International trade theories promote the fact that countries of the world would achieve a higher standard of living by specializing in the production of goods in which they have the comparative advantage and import the ones in which they have the comparative disadvantages.

a) What is meant by the term comparative advantage and how does it differ from absolute advantage? Explain the two concepts using numerical examples.

b) Explain whether countries can gain from trade even without having an absolute advantage.

c) Briefly identify and discuss the characteristics of two (2) other trade theories.

d) Which trade theory best describes trade in the CARICOM Single Market and Economy framework and why?

Firms can hire additional workers without paying a premium because the real wage has increased due to a positive Aggregate Demand shock in a country with collective bargaining.

In the event of a sudden positive Aggregate Demand shock in a country where a high proportion of workers earn wages achieved through collective bargaining, firms are able to hire additional workers without paying a premium because the real wage has increased. When there is a positive Aggregate Demand shock, it leads to an increase in overall economic activity and higher demand for goods and services.

As a result, firms need to expand their production capacity and hire more workers. However, in a collective bargaining system, wages are typically negotiated every few years, and the agreed-upon wages may not reflect the current increased demand for labor. Therefore, firms can hire additional workers without paying a premium, as the negotiated wages do not immediately adjust to reflect the increased demand for labor. This situation can create a temporary imbalance in the labor market, where firms benefit from the increased supply of workers without having to pay higher wages.

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In both scenarios, as triangular arbitrage is performed, the Singapore dollar value in U.S. dollars should depreciate, the pound value in U.S. dollars should appreciate, and the pound value in Singapore dollars should depreciate. The correct answer is b.

To determine whether a currency appreciates or depreciates, we need to compare its value relative to another currency over time. In the context of triangular arbitrage, we can analyze the spot exchange rates to identify potential opportunities for profit.

In the first scenario provided, we have the exchange rates of the Singapore dollar (SGD) to U.S. dollar (USD) and the pound (GBP) to both USD and SGD.

To perform triangular arbitrage, we would start with a certain amount of SGD, convert it to USD, then convert the USD to GBP, and finally convert the GBP back to SGD.

If we observe that the resulting amount of SGD after the triangular arbitrage is greater than the initial amount, it implies that the SGD has appreciated.

In the given options, the correct answer is option (b) for both scenarios. This means that in the first scenario, the Singapore dollar value in U.S. dollars should depreciate, the pound value in U.S. dollars should appreciate, and the pound value in Singapore dollars should depreciate.

Similarly, in the second scenario, the Singapore dollar value in U.S. dollars should depreciate, the pound value in U.S. dollars should appreciate, and the pound value in Singapore dollars should appreciate.

It's important to keep track of the currency you start with when performing triangular arbitrage. In the given scenarios, the question specifies the starting exchange rates, such as the exchange rate of SGD in USD and the exchange rate of GBP in USD.

Therefore, we start with the currency indicated in the question and follow the triangular arbitrage process accordingly.

Hence, the correct option is b. The Singapore dollar value in U.S. dollars should depreciate, the pound value in U.S. dollars should appreciate, and the pound value in Singapore dollars should depreciate.

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The statement "perfectly competitive firms are price setters in the output market and in the factor markets" is false because a perfectly competitive market is one in which there are many small businesses that have no influence over the price of the goods they sell.

It is often referred to as a market structure, and it is characterized by a high degree of rivalry. When it comes to output, a perfectly competitive firm is a price-taker. This implies that the firm has no influence over the price at which it sells its products or services. It simply has to accept the price that the market has established. In this context, it is incorrect to refer to a perfectly competitive firm as a price-setter.

Similarly, in the factor market, perfectly competitive firms are not price-setters. They simply take the market price for labor, raw materials, and other factors of production.

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Option 1: First Mortgage loan for $380,000 with an effective interest cost of 9%.

Option 2: First Mortgage loan for $350,000 with terms: 6.6%, 30 years & Second Mortgage loan for $30,000 with terms: 12% 10 years.

Holding period: 6 years.

A. Calculate Monthly Payments and Loan Balances for Option 2:

To calculate the monthly payments and loan balances for Option 2, we need to determine the monthly payment for the first mortgage and the second mortgage. For the first mortgage, we can use the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term to calculate the monthly payment using a loan amortization formula. For the second mortgage, we can do the same calculation using the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term.

B. Do Present Value Analysis (show equation and solution method):

To conduct a present value analysis, we need to discount the future cash flows of each option back to their present value using the appropriate discount rate. We calculate the present value of the monthly payments for Option 1 and the combined present value of the monthly payments for Option 2 (first and second mortgage). By comparing the present values of the cash flows, we can determine which option has a higher present value, indicating a better financial outcome.

