It is necessary to add zncl 2 to promote the reaction of hcl with some alcohols as this reaction is reversible to make it irreversible ZnCl2 is used.
ZnCl2 is used as Lewis acid catalyst. Since Cl- is weaker nucleophile than Br. The lewis acid ZnCl2 coordinate with oxygen of alcohol and proceed the reaction in forward direction.
HCl is less reactive with alcohols whereas the bond between H and Cl is stronger than HBr and HI.
Hence its reaction with alcohols need a catalyst ZnCl2, which helps in the breaking of bond between H and Cl.
Therefore, Luca's reagent is used in the reaction of HCl and alcohol.
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Structures of compounds people use every day are shown. From which group of unsaturated hydrocarbons is each derived? 2 carbons are double bonded together, with H bonded to the left, and C H 2 bonded below left, above right, and below right. In a segment of an ongoing chain, 3 iterations of this structure are bonded together by single bonds from the bottom right C H 2 of one structure to the bottom left C H 2 of the next.
The group of unsaturated hydrocarbons which 2 carbons are double bonded together, with H bonded to the left, and C H 2 bonded below left, above right, and below right is derived from Alkenes
What are organic compounds?Organic compounds are compounds which contains carbon and hydrogen
Some few classes or organic compounds or hydrocarbons are as follows:
AlkanesAlkenesAlkynesAlkanolsAlkanoic acidKetonesEstersSo therefore, the group of unsaturated hydrocarbons which 2 carbons are double bonded together, with H bonded to the left, and C H 2 bonded below left, above right, and below right is derived from Alkenes
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Answer:
The answer is A.) Alkene
All the answers in that section are:
Alkene
Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Alkene
Alkyne
Explanation:
Here's the picture as proof. Hope it helps!
10 mL of 2(M) NaOH solution is added to 200 mL of 0.5 (M) of NaOH solution. What is the final concentration?
Hello its me Sanya yadav
At what volume of added acid is the phph calculated by working an equilibrium problem based on the initial concentration and kbkb of the weak base?
In an acid-base neutralization reaction, the equilibrium reaction would be between a weak base and its conjugate strong base. So, this must be the basis of the volume of added base.
What is pH ?pH is used to measure whether the substance is acidic, basic or neutral and the range is 0 - 14.
What is Neutralization Reaction ?Neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with together.
Neutralization reaction equation:
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that In an acid-base neutralization reaction, the equilibrium reaction would be between a weak base and its conjugate strong base. So, this must be the basis of the volume of added base.
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What is the best method to convert styrene, c6h5ch=ch2, to 2-phenylethanol with minimal side product formation?
Styrene is an organic chemical used to make rubber, latex, resins, etc. It can be best converted using the anti-Markovnikov rule by (1) BH₃ - THF and (2) H₂O₂, NaOH. Thus, option B is correct.
What is anti- Markovnikov rule?The anti-Markovnikov rule defines the attachment of the substituent group to the least substituted carbon than the more substituted groups. This is due to the induction and hyperconjugation effect.
To convert styrene, the alcohol group from sodium hydroxide must be added to the least substituted carbon of the compound using other reagents like BH₃ - THF and hydrogen peroxide.
Therefore, option B. (1) BH₃ - THF and (2) H₂O₂, NaOH can be used to convert styrene.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, What is the best method to convert styrene, C₆H₅CH=CH₂, to 2-phenyl ethanol with minimal side product formation?
H₂O, H₂SO₄(1) BH₃ - THF and (2) H₂O₂, NaOH(1) HBr (2) KOH, H₂O(1)HBr, peroxides (2) NaOH, H₂OA gaseous mixture containing 32.00 g n2 and 16.00 g ne is placed into an 4.00 l vessel at 0.00 °C. What is the pressure of the mixture?
The pressure of the mixture can be found out adding the Partial Pressure of the gas.
Partial pressure of gas is the pressure if it alone occupied the entire volume of original mixture.
