To find the probability density function (pdf) of the random variable U = X₁ * X₂, where X₁ and X₂ are independent observations on X, we can evaluate the convolution integral.
The convolution of two pdfs is given by the integral of the product of the pdfs. In this case, we need to find the pdf of the product of two observations from the given pdf of X.
The convolution integral for finding the pdf of the product of two random variables X₁ and X₂ is given by:
fU(u) = ∫ fX₁(u/x) * fX₂(x) dx
Here, fX₁(x) and fX₂(x) are the pdfs of X₁ and X₂ respectively. In our case, fX(x) = c * e^(-x²) is the pdf of X.
To find the pdf of U, we substitute the pdf of X into the convolution integral:
fU(u) = ∫ (c * e^(-(u/x)²)) * (c * e^(-x²)) dx
Simplifying the expression and evaluating the integral gives us the pdf of U.
The specific calculation of the convolution integral may involve complex mathematical steps. The resulting pdf for U will depend on the values of the constants c and σ, which are not provided in the given information. To obtain a more detailed answer, specific values for c and σ would be needed to evaluate the convolution integral and determine the pdf of U.
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Count the number of your 75 prices that exceed the 1st price listed in your data set and state it here __56_____. Use n=75 and the number of successes as this number to create a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all stocks in your population that exceed this price. Provide the sample proportion and the Simple Asymptotic confidence interval from the printout here:
Sample Proportion: ___. 0.75676_____________
Simple Asymptotic 95%CI: (0.65900, 0.85451) __________________
Give a practical interpretation for this interval.
What assumption(s) is/are necessary for this confidence interval to be valid? Make sure you use the words of the problem when stating these assumptions
The number of prices in the dataset that exceed the 1st price is 56.
The sample proportion of prices exceeding the 1st price is 0.75676.
The Simple Asymptotic 95% confidence interval for the proportion is (0.65900, 0.85451).
The confidence interval provides a range of values within which we can be reasonably confident that the true proportion of all stocks in the population that exceed the 1st price lies. In this case, based on the sample data, we estimate that approximately 75.676% of the stocks in the population exceed the 1st price.
The lower bound of the confidence interval is 0.659, indicating that at the lower end, at least 65.9% of the stocks in the population exceed the 1st price. The upper bound of the confidence interval is 0.8545, suggesting that at the higher end, at most 85.451% of the stocks in the population exceed the 1st price.
To interpret this interval practically, we can say that we are 95% confident that the true proportion of stocks in the population that exceed the 1st price falls somewhere between 65.9% and 85.451%.
This means that if we were to repeat the sampling process multiple times and construct confidence intervals, approximately 95% of these intervals would contain the true population proportion. Therefore, based on the available data, it is likely that a significant majority of stocks in the population exceed the 1st price.
Assumptions necessary for this confidence interval to be valid include: the sample of 75 prices is representative of the entire population of stocks, the prices are independent of each other, and the sample is large enough for the asymptotic approximation to hold.
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5. The deck of a bridge is suspended 80 meters above a river. If a pebble falls off the side of the bridge, the height, in meters, of the pebble above the water surface after t seconds is given by y = 80 - 4.9t². (a) Find the average velocity of the pebble for the time period beginning when t = 4 and lasting (i) 0.1 seconds (ii) 0.05 seconds (iii) 0.01 seconds (b) Estimate the instantaneous velocity of the pebble after 4 seconds.
The given height function y(t) = 80 - 4.9t², we can differentiate it to find dy/dt. Evaluating dy/dt at t = 4 will provide the estimate of the instantaneous velocity of the pebble at that time.
(a) The average velocity of the pebble for a given time period can be calculated by finding the change in height and dividing it by the corresponding change in time.
(i) For a time period of 0.1 seconds, the average velocity is (y(4 + 0.1) - y(4)) / 0.1.
(ii) For a time period of 0.05 seconds, the average velocity is (y(4 + 0.05) - y(4)) / 0.05.
(iii) For a time period of 0.01 seconds, the average velocity is (y(4 + 0.01) - y(4)) / 0.01.
(b) To estimate the instantaneous velocity of the pebble after 4 seconds, we can find the derivative of the height function y(t) with respect to time t and evaluate it at t = 4. The derivative dy/dt represents the rate of change of height with respect to time, which gives us the instantaneous velocity at a specific moment.
Using the given height function y(t) = 80 - 4.9t², we can differentiate it to find dy/dt. Evaluating dy/dt at t = 4 will provide the estimate of the instantaneous velocity of the pebble at that time.
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A sample of size n=68 is drawn from a normal population whose standard deviation is σ=7.3. The sample mean is x=46.32
PART 1:
Construct a 95% confidence interval for μ. Round the answer to at least two decimal places.
A 95% confidence interval for the mean is __ < μ < __??
PART 2:
If the population were not approximately normal, would the confidence interval constructed in part (a) be valid? Explain.
PART 1:In this problem, sample size (n) = 68, standard deviation (σ) = 7.3 and sample mean (x) = 46.32.The formula to find the confidence interval is: Confidence interval = x ± (zα/2 * σ/√n)Here, zα/2 = z0.025 (from the z-table, for a confidence interval of 95%.
The value of z0.025 is 1.96)Substituting the values, we get,Confidence interval =[tex]46.32 ± (1.96 * 7.3/√68)≈ 46.32 ± 1.91 a[/tex]95% confidence interval for the mean is (44.41, 48.23).PART 2:If the population were not approximately normal, the confidence interval constructed in part (a) may not be valid. This is because the confidence interval formula is based on the assumption that the population follows a normal distribution.
If the population distribution is not normal, then the sample may not be representative of the population, and the assumptions of the formula may not hold.
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If two balanced die are rolled, the possible outcomes can be represented as follows.
(1,1) (2,1) (3,1) (4,1) (5,1) (6,1)
(1,2) (2,2) (3,2) (4,2) (5,2) (6,2)
(1,3) (2,3) (3,3) (4,3) (5,3) (6,3)
(1,4) (2,4) (3,4) (4,4) (5,4) (6,4)
(1,5) (2,5) (3,5) (4,5) (5,5) (6,5)
(1,6) (2,6) (3,6) (4,6) (5,6) (6,6)
determine the probability that the sum of the dice is 4 or 12.
a. 1/6
b. 1/9
c. 1/12
d. 7/36
e. 5/36
The probability that the sum of the two balanced dies is 4 or 12 is 1/9 (Option b)
To determine the probability that the sum of the dice is 4 or 12, we need to find the number of favorable outcomes and divide it by the total number of possible outcomes.
Total Number of Possible Outcomes:
Since each die has 6 sides, the total number of outcomes when two dice are rolled is 6 * 6 = 36.
