difference between the actual product produced and the maximum calculated yield.
Percent yield = Actual yield/ expected yield × 100 %
Given, the amount of produce in the reaction = 11 g
The actual yield of the water = 11.0 g
The expected or theoretical yield = 11.6 g
Percent yield = (11/11.6) × 100 = 94.8 %
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determine the vaport pressure o a substance at 29 deg celcius whose normal bioling point is 76 deg celcius and has a delta h vap of 38.7 kj.mol
The vapor pressure of a substance at 29 °C whose normal boiling point is 76 °C and has a ΔHvap of 38.7 kJ mol is 94 mmHg
given that :
Temperature T1 = 76 °C = 349 K
Temperature T2 = 29 °C = 302 K
pressure P1 = 1 atm = 760 atm
pressure P2 = ?
R = 8.314 J/K mol
ΔHvap = 38.7 kJ mol = 38700 J mol
using the Clausius Clapeyron equation we get:
ln(P2 / P1 ) = -ΔHvap /R ( 1/ T2 - 1/ T1)
ln ( P2 / 1) = - 38700 / 8.314 ( 1/302 - 1/ 349)
ln(P2) = - 2.076
P2 = e^-2.076
P2 = 0.125 atm = 94 mmHg
The vapor pressure = 94 mmHg
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How does fiscal policy help economic growth?.
The government can influence the economy by changing its level of expenditure and tax revenue, which would either increase or decrease economic activity in the short term.
There are two basic tools available to policymakers when they want to affect the economy: monetary policy and fiscal policy. Through changes to interest rates, bank reserve requirements, purchases and sales of government securities, and foreign exchange, central banks can indirectly target activity by modifying the money supply. By altering tax revenue and types, spending amounts and types, and borrowing amounts and types, governments have an impact on the economy. Both directly and indirectly, governments have an impact on how economic resources are employed. In order to determine an economy's production, or gross domestic product (GDP), according to expenditures, national income accounting uses the following equation:
GDP is calculated as being equal to C plus I plus G plus N.
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the half-life of radium-226 is 1590 years. if a sample contains 400 mg, how many mg will remain after 3000 years?
26.86 milligrams will remain after 3000 years
How many mg will remain ?Half-life of radium-226 is 1590 years. if a sample contains 400 mg
The half life =1590years
t0=100
time=0
t1=50
time=1590
t2=25
time=2(1590)
t3=12.5
time=3(1590)
an=a0⋅(1/2)^n1
period=159
years n= 3000/1590=1.896
an = 100⋅(1/2) ^1.896
an=26.86 milligrams
26.86 milligrams will remain after 3000 years.
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26.86 milligrams will remain after 3000 years
How many mg will remain ?Half-life of radium-226 is 1590 years. if a sample contains 400 mgAll radium isotopes are radioactive, with radium-226 having the longest half-life at 1600 years. Ionizing radiation is emitted as a byproduct of radium decay, which can excite fluorescent compounds and result in radioluminescence. Uranium ores contain small amounts of the alkaline earth metal radium. Radon gas is produced when its most stable isotope, 226Ra, decays after 1602 years.The half life =1590years
t0=100
time=0
t1=50
time=1590
t2=25
time=2(1590)
t3=12.5
time=3(1590)
an=a0⋅(1/2)^n1
period=159
years n= 3000/1590=1.896
an = 100⋅(1/2) ^1.896
an=26.86 milligrams
26.86 milligrams will remain after 3000 years.
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The equation for the reaction is:
2 Na + Br2 → 2 NaBr
1 g of bromine reacts with sodium.
Calculate the number of bromine molecules in 1 g of bromine.
1 mole of bromine contains 6.02 × 1023 bromine molecules.
Relative formula mass (Mr) of bromine = 160
One mole of bromine molecule weighs 160 g and the number molecules in one mole of any substance is 6.02 ×10²³. 1 g of Br₂ is 0.0062 moles thus number of molecules is 0.037 ×10²³.
What is Avogadro number?One mole of any substance contains 6.02 ×10²³ number of atoms. This number is called Avogadro number. Thus, one mole of every elements contains Avogadro number of atoms.
Similarly, one mole of every molecule or compound contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules. Br₂ weighs 160 g for one mole. One mole of Br₂ contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules.
Number of moles in 1 g of bromine gas is 1/160 =0.0062 moles. Thus number of molecules in 0.0062 moles of Br₂ is
= 0.0062 × 6.02 × 10²³
= 0.037 × 10²³
Therefore, the number of molecules in 1 g of Br₂ is 0.037 × 10²³
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How do you do 2s facts?.
2s complement means the negative of a binary number which is represented by switching all ones to zeros and all zeros to ones and then adding one to the result.
Some steps to be followed-
Step 1: Write the absolute value of the given number in binary form. Prefix this number with 0, indicate that it is positive.
