Modigliani-Miller theory in a perfect market suggests that the financing decision has no impact on the value of a firm.
The M&M theory, developed by economists Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller, states that in a perfect market with no taxes, no transaction costs, no asymmetric information, and no bankruptcy costs, the value of a firm is determined solely by its underlying assets and the expected cash flows generated by those assets. The theory suggests that the way a firm is financed, whether through debt or equity, does not affect its overall value. Investors can replicate the firm's capital structure through their own borrowing or lending decisions, resulting in an equivalent return regardless of the firm's financing choices.
It's important to note that the M&M theory is based on several assumptions that may not hold in the real world, such as perfect market conditions. In reality, various factors can influence the financing decisions and value of a firm, such as taxes, bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and information asymmetry.
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A person purchased a $177,801 home 10 years ago by paying 15% down and signing a 30-year mortgage at 9.3% compounded monthly. Interest rates have dropped and the owner wants to refinance the unpaid balance by signing a new 20-year mortgage at 5.7% compounded monthly. How much interest will refinancing save?
The refinancing will save approximately $42,599.07 in interest.
To calculate the interest savings from refinancing, we need to compare the total interest paid on the current mortgage with the total interest that would be paid on the new mortgage.
First, let's calculate the remaining balance on the current mortgage after 10 years. The down payment made was 15% of $177,801, which is $26,670. The loan amount is therefore $151,131 ($177,801 - $26,670). We can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity to find the remaining balance:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where:
FV is the future value (remaining balance),
P is the monthly payment,
r is the monthly interest rate,
n is the number of months.
For the current mortgage, the monthly interest rate is 9.3% / 12 = 0.775% and the number of months is 30 * 12 = 360. Plugging these values into the formula, we can solve for the remaining balance, which turns out to be $84,058.63.
Next, let's calculate the total interest paid on the current mortgage. This can be found by subtracting the original loan amount from the sum of all monthly payments over 30 years. The monthly payment can be calculated using the formula for the monthly payment of an ordinary annuity:
P = A * r / [(1 + r)^n - 1]
Where:
A is the loan amount,
r is the monthly interest rate,
n is the number of months.
Plugging in the values, we find that the monthly payment for the current mortgage is $1,203.21. Multiplying this by 360 months gives us a total payment of $433,155.60. The total interest paid is the difference between the total payment and the original loan amount, which is $433,155.60 - $151,131 = $282,024.60.
Now, let's calculate the remaining balance and the total interest paid on the new mortgage. Using the same formulas, but with a monthly interest rate of 5.7% / 12 = 0.475% and a term of 20 years (240 months), we find that the remaining balance on the new mortgage after 10 years is $63,037.67. The total payment over 20 years is $1,124.71 * 240 = $269,929.98. The total interest paid on the new mortgage is $269,929.98 - $63,037.67 = $206,892.31.
The interest savings from refinancing is the difference between the total interest paid on the current mortgage and the total interest paid on the new mortgage, which is $282,024.60 - $206,892.31 = $75,132.29. However, we should consider the interest that would be paid on the new mortgage for the remaining 10 years. Using the same formulas, we find that the interest for the remaining 10 years is $32,533.22. Therefore, the net interest savings from refinancing is $75,132.29 - $32,533.22 = $42,599.07.
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Income Statement Locate the tab labeled "Income Statement" where you will find information regarding Income & Expenses for the Baruch location for May 2019. I would recommend completeting the Income Statement prior to answering the following questions. Numerical answers should be formatted as following: $10,000.00 or $9,999.99 with rounding to the second decimal 6. What is total Revenue? 7. What is the average revenue of hamburgers and cheeseburgers? 8. What is Gross Profit?
6. The total revenue is $16,364.50.
7. The average revenue of hamburgers and cheeseburgers is $2.66.8.
9. The value of gross profit is $11,295.60.
6. The total revenue is the total income that a company earns from its operations in a specific time period. In May 2019, the total revenue for the Baruch location was $16,364.50. The revenue is the sum of the revenue generated from sales of the three main food items, which are burgers, drinks, and fries.