C. Decision: Which Option should be selected and reason for the selection:

Based on the results of the present value analysis, we can determine which option should be selected. The option with the higher present value of cash flows is the more favorable choice, as it indicates a greater financial benefit over the holding period. Therefore, we will select the option with the higher present value as the preferred option. The reason for the selection is that it offers a higher value of discounted cash flows, maximizing the financial advantage for the given holding period and loan terms.

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Here are the answers to your questions:

Blank-1 = 5.24

Arrival time of customer 2 = 0.7 minutes

Service time of customer 2 = 4.8 minutes

Therefore, the completion time of customer 2 = 0.7 + 4.8 = 5.5 minutes

The arrival time of customer 3 = 0.21 minutes

Therefore, the waiting time of customer 3 = 5.5 - 0.21 = 5.29 minutes

Since the waiting time is rounded to 2 digits after the decimal point, the answer is 5.24

Q2: Blank-2 = 6.36

The time spent in the system by customer 3 = 5.29 + 4.8 = 10.09 minutes

Since the time spent in the system is rounded to 2 digits after the decimal point, the answer is 6.36

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Based on the given information, the selling price per skateboard is approximately $46.85, and the variable expenses per skateboard are approximately $28.11.

We may divide the overall contribution margin by the number of units sold to determine the contribution margin per skateboard:

Contribution margin per skateboard = Contribution margin / Number of units sold

We may use the break-even threshold of 46,400 units to get the contribution margin per skateboard.

Contribution margin = $870,000

Number of units sold = 46,400

Contribution margin per skateboard = $870,000 / 46,400

Contribution margin per skateboard ≈ $18.75

Therefore, the contribution margin per skateboard is approximately $18.75.

1-b. To compute the selling price and variable expenses per skateboard,

Sales = $2,175,000

Variable expenses = $1,305,000

Number of units sold = 46,400

Selling price per skateboard = Sales / Number of units sold

Selling price per skateboard = $2,175,000 / 46,400

Selling price per skateboard ≈ $46.85

Variable expenses per skateboard = Variable expenses / Number of units sold

Variable expenses per skateboard = $1,305,000 / 46,400

Variable expenses per skateboard ≈ $28.11

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The complete question is probably

Tyrene Products manufactures recreational equipment. The operating results for the most recent year for one of its products, a skateboard, are presented below.

12

Sales

$ 2,175,000

Variable expenses

1,305,000

Contribution margin

870,000

696,000

01:59:15

Fixed expenses

Net operating income

$ 174,000

eBook

Management is anxious to maintain and perhaps even improve its present level of income from the skateboards.

Required:

1-a. The company's break-even point for the most recent year was 46,400 units. Compute the CM per skateboard. (Do not round

intermediate calculations.)

Contribution margin per skateboard

1-b. Compute the selling price and variable expenses per skateboard. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers

to 2 decimal places.)

Q12) The product is complementary.

Q13) The price that maximizes the profit of Monopoly 1 is, p₁ = 10 - (1/4)p₂.

Q14) The profit-maximizing price for good 1 is: p₁ = 8.

The profit-maximizing price refers to the price at which a firm or seller can maximize its profits. It is determined by the intersection of the firm's marginal revenue (MR) and marginal cost (MC) curves.

Q12) Products are substitutes when the increase in the price of a good, results in a higher demand for the other good.

Suppose the demand for goods 1 and 2 are respectively

q₁ = 12-p₁ + P₂/2 and q₂ = 12-p₂ + p₁/2.

We can find the price elasticity of demand for product 1 as:

Δq₁/Δp₁ = -1

Given the fact that the cross-price elasticity of demand is positive, the two goods are substitutes. The sign of the cross-price elasticity is crucial in differentiating between substitutes and complements because it represents the sign of the slope. If the cross-price elasticity is positive, the two products are substitutes; if the cross-price elasticity is negative, the two goods are complementary. When cross-price elasticity is zero, the two goods are unrelated.

Q13) When a monopoly produces a single commodity, the demand curve it faces represents the industry's demand curve. A monopoly is a market structure in which a single firm sells a commodity for which there are no close substitutes. A monopoly firm has market power, which means it can change the price of its product to increase profits. Monopoly 1 produces good 1 and Monopoly 2 produces good 2.

Q14) To maximize the profit of good 1, the monopoly will set its marginal revenue equal to its marginal cost. A monopoly will produce where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost because it is a profit-maximizing company. A monopoly will earn a positive profit as long as the marginal revenue exceeds the marginal cost.

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Injections to the expenditure stream in the circular flow model include government spending, investment, and exports. Therefore, the correct answer is "d) all of the above."

The circular flow model illustrates the flow of goods, services, and money in an economy. In this model, there are injections and leakages. Injections refer to the addition of funds into the economy, while leakages represent the removal of funds.