Step 2: Take the complement of each bit. This can be done by changing zeroes to ones and ones to zero.
Step 3: To your result one is added.
For example- We have to find 2's complement of binary number 10101110. Then simply we have to invert each bit of given binary number, which comes out to be 01010001. Then we have to add 1 to the LSB of this result, that is 01010001+1=01010010.
01010010 will be the answer.
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heat is added to one of the two gases until the internal energies of the gases are equal. to which chamber does heat need to be added for the internal energies to be equal? explain.
As a result, as the gas's temperature T rises, its molecules move more quickly and its internal energy U rises (indicating that Δ U \Delta U ΔU is positive).
Describe a molecular example.A molecule is the smallest particle of any material that is composed of one or more elements and is present in the dataset independently while maintaining all of the substance's physical and chemical properties. Further atom division occurs within molecules. For instance, the atom and molecule of oxygen are represented by the letters O and O2, correspondingly.
What do you call molecules?A atom is the smallest element of something like a substance that keeps its content and properties. It is made up of two or more atoms that are joined together by chemical bonds. Chemistry is built on molecules. The material emblem and a subscript that denotes the number of protons are used to identify molecules.
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what is the concentration of 952 grams of ammonium carbonate are dissolved to make 1750 ml of solution expressed in molarity?
The concentration of 952 grams of ammonium carbonate are dissolved to make 1750 ml of solution expressed in molarity is 54.4 g/mL
(%m/v.) =mass of solute (in g.)/volume of solution (in mL.) x100.0
= 952g. (NH4)2CO3/1750mL. x100
= 0.544x 100
(%m/v.) = 54.4g/mL. or 54.4 percent concentration of. ammonium carbonate solution.
It is used as a leavening agent and as a smelling salt because heating it causes it to quickly degrade into gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ammonium Carbonate is an odorless, colorless, or white, crystalline (sand-like) powder. It is utilized in pharmaceutical, reagents, smelling salts, tanning, mordant dyeing, and baking powders. High levels of ammonia in the air can cause immediate burning in the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory system as well as lung damage, blindness, or even death. Lower concentrations can make you cough and irritate your nose and throat when you breathe them in.
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indicate which molecule contains the largest number of one-pair electrons indicate which molecule contains the largest number of one-pair electrons no h2o o3 co2 n2o
According to the given statement O₃ molecule contains the largest number of one-pair electrons no.
What is a molecule and example?A molecule is an object comprised of a few atoms that are linked together chemically; the precise number of protons and neutrons that make up a protein is known. One hydrogen atom gets joined between one chlorine atom to form the molecule HCl(g), for instance. It is referred to as a diatomic molecule and has only two atoms.
Is water a molecule?Molecules are created when atoms come together. Two hydro (H) atoms but one ozone (O) atom make up the three atoms that make up a water molecule. Because of this, water is occasionally abbreviated as H2O. There are billions of molecules of water in a single liquid drop.
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How many valence electrons is a full shell?.
There are 8 valence electrons in a full shell.
The eight or octet rule is the tendency of atoms to have eight electrons in their valence shells. The eight electrons in this last shell make the atom stable and unreactive. For example, noble gases are among the least reactive chemical elements in nature.
The full valence shell is the most stable electronic configuration. Other groups of elements have partially filled valence shells and gain or lose electrons to achieve stable electronic configurations. Atoms can gain or lose electrons to achieve the most stable electronic configuration, the full valence shell. Most elements important in biology require 8 electrons in their outermost shell to be stable.
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Part D Br Based on your answers to Parts A, B, and C select the best Lewis structure (electron-dot structure) for HCH View Available Hint(s) C:Br:H:
CH₃Br (Methyl bromide or bromoethane) is an alkyl halide. It only possesses one carbon atom. Three C-H bonds and one C-Br bond make up CH3Br's Lewis structure. The core atom is carbon, while the bromine atom possesses three lone pairs.
What is a Lewis structure?Lewis structures are diagrams that show the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule. They are often referred to as Lewis dot structures or electron dot structures.
What is the Lewis structure of CH₃Br?Since Hydrogen is always on the outside and Carbon is less electronegative than Bromine, it is always positioned in the middle with Bromine being placed on top. The CH3Br molecule contains the elements hydrogen, carbon, and bromine. There are a total of 14 valence electrons in CH3Br.
The valence electrons given by:
Hydrogen atoms = 1×3 = 3
Carbon atom = 4×1 = 4
Bromine atom = 7×1 = 7
Hence, the total valence electrons = 3 + 4 + 7 = 14
The electron-dot-structure is attached below.
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What is true about unstable isotopes?.
Unstable isotopes are defined as atoms which have unstable nuclei.These are also called as radioisotopes as they emit radiation.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are defined as substances having same number of protons but different number of neutrons.Number of protons is characteristic for determining position of elements in the periodic table.