The number of Favorable Outcomes:
For the sum of the dice to be 4, the possible outcomes are (1, 3), (2, 2), and (3, 1), which is a total of 3 outcomes.
For the sum of the dice to be 12, the possible outcome is (6, 6), which is 1 outcome.
Therefore, the total number of favorable outcomes is 3 + 1 = 4.
Probability = Number of Favorable Outcomes / Total Number of Possible Outcomes
= 4 / 36 = 1 / 9
Therefore, the probability that the sum of the dice is 4 or 12 is 1/9.
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A personality test has a subsection designed to assess the "honesty" of the test-taker. Suppose that you're interested in the mean score, μ, on this subsection among the general population. You decide that you'll use the mean of a random sample of scores on this subsection to estimate μ. What is the minimum sample size needed in order for you to be 95% confident that your estimate is within 2 of μ ? Use the value 22 for the population standard deviation of scores on this subsection. Carry your intermediate computations to at least three decimal places. Write your answer as a whole number (and make sure that it is the minimum whole number that satisfies the requirements). (If necessary, consult a list of formulas.)
The minimum sample size needed is 170, in order to be 95% confident that the estimate is within 2 of μ.
Given, standard deviation (σ) = 22The required sample size is to be determined which assures that the estimate of mean will be within 2 units of the actual mean, with 95% confidence.
Using the formula for the confidence interval of the sample mean, we have : x ± Zα/2(σ/√n) ≤ μ + 2.Using the formula and substituting the known values, we have:2 = Zα/2(σ/√n) ⇒ 2σ/√n = Zα/2.
Considering a 95% confidence interval, α = 0.05. The Z-value for α/2 = 0.025 can be obtained from Z-tables.Z0.025 = 1.96√n = (2σ/Zα/2)² = (2×22/1.96)²n = 169.5204 ≈ 170.
Hence, the minimum sample size needed is 170, in order to be 95% confident that the estimate is within 2 of μ.
The concept of statistical inference relies on the usage of sample data to make conclusions about the population of interest. In order to conduct this inference, one should have a point estimate of the population parameter and an interval estimate of the parameter as well.
A point estimate of a population parameter is a single value that is used to estimate the population parameter. This value can be derived from the sample statistic.
However, a point estimate is unlikely to be equal to the population parameter, and therefore an interval estimate, also known as the confidence interval is required.
A confidence interval is a range of values that has an associated probability of containing the population parameter.
The probability that the confidence interval includes the population parameter is known as the confidence level, and it is typically set at 90%, 95%, or 99%.
A confidence interval can be calculated as the point estimate plus or minus the margin of error.
The margin of error can be determined using the formula:Margin of Error = Critical Value x Standard Error, where the critical value is based on the confidence level and the standard error is determined from the sample data.
The larger the sample size, the smaller the margin of error will be, and therefore, the more accurate the estimate will be. To determine the sample size required to obtain a specific margin of error, the formula can be rearranged to solve for n.
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Determine the decision rule. Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer box(es) within your choice. (Round to two decimal places to the right of the decimal point as needed.) A. Reject H 0 if Z N B. Reject H 0 if Z gTAT <− or Z STA C. Reject H 0 if Z star D. Reject H 0
< State your conclusion. Choose the correct answer below
. A. Since Z wrar falls into the rejection region, reject H 0
. B. Since Z Z star does not fall into the rejection region, do not reject H 0
. C. Since Zertar does not fall into the rejection region, reject H 0
. D. Since Z gray falls into the rojection region, do not reject H O ∗
.
The given question is incomplete, please provide the complete question so that I can help you with it. If the decision rule for a hypothesis test is to reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is less than or equal to a level of significance α.
The decision rule can be written Reject H0 if p-value ≤ αOtherwise, do not reject H0.In this decision rule, the level of significance is the maximum probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. It is usually set at 0.05 or 0.01.
The p-value is the probability of obtaining a sample statistic as extreme as the one observed or more extreme, given that the null hypothesis is true. If the p-value is small, it indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, and we reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value is large, it indicates weak evidence against the null hypothesis, and we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
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should give better approximations. Suppose that we want to approximate 1.2
. The exact value is found using the function, provided we use the correct x-value. Since f(x)= 2x−1
, the x-value that gives 1.2
is x= To find this, just set 2x−1=1.2. Thus, the exact answer to 6 decimal places is 1.2
=
The value of x = 1.1 and the approximation of 1.2 to six decimal places is 1.200000.
The given function is f(x) = 2x − 1. We have to find x such that f(x) = 1.2.
Then we can approximate 1.2 to six decimal places.
Since f(x) = 1.2, 2x − 1 = 1.2.
Adding 1 to both sides, 2x = 2.2.
Dividing by 2, x = 1.1.
Therefore, f(1.1) = 2(1.1) − 1 = 1.2.
Then, we can approximate the value of 1.2 to six decimal places. To find x, we need to substitute f(x) = 1.2 into the equation f(x) = 2x − 1.
Then we obtain the following expression.2x − 1 = 1.2
Adding 1 to both sides of the equation, we obtain 2x = 2.2.
By dividing both sides of the equation by 2, we obtain x = 1.1.
Therefore, the exact value of f(1.1) is1.2 = f(1.1) = 2(1.1) − 1 = 1.2
Thus, we can approximate 1.2 to six decimal places as 1.200000.
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What portion of the normal distribution is associated with the following ranges:
a. Obtaining a z-value greater than z = 1.32
b. Obtaining a z-value of less than z = -0.63
c. Obtaining a z-value between z = 1.57 and z = 2.02
d. Obtaining a z-value between z = -0.25 and z = 0.25
a) Obtaining a z-value greater than z = 1.32 corresponds to the portion of the normal distribution to the right of z = 1.32.
b) Obtaining a z-value of less than z = -0.63 corresponds to the portion of the normal distribution to the left of z = -0.63.
c) Obtaining a z-value between z = 1.57 and z = 2.02 corresponds to the portion of the normal distribution between z = 1.57 and z = 2.02.
d) Obtaining a z-value between z = -0.25 and z = 0.25 corresponds to the portion of the normal distribution between z = -0.25 and z = 0.25.
a) When obtaining a z-value greater than z = 1.32, we are interested in the area under the curve to the right of this z-value. This portion represents the probability of observing a value that is greater than the given z-value. It indicates the percentage of the distribution that falls in the tail region on the right side.
b) In the case of obtaining a z-value of less than z = -0.63, we focus on the area under the curve to the left of this z-value. This portion represents the probability of observing a value that is less than the given z-value. It indicates the percentage of the distribution that falls in the tail region on the left side.
c) Obtaining a z-value between z = 1.57 and z = 2.02 corresponds to the area under the curve between these two z-values. This portion represents the probability of observing a value within this specific range. It indicates the percentage of the distribution that falls within this range.
d) When obtaining a z-value between z = -0.25 and z = 0.25, we are interested in the area under the curve between these two z-values. This portion represents the probability of observing a value within this particular range. It indicates the percentage of the distribution that falls within this range.