Among the options provided, government spending is considered an injection because it involves the government injecting funds into the economy through various expenditures such as infrastructure development, public services, and welfare programs. Government spending stimulates economic activity and increases aggregate demand.

Investment is also an injection in the circular flow model. Investment refers to the spending on capital goods, such as machinery, equipment, and factories, which is intended to increase production and future economic output. Investment contributes to economic growth, job creation, and innovation.

Exports, the third option, are considered an injection as well. Exports represent goods and services produced domestically that are sold to other countries. When exports occur, money flows into the economy, boosting income and economic activity.

Therefore, all three options—government spending, investment, and exports—are considered injections in the circular flow model, making the correct answer "d) all of the above."

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The periodic plan of producing 300 computers using 10 workers and 15 machinery is feasible and efficient according to the production functions a), c), d), and e). However, the production function b) suggests that the plan is feasible but may not be efficient due to the additional factor of 2x₁, implying that the desired output can be achieved with fewer workers.

The given production plan of producing 300 computers using 10 workers (x₁) and 15 machinery (x₂) can be evaluated using the provided production functions.

a) The production function f(x₁, x₂) = x₁x₂ + 2x₂ + 120 suggests that the plan is feasible and efficient. It allows for a combination of workers and machinery that can achieve the desired output of 300 computers.

b) The production function f(x₁, x₂) = x₁x₂ + 2x₁ + 100 indicates that the plan is feasible, but it may not be efficient. The additional factor of 2x₁ implies that the firm could achieve the same level of output with fewer workers.

c) The production function f(x₁, x₂) = 10min(3x₁, 2x₂) suggests that the plan is feasible and efficient. By taking the minimum of 3x₁ and 2x₂, the firm is utilizing its resources optimally to reach the desired output.

d) The production function f(x₁, x₂) = 12min(6x₁, 4x₂) implies that the plan is feasible and efficient. Similar to the previous case, the firm is maximizing output by selecting the minimum of 6x₁ and 4x₂.

e) The production function f(x₁, x₂) = 10x₁x₂ indicates that the plan is feasible and efficient. It directly multiplies the quantity of workers and machinery to achieve the desired output.

In summary, based on the analysis of the given production functions, it can be concluded that the periodic plan of producing 300 computers using 10 workers and 15 machinery is feasible and efficient according to production functions a), c), d), and e).

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Company success is defined by its ability to balance the interests of stakeholders and maintain financial viability. Both financial viability and beneficial to the community define the success of a company.

Companies that operate with an understanding of corporate social responsibility and develop a positive public perception can have a competitive edge.Non-profit organizations can build a brand by providing valuable services to the community and creating partnerships with stakeholders. They can create strong brands by having a clear mission, sharing their success stories, and offering transparency. Non-profits can also benefit from a strong brand reputation, which can increase donations, partnerships, and support.

A company can manage its portfolio to balance the interests of stakeholders by having a clear understanding of the needs and wants of each stakeholder group. Companies can create a portfolio of products and services that meet the needs of each stakeholder group. Additionally, companies can prioritize stakeholder interests when developing and implementing business strategies. Companies must also engage in effective communication with stakeholders and address any concerns or issues that arise to maintain stakeholder trust.Diverse perspectives in organizational ethics can be resolved by creating a coherent strategy that is inclusive of different perspectives.  

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There are many negative effects that livestock farming can have on the environment. Livestock farming can lead to deforestation, soil degradation, water pollution, and air pollution. Livestock farming can also contribute to climate change through the release of greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide. These gases are released during the digestion and manure management of livestock.

Livestock farming can also lead to the loss of biodiversity. This occurs when natural habitats are cleared to make way for grazing land and feed crops. When governments implement policies that target private landowners, they can have a significant impact on the environment. For example, governments can offer incentives for private landowners to adopt sustainable farming practices, such as reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Governments can also create regulations that limit the amount of pollution that private landowners can release into the environment.