The revenue from burgers was $11, 710.00, from drinks was $2,089.50, and from fries was $2,565.00.
7. The average revenue of hamburgers and cheeseburgers is $2.66.The average revenue is the total revenue divided by the total number of hamburgers and cheeseburgers sold.
The total revenue from hamburgers and cheeseburgers was $11,710.00, and the total number of hamburgers and cheeseburgers sold was 4,400.
8. Gross profit is the revenue left over after the cost of goods sold has been deducted. The cost of goods sold for the Baruch location for May 2019 was $5,068.90.
Therefore, the gross profit for May 2019 was $11,295.60, calculated as follows
:Gross Profit = Total Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit = $16,364.50 - $5,068.90 = $11,295.60
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Describe the actions a hybrid retailer should take to address retail product.
A hybrid retailer should take the following actions to address retail product:
Conduct market research by analyzing customer trends and preference of high demand productDevelop a product strategy which include price, market plan of the product to offer Optimize inventory management as what amount of stock is required to meet customer demand Offer a seamless shopping experience by offering user friendly service.Monitor and adjust the product mix by keeping a regular monitoring on sales data.1. Conduct market research: This involves analyzing consumer trends and preferences to identify the products that are in high demand. This information can be obtained through surveys, focus groups, and online analytics.
2. Develop a product strategy: Based on the market research, the retailer should develop a product strategy that outlines the types of products to offer, the pricing strategy, and the marketing plan.
3. Optimize inventory management: The retailer should ensure that they have the right amount of stock to meet customer demand while minimizing the costs associated with carrying inventory.
4. Offer a seamless shopping experience: The retailer should ensure that the customer experience is consistent across all channels, whether online or in-store. This includes offering a user-friendly website, easy checkout process, and providing excellent customer service.
5. Monitor and adjust the product mix: The retailer should regularly monitor sales data to identify which products are selling well and which ones are not. This information can be used to adjust the product mix and optimize inventory levels.
Overall, a hybrid retailer should focus on understanding customer needs and preferences, offering a seamless shopping experience, and leveraging technology to improve the product offering.
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Which of the following constitutes the acceptance of an offer?
a. When an insurer issues a binder
b. When the applicant completes the application
c. When the insurer makes a counteroffer
d. When the agent assures the applicant he or she will be covered
None of the options mentioned (a, b, c, or d) constitute the acceptance of an offer. The acceptance occurs when the insurer explicitly agrees to the terms of the offer made by the applicant.
The acceptance of an offer occurs when one party agrees to the terms and conditions set forth in the offer. Let's evaluate each option in relation to the acceptance of an offer:
a. When an insurer issues a binder: Issuing a binder is typically done by an insurer to provide temporary coverage until the insurance policy is issued. It does not constitute the acceptance of an offer, but rather serves as evidence of the intent to provide coverage.
b. When the applicant completes the application: The completion of an application by the applicant is generally considered an offer to the insurer. It signifies the applicant's intention to purchase insurance but does not by itself constitute the acceptance of the offer.
c. When the insurer makes a counteroffer: A counteroffer is a response to an initial offer, modifying its terms. If the insurer makes a counteroffer, it indicates that they have not yet accepted the original offer. Therefore, it does not constitute the acceptance of an offer.
d. When the agent assures the applicant he or she will be covered: Assurances from an agent regarding coverage do not necessarily constitute the acceptance of an offer. The final acceptance of an offer typically requires an explicit agreement between the parties involved.
So, none of the options is correct.
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The financial crisis that started in the summer of 2007 and intensified in September 2008 has remade Wall Street. A number of financial giants in USA such as Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers have either disappeared or been rescued through large government bailouts. Discuss the causes/reasons of the global financial crisis that began in 2008 in USA and spread from the USA to the rest of the world. How do you think that the use of derivatives can be benefit from such extreme loss?
The financial crisis that took place in the summer of 2007 and intensified in September 2008 has reshaped the Wall Street. It led to the disappearance of several financial giants, including Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, which either went bankrupt or were saved through substantial government bailouts.