Since,all isotopes have the same number of protons and hence have same position.They have similar chemical properties as they have same number of electrons.
They find applications in the field of nuclear medicine and oil and gas research . There are 2 types of isotopes : stable and unstable
Unstable isotopes are radioactive and are called as radioisotopes.
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3. why is the average atomic mass in amu(atomic mass unit) of a carbon-12 atom reported as 12.011 instead of 12 on the periodic table of the elements?
the solution to be analyzed has an absorbance of 0.86 . calculate the molar concentration of cu2 ions in this solution.
The molar concentration of the cu2 ions is 0.23M.
What is molar concentration?
The best way to describe the concentration of a solute in a solution is in terms of its molar concentration. The term "molarity" (M = mol/L) refers to the total number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre of solution.
What is absorbance?
The amount of light absorbed by a solution is known as its absorbance (A), or optical density (OD). Quantity of light passing through a solution is known as transmittance.
Therefore, the molar concentration of the cu2 ions is 0.23M.
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What are the items included in a citation?.
A citation typically contains the following information: the title of the book, article, or other sources; the name of the author; details, if any, about the journal from which it was derived; the date it was published; and, if it was read online, the date it was accessed.
A source is cited in a citation. A citation is, more precisely, a condensed alphanumeric phrase that appears in the text of an intellectual work and designates an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work in order to acknowledge the applicability of other people's works to the topic under discussion at the location where the citation appears.
The author, the title, the year of publication, and the name of the publisher are required in all book citations in APA, MLA, and Chicago formats. In-text citations also provide a page number to emphasize the particular passage mentioned.
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when chlorine gas, cl2, is reduced to cl- ions, how many electrons does each chlorine molecule take on?
Chlorine atoms make up the chlorine gas. Each chlorine gains an electron during the reaction to create a chloride ion (Cl-), which is the process known as reduction.
What exactly is a chloride ion?The anion (negative charge ion) called Cl is the chloride ion. It is created when a molecule like hydrogen chloride dissolves in water or even other polar solvents, or when the halogen element chlorine obtains an electron. Sodium chloride and other chloride salts are frequently very miscible in aqueous.
Why are chloride ions charged positively?Again, the gain of one electron is more power for chlorine than the loss of seven. In order to produce an ions with 17 proton, 17 neutron, and 18 electron, it usually gains an electron.
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the choice of solvent can also affect the products obtained in alkene reactions. indicate the preferred product obtained when 1-methylcyclohexene is reacted with bromine in diethyl ether or water solvents.
Elimination processes of compounds with excellent leaving groups connected to sp3 carbons are the main method used to create alkenes. Dehydrohalogenations with strong bases and the dehydration of alcohols with acids are two examples of these reactions. An addition reaction is the opposite of an elimination reaction.
What is Alkene reactions ?The addition reaction to a C=C double bond is the most frequent form of reaction for alkenes. In an addition reaction, a tiny molecule is added to several bonds, resulting in the conversion of one bond into two bonds (a decrease in the unsaturation degree).The bromines "anti-add" to the double bond's opposing faces. In this reaction, the solvent is occasionally stated; carbon tetrachloride is a typical solvent (CCl4). The addition of CCl4 has no effect on the reaction; it is merely used to distinguish it from reactions in which water serves as the solvent and a bromohydrin is produced.CCl4 is only the solvent and has no impact on the reaction (unlike when water or alcohols are the solvent – see bromohydrin formation page). To distinguish this reaction from situations where Br2 can promote bromination through a radical pathway, the word "dark" is occasionally used.
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What are the 3 main features inside a prokaryotic cell?.
The cytoplasm of prokaryotes is made up of protein-producing structures called ribosomes and a hold ” of DNA that floats around freely. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
A prokaryotic cell is what?Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that inhabit the Bacterio or Archaea domains. Eukaryotes lack proteins, really had no center, and are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells. A cell wall protects every prokaryotic cell. Many additionally have included a polysaccharide-based capsule or slime layer.
What are prokaryotic cells used for?They are capable of breathing, digesting, and other bioactivities. Being single-celled creatures, prokaryotic cells carry out all of these tasks in a single cell.
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the radioisotope 40k decays to 40ar by positron emission with a half-life of 1.27 x 109 years. a sample of lunar meteorite was found to contain 78 40ar atoms for every 22 40k atoms. the age of the meteorite is ------------- years.
The age of the meteorite is 2.77 × 10⁹ years. The result is obtained by using the exponential decay equation.
What is the exponential decay equation?The exponential decay equation can be used to calculate radioactive decay for the activity, the nuclei, and also the mass. The exponential decay equation for the mass is
[tex]m = m_{o} e^{- \lambda t}[/tex]
Where
m = remaining massm₀ = initial massλ = decay constant (0.693/T½)T½ = half-lifet = decay timeWe had a sample of lunar meteorite contained 100% K-40 at start. Now, the sample contains 78% Ar-40 and 22% K-40. The half life is 1.27 × 10⁹ years.