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Use the multinomial formula and find the probability for the following data. n =8, X₁ = 4, X₂ = 3, X₂ = 1, P₁ = 0.30, p₂ = 0.50, p = 0.20 0.851 0 0.095 0.333 O 0.057
The probability for the given data is approximately 0.057.
To find the probability using the multinomial formula to use the following formula:
P(X₁=x₁, X₂=x₂, X₃=x₃) = (n! / (x₁! × x₂! × x₃!)) × (p₁²x₁) × (p₂×x₂) × (p₃²x₃)
Given:
n = 8
X₁ = 4
X₂ = 3
X₃ = 1
p₁ = 0.30
p₂ = 0.50
p₃ = 0.20
calculate the probability:
P(X₁=4, X₂=3, X₃=1) = (8! / (4! × 3! × 1!)) × (0.30²4) × (0.50³) × (0.20²)
P(X₁=4, X₂=3, X₃=1) = (8 × 7 × 6 × 5) / (4 × 3 × 2 × 1) × 0.0081 ×0.125 ×0.20
P(X₁=4, X₂=3, X₃=1) = 70 × 0.0081 ×0.125 ×0.20
P(X₁=4, X₂=3, X₃=1) = 0.057
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Suppose we have a binomial distribution with n= 207 trials and a probability of success of p = 0.65 on each trial. a.) Is it appropriate to approximate the p distribution with a normal distribution? Explain. O No, it isn't safe to approximate using a normal distribution. O Yes, you can approximate it using a normal distribution. Explanation: b.) What is the value of up ? c.) What is the value of ap?
a. 72.45
b. 134.55
c. 6.71
a) Yes, it is appropriate to approximate the binomial distribution with a normal distribution when certain conditions are met. According to the normal approximation to the binomial distribution, if both np and n(1-p) are greater than or equal to 10, then the distribution can be approximated by a normal distribution. In this case, the number of trials (n) is 207 and the probability of success (p) is 0.65.
To check the conditions, we calculate np and n(1-p):
np = 207 * 0.65 = 134.55
n(1-p) = 207 * (1 - 0.65) = 72.45
Since both np and n(1-p) are greater than 10, we can conclude that it is appropriate to approximate the binomial distribution with a normal distribution.
b) The mean (μ) of the binomial distribution is given by μ = np. Therefore, the value of μ is:
μ = 207 * 0.65 = 134.55
c) The standard deviation (σ) of the binomial distribution is given by σ = sqrt(np(1-p)). Therefore, the value of σ is:
σ = sqrt(207 * 0.65 * (1 - 0.65)) ≈ 6.71
Using the normal approximation, the mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) can be used to approximate the binomial distribution as a normal distribution with parameters N(μ, σ).
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Suppose that, in reality, doing a values affirmation exercise before a job interview does not affect whether you end up getting hired for the position. Dr. Bell, however, has reported a study where people who did the affirmation exercise were more likely to get hired afterwards. What happened? a. Dr. Bell has committed a type-2 error b. Dr. Bell has correctly retained the null hypothesis c. Dr. Bell has correctly rejected the null hypothesis d. Dr. Bell has committed a type-1 error
The correct option is d.
Dr. Bell has committed a type-1 error.
Dr. Bell has committed a type-1 error as he reported that people who did the affirmation exercise were more likely to get hired afterward. However, in reality, doing a values affirmation exercise before a job interview does not affect whether you end up getting hired for the position.
This means that the null hypothesis is true (in reality, doing a values affirmation exercise before a job interview does not affect whether you end up getting hired for the position) but it was rejected by Dr. Bell's study.
Hence, Dr. Bell has made a type-1 error.
A Type I error is made when a researcher rejects a null hypothesis when it is actually true.
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When a 4 kg mass is attached to a spring whose constant is 36 N/m, it comes to rest in the equilibrium position. Starting at t = 0, a force equal to cos 3t is applied to the system. In the absence of damping, f(t) -6t = 24e (a) find the position of the mass when t = Ã. (b) what is the amplitude of vibrations after a very long time? Problem #7(a): Round your answer to 4 decimals. Problem #7(b): Round your answer to 4 decimals.
The position of the mass when [tex]\(t = a\) is \(x(a) = \frac{1}{10}\sin(3a)\)[/tex] and the amplitude of vibrations after a very long time is[tex]\(A_p = \sqrt{\left(\frac{9}{4}c_1^2 + \frac{9}{4}c_2^2 + \frac{1}{100}\right)}\)[/tex].
The equation of motion for the system is given by:
[tex]\(4x'' + 36x = \cos(3t)\)[/tex]
Dividing the equation by 4, we have:
[tex]\(x'' + 9x = \frac{1}{4}\cos(3t)\)[/tex]
Let's substitute [tex]\(y = x\)[/tex], then the equation becomes:
[tex]\(y'' + \frac{9}{4}y = \frac{1}{4}\cos(3t)\)[/tex]
The complementary function (homogeneous solution) for [tex]\(y'' + \frac{9}{4}y = 0\)[/tex] is:
[tex]\(y_C = c_1\cos\left(\frac{3}{2}t\right) + c_2\sin\left(\frac{3}{2}t\right)\)[/tex]
To find the particular integral, let's assume:
[tex]\(y_p = A\cos(3t) + B\sin(3t)\)[/tex]
Substituting this into the differential equation, we get:
[tex]\(A = 0\), \(B = \frac{1}{10}\)[/tex]
Therefore, the particular integral is:
[tex]\(y_p = \frac{1}{10}\sin(3t)\)[/tex]
The general solution of the differential equation is:
[tex]\(y = c_1\cos\left(\frac{3}{2}t\right) + c_2\sin\left(\frac{3}{2}t\right) + \frac{1}{10}\sin(3t)\)[/tex]
Now, let's find the values of \(c_1\) and \(c_2\) using the initial conditions:
[tex]\(x_0 = y(0) = 0\)[/tex]
[tex]\(v_0 = y'(0) = 0\)[/tex]
The solution becomes:
[tex]\(y = \frac{1}{10}\sin(3t)\)[/tex]
Hence, the position of the mass when [tex]\(t = a\)[/tex] is:
[tex]\(x(a) = y(a) = \frac{1}{10}\sin(3a)\)[/tex]
b) The amplitude of vibrations after a very long time is given by:
Amplitude = [tex]\(A_p\)[/tex]
[tex]\(A_p = \sqrt{c_1^2 + c_2^2}\)[/tex]
[tex]\(A_p = \sqrt{\left(\frac{9}{4}c_1^2 + \frac{9}{4}c_2^2 + \frac{1}{100}\right)}\)[/tex]
Thus, the position of the mass when [tex]\(t = a\) is \(x(a) = \frac{1}{10}\sin(3a)\)[/tex] and the amplitude of vibrations after a very long time is[tex]\(A_p = \sqrt{\left(\frac{9}{4}c_1^2 + \frac{9}{4}c_2^2 + \frac{1}{100}\right)}\)[/tex].