The causes of the global financial crisis that began in 2008 in the United States and subsequently spread throughout the world are numerous and complex. The United States' housing market crash was one of the leading causes of the financial crisis. The rising housing bubble caused the price of homes to skyrocket, which resulted in an increase in mortgage lending and an overall increase in credit. The use of derivatives played a crucial role in the crisis. Derivatives are financial instruments that allow investors to gamble on future events or to hedge risks by betting against them.
The use of derivatives such as credit default swaps (CDSs) by banks contributed to the spread of the crisis. CDSs, for example, were used to hedge against the risk of default of subprime mortgages, but when too many people defaulted, the CDSs failed, causing major losses for investors. The derivatives market has not completely disappeared, however. The market has developed new risk-management tools that help in hedging and risk management. They can also be used to avoid regulatory burdens and to take on greater financial risks by certain corporations and investors.
Therefore, the use of derivatives can be beneficial for hedging and risk management but requires careful regulation and monitoring to avoid excessive risk-taking that can result in another financial crisis.
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What is the most important symbol in the Hawthorne: The
Ambitious Guest Study? Does this cause you to rethink your position
about Hawthorne 's main theme?
The most important symbol in Hawthorne's "The Ambitious Guest" study is the mountain, which symbolizes the individual's aspirations and the power of nature.
The mountain's symbolism causes the reader to rethink Hawthorne's main theme of man's powerlessness in the face of nature and the environment's influence on human behavior. Hawthorne emphasizes the mountain's significance in this tale by setting the story in the shadow of the White Mountains, where the mountain serves as both a beautiful backdrop and a cautionary warning to humans who believe they can conquer nature. The individual's aspirations and the power of nature are represented by the mountain, which dominates the landscape and serves as a reminder of humanity's insignificance in the grand scheme of things.
Hawthorne used symbolism in his works to convey deeper meanings to his readers, and the mountain in "The Ambitious Guest" is no exception. It represents the reader's ambitions, hopes, and dreams, which, like the mountain, may seem lofty and unattainable, but are still worth striving for. The power of nature, on the other hand, serves as a reminder that humans are insignificant compared to the forces of the natural world, and that we must respect and live in harmony with nature.
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Aggregate labour hours, L, are given by L = 51*(1-t), where 't' is the rate of income tax. The real wage rate is fixed and equal to 1. At what tax rate is tax revenue maximised?
State your answer to 2 decimal places.
Let T be tax revenue. We can find the tax revenue as follows:Given:L = 51 * (1 - t) [Aggregate labour hours.
where t is the rate of income tax]real wage rate = 1Now,Total wage bill = (real wage rate)*(Aggregate labour hours)Lets substitute the value of real wage rate and Aggregate labour hours into the above expression;Total wage bill = 1*51*(1-t)Total wage bill = 51 - 51*t = 51(1-t) [Equation 1]Now, Tax revenue, T = Total wage bill*tT = 51t - 51t^2 [Equation 2]We need to maximize tax revenue, T.So, we need to find the value of t that maximizes T.Taking the first derivative of T with respect to t and equating it to zero, we can find the optimal value of t.dT/dt = 51 - 102t = 0t = 51/102t = 0.5Now, t = 0.5 maximizes tax revenue.Substituting the value of t in equation 2,T = 51(0.5) - 51(0.5)^2T = 12.75Tax revenue is maximized at a tax rate of 0.5 and the maximum tax revenue is 12.75.
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The real wage rate is fixed and equal to 1. We are required to determine the tax rate at which tax revenue is maximized, here is an explanation to this problem.
Aggregate labor hours, L, are given by
L = 51×(1-t), where 't' is the rate of income tax.
In this case, the government receives tax revenue by imposing taxes on workers. The more the number of hours worked, the higher the tax revenue. However, workers are discouraged from working long hours due to high-income taxes. In other words, as taxes are raised, the incentive to work reduces, and hence, labour hours reduce. If we consider the above function, it becomes clear that as the rate of tax increases, labour hours decrease. This is known as the substitution effect. On the other hand, when the tax rate is high, the worker has to work for long hours to earn enough money to meet his expenses. This is known as the income effect. Now, let's consider the tax revenue. Tax revenue is calculated as the product of the tax rate and the number of hours worked (L).