These regulations can include limits on the amount of fertilizer that can be applied to crops, as well as limits on the amount of manure that can be stored on farms. Governments can also create programs that help private landowners to restore natural habitats that have been damaged by livestock farming. These programs can provide financial incentives to landowners who plant trees or other vegetation that can help to restore natural habitats. Livestock farming can have many negative effects on the environment. One of the most significant impacts of livestock farming is deforestation. In order to create grazing land and to grow crops for animal feed, forests are often cleared. This can lead to soil degradation, which can make it difficult for crops to grow in the future. Deforestation can also contribute to climate change by reducing the amount of carbon that is absorbed by trees. Livestock farming can also lead to water pollution. When manure and other waste products are not properly managed, they can seep into the soil and contaminate groundwater. This can lead to health problems for both humans and animals. Livestock farming can also contribute to air pollution through the release of methane and other greenhouse gases. These gases are released during the digestion of food by livestock and during the management of manure. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. Another negative impact of livestock farming is the loss of biodiversity. When natural habitats are cleared to make way for grazing land and feed crops, many species of plants and animals are displaced. This can lead to a loss of biodiversity, which is important for maintaining healthy ecosystems. Governments can have a significant impact on the environment by implementing policies that target private landowners. For example, governments can offer financial incentives for private landowners to adopt sustainable farming practices, such as reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Governments can also create regulations that limit the amount of pollution that private landowners can release into the environment. These regulations can include limits on the amount of fertilizer that can be applied to crops, as well as limits on the amount of manure that can be stored on farms. By implementing these policies, governments can help to protect the environment and ensure that livestock farming is done in a sustainable way. Governments can also create programs that help private landowners to restore natural habitats that have been damaged by livestock farming. These programs can provide financial incentives to landowners who plant trees or other vegetation that can help to restore natural habitats. By restoring natural habitats, private landowners can help to promote biodiversity and improve the health of local ecosystems. Livestock farming can lead to deforestation, soil degradation, water pollution, and air pollution. Livestock farming can also contribute to climate change through the release of greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide. These gases are released during the digestion and manure management of livestock. Livestock farming can also lead to the loss of biodiversity. This occurs when natural habitats are cleared to make way for grazing land and feed crops. When governments implement policies that target private landowners, they can have a significant impact on the environment. For example, governments can offer incentives for private landowners to adopt sustainable farming practices, such as reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides.

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Option c , which suggests that minimum wage laws create opportunities to shirk by allowing workers to have an MRP that is less than their wage, aligns with the shirking model.

The explanation for wage stickiness that is consistent with the shirking model is:

c. Minimum wage laws create opportunities to shirk by allowing workers to have a marginal revenue product (MRP) that is less than their wage.

In the shirking model, wage stickiness refers to the situation where wages do not adjust downward to match changes in labor market conditions. In this model, workers may have an incentive to shirk or exert less effort on the job because their wages are higher than their marginal revenue product (MRP), which represents the additional revenue generated by an additional unit of their labor.

When minimum wage laws are in place and set above the equilibrium wage level, it can create a situation where workers receive wages that are higher than their MRP. This can reduce the incentives for workers to put in maximum effort since they are already earning a wage that exceeds their productivity. As a result, workers may be more inclined to shirk or exert less effort on the job.

Therefore, option c, which suggests that minimum wage laws create opportunities to shirk by allowing workers to have an MRP that is less than their wage, aligns with the shirking model.

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The following is a point of difference between perfect and monopolistic competition: In perfect competition, the firms produce goods that are identical in all aspects, but under monopolistic competition, the goods are not identical.

However, there are many other differences between perfect and monopolistic competition as well. In perfect competition, there are many firms of relatively smaller size, but that is not the case for monopolistic competition. There are many barriers to entry in perfect competition, but monopolistic competition does not have any such problems. In contrast to perfect competition, monopolistic competition does not have identical products but rather produces differentiated goods. Differentiation means that the product is unique or offers a distinct quality, giving companies a level of market power. This enables them to differentiate their product in a way that attracts consumers and to charge a higher price than the market's marginal cost. In conclusion, the most significant point of difference between perfect and monopolistic competition is the nature of goods produced, with firms producing identical goods in perfect competition and differentiated goods in monopolistic competition.

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Chapman’s Ice Cream company is a popular Canadian company that produces a wide variety of frozen desserts. Some of the competitors of Chapman’s ice cream company are Nestle, Unilever, and General Mills.Chapman's ice cream is well-known for its affordable price range.

It is available at very reasonable prices, and they offer a wide range of products to the customers. Their price range is usually lower than their competitors. The company's main aim is to provide high-quality products at affordable prices.Nestle is one of the top competitors of Chapman's ice cream. They have a vast range of ice creams, including Haagen-Dazs, Dreyer’s, and Drumstick. Nestle is a leading global company that focuses on nutrition, health, and wellness. The price range of Nestle ice cream is usually higher than Chapman’s ice cream.Unilever is another leading competitor of Chapman’s ice cream company. They produce a wide range of ice creams under the brand name Ben and Jerry's, Breyers, and Magnum. Unilever focuses on producing high-quality ice cream, and its price range is usually higher than Chapman’s ice cream.General Mills is also one of the competitors of Chapman’s ice cream company. They produce a wide range of ice creams under the brand name Häagen-Dazs. The price range of General Mills ice cream is also higher than Chapman's ice cream.Conclusively, Chapman’s ice cream company is an affordable brand that provides high-quality products to its customers. Its competitors produce a wide range of ice cream, but their price range is usually higher than Chapman’s ice cream.