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Explain how this real-life situation is a function. What are the function’s input, output, domain, and range?
The function in this real-life situation relates time (input) to the distance from school (output).
The input is the time, the output is the distance, the domain is the set of specific time values, and the range is the set of specific distance values.
This real-life situation can be represented as a function because it demonstrates a consistent relationship between two variables, time (input) and distance from school (output).
In this case, as time progresses, the corresponding distance from the school changes.
The function's input is the time (x), which represents the independent variable.
The time serves as the input value for the function, and it is the variable we can control or manipulate in this scenario.
In this case, the input values are given as 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes.
The function's output is the distance from the school (f(x)), which represents the dependent variable.
The distance is determined by the value of time and is the result of the function.
It is the variable that depends on the input or changes based on the time.
In this case, the output values for distance are given as 36, 32, 28, 24, and 20 meters.
The domain of the function represents all possible values of the input (time) for which the function is defined.
In this scenario, the domain consists of the specific time values given in the table: 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 minutes.
The range of the function represents all possible values of the output (distance) that the function can produce.
In this case, the range consists of the specific distance values given in the table: 36, 32, 28, 24, and 20 meter.
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The population mean amount of life insurance per US household is
$114,000, and the standard deviation is $30,000 for a sample of 144
households. What is the standard error of the mean for this
sample?
The standard error of the mean for this sample is $2,500.
The standard error of the mean (SE) measures the variability or uncertainty of the sample mean as an estimate of the population mean. It is calculated using the formula:
SE = standard deviation / √sample size
Given:
Population standard deviation (σ) = $30,000
Sample size (n) = 144
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
SE = 30,000 / √144
SE = 30,000 / 12
SE = 2,500
The standard error of the mean for this sample is $2,500. This indicates the average amount of variability or uncertainty in the sample mean estimate of the population mean.
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A survey was conducted among 70 patients admitted to a hospital cardiac unit during a two-week period. The data of the survey are shown below. Let B = the set of patients with high blood pressure. n(B) = 29 n(BNS)=8 n(B nC)=6 n(C) = 28 Let C = the set of patients with high cholesterol levels. n(S) = 29 n(B ncns) = 4 n[(BNC) U (BNS) U (CNS)] = 16 Let S = the set of patients who smoke cigarettes. Answer parts (a)-(d) below. ← (a) Find the number of these patients that had either high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels, but not both. The number of cities that had high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels, but not both, is (b) Find the number of these patients that had fewer than two of the indications listed. The number of patients that had fewer than two of the indications listed is (c) Find the number of these patients that were smokers but had neither high blood pressure nor high cholesterol levels. The number of patients that were smokers but had neither high blood pressure nor high cholesterol levels is (d) Find the number of these patients that did not have exactly two of the indications listed. The number of patients that did not have exactly two of the indications listed is Submit quiz
(a) The number of patients with either high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels, but not both, is given by: n(B) + n(C) - n(B ∩ C) = 29 + 28 - 6 = 51.(b) The number of patients with fewer than two indications listed is: 70 - n(B ∩ C ∩ S) = 70 - n(BNC ∪ BNS ∪ CNS) = 70 - 16 = 54.
(c) The number of patients who were smokers but had neither high blood pressure nor high cholesterol levels is: n(S) - n(B ∩ C ∩ S) = 29 - n(BNC ∪ BNS ∪ CNS) = 29 - 16 = 13. (d) The number of patients who did not have exactly two of the indications listed is: n(BNS ∩ CNS) + n(B ∩ C ∩ S) - n(B ∩ C ∩ S) = 8 + 6 - 6 = 8.
(a) The number of patients who had either high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels, but not both, can be found by subtracting the number of patients in the intersection of B and C (n(B ∩ C)) from the sum of the number of patients in B (n(B)) and the number of patients in C (n(C)), i.e., n(B) + n(C) - n(B ∩ C).
(b) The number of patients who had fewer than two of the indications listed can be calculated by subtracting the number of patients in the set (B ∩ C ∩ S) from the total number of patients (70), i.e., 70 - n(B ∩ C ∩ S).
(c) The number of patients who were smokers but had neither high blood pressure nor high cholesterol levels can be obtained by subtracting the number of patients in the set (B ∩ C ∩ S) from the number of patients in S (n(S)), i.e., n(S) - n(B ∩ C ∩ S).
(d) The number of patients who did not have exactly two of the indications listed can be found by subtracting the number of patients in the set (B ∩ C ∩ S) from the sum of the number of patients who had none of the indications (n(BNS ∩ CNS)) and the number of patients who had all three indications (n(B ∩ C ∩ S)), i.e., n(BNS ∩ CNS) + n(B ∩ C ∩ S) - n(B ∩ C ∩ S).
Therefore, the number of patients who had either high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels, but not both, is 51. The number of patients with fewer than two indications listed is 54. The number of patients who were smokers but had neither high blood pressure nor high cholesterol levels is 13. The number of patients who did not have exactly two of the indications listed is 8.
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(5x10^ 3)x(9x10^a)=4.5x10^6
Answer:
a = 2
Step-by-step explanation:
(5 × 10³) × (9 × 10ᵃ) = 4.5 × 10⁶
(5 × 9) × (10³ × 10ᵃ) = 4.5 × 10⁶
45 × [tex]10^{3 + a}[/tex] = 4.5 × 10⁶
4.5 × [tex]10^{3 + a + 1}[/tex] = 4.5 × 10⁶
[tex]10^{4 + a}[/tex] = 10⁶
4 + a = 6
a = 2
Answer:
a = 2
Step-by-step explanation:
Given equation:
[tex](5 \times 10^3)(9 \times 10^a)=4.5 \times 10^6[/tex]
Divide both sides of the equation by 5 × 10³:
[tex]\implies 9 \times 10^a=\dfrac{4.5 \times 10^6}{5 \times 10^3}[/tex]
[tex]\textsf{Simplify the right side of the equation by dividing the numbers $4.5$ and $5$,}\\\\\textsf{and applying the exponent rule: \quad $\boxed{\dfrac{a^b}{a^c}=a^{b-c}}$}[/tex]
[tex]\implies 9 \times 10^a=0.9 \times10^{6-3}[/tex]
[tex]\implies 9 \times 10^a=0.9 \times10^3[/tex]
Divide both sides of the equation by 9:
[tex]\implies 10^a=0.1 \times10^3[/tex]
Simplify the right side of the equation:
[tex]\implies 10^a=1\times10^2[/tex]
[tex]\implies 10^a=10^2[/tex]
[tex]\textsf{Apply the exponent rule:} \quad a^{f(x)}=a^{g(x)} \implies f(x)=g(x)[/tex]
[tex]\implies a = 2[/tex]
A random sample of size n1=24, taken from a normal population with a standard deviation σ1=5, has a mean x1=90. A second random sample of size n2=38, taken from a different normal population with a standard deviation σ2=3, has a mean x2=32. Find a 92% confidence interval for μ1−μ2.