Moles = given mass / molar mass
Given,
Mass of Nitrogen = 32g
Molar Mass of Nitrogen = 28g
Mass of Neon = 16g
Molar Mass of Neon = 20g
Volume of gas = 4L
Temperature of vessel = 0°C = 273K
Partial Pressure of nitrogen = P₁
Partial Pressure of neon = P₂
Moles of nitrogen, n₁= 32/28 = 1.14
Moles of neon, n₂= 16/20 = 0.8
Using Ideal gas equation for Nitrogen,
∴ P₁V = n₁RT
⇒ P₁ (1) = 1.14 × 0.082 × 273
⇒ P₁ = 25.52atm
Using Ideal gas equation for Neon,
∴ P₂V = n₂RT
⇒ P₂ (1) = 0.8 × 0.082 × 273
⇒ P₂ = 17.9 atm
Total pressure of the mixture can be found out by adding the partial pressures of both the gases.
Total pressure P = P₁ + P₂
P = 25.52 + 17.9 atm
P = 43.42 atm
Hence, total pressure of the mixture is 43.42atm
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How many different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral?
Four different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral.
What is Chiral Carbons ?The carbon atom which is attached with four different types of group of atoms or atoms is called Chiral carbon. Chiral molecules are non superimposable on their mirror images. Chiral carbon is also called asymmetric carbon.
Example:
[tex]Br - \underset{H} {\underset{|} {\overset{CH_3} {\overset{|}{C}}}} - Cl[/tex]
In the above example we can see that carbon atom has 4 different group attached with it that is Br, Cl, H, CH₃.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Four different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral.
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Could someone explain this sentence for me ?
Answer:
Explanation:
to put this plainly after putting strong electrolytes in water they dissolve to nothing but ions they give you an example and definition of a strong electrolyte I suggest you read those and see if you come up with what I gave you they also tell you that not all strong electrolytes dissolve as strongly as others that are in the example.
Jeff has 10 grams of water and 10 grams of vegetable oil in separate containers. both liquids have a temperature of 24°c. jeff heats both liquids over a flame for five minutes. when he’s finished, he discovers that the temperature of the oil increased more than the temperature of the water. what can jeff conclude from this experiment?
ANSWER: From this experiment, Jeff can conclude that the heat capacity of oil is lower than that of water which means that oil requires less energy per gram of liquid in order to change its temperature.
What are the differences between grasses and legumes? advantages and disadvantages of each
The differences between grasses and legumes are,
The grasses tend to have more digestible fiber than legume plants.Legumes have more protein , energy and micronutrient due to their abundant leaves as compare to grasses.The nutrient composition is an obvious and major difference between the two plants.The advantage and disadvantage of grasses are given below.
Advantage:
Grasses helps to keep air clean, trap carbon dioxide , reduce erosion from storm water runoff , improve soil , decreases noise pollution and reduce temperature.
Disadvantage:
It is necessary to cut grasses regularly.Sometime grasses harmful to the environment . Likewise rainwater runoff from lawns can carry pesticides and fertilizer into river , lake ,streams and ocean via the sewer system.The advantage and disadvantage of legumes are given below.
Advantage:
The legumes supply nutrients essential to our body which supports our health.Disadvantage:
It lower persistence than grass under grazing It has high risk of livestock bloat It is difficult to conserve as silage or hay.learn about legumes
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The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm³. What is the density of aluminum in decagrams/m³?
Answer:
Density = 0.27 decagrams/cm³
Explanation:
From conversion tables, we know that;
1 g/cm³ = 0.1 decagrams/cm³
We are given;
Density of aluminium = 2.7 g/cm³
Thus;
Density = 2.7 * 0.1
Density = 0.27 decagrams/cm³
Answer:
270000 decagrams/m³
Explanation:
1.
Density=mass/Volume
=2.7g/1cm3
=(2.7/1000)/(1/1000000)
=2.7x1000
Density=2700kg/ m3
= 270000 decagrams/m³
2.
1000g=1kg
1g=1/1000kg
1cm3= ? m3
100cm=1m
1cm=1/100 m
1cm3=1/1000000 m3
The molar absorption coefficient of a substance dissolved in benzene is measured to be 712 L mol-1 cm-1 at 403 nm. Calculate what fraction of the incident light intensity of that wavelength passes through 2.67 mm of a solution of concentration 3.17 mmol/L.