This is given by T = t × L.
We can substitute L = 51×(1-t) in the above equation to get
T = t × (51-51t).
The tax revenue is thus maximized at the point where the derivative of T with respect to t is equal to zero.
Differentiating with respect to t, we obtain the following:
dT/dt = 51 - 102t = 0
t = 0.50.
This implies that the tax rate at which tax revenue is maximized is 0.50.
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If a company's fixed costs have increased, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The margin of safety will decrease. b. The break-even point will remain the same. c. The break-even point will decrease. d. The contribution margin ratio will remain the same.
If a company's fixed costs have increased, the correct statement is c. The break-even point will decrease.
When fixed costs increase, the break-even point, which represents the level of sales needed to cover all costs, will decrease. This is because the higher fixed costs need to be covered by a smaller amount of contribution margin (revenue minus variable costs) to reach the break-even point. Essentially, the company needs to generate less revenue to cover the additional fixed costs.
The margin of safety (a) represents the excess of actual sales over the break-even point and is not directly affected by changes in fixed costs. The break-even point (b) will decrease due to the increased fixed costs. The contribution margin ratio (d) can be affected by changes in variable costs or sales prices but is not directly influenced by changes in fixed costs.
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)Linda decided to borrow $350,000 from a bank to buy her dream house. She approached Prosperity Bank and they offered Linda the following mortage package: interest rate of 2.45 % per year, weekly repayment, for 30 years.
Required:
a)Calculating the amount of weekly repayment Linda needs to make for the mortgage.
Ans:
b)Linda is considering two investment offers for saving up money to pay off her mortage in 10 years. Investment A offers the rate of return of 9.95% per year, compounding daily. Investment B offers the rate of return of 10% per year, compounding quarterly. Help Linda choose the better investment by calculating Effective Annual Interest Rate ans:(EAR).
Ans:
Therefore, Investment B offers a better Effective Annual Interest Rate (EAR) of 10.381% than Investment A, which offers an EAR of 10.252%.
Calculation of the amount of weekly repayment Linda needs to make for the mortgage.
To calculate the amount of weekly repayment, we have to use the formula:
`EMI = P × r × (1 + r)n / ((1 + r)n - 1)`
where P is the principal amount,
r is the rate of interest, and
n is the number of payments to be made
Here, P = $350,000,
r = 2.45% / 100 / 52 = 0.0004711538 (weekly rate)and
n = 30 years × 52 weeks per year = 1560 weeks.
EMI = $350,000 × 0.0004711538 × (1 + 0.0004711538)1560 / ((1 + 0.0004711538)1560 - 1)
= $350,000 × 0.0004711538 × 5.0822 / 4.0822
= $651.31
Therefore, the amount of weekly repayment Linda needs to make for the mortgage is $651.31
Calculation of Effective Annual Interest Rate (EAR) for Investment A and Investment B
We know that the formula for
Effective Annual Interest Rate (EAR) is given by: `EAR = (1 + r / n)n - 1`where r is the nominal interest rate, and n is the number of compounding periods per year.
Here, for Investment A, r = 9.95% / 100 = 0.0995 and
n = 365 (since compounding is done daily).
EAR for Investment A is `EAR = (1 + 0.0995 / 365)365 - 1 ≈ 10.252%`For Investment B,
r = 10% / 100 = 0.1 and n = 4 (since compounding is done quarterly).
EAR for Investment B is `EAR = (1 + 0.1 / 4)4 - 1 ≈ 10.381%`
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What are the basic principles for successful organizational
change?
Organizational change is inevitable in today's dynamic business environment.