We can use the formula: CI = (x1 - x2) ± Z * sqrt((σ1^2 / n1) + (σ2^2 / n2)). The 92% confidence interval for μ1 - μ2 is (56.4765, 59.5235).
Given the sample sizes (n1 = 24, n2 = 38), sample means (x1 = 90, x2 = 32), and standard deviations (σ1 = 5, σ2 = 3), we can calculate the confidence interval.
Using the Z-score corresponding to a 92% confidence level (Z = 1.75), we substitute the values into the formula to compute the confidence interval for μ1 - μ2.
The formula for the confidence interval (CI) of the difference between two population means (μ1 - μ2) is given by (x1 - x2) ± Z * sqrt((σ1^2 / n1) + (σ2^2 / n2)), where x1 and x2 are the sample means, σ1 and σ2 are the standard deviations, n1 and n2 are the sample sizes, and Z is the Z-score corresponding to the desired confidence level.
In this case, we have x1 = 90, x2 = 32, σ1 = 5, σ2 = 3, n1 = 24, n2 = 38. To find the Z-score for a 92% confidence level, we refer to the Z-table or use a statistical calculator, which yields a value of 1.75.
Substituting the given values into the formula, we have:
CI = (90 - 32) ± 1.75 * sqrt((5^2 / 24) + (3^2 / 38))
= 58 ± 1.75 * sqrt(0.5208 + 0.2368)
= 58 ± 1.75 * sqrt(0.7576)
= 58 ± 1.75 * 0.8708
= 58 ± 1.5235
Therefore, the 92% confidence interval for μ1 - μ2 is (56.4765, 59.5235).
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The functions f and g are integrable and ∫ 2
6
f(x)dx=6.∫ 2
6
g(x)dx=5, and ∫ 5
6
f(x)dx=3. Evaluate the integral below or state that there is not enough information −∫ 2
3(x)dx
We have enough information to evaluate the integral of x from 2 to 3, which is equal to 5/2. However, we need to find the negative of this value, which is -5/2. Therefore, the answer to the integral −∫²₃ (x)dx is -5/2.
We know that the integral of x from 2 to 3 is
∫²₃ (x)dx = (3^2/2) - (2^2/2) = 9/2 - 2 = 5/2.
Now we need to determine whether we have enough information to evaluate this integral using the given data.
Let's start by using the properties of integrals to find the integral of f(x) from 2 to 5 and from 5 to 6:
∫²₆ f(x)dx = ∫²₅ f(x)dx + ∫⁵₆ f(x)dx= 6.
∫²₆ g(x)dx + 3= 6(5) + 3 = 33
Therefore, ∫²₅ f(x)dx = 33 - 3 = 30 and ∫⁵₆ f(x)dx = 3.
Now we can find the integral of f(x) from 2 to 3:
∫²₃ f(x)dx = ∫²₅ f(x)dx - ∫³₅ f(x)dx= 30 - ∫⁵₆ f(x)dx= 30 - 3 = 27
Therefore, −∫²₃ (x)dx = -5/2.
We have enough information to evaluate the integral of x from 2 to 3, which is equal to 5/2.
However, we need to find the negative of this value, which is -5/2.
Therefore, the answer to the integral −∫²₃ (x)dx is -5/2.
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Company A receives large shipments of microprocessors from Company B. It must try to ensure the proportion of microprocessors that are defective is small. Suppose Company A decides to test ten microprocessors out of a shipment of thousands of these microprocessors. Suppose that if at least one of the microprocessors is defective, the shipment is returned. Complete parts a through c.
a. if Company B's shipment contains 13% defective microprocessors, calculate the probability the entire shipment will be returned.
The probability is _________ (round 4 decimal places)
b. If company B and Company A agree that Company B will not provide more than 4% defective chips, calculate the probability that the entire shipment will be returned even though only 4% are defective.
The probability is ________ (round 4 decimal places)
c. Calculate the probability that the entire shipment will be kept by Company A even though the shipment has 13% defective microprocessors.
The probability is _________ (round to 4 decimal places)
In part a, we use the binomial distribution to calculate the probability of 0 or 1 defective microprocessors in a sample of 10 microprocessors, given that 13% of the shipment is defective. The probability of 0 or 1 defective microprocessors is 0.3437, so the probability that at least 1 defective microprocessor is found and the shipment is returned is 1 - 0.3437 = 0.6562.
In part b, we use the same logic, but this time we use the fact that 4% of the shipment is defective. The probability of 0 or 1 defective microprocessors in a sample of 10 microprocessors, given that 4% of the shipment is defective, is 0.9990234375. So, the probability that at least 1 defective microprocessor is found and the shipment is returned is 1 - 0.9990234375 = 0.00097656.
In part c, we simply subtract the probability that the shipment will be returned from 1. Since the probability that the shipment will be returned is 0.6562, the probability that the shipment will be kept is 1 - 0.6562 = 0.3437.
The binomial distribution is a probability distribution that can be used to calculate the probability of getting a certain number of successes in a fixed number of trials, where each trial has only two possible outcomes, success or failure. In this case, the success is finding a defective microprocessor and the failure is not finding a defective microprocessor. The trials are the 10 microprocessors that are tested.
The probability of success in each trial is 0.13 if 13% of the shipment is defective and 0.04 if 4% of the shipment is defective. The probability of failure in each trial is 0.87 if 13% of the shipment is defective and 0.96 if 4% of the shipment is defective.
The binomial distribution can be used to calculate the probability of getting 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 10 successes in 10 trials. In this case, we are only interested in the probability of getting 0 or 1 successes, since if we get 2 or more successes, the shipment will be returned.
The probability of getting 0 or 1 successes in 10 trials, given that the probability of success in each trial is 0.13, is 0.3437. The probability of getting 0 or 1 successes in 10 trials, given that the probability of success in each trial is 0.04, is 0.9990234375.