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To determine whether LLL should purchase the project, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project. The NPV is the present value of the cash flows generated by the project, minus the initial investment.

First, we calculate the discount rate using the beta coefficient, risk-free rate, and market risk premium. The discount rate is equal to the risk-free rate plus the product of the beta coefficient and the market risk premium:

Discount rate = Risk-free rate + (Beta coefficient * Market risk premium)

            = 2% + (1.7 * 5%)

            = 2% + 8.5%

           = 10.5%

Next, we calculate the present value of the after-tax operating cash flows for the next four years using the discount rate. Since the cash flows are given after taxes, we can use them directly without further adjustment:

PV of cash flows = CF1 / (1 + Discount rate)^1 + CF2 / (1 + Discount rate)^2 + CF3 / (1 + Discount rate)^3 + CF4 / (1 + Discount rate)^4

               = $136,000 / (1 + 10.5%)^1 + $136,000 / (1 + 10.5%)^2 + $136,000 / (1 + 10.5%)^3 + $136,000 / (1 + 10.5%)^4

               ≈ $105,492.41

Finally, we calculate the NPV by subtracting the initial investment from the present value of cash flows:

NPV = PV of cash flows - Initial investment

   = $105,492.41 - $425,000

   ≈ -$319,507.59

The negative NPV indicates that the project is expected to generate a loss, which suggests that LLL should not purchase the project. The NPV is approximately -$319,507.59.

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The Earnings per share (EPS) of Henderson-Niles Industries is $76.50.

The given information can be used to calculate the earnings per share of the Henderson-Niles Industries. We can calculate the earnings per share (EPS) of the company by using the following formula:

Earnings per share = (Net income - Preferred dividends) / Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

Given that Henderson-Niles's net income for the year ended December 31, 2021, is $620 million and they paid dividends of $2 per share on its preferred stock during 2021.

Therefore, we need to calculate the Preferred dividends:Preferred dividends = $2 per share * 2,000,000 shares= $4,000,000 And the number of common shares outstanding is given as 8,000,000 shares

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding = 8,000,000 shares

Earnings per share = (620,000,000 - 4,000,000) / 8,000,000= 76.50 Therefore,  $76.50 is the Earnings per share (EPS) of Henderson-Niles Industries

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The international business plan for the Ghanaian SME's online shea business should include an executive summary, market analysis, marketing and sales strategy, operational plan, financial analysis, legal considerations, implementation timeline, risk assessment, and a conclusion.

When developing an international business plan for a Ghanaian based SME operating an online shea business, several key elements should be included to ensure a comprehensive and effective strategy:

1. Executive Summary: Provide a concise overview of the international business plan, highlighting the company's goals, target markets, competitive advantage, and key strategies.

2. Company Overview: Detail the background of the company, its mission, vision, and core values. Explain the nature of the online shea business, including the products offered, unique selling points, and competitive advantages.

3. Market Analysis: Conduct a thorough analysis of target international markets, considering factors such as market size, growth potential, consumer trends, competition, regulatory frameworks, and cultural considerations. Identify specific countries or regions that offer the most potential for market entry.

4. Marketing and Sales Strategy: Define the marketing and sales approach for entering and penetrating international markets. Outline market segmentation, pricing strategies, distribution channels, branding, promotion, and digital marketing tactics.

Also, address how the company plans to adapt its marketing efforts to suit the preferences and needs of international customers.

5. Operational Plan: Detail the operational aspects of expanding internationally, including logistics, supply chain management, production capacity, quality control measures, and fulfillment processes. Consider any modifications or adjustments required to adapt to the international market environment.

6. Financial Analysis: Provide a comprehensive financial analysis, including revenue projections, cost estimation, budget allocation, and return on investment calculations. Assess the financial feasibility of the international expansion and outline strategies for funding and risk management.

7. Legal and Regulatory Considerations: Identify the legal and regulatory requirements for entering international markets, including export/import regulations, intellectual property protection, licensing, and compliance with local laws. Address any potential legal or regulatory challenges that may arise during the expansion process.

8. Implementation Timeline: Develop a timeline that outlines key milestones, activities, and deadlines for the international expansion. This timeline will serve as a guide for executing the strategies and monitoring progress.

9. Risk Assessment and Mitigation: Identify potential risks and challenges associated with international expansion, such as political instability, currency fluctuations, cultural barriers, and competition. Develop strategies and contingency plans to mitigate these risks and ensure a smooth transition.

10. Conclusion: Summarize the key points of the international business plan and reiterate the company's objectives and commitment to international growth.