To find the age of the meteorite, we can use the exponential decay equation.
First, let's calculate the decay constant.
λ = 0.693 / T½
λ = 0.693 / 1.27 × 10⁹
λ = 0.54567 × 10⁻⁹
If the remaining K-40 is 22%, the decay time is
[tex]m = m_{o} e^{- \lambda t}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{m}{m_{o}} = e^{- \lambda t}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{22}{100} = e^{-0.54567 \times 10^{-9} t}[/tex]
[tex]ln \: 0.22 = ln \: (e^{0.54567 \times 10^{-9} t})[/tex]
- 1.514 = - 0.54567 × 10⁻⁹ t
t = 2.77 × 10⁹ years
Hence, the age of the lunar meteorite containing Ar-40 and K-40 is 2.77 × 10⁹ years.
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An illustration of a hand holding a pot of boiling water over a fire. the first is labeled a, the circular arrows in the boiling water are labeled b and the warmed handle is labeled c. identify the method of thermal energy transfer. a: b: c:
The transport of thermal energy through waves that can pass through air or perhaps even void space is known as thermal radiation.
Is transfer of energy a trustworthy business?3.8 out of 5 stars have been given to Energy Transfer overall based on 493 anonymous employee reviews. Employee satisfaction at Energy Transfer is 69%, and 67% of workers would recommend the company to a friend.
Why is energy transfer important?Living things need energy to move, breathe, expand, and generate offspring. Since energy cannot be created from nothing, it must be distributed throughout the environment. Almost all systems on Earth rely mostly on solar energy.
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Answer:
A: radiation
B: convection
C: conduction
Explanation:
right on Edge
Catalase is an enzyme found in yeast cells that facilitates the chemical breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of pH on catalase function. Five buffer solutions of varying pH (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) were prepared and added to separate test tubes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added to each test tube. Yeast was added, and the reactions were timed. After 1 minute the amount of oxygen gas released was determined by measuring the foam layer produced in each test tube. Figure 1 illustrates the experimental setup.
Figure 1. Illustration of experimental procedure
A set of five additional test tubes were prepared and used as controls. Which of the following best describes the contents expected to be contained in one of the five control test tubes?
Each of the five test tubes was supposed to have hydrogen peroxide and pH 4 solution was added as its only contents.
What is hydrogen and its uses?
Many other applications exist for hydrogen. It is used by the chemical industry to generate ch4 and methanol, that are intermediate as in synthesis of polymers and medications, in addition to ammonia for soil amendment (the Haber process). With in course of a petroleum process, it's also employed to remove sulfur in fuels.
Why is hydrogen not used as a fuel?
However, it is not utilized as a household fuel for a number of reasons: Because it is expensive to produce and is not readily available, hydrogen.
Hydrogen is less common in the environment than other gases.
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Calculate the ph at 25°c of a 0.045 m solution of a weak acid that has ka = 1.2 × 10−5
The pH of the 0.045 M solution of a weak acid that has ka = 1.2 x10-⁵ is 3.97.
What is the pH of a weakly acidic solution?The pH of a solution is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of that solution.
The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution.
Since weak acids are not completely ionized in solution, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to determine pH. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is expressed as
pH = pKa + log([A⁻] / [HA]
Where;
pKa = -log(Ka)
[A⁻] is the concentration of the conjugate base
[HA] is the concentration of the weak acid
Acid Ka = 1.2 * 10⁻⁵
[A⁻] = [H⁺] = x.
[HA] = 0.045 M - x.
Ka = [A⁻]·[H⁺] / [HA].
1.2·10⁻⁵ = x² / (0.045 M - x).
Solve quadratic equation: [H⁺] = 0.00001199M.
pH = -log[H⁺].
pH = -log(0.00001199 M).
pH = 4.92
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a. is not dangerous as it is relatively free from hazardous chemicals. b. contains approximately 70 carcinogens. c. is also known as mainstream smoke. d. none of these is correct.
The answer is b. contains approximately 70 carcinogens.
What is secondhand smoke?
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is another name for secondhand smoke (SHS) (ETS). It combines two types of smoke produced when burning tobacco:
The smoke that a smoker exhales is known as mainstream smoke.
Sidestream smoke is the smoke that comes from a cigarette, pipe, cigar, or hookah's lit end. Compared to other types of smoke, this one has higher levels of nicotine and cancer-causing substances (carcinogens).
It is referred to as passive smoking or involuntary smoking when nonsmokers are exposed to SHS. Similar to smokers, those who breathe in SHS inhale harmful compounds including nicotine. The concentrations of these dangerous compounds in your body increase as you breathe in more SHS.
To learn more about secondhand smoke
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