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6. Evaluate the following integrals. a) \( \int x e^{x^{2}} d x \) b) \( \int_{0}^{2} x\left(x^{2}+3\right)^{2} d x \)
a) The value of the integral is (1/2)[tex]e^{x^{2} }[/tex] + C
b) The value of the integral is 56.
a) To evaluate the integral ∫x[tex]e^{x^{2} }[/tex] dx, we can use a substitution. Let u = [tex]x^{2}[/tex], then du = 2x dx. Rearranging, we have dx = du/(2x). Substituting these values, we get:
∫x[tex]e^{x^{2} }[/tex] dx = ∫(1/2)[tex]e^{u}[/tex] du = (1/2)∫[tex]e^{u}[/tex] du = (1/2)[tex]e^{u}[/tex] + C
Now, substituting back u = x^2, we have:
∫x[tex]e^{x^{2} }[/tex] dx = (1/2)[tex]e^{x^{2} }[/tex] + C
b) To evaluate the integral ∫x[tex](x^{2} +3)^{2}[/tex] dx from x = 0 to 2, we expand the expression inside the integral:
∫x[tex](x^{2} +3)^{2}[/tex] dx = ∫x([tex]x^4[/tex] + 6[tex]x^2[/tex] + 9) dx
Expanding further:
∫([tex]x^5[/tex]+ 6[tex]x^3[/tex] + 9x) dx
Integrating each term separately:
∫[tex]x^5[/tex] dx + ∫6[tex]x^3[/tex] dx + ∫9x dx
Using the power rule for integration, we have:
(1/6)[tex]x^6[/tex] + (3/2)[tex]x^4[/tex] + (9/2)[tex]x^{2}[/tex]+ C
Now, we evaluate this expression from x = 0 to 2:
[(1/6)([tex]2^6[/tex]) + (3/2)([tex]2^4[/tex]) + (9/2)([tex]2^2[/tex])] - [(1/6)([tex]0^6[/tex]) + (3/2)([tex]0^4[/tex]) + (9/2)([tex]0^2[/tex])]
Simplifying further:
[64/6 + 48/2 + 36/2] - [0]
[32/3 + 24 + 18] - [0]
96/3 + 24
32 + 24
56
Therefore, the value of the integral ∫x[tex](x^{2} +3)^{2}[/tex] dx from x = 0 to 2 is 56.
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I NEED HELP ASAPPP
Match the reasons with the statements in the proof if the last line of the proof would be
6. ∠1 and ∠7 are supplementary by definition.
Given: s || t
Prove: 1, 7 are supplementary
1. Substitution s||t
2. Exterior sides in opposite rays. ∠5 and ∠7 are supplementary.
3. Given m∠5 + m∠7 = 180°
4. If lines are ||, corresponding angles are equal. m∠1 = m∠5
5. Definition of supplementary angles. m∠1 + m∠7 = 180°
The matching of reasons with the statements in the proof is as follows:
Exterior sides in opposite rays. ∠5 and ∠7 are supplementary.
Given m∠5 + m∠7 = 180°
Definition of supplementary angles. m∠1 + m∠7 = 180°
for such more question on
To match the reasons with the statements in the proof, we can analyze the given statements and find the corresponding reasons:
Substitution s||t - This reason does not directly correspond to any of the given statements.
Exterior sides in opposite rays. ∠5 and ∠7 are supplementary. - This reason corresponds to statement 2.
Given m∠5 + m∠7 = 180° - This reason corresponds to statement 3.
If lines are ||, corresponding angles are equal. m∠1 = m∠5 - This reason does not directly correspond to any of the given statements.
Definition of supplementary angles. m∠1 + m∠7 = 180° - This reason corresponds to statement 5.
As a result, the following is how the justifications fit the claims in the proof:
opposing rays on the outside sides. The numbers 5 and 7 are addenda.
Assuming m5 + m7 = 180°
Supplementary angles are defined. m∠1 + m∠7 = 180°
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Part 2
The random variable Y follows a normal distribution with mean µ and variance o², i.e. Y N(μ, σ²). Suppose we have the following information:
P(X ≤ 66) = 0.0421 and P(X = 81) = 0.1298
(a) Compute the value of σ = 5 (c) Calculate P(65 ≤ X ≤ 74)
a. the value of μ (mean) is approximately 74.4.
c. the probability P(65 ≤ X ≤ 74) is approximately 0.1400.
To compute the value of σ (standard deviation) based on the given information, we can use the standard normal distribution table.
(a) P(X ≤ 66) = 0.0421
To find the corresponding z-value, we need to look up the probability 0.0421 in the standard normal distribution table. The closest value is 0.0420, which corresponds to a z-value of -1.68.
We know that for a standard normal distribution, z = (X - μ) / σ.
Substituting the given values:
-1.68 = (66 - μ) / 5
Now, solve for μ (mean):
-1.68 * 5 = 66 - μ
-8.4 = 66 - μ
-μ = -8.4 - 66
-μ = -74.4
μ ≈ 74.4
Therefore, the value of μ (mean) is approximately 74.4.
(c) To calculate P(65 ≤ X ≤ 74), we can use the standard normal distribution table and z-scores.
First, we need to convert X values to z-scores using the formula: z = (X - μ) / σ.
Substituting the given values:
z₁ = (65 - 74.4) / 5
z₂ = (74 - 74.4) / 5
z₁ = -1.88 / 5
z₂ = -0.08 / 5
z₁ ≈ -0.376
z₂ ≈ -0.016
Now, we can calculate P(65 ≤ X ≤ 74) using the z-scores:
P(65 ≤ X ≤ 74) = P(z₁ ≤ z ≤ z₂)
Looking up these values in the standard normal distribution table, we find:
P(z ≤ -0.016) ≈ 0.4920
P(z ≤ -0.376) ≈ 0.3520
Therefore,
P(65 ≤ X ≤ 74) ≈ 0.4920 - 0.3520
≈ 0.1400
Hence, the probability P(65 ≤ X ≤ 74) is approximately 0.1400.
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Mrs. Sudha lent ` 4,000 in such a way that some amount to Mr. A at 3% p. A. S. I. And rest amount to B
at 5% p. A. S. I. , the annual interest from both is ` 144, Find the amount lent to Mr. A
Simple interest is a basic method of calculating the interest on a loan or investment, based on the principal amount, the interest rate, and the time period involved. The amount lent to Mr. A is `2800.
Simple interest is a basic method of calculating the interest on a loan or investment, based on the principal amount, the interest rate, and the time period involved. It is called "simple" because it is calculated solely based on the initial principal amount without considering any compounding of interest over time.
Simple interest is commonly used in situations such as short-term loans, savings accounts with fixed interest rates, and some types of financial investments. However, it does not account for the compounding of interest, which is the accumulation of interest on both the principal and previously earned interest. For scenarios involving compounding, other interest calculations like compound interest are more appropriate.
To find the amount lent to Mr. A, we can use the concept of simple interest and create an equation based on the given information.
Let's assume that Mrs. Sudha lent `x to Mr. A. This means that the amount lent to Mr. B would be `4000 - x, as the total amount lent is `4000.