The following are the basic principles for successful organizational change:-
Define the Objectives and Scope Change: It begins with the identification of the objectives and scope of the organization's needs. You must first determine what is motivating you to change, whether it is a competitive advantage, a change in customer requirements, or a desire to enhance productivity and performance.Identify Key Stakeholders: To ensure successful organizational change, identify key stakeholders who will be affected by the change. It is important to identify the people who will be impacted by the changes and to explain the benefits and the consequences of the change.Communicate Changes: Clearly Communication is a vital element of change management. Informing the stakeholders about the change helps in reducing the resistance. When employees know what is expected of them, they are more likely to support the change process.Employ a Structured Approach: In addition to assigning a project team to manage the organizational change, consider utilizing a structured approach that identifies who is responsible for implementing specific changes, defining timelines and deadlines, and tracking progress.Using Change Management Tools: Ensure that you have access to the appropriate change management tools and resources to help you effectively manage the process. In order to ensure that everyone is on the same page, it is important to have a system in place that allows you to track and manage the progress of your organizational change plans.Collaborate: Collaboration among teams, departments, and stakeholders is essential for successful organizational change. Effective collaboration can help eliminate barriers, improve communication and coordination, and improve the overall performance of the organization.Train and Develop People: To ensure successful organizational change, it is important to provide training and development opportunities to employees to develop new skills and improve existing ones. This not only helps them adapt to the new changes, but it also prepares them for future changes and makes the organization more resilient as a whole.To learn more about "Organizational Change" visit: https://brainly.com/question/845364
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What is Sarah's total income if she has the following sources of income: $4340 from her job, $744 in interest from investments, and $1240 bonus? $4340.
$5084. $5580. $6324.
Sarah's total income is $6324. The correct answer is option d.
Sarah's total income is calculated by adding together her income from her job, interest from investments, and bonus. Her income from the job is $4340, the interest from investments amounts to $744, and she receives a bonus of $1240. To find her total income, we add these amounts together:
Total income = $4340 + $744 + $1240 = $6324.
Therefore, Sarah's total income is $6324. This sum reflects the combined earnings from her job, the interest earned from investments, and the bonus received.
The correct answer is option d.
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Complete question
What is Sarah's total income if she has the following sources of income: $4340 from her job, $744 in interest from investments, and $1240 bonus?
a. $4340.
b. $5084.
c. $5580.
d. $6324
Audit committee members of issuers are required, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to maintain which of the following traits? O Integrity O Diligence O Independence O Proficiency
Audit committee members of issuers are required, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to maintain Independence. Option C is correct.
However, it is important to note that members of an audit committee of an issuer are required to maintain independence. Independence is a necessary trait for members of the audit committee of issuers because it will allow them to work without bias and without any undue pressure from the issuers. In other words, independence is essential to ensure that the audit committee can carry out its work without any interference from the issuer, which could influence the report.
As a result, independence helps to ensure that audit reports are accurate, objective, and free from bias. Hence, the correct option C, Independence.
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an auditor is reviewing the minutes of board meetings to determine whether any securities are pledged as collateral. this test of the detail of balances relates to the audit objective of
The auditor's review of board meeting minutes to determine whether any securities are pledged as collateral relates to the audit objective of "existence."
There are several audit objectives that an auditor must keep in mind while performing audit procedures. These audit objectives aid in ensuring that an audit is conducted properly, and that the financial statements are free from material misstatements.An auditor's examination of board meeting minutes to see if any securities are pledged as collateral relates to the audit objective of "existence." An auditor may use a variety of audit procedures to determine whether collateral exists and is properly recorded. The objective of the existence test of detail of balances is to establish whether the components of an account balance or class of transactions exist, and that they have occurred and pertain to the audited entity.Learn more about the audit objective:
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Which term, organization, or acronym bests represents the way that small island nations are integrated into the global economy? a Alliance of Small Island States b Pacific Islands Forum c APEC d subsistence affluence
e MIRAB
The term which best represents the way that small island nations are integrated into the global economy is (a) Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) .
AOSIS (Alliance of Small Island States) is the term which best represents the way that small island nations are integrated into the global economy. AOSIS is an intergovernmental organisation formed in 1990.
This organisation consists of 44 member states and observers from all over the world. Its primary focus is to address global issues that affect small island developing states (SIDS), including climate change, sustainable development, and environmental challenges.
AOSIS seeks to promote sustainable development, protect the environment, and ensure the well-being of its members by advocating for policies that benefit small island developing states (SIDS).
Small island nations, which are often isolated from global markets and vulnerable to natural disasters, require special attention in order to integrate into the global economy.