According to Beer-Lambert's law, the solution allows for the passage of 3/4 of the incoming light intensity at that wavelength.
Calculation:
According to Beer-Lambert's law,
A = ∈ * C * l
A = log(I₀/I)
T = I₀/I
log (I₀/I) = ∈ * C * l
Here,
A= absorbance of the solution
l= path length= 2.67 mm = 0.267 cm (∵ 1mm = 0.1 cm)
T= transmittance
C= concentration of the given solution = 3.17mmol/L = 3.17* 10⁻³ mol/L
I= transmitted light
I₀= incident light
∈= molar absorption coefficient = 712 L mol⁻¹cm⁻¹
A = ∈ * C * l= 712 * 3.17 * 0.267 *10⁻³ = 602.63* 10⁻³ =0.602
T = [tex]10^{-A}[/tex] = [tex]10^{-0.602}[/tex] = 0.25
so, the percentage of transmittance = 0.25 * 100 = 25 %
Therefore, the intensity reduction will be equal to the original radiation intensity less the transmittance.
Give the initial intensity = 100
So, the reduction = 100 - 25 = 75.
Hence the fraction of incident light intencity= 75/100 = 3/4
Therefore the answer is 3/4.
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What would the corresponding
concentration values of H₂O be
for pH values: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11?
Answer:
7,9,11
Explanation:
this is because water includes 0H, which would mean that it is more than 6
Calculate the standard potential, ∘, for this reaction from its δ∘ value. x(s) y2 (aq)⟶x2 (aq) y(s)δ∘=−61. 0 kj
The equilibrium potential and the standard free energy change can give the standard potential of the electrodes. The standard cell potential is 0.32 V.
What is standard free energy change?A reaction's standard free energy change (∆Gº') is the energy produced when the reactants undergo changes to form the product. It is given as,
ΔG° = -nFE° cell
Given,
Standard free energy change (ΔG°) = − 61. 0 kJ
Number of moles of electrons (n) = 2
Faraday's constant (F) = 96500 C
The standard cell potential (E° cell) is calculated as:
E° cell = ΔG° ÷ -nF
E° cell = − 61000 ÷ -(2 × 96500)
E° cell = 61000 ÷ 193000
= 0.32 V
Therefore, 0.32 V is the standard cell potential of the cell.
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In a chemical equation, the number of atoms of a particular element that are present in a substance is indicated by a:________.
Answer:
subscript
Explanation:
H₂ O means there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
the ' ₂ ' is a subscript
what is the importance of metal reactivity series
Answer:
The reactivity series allows us to predict correctly how metals will react. Another importance is that so we can use displacement. We can spot a more reactive metal allowing us to displace a less reactive metal from a compound or an equation.
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Importance of Metal Reactivity Series are:
Metal Reactivity Series are used in Displacement reaction.It is used in the reaction between water and metals.In the reaction between metals and acids.What are metal reactivity series?
Metal reactivity series is a chart of listing the metals in the order of decreasing reactivity.
As in Displacement reaction less reactive metal is displaced by more reactive metal. By metal reactivity series we came to know which metal is displaced by another metal.When the metals from Potassium and Calcium react with cold water it will release Hydrogen gas.See the below reaction:
K(s) + [tex]H_2O[/tex] → KOH(aq) + 1/2 [tex]H_2[/tex] (g)
Potassium water Potassium Hydroxide Hydrogen
Metals like Lead and others which are more reactive than Lead can react with HCl and [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] to form salts. We can predict the reaction by reactivity series.Lets see the reaction between Lead with Hydrochloric acid and Sulphuric acid.
Pb (s) + 2HCl (aq) → [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] (aq) + [tex]H_2[/tex] (g)
Lead Hydrochloric acid Lead chloride Hydrogen
Pb (s) + [tex]2H_2SO_4[/tex] → [tex]PbSO_4[/tex] + [tex]SO_2[/tex] + [tex]H_2O[/tex]
Lead Sulphuric acid Lead Sulphate Sulphur dioxide water
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Enter your answer in the provided box. calculate the ph at 25°c of a 0. 11 m solution of a weak acid that has ka = 9. 2 × 10−6. ph =
The pH at 25°c of a 0. 11 m solution of a weak acid that has ka = 9. 2 × 10−6 is 3.