By including these main contents in the international business plan, the Ghanaian SME can effectively navigate the complexities of expanding their online shea business into international markets, ensuring a well-rounded and strategic approach to their global expansion goals.

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The expected return of the stock (12%) is higher than the required return (10.24744%), the stock is underpriced. Option B is correct.

To determine if the stock is correctly priced, underpriced, or overpriced, we need to compare its expected return to its required return based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).

The CAPM formula is:

Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × (Market Return-Risk-Free Rate)

Given;

Expected return of the stock = 12%

Beta of the stock = 1.56

Risk-Free Rate (Rate of return on Treasury bills) = 3.985%

Market Return = 8%

Let's calculate the required return for the stock using the CAPM formula;

Required Return = 3.985% + 1.56 × (8% - 3.985%)

Required Return ≈ 3.985% + 1.56 × 4.015%

Required Return ≈ 3.985% + 6.26244%

Required Return ≈ 10.24744%

Since the expected return of the stock (12%) is higher than the required return (10.24744%), the stock is underpriced.

Hence, B. is the correct option.

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a. Current EPS: $8.875; Current dividend per share: $2.5725. b. New debt-to-equity ratio: 2.654; New EPS: $13.3125; New dividend per share: $3.859125. c. New EPS: $10.65; New dividend per share: $3.0885.

a. To calculate the current earnings per share (EPS) and dividend per share, we need to consider the current earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), the dividend payout ratio, and the number of shares.

1. Current EBIT: $5,000,000

2. Dividend payout ratio: 29% (0.29)

3. Number of shares: 400,000

a. Current EPS:

  EPS = EBIT × (1 - Dividend payout ratio) / Number of shares

      = $5,000,000 × (1 - 0.29) / 400,000

      = $3,550,000 / 400,000

      = $8.875

b. Current dividend per share:

  Dividend per share = EPS × Dividend payout ratio

                     = $8.875 × 0.29

                     = $2.5725

Therefore, the current EPS is $8.875 per share, and the current dividend per share is $2.5725.

b. If the firm finances the expansion with a bond issue of $7,500,000 at a 6.1% interest rate, and the new EBIT becomes $7,500,000, we can calculate the new debt-to-equity ratio, EPS, and dividend per share.

1. New EBIT: $7,500,000

b. New debt-to-equity ratio:

  Debt-to-equity ratio = Debt / Equity

                       = $7,500,000 / ($5,000,000 - Dividends)

                       = $7,500,000 / ($5,000,000 - ($7,500,000 × 0.29))

                       = $7,500,000 / ($5,000,000 - $2,175,000)

                       = $7,500,000 / $2,825,000

                       ≈ 2.654

c. New EPS:

  EPS = EBIT × (1 - Dividend payout ratio) / Number of shares

      = $7,500,000 × (1 - 0.29) / 400,000

      = $5,325,000 / 400,000

      = $13.3125

d. New dividend per share:

  Dividend per share = EPS × Dividend payout ratio

                     = $13.3125 × 0.29

                     = $3.859125

Therefore, the new debt-to-equity ratio is approximately 2.654, the new EPS is $13.3125 per share, and the new dividend per share is $3.859125.

c. If the expansion is financed with an issue of new stock, the number of shares will increase, and the debt-to-equity ratio will be zero. We can calculate the new EPS and dividend per share.

1. New number of shares: Let's assume the expansion issue adds 100,000 new shares.

c. New EPS:

  EPS = EBIT × (1 - Dividend payout ratio) / Number of shares

      = $7,500,000 × (1 - 0.29) / (400,000 + 100,000)

      = $5,325,000 / 500,000

      = $10.65

d. New dividend per share:

  Dividend per share = EPS × Dividend payout ratio

                     = $10.65 × 0.29

                     ≈ $3.0885

Therefore, if the expansion is financed with an issue of new stock, the new EPS is $10.65 per share.

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The company's equity will also increase by $30,909 ($9 + $20,800 - $4,000). It means that the accounting equation will remain balanced after all of these transactions.

The following are the transactions of JonesSpa Corporation, for the month of January:

a. Borrowed $21,000 from a local bank. Cash account will increase by $21,000 while loans payable will increase by $21,000.

b. Lent $8,100 to an affiliate; accepted a note due in one year.Notes receivable account will increase by $8,100 while cash account will increase by $8,100.

c. Sold to investors 90 additional shares of stock with a par value of $0.10 per share and a market price of $20 per share; received cash. In this transaction, the cash account will increase by $1,800 (90 shares * $20), and the common stock account will increase by $9 (90 shares * $0.10).

d. Purchased $20,500 of equipment, paying $5,100 cash and signing a note for the rest due in one year. The equipment account will increase by $20,500, cash account will decrease by $5,100, and notes payable will increase by $15,400 ($20,500 - $5,100).

e. Declared $4,000 in cash dividends to stockholders, to be paid in February. This will have no effect on the accounting equation since no payment has been made in January. However, it will reduce the retained earnings account in February by $4,000 (the amount of cash dividend declared).