In addition, because of their unique geography, small island nations are affected more significantly by global issues such as climate change than other nations.
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The current dividend yield on preferred shares:
a. Decreases when interest rates in general increases.
b. Increases when interest rates in general increases.
c. Is fixed and related to the interest rate environment in the economy.
The current dividend yield on preferred shares "Is fixed and related to the interest rate environment in the economy". So option c is the correct answer.
Preferred shares have a predetermined dividend rate expressed as a percentage of the share's par value. This dividend rate remains constant regardless of changes in interest rates.
Unlike common shares, which may experience changes in dividend payments based on the company's financial performance, preferred shares typically offer a fixed dividend payment.
This fixed dividend yield makes preferred shares more similar to fixed-income securities like bonds. Investors who seek stable income flows often invest in preferred shares due to their predictable dividend payments.
However, it's important to note that changes in the market price of preferred shares can impact the yield an investor receives if they purchase the shares at a price different from the par value.
So the correct answer is option c.
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Discuss in Writing How would you manage and support an
employee with disabilities in the
workplace?
NOTE – Minimum 3 paragraphs required for responses.
In managing and supporting an employee with disabilities in the workplace, it is essential to prioritize inclusivity and provide reasonable accommodations.
This includes fostering an open and supportive environment, engaging in effective communication, and ensuring equal opportunities for growth and development.
Creating an inclusive workplace begins with raising awareness and promoting understanding among all employees. It is crucial to educate the workforce about different types of disabilities, debunking stereotypes, and encouraging empathy and acceptance. By doing so, you can cultivate a culture of respect and inclusivity that extends to all employees.
Open communication is key when managing an employee with disabilities. It is important to engage in a dialogue with the employee to understand their needs, preferences, and any reasonable accommodations they may require. Regular check-ins can help assess their well-being, job satisfaction, and any challenges they may face. By actively listening and being responsive to their concerns, you can ensure their needs are met and provide necessary support.
Furthermore, equal opportunities for growth and development should be extended to all employees, including those with disabilities. This can involve providing appropriate training, mentorship programs, and career advancement opportunities. By offering these resources, you empower employees with disabilities to reach their full potential, contribute meaningfully to the organization, and enhance their overall job satisfaction.
In summary, managing and supporting an employee with disabilities in the workplace involves creating an inclusive environment, fostering open communication, and ensuring equal opportunities for growth. By prioritizing these aspects, employers can cultivate a workplace that embraces diversity and empowers all employees to thrive.
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The following are 11 audit procedures taken from an audit program:
1. Foot the accounts payable trial balance and compare the total with the general ledger.
2. Examine vendors' invoices to verify the ending balance in accounts payable.
3. Compare the balance in payroll tax expense with previous years. The comparison takes the increase in payroll tax rates into account.
4. Examine the internal auditor's initials on monthly bank reconciliations as an indication of whether they have been reviewed.
5. Examine vendors' invoices and other documentation in support of recorded transactions in the acquisitions journal.
6. Multiply the commission rate by total sales and compare the result with commission expense.
7. Examine vendors' invoices and other supporting documents to determine whether large amounts in the repair and maintenance account should be capitalized.
8. Discuss the duties of the cash disbursements clerk with him and observe whether he has responsibility for handling cash or preparing the bank reconciliation.
9. Confirm accounts payable balances directly with vendors.
10. Account for a sequence of checks in the cash disbursements journal to determine whether any have been omitted.
11. Inquire amount the accounts payable supervisor's monthly review of a computer-generated exception report of receiving reports and purchase orders that have not been matched with a vendor invoice.
Identify the type of evidence for each procedure.
The audit procedures mentioned above utilize various types of evidence, including documentary evidence (invoices, bank reconciliations, supporting documents), analytical evidence (comparisons, calculations), testimonial evidence (interviews, discussions), and observational evidence (observation of duties/responsibilities).
1.Foot the accounts payable trial balance and compare the total with the general ledger: It provides documentary evidence by verifying the accuracy of the accounts payable trial balance and its alignment with the general ledger.