What is base dissociation constant?The base dissociation constant is termed as Kb. Throughout a base split into ts constituent ions in water is determined by its base dissociation constant.
Kb = [H+] [A-]/[HA]
Now, let the concentration of [H+] = [A-] = x
Given,
Ka = 9.2 × 10−6.
Firstly we will calculate the value of the concentration of [H+]
pKa = x^2/(0.11-x)
9.2 × 10−6 = x^2/(0.11-x)
x^2 = 1.012 × 10−6
x = 1.002 × 10^−3.
The concentration of [H+] = [A-] = 1.002 × 10^−3.
Now, we will find pH as
pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log(1.002 × 10^−3)
pH = 3
Thus we calculated that the pH of the solution is 3.
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The smallest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element is called a(n) ______.
Answer:
Atom
Explanation:
That describes an ATOM
2. Calculate the number of moles represented by the following masses.
a. 2.00 × 102 g of silver
b. 37.1 g of silicon dioxide, SiO2
40 POINTS!!!!!!!!!!!!
a. There are 1.85 moles in 2.00 × 10² g of silver (Ag).
b. There are 0.618 moles in 37.1 g of silicon dioxide (SiO₂)
What is the molar mass?The molar mass is the mass in grams of 1 mole of particles, that is, the mass in grams of 6.02 × 10²³ particles. The units are g/mol.
We want to calculate the number of moles represented by different masses of different substances. In each case, the conversion factor between mass and moles is the molar mass.
a. 2.00 × 10² g of silver (Ag)The molar mass of silver is 107.87 g/mol.
2.00 × 10² g × (1 mol/107.87 g) = 1.85 mol
b. 37.1 g of silicon dioxide (SiO₂)The molar mass of silicon dioxide is 60.08 g/mol.
37.1 g × (1 mol/60.08 g) = 0.618 mol
a. There are 1.85 moles in 2.00 × 10² g of silver (Ag).
b. There are 0.618 moles in 37.1 g of silicon dioxide (SiO₂)
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A gas effuses 4.0 times faster than oxygen (o2). what is the molecular mass of the gas? 1.0 g/mol 1.0 g/mol 2.0 g/mol 2.0 g/mol 4.0 g/mol 4.0 g/mol 7.67 g/mol
Answer:
32(molecular mass has no unit )
Explanation:
(16)(o2)
16×2
=32
A chemical by itself is harmless in the human body. However, in the
presence of lead, the chemical becomes toxic. This is the result of
Answer:
synergy
Explanation:
when two substances combine effects to be greater than just their sum of their individual effects
A combustion reaction will always be associated with a change in entropy that will be:_________
A combustion reaction will always be associated with a change in entropy that will be positive.
What is entropy ?The entropy of a system is the measurement of the disorder of the system which happens in the thermodynamic reaction.
During association the value of entropy will be positive and during dissociation the value will be negative.
During association the number of molecule increases due to which the entropy of the combustion increases and the value will be positive .
Therefore , combustion reaction will always be associated with a change in entropy that will be positive.
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Which metal can be used as a sacrificial electrode to prevent the rusting of an iron pipe? auau cucu mnmn agag
Mn metal can be used as a sacrificial electrode to prevent the rusting of an iron pipe. So, the correct option is (c) Mn.
Commonly, sacrificial electrodes are employed to stop another metal from corroding or oxidising. A metal that is more reactive than the metal being shielded must serve as the sacrificial electrode. Magnesium, aluminium, and zinc are the three metals most frequently used in sacrificial anodes.
Manganese-Magnesium (Mn-Mg) electrode is more suited for on-shore pipelines where the electrolyte (soil or water) resistivity is higher since it has the highest negative electropotential of the three. In order to replenish any electrons that could have been lost during the oxidation of the shielded metal, the highly active metal offers its electrons.
Therefore, Mn metal can be used as a sacrificial electrode to prevent the rusting of an iron pipe. So, the correct option is (c) Mn.
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Draw the major product formed in the reaction involving an acid anhydride dissolved in alcohol.