In summary, the cash account will increase by $24,800 ($21,000 + $8,100 + $1,800 - $5,100), while the equipment account will increase by $20,500, the notes receivable account will increase by $8,100, and the common stock account will increase by $9.

Total liabilities will increase by $36,400 ($21,000 + $15,400) due to borrowing money from the bank and signing a note payable for the purchase of equipment. However, the company's equity will also increase by $30,909 ($9 + $20,800 - $4,000). It means that the accounting equation will remain balanced after all of these transactions.

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As of December 31, Year 2, Under Armour, Inc. had a working capital of $47,555, which indicates a decrease of $25,745 compared to Year 1. The current ratio for Year 2 was 3.05, showing an increase from the previous year's ratio of 2.98.

The company's ability to meet its financial obligations may be a concern for short-term creditors due to the decrease in working capital.

Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. In Year 2, the working capital for Under Armour, Inc. was $47,555, which represents a decrease of $25,745 compared to Year 1's working capital of $73,300.

The current ratio is another measure of a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations. It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. The current ratio for Year 2 was 3.05, indicating that for every dollar of current liabilities, Under Armour had $3.05 of current assets. This represents an improvement from the previous year's current ratio of 2.98.

However, despite the increase in the current ratio, the decrease in working capital suggests that Under Armour may have faced challenges in managing its short-term obligations and maintaining sufficient current resources. This may raise concerns for short-term creditors who rely on timely payment from the company.

In conclusion, although the current ratio improved, the decrease in working capital indicates a weakening liquidity position for Under Armour. Short-term creditors should closely monitor the company's ability to meet its financial obligations.

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A). True ,Policy can be effective only if planned investment reacts to changes in the interest rate. This statement is true. Policy can be defined as a course of action, a set of guidelines or principles, or a system or procedure. Fiscal policies are formulated by governments to regulate and stabilize the economy.

Monetary policies, on the other hand, are implemented by central banks to control the money supply and interest rates in the economy.Both fiscal and monetary policies aim to achieve economic growth, stability, and prosperity. Fiscal policies involve government spending and taxation while monetary policies involve controlling the money supply and interest rates. Both policies impact planned investment.Investment is a crucial determinant of economic growth. Investment is the process of spending resources in a project or venture to generate future income or profit. Planned investment is the amount of investment that firms plan to make in the future.

Interest rates, on the other hand, are the cost of borrowing or the return on saving. Interest rates affect the cost of investment and the expected return on investment.Investment decisions are influenced by interest rates. A decrease in interest rates encourages investment because it reduces the cost of borrowing and increases the expected return on investment. A rise in interest rates discourages investment because it increases the cost of borrowing and reduces the expected return on investment.

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Employers may be held accountable for their employees' activities. An employer may be legally responsible for the wrongful actions of employees committed during the course of their work. Employers, on the other hand, can take some measures to avoid liability.

Here are some of the ways an employer can limit liability resulting from employee actions:Training and instruction to employees: Employers can provide training sessions and education on workplace ethics and regulations to ensure that employees are aware of their responsibilities. This will prevent employees from engaging in unethical and illegal conduct. When an employer provides a code of conduct to their employees, the employees are obliged to comply with the guidelines or face consequences.

This ensures that employees are informed about the company's policies, practices, and procedures. In addition, providing instruction and training to employees encourages a workplace culture of compliance.Policies and procedures: Employers should establish comprehensive policies and procedures for their workplace. Policies should be based on industry requirements, regulatory requirements, and organizational standards.

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The correct statement is marketing campaigns can increase the attendance at a game due to the additional promotional strategies. Option a is correct.

Marketing is a set of activities that involves creating, promoting, and distributing a product or service to a specific audience. The goal of marketing is to attract and retain customers by meeting their needs and wants.

The relationship between successful marketing campaigns and increased sales or attendance is that marketing campaigns can increase attendance at a game due to the additional promotional strategies. For example, marketing campaigns can increase attendance at a game by promoting the game through social media platforms, billboards, commercials, or radio ads.

These promotions help create buzz around the game, and more people are likely to attend because they are aware of the event.

Therefore, a is correct.

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The opportunity cost of Aroha attending Church with her Nan (Option 1) is c) Hanging out with her friends.

Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative that is given up when making a choice. In this case, if Aroha chooses to attend Church with her Nan, her opportunity cost is the alternative she values the most among the remaining options. According to her preferences, hanging out with her friends at the Westfield Manukau City Shopping Centre is ranked higher than going to watch the rugby league game.