Now, we can calculate the interest earned from each loan. The interest earned by Mr. A at 3% p.a. would be (x * 3/100), and the interest earned by Mr. B at 5% p.a. would be ((4000 - x) * 5/100). The sum of these interests is given as `144.
So, we can create the equation: (x * 3/100) + ((4000 - x) * 5/100) = 144.
To solve this equation, we can simplify it:
(3x + 20000 - 5x) / 100 = 144
-2x + 20000 = 14400
-2x = 14400 - 20000
-2x = -5600
x = -5600 / -2
x = 2800
Therefore, the amount lent to Mr. A is `2800.
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Let W 1
be the solid half-cone bounded by z= x 2
+y 2
,z=4 and the yz-plane with x≥0, and let Let W 2
be the solid half-cone bounded by z= x 2
+y 2
,z=3 and the xz-plane with y≤0. For each of the following, decide (without calculating its value) whether the integral is positive, negative, or zero. (a) ∫ W 2
yzdV is (b) ∫ W 1
x 2
ydV is (c) ∫ W 2
xzdV is
The integral is a three-dimensional integral. To answer whether the integral is positive, negative or zero without calculating its value we should apply the concept of odd and even functions.
The question is asking us to decide whether the integral is positive, negative, or zero, without calculating its value. To do so, we will need to use the concept of odd and even functions. A function is said to be odd if it is symmetric about the origin. For an odd function, f(-x) = -f(x). On the other hand, a function is even if it is symmetric about the y-axis. For an even function, f(-x) = f(x). Now let's consider the given integrals.
For part (a), we have to evaluate the integral ∫W2yzdV. Since yz is an odd function (since it is a product of y and z, both of which are odd functions), the integral is equal to zero.
For part (b), we have to evaluate the integral ∫W1x2ydV. Since x^2y is an odd function (since it is a product of an even function x^2 and an odd function y), the integral is equal to zero.
For part (c), we have to evaluate the integral ∫W2xzdV. Since xz is an odd function (since it is a product of an odd function x and an even function z), the integral is equal to zero.
Therefore, we can conclude that the integrals in parts (a), (b), and (c) are all equal to zero. This means that none of them are positive or negative, but rather they all integrate to zero.The integrals in parts (a), (b), and (c) are all equal to zero. This is because the integrands are all odd functions, and the integral of an odd function over a symmetric interval about the origin is zero.
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Find the standardized test statistic to test the claim that μ1=μ2. Two samples are randomly selected from each population. The sample statistics are given below.
n1=40, n2=35, x1=19, x2=20 ,σ1=2.5, σ2=2.8
A.
2.6
B.
−1.0
C.
−0.8
D.
−1.6
Answer:
The closest option is option D (-1.6) for standardized test statistic , but the correct value is actually -1.828.
To find the standardized test statistic for testing the claim that μ1 = μ2, we can use the formula:
Standardized test statistic (z) = (x1 - x2) / √[(σ1^2 / n1) + (σ2^2 / n2)]
Given the sample statistics:
n1 = 40
n2 = 35
x1 = 19
x2 = 20
σ1 = 2.5
σ2 = 2.8
Plugging these values into the formula, we have:
z = (19 - 20) / √[(2.5^2 / 40) + (2.8^2 / 35)]
Simplifying the equation:
z = -1 / √[(0.15625) + (0.14286)]
z = -1 / √(0.29911)
z ≈ -1 / 0.5472
z ≈ -1.828
Therefore, the standardized test statistic to test the claim that μ1 = μ2 is approximately -1.828.
The correct answer is not provided among the options given (A, B, C, D). The closest option is option D (-1.6), but the correct value is actually -1.828.
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Answer:
The closest option is option D (-1.6) for standardized test statistic , but the correct value is actually -1.828.
To find the standardized test statistic for testing the claim that μ1 = μ2, we can use the formula:
Standardized test statistic (z) = (x1 - x2) / √[(σ1^2 / n1) + (σ2^2 / n2)]
Given the sample statistics:
n1 = 40
n2 = 35
x1 = 19
x2 = 20
σ1 = 2.5
σ2 = 2.8
Plugging these values into the formula, we have:
z = (19 - 20) / √[(2.5^2 / 40) + (2.8^2 / 35)]
Simplifying the equation:
z = -1 / √[(0.15625) + (0.14286)]
z = -1 / √(0.29911)
z ≈ -1 / 0.5472
z ≈ -1.828
Therefore, the standardized test statistic to test the claim that μ1 = μ2 is approximately -1.828.
The correct answer is not provided among the options given (A, B, C, D). The closest option is option D (-1.6), but the correct value is actually -1.828.
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Find the flux of F across S. Given: F (x, y, z) = < xz, y-z, 3x²-z² > S is z = 1-x² (positively oriented portion of the parabolic cylinder) Inside the rectangle -1≤x≤1, 0sys2
The flux of F across S is 4π, the surface S is a positively oriented portion of the parabolic cylinder z = 1 - x², inside the rectangle -1 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2.
The vector field F is defined as follows:
F(x, y, z) = <xz, y - z, 3x² - z²>
The flux of F across S can be calculated using the surface integral:
Flux = ∬_S F ⋅ dS
In this case, the surface integral can be evaluated using the following steps:
Paramterize the surface S using the following coordinates:
x = u
y = v
z = 1 - u²
Calculate the vector normal to the surface S:
n = <-2u, 1, 2u>
Evaluate the surface integral:
Flux = ∬_S F ⋅ dS = ∫_0^2 ∫_{-1}^1 F(u, v, 1 - u²) ⋅ n du dv
Evaluate the inner integral:
Flux = ∫_0^2 ∫_{-1}^1 <uv, v - (1 - u²), 3u² - (1 - u²)²> ⋅ <-2u, 1, 2u> du dv
Flux = ∫_0^2 ∫_{-1}^1 -2uv² + v² - 2u³ + 3u⁴ du dv
Evaluate the outer integral:
Flux = ∫_0^2 -2u³ + 3u⁴ du
Flux = 4π
Therefore, the flux of F across S is 4π.
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Andrew thinks that people living in a rural environment have a healthier lifestyle than other people. He believes the average lifespan in the USA is 77 years. A random sample of 9 obituaries from newspapers from rural towns in Idaho give xˉ=78.86 and s=1.51. Does this sample provide evidence that people living in rural Idaho communities live longer than 77 years? (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses: (Type "mu" for the symbol μ, e.g. mu>1 for the mean is greater than 1 , mu <1 for the mean is less than 1 , mu not =1 for the mean is not equal to 1 ) H0 : Ha : (b) Find the test statistic, t= (c) Answer the question: Does this sample provide evidence that people living in rural Idaho communities live longer than 77 years?