A symmetrical acid anhydride will undergo a reaction with an alcohol to give an ester and a carboxylic acid. An asymmetrical acid anhydride will undergo a reaction with an alcohol to give two esters and two carboxylic acids.
Alcohols and anhydrides react to produce esters as the main product and a carboxylate as a byproduct. To neutralise any generated acid, the process is often conducted with a base, such as NaOH or pyridine.Learn more about Acid anhydride and alcohol reaction here:
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A 0.200 M solution of a weak acid, HA, is 9.4% ionized. Using this information, calculate Ka for HA.
Select one:
a.
9.4 × 10−3
b.
1.8 × 10−3
c.
1.9 × 10−2
d.
3.8 × 10−3
[tex]{ \qquad\qquad\huge\underline{{\sf Answer}}} [/tex]
Let's solve ~
Initial concentration of weak acid HA = 0.200 M
and dissociation constant ([tex]{ \alpha} [/tex]) is :
[tex]\qquad \sf \dashrightarrow \: \alpha = \frac{dissociation \: \: percentage}{100} [/tex]
[tex]\qquad \sf \dashrightarrow \: \alpha = \frac{9.4}{100} = 0.094[/tex]
Now, at initial stage :
[tex] \textsf{ Conc of HA = 0.200 M} [/tex][tex] \textsf{Conc of H+ = 0 M} [/tex][tex] \textsf{Conc of A - = 0 M} [/tex]At equilibrium :
[tex] \textsf{Conc of HA = 0.200 - 0.094(0.200) = 0.200(1 - 0.094) = 0.200(0.906) = 0.1812 M} [/tex][tex] \textsf{Conc of H+ = 0.094(0.200) = 0.0188 M} [/tex][tex] \textsf{Conc of A - = 0.094(0.200) = 0.0188 M} [/tex]Now, we know :
[tex]\qquad \sf \dashrightarrow \: { K_a = \dfrac{[H+] [A-]}{[HA]}} [/tex]
( big brackets represents concentration )
[tex]\qquad \sf \dashrightarrow \: { K_a = \dfrac{0.0188×0.0188}{0.1812}} [/tex]
[tex]\qquad \sf \dashrightarrow \: { K_a = \dfrac{0.00035344}{0.1812}} [/tex]
[tex]\qquad \sf \dashrightarrow \: { K_a \approx 0.00195 } [/tex]
[tex]\qquad \sf \dashrightarrow \: {K_a \approx 1.9 × {10}^{-3} } [/tex]
According to the problem, we have a 0.200 M solution of a weak acid HA that is 9.4% ionized. To find the Ka (acid dissociation constant) for HA, we can use the percent ionization formula:
[tex]\sf \% \: ionization = \dfrac{[H+]}{[HA]initial \times 100}[/tex]From this formula, we know that [H+] (the concentration of hydrogen ions) is equal to 9.4% of [HA]initial, and [HA]initial is equal to the initial concentration of the weak acid, which is 0.200 M. Solving for [H+], we get:
[tex]\sf [H+] = 0.094 \times 0.200 \: M = 0.0188\: M[/tex]Now we can use the equation for Ka:
[tex]\sf Ka = \dfrac{[H+][A-]}{[HA]}[/tex]We don't know the concentration of the conjugate base (A-) at this point, but we can assume that it is equal to [H+] because the weak acid is only slightly ionized. Therefore, we can substitute [A-] = [H+] = 0.0188 M into the equation and solve for Ka:
[tex]\sf Ka = \dfrac{(0.0188)^2}{(0.200 - 0.0188)} = \bold{1.8 \times 10^{-3}}[/tex]
So the answer is [tex]\bold{ B.\: 1.8 \times 10^{-3}}[/tex].
I hope this helps!
Who invented the clay triangle?
A chemistry laboratory device is a clay triangle to support the crucible when heated to high temperatures. It consists of a three-sided triangle frame made of clay or ceramic material.
The heat can pass through the open sides and is evenly distributed throughout the crucible. Although the soil triangle is a common and commonly used piece of laboratory equipment, it is difficult to ascertain who actually invented it.
The design of the clay triangle probably changed over time as a result of diverse contributions from scientists and chemists working on building laboratory equipment. The soil triangle may not have had a clear beginning, as is the case with many scientific instruments, but it is considered an evolution in laboratory technology overall.