Therefore, her opportunity cost of attending Church with her Nan is choosing not to hang out with her friends. Hence, the correct answer is c) Hanging out with her friends.

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While the decision of which company stocks to follow closely depends on individual preferences and investment goals, there are certain stocks that tend to attract significant attention from investors.

These stocks often belong to well-known companies with a large market capitalization and a strong presence in the market. High-growth companies in sectors such as technology, healthcare, and renewable energy often generate interest due to their potential for substantial returns.

Additionally, stocks of companies that are considered industry leaders, have a history of consistent profitability or are involved in disruptive innovations often draw attention. Other factors that can pique interest in specific stocks include upcoming product launches, mergers and acquisitions, regulatory changes, earnings reports, and overall market trends.

Ultimately, investors are driven by the potential for growth, profitability, and attractive investment opportunities when selecting stocks to follow closely.

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To calculate the price of the stock under different required returns, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, also known as the Dividend Discount Model (DDM). The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is:

Stock Price = Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth Rate)

Given that the company dividend policy is $0.50 per year and the company plans to be in business forever, we assume that the dividend growth rate is equal to the expected growth rate of the dividends.

a. For a 5% return:

Dividend Growth Rate = 5%

Stock Price = $0.50 / (0.05 - 0.05) = $0.50 / 0 = Undefined

b. For an 8% return:

Dividend Growth Rate = 8%

Stock Price = $0.50 / (0.08 - 0.08) = $0.50 / 0 = Undefined

c. For a 10% return:

Dividend Growth Rate = 10%

Stock Price = $0.50 / (0.10 - 0.10) = $0.50 / 0 = Undefined

d. For a 13% return:

Dividend Growth Rate = 13%

Stock Price = $0.50 / (0.13 - 0.13) = $0.50 / 0 = Undefined

e. For a 20% return:

Dividend Growth Rate = 20%

Stock Price = $0.50 / (0.20 - 0.20) = $0.50 / 0 = Undefined

In this case, the stock price is undefined for all required returns because the dividend growth rate is equal to the required return, resulting in a division by zero. This implies that the Gordon Growth Model cannot be applied in this scenario, and alternative valuation methods would be needed to determine the price of the stock.

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Below are the taxes that generally apply to employees, employers or both employees and employers: Federal Income Tax: This tax is generally imposed on both employers and employees of the United States.

The federal government is responsible for imposing federal income taxes. Medicare Tax: This tax is generally imposed on both employers and employees of the United States. The federal government imposes this tax as part of the Social Security Tax program.Social Security Tax: This tax is generally imposed on both employers and employees of the United States. The federal government imposes this tax to help fund the Social Security program. The Social Security program offers benefits to retired, disabled, and deceased workers' family members. Federal Unemployment Compensation Tax: This tax is generally imposed on employers of the United States. The federal government imposes this tax to finance the Federal Unemployment Trust Fund. This Fund offers financial support to people who lost their jobs through no fault of their own.e. State Unemployment Compensation Tax: This tax is generally imposed on employers of each state. The tax is used to finance the State Unemployment Trust Fund. The State Unemployment Trust Fund offers financial support to people who lost their jobs through no fault of their own.

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Inaccurate or invalid master file data is a general threat to the revenue cycle which could cause both customer dissatisfaction and loss of revenues. Control over data input and data access should be in place to mitigate the impact of this threat.

The answer is A

The revenue cycle refers to the sequence of business activities that result in the exchange of products or services for cash. It is a series of steps that are completed in order to generate revenue.

Inaccurate or invalid master file data is a general threat to the revenue cycle which could cause both customer dissatisfaction and loss of revenues. Control over data input and data access should be in place to mitigate the impact of this threat.

Inaccurate data in the master file, such as incorrect prices, product descriptions, or customer data, may result in errors in the revenue cycle

Hence, the answer is A.

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The answer to the direct materials (a) price variance is $5,415 Unfavorable. The answer to the direct materials (b) quantity variance is $14,245 Favorable. Finally, the answer to the direct materials (c) cost variance is $8,830 Favorable.

(a) Direct materials price variance

= (Actual price - Standard price) × Actual quantity

= ($3.65 - $3.50) × 36,100 lbs

= $5,415 U (Unfavorable)

(b) Direct materials quantity variance

= (Actual quantity - Standard quantity) × Standard price

= (36,100 lbs - (16,000 units × 2.3 lbs per unit)) × $3.50 per lb = $14,245 F (Favorable)

(c) Direct materials cost variance

= Direct materials price variance + Direct materials quantity variance = $5,415 U + $14,245 F = $8,830 F (Favorable)

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