The null and alternative hypotheses are as follows; Null hypothesis:H0:μ≤77 Alternative hypothesis:Ha:μ>77. The calculated value (5.61) of the test statistic is greater than the critical value (1.860), we reject the null hypothesis (H0). There is sufficient evidence to prove that people living in rural Idaho communities live longer than 77 years.
(a) The null and alternative hypotheses are as follows; Null hypothesis:H0:μ≤77 Alternative hypothesis:Ha:μ>77
We are given that Andrew thinks that people living in rural environment have a healthier lifestyle than other people. He believes that the average lifespan in the USA is 77 years. A random sample of 9 obituaries from newspapers from rural towns in Idaho give x¯=78.86 and s=1.51.
We need to find out if this sample provides evidence that people living in rural Idaho communities live longer than 77 years. Null hypothesis states that there is no evidence that people living in rural Idaho communities live longer than 77 years, while the alternative hypothesis states that there is sufficient evidence that people living in rural Idaho communities live longer than 77 years.
(b) Test statistic: The formula to calculate the test statistic is given as follows;
t= x¯−μs/√n
where x¯= 78.86,
μ = 77,
s = 1.51,
n = 9
t= (78.86−77)1.51/√9
t= 5.61
(c) Conclusion: We compare the test statistic obtained in part (b) with the critical value obtained from t-table. We have one tailed test and 5 degrees of freedom (df= n−1 = 9-1 = 8). Using the t-table we get the critical value for α = 0.05 and df= 8 as 1.860.
Since the calculated value (5.61) of the test statistic is greater than the critical value (1.860), we reject the null hypothesis (H0).Therefore, there is sufficient evidence to prove that people living in rural Idaho communities live longer than 77 years.
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A fair die will be rolled 10 times. What is the probability that
an even number is rolled less than 6 but more than 3 times? Round
your answer to four decimal places.
Given that a fair die will be rolled 10 times. We need to find the probability that an even number is rolled less than 6 but more than 3 times.
Step 1We know that a fair die has 6 faces numbered 1 to 6.Step 2The total number of outcomes when the die is rolled 10 times is:
$$6^{10} = 60466176$$Step 3The favorable outcomes can be represented in the following manner:
x x x x x x x x x x (even numbers can only be 2, 4 or 6)For an even number to appear less than 6 but more than 3 times, there are two possibilities:2 even numbers can appear in 4 ways = $C(10, 2) \cdot 3^8$4 even numbers can appear in
1 way = $C(10, 4) \cdot 2^6$Step 4The probability of getting an even number less than 6 but more than 3 times is given by the ratio of favorable outcomes to total number of outcomes.$$P(\text{even number < 6 but > 3 in 10 rolls})
= \frac{C(10, 2) \cdot 3^8 + C(10, 4) \cdot 2^6}{6^{10}}$$
We can use the calculator to evaluate the answer.
P(even number < 6 but > 3 in 10 rolls) = 0.0732 (rounded to four decimal places)Hence, the required probability is 0.0732.
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A small fleet of airplanes is nearing the end of its lifetime. The remaining operational lifetime of the fleet is reckoned to be 3, 4 or 5 years, each with probability one-third. A decision must be made on how many spare parts of a certain component to produce. The demand for spare parts of the component is Poisson distributed with an expected value of 10 units per year for each year of the remaining lifetime of the plane. The demands in the various years are independent of each other. The decision is made to produce 40 units of the spare part.
a. What is the probability that producing 40 units will not be enough to cover the demand? b. What is the probability that the stock of parts will be used up by the demand in years 3 and 4? c. What is the expected number of units not used after the end of year 5? d. Suppose the expected value of the Poisson process is 10 units per year for the first three years, but then rises to 12 units in year 4 and to 14 units in year 5. By means of a Monte Carlo simulation, estimate the probability that more than 60 units will be required to meet the demand. (10 marks
a. The probability of producing 40 units will not be enough to cover the demand, we can calculate the cumulative probability of demand exceeding 40 units. Since the demand for spare parts is Poisson distributed with an expected value of 10 units per year, we can use the Poisson distribution formula.
P(X > 40) = 1 - P(X ≤ 40)
For each year of the remaining lifetime (3, 4, and 5 years), we can calculate the probability using the Poisson distribution formula with a lambda value of 10. Then, we take the average since the probabilities are equally likely:
P(X > 40) = (P(X > 40) for year 3 + P(X > 40) for year 4 + P(X > 40) for year 5) / 3
b. To find the probability that the stock of parts will be used up by the demand in years 3 and 4, we calculate the cumulative probability of demand exceeding the available stock of parts (40 units) in years 3 and 4. Using the Poisson distribution formula with a lambda value of 10, we can calculate the probabilities for each year:
P(X > 40) for year 3
P(X > 40) for year 4
Then, we multiply these probabilities together since the events are independent:
P(X > 40) = P(X > 40) for year 3 × P(X > 40) for year 4
c. To find the expected number of units not used after the end of year 5, we need to calculate the expected demand for each year using the Poisson distribution formula with a lambda value of 10. Then, we sum the expected demands for years 3, 4, and 5 and subtract it from the available stock of parts (40 units):
Expected units not used = 40 - (Expected demand for year 3 + Expected demand for year 4 + Expected demand for year 5)
d. To estimate the probability that more than 60 units will be required to meet the demand with the updated expected values of the Poisson process, we can perform a Monte Carlo simulation. In the simulation, we generate a large number of samples based on the Poisson distribution with the corresponding expected values for each year (10 units for years 1-3, 12 units for year 4, and 14 units for year 5). For each sample, we calculate the total demand and count the number of instances where the demand exceeds 60 units. Finally, the estimated probability is obtained by dividing the count by the total number of samples. The larger the number of samples, the more accurate the estimation.
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Solve the problem. Two companies, A and B. package and market a chemical substance and claim.15 of the total weight of the substance is sodium. However, a careful survey of 4,000 packages (half from each company) indicates the proportion varies around.15, with the results shown here. Chemical Brand 150-199 > 200 10% 5% 5% 10% 30% Find the percentage of all packages that had a sodium total weight proportion between .100 and .199. 35% 15% 70% <100 A 25% 20%
The percentage of all packages that had a sodium total weight proportion between 0.100 and 0.199 is 22.5%.
To find the percentage of all packages that had a sodium total weight proportion between 0.100 and 0.199, we need to sum the percentages from the table provided for the given range.
From the table, we can see that for Chemical Brand A, the percentage of packages with a sodium proportion between 0.100 and 0.199 is 25%. For Chemical Brand B, the percentage is 20%.
Since the survey was conducted on 4,000 packages (half from each company), we need to calculate the weighted average based on the proportion of packages from each company.
The percentage of packages with the desired sodium proportion from both companies is given by:
(0.5 * 25%) + (0.5 * 20%) = 0.125 + 0.100 = 0.225
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