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Which main intermolecular force must be overcome to convert liquid nh3 to nh3 vapor?
Intermolecular hydrogen force must be overcome to convert liquid NH3 to NH3 vapour.
Sublimation is the phase transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gaseous phase without passing through the liquid phase.
There are the 3 forces that exist between the 2 molecules of NH3
1. Dispersion force: these forces exist between any 2 molecules regardless of anything else.
2. Hydrogen bonding: H is directly bonded to the extremely electronegative atom N, O and F, hence is nearly stripped off electron due to the large electronegativity difference. Hydrogen being small atom further reduces in size even allowing it to approach other molecules very closely. Here, N, O, and F gathers more partial negative charge.
Due to the closure approach between the molecule and strong partial charge, hydrogen bonding is generally more important than dipole bond.
3. dipole dipole interaction: NH3 is a polar molecule with a permanent separation of charge. Each molecules behaves like a tiny magnet and has positive and negative poles so 2 NH3 molecules attract each other. Dipole dipole interactions are stronger than dispersion force in the small molecules.
Thus we concluded that the hydrogen bond should overcome to convert NH3 to vapours.
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What enone product would you expect to obtain from intramolecular aldol condensation of 5-oxohexanal?
Cyclohex-2-en-1-one product would be obtain from intramolecular aldol condensation of 5-oxohexanal.
What is Intramolecular Aldol Condensation ?The condensation reaction in which two ketone groups and aldehyde group in the same molecule are called Intramolecular Aldol Condensation. Intramolecular Aldol Condensation occurs in five or six membered α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones are formed.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Cyclohex-2-en-1-one product would be obtain from intramolecular aldol condensation of 5-oxohexanal.
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The reaction of hydrogen bromide(g) with chlorine(g) to form hydrogen chloride(g) and bromine(g) proceeds as follows:
2HBr(g) + Cl2(g) -->2HCl(g) + Br2(g)
When 23.5 g HBr(g) reacts with sufficient Cl2(g), 11.8 kJ is evolved.
Calculate the value of △,H for the chemical equation given.
Explain why doesn’t the total pressure increase when more gas is added to the chamber?
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume. Therefore, the effect of pressure change is opposite to the effect of volume change. So when more gas is added to the chamber the total pressure of the chamber doesn't increase.
What are the different relations between pressure and volume?As the volume changes, the concentrations and partial pressures of both reactants and products change. As the volume decreases, the reaction shifts to the reaction side with fewer gas particles.As the volume increases, the reaction shifts to the side of the reaction containing more gas particles. As the pressure increases, the equilibrium shifts towards reactions with fewer moles of gas. As the pressure decreases, the equilibrium shifts to the side of the reaction with higher moles of gas.Moreover, the pressure change in the system due to the addition of the inert gas is not limited to this.To know more about Pressure and Volume visit:
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Hi I need help and I am willing to give brainliest
Can you help me find the percent yield of SiO2 given the equation of SiCl4 + O2 → SiO2 + Cl2
the starting amount for SiCl4 is 150g and O2 at 200g. the actual yield for SiO2 is 49.2 g.
Thank you for any help
1. The first step is to convert your given masses into moles. This way, you can see which reactant is in excess and which one is limiting. A good flow of thought would be: kilograms of SiO2/Carbon→ grams SiO2/Carbon→moles SiO2/Carbon.
2. Repeat this step for the carbon reactant.
3. By comparison, we can tell that the carbon reactant is in excess, which means that the SiO2 reactant is limiting. Because of this, we’ll use the amount of SiO2 to find our percent yield. There’s only so much SiO2 that can react with the carbon.
4. You can now calculate the actual and theoretical yields. The theoretical yield is larger than the actual yield because it does not have physical interactions like loss of energy to the environment and friction to interfere with the reaction.
5. Now compare your two values of actual and theoretical. The formula for percent mass is [(Actual yield)/(Theoretical yield)]*100%. Our final answer for this question is the percent yield of the reaction is 90.8% We can interpret this as 90.8% of the SiO2 reacting will produce solid silicon.
Hope this helps!!