2.Examine vendors' invoices to verify the ending balance in accounts payable: It provides external evidence in the form of original documents that substantiate the recorded ending balance in the accounts payable ledger.
3.Compare the balance in payroll tax expense with previous years: This procedure involves comparing financial data from different periods. It provides analytical evidence by assessing the change in payroll tax expense.
4.Examine the internal auditor's initials on monthly bank reconciliations: It provides documentary evidence by verifying the presence of the internal auditor's initials as an indication of the review performed on bank reconciliations.
5. Examine vendors' invoices and other documentation in support of recorded transactions in the acquisitions journal: It provides documentary evidence by validating the authenticity and accuracy of recorded acquisitions through examination of invoices and other relevant documentation.
6.Multiply the commission rate by total sales and compare the result with commission expense: It provides analytical evidence by evaluating the reasonableness and accuracy of commission expenses based on the calculated amount derived from multiplying the commission rate with total sales.
7. Examine vendors' invoices and other supporting documents for large amounts in the repair and maintenance account: It provides documentary evidence by determining whether large expenses categorized as repair and maintenance should be capitalized based on the nature of the expenses.
8. Discuss the duties of the cash disbursements clerk and observe their responsibilities: It provides testimonial and observational evidence by gathering information directly from the cash disbursements clerk about their duties and responsibilities.
9. Confirm accounts payable balances directly with vendors:It provides external evidence in the form of confirmations from third parties to verify the accuracy of accounts payable balances.
10.Account for a sequence of checks in the cash disbursements journal: It provides documentary evidence by ensuring that all checks issued are recorded and accounted for in the cash disbursements journal.
11. Inquire about the accounts payable supervisor's monthly review of a computer-generated exception report: It provides testimonial evidence by obtaining confirmation from relevant personnel regarding the accounts payable supervisor's review of exception reports related to receiving reports and purchase orders.
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What do you mean by 'Information Rent' in contract design? If agents are boundedly self-interested (i.e., they have social preferences), instead of self- interested, what would happen to the volume of information rent and why? Explain with an example. [Word limit 500]
Information Rent is the payment that an agent receives for having private information. This payment is necessary to induce the agent to reveal their information, as the agent would otherwise have an incentive to keep it to themselves.
In contract design, information rent is often used to address the problem of asymmetric information. Asymmetric information occurs when one party to a contract has more information than the other party. This can lead to problems, as the party with more information may be able to take advantage of the party with less information. Information rent can be used to address asymmetric information by compensating the party with less information for revealing their information. This can help to ensure that both parties to the contract have the same information, which can lead to a more efficient outcome.
If agents are boundedly self-interested, instead of self-interested, the volume of information rent would likely decrease. This is because boundedly self-interested agents are more likely to consider the interests of others, even if it means sacrificing some of their own self-interest.
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there are three fundamental characteristics of human development, according to your authors. which of the following is not one of them?
The answer is none of the above since all of the options are fundamental characteristics of human development.
According to your authors, there are three fundamental characteristics of human development.
The three fundamental characteristics of human development according to the authors include multidirectional, plastic, and lifelong. Lifelong development is an essential aspect of human development. It implies that development is not limited to a specific age, but it is continuous throughout one's life.
The concept of lifelong development focuses on the importance of continued growth and learning throughout the lifespan.
Human development is not limited to childhood and adolescence, but it continues throughout adulthood and old age.
Therefore, the answer is none of the above since all are fundamental characteristics of human development.
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Star Ltd. received a cheque for $30,000 on July 1, 2021 which represents a 3-month advance payment of rent (July to September) on a building it rents to a client. Deferred Rent Revenue was credited for the full $30,000. Financial statements are prepared monthly. Star Ltd. should make the following adjusting entry on July 31: Question 2 options: a) Debit Deferred Rent Revenue $10,000 and credit Rent Revenue $10,000. b) Debit Deferred Rent Revenue $30,000 and credit Rent Revenue $30,000. c) Debit Rent Revenue $5,000 and credit Deferred Rent Revenue, $5,000. d) Debit Deferred Rent Revenue $5,000 and credit Rent Revenue $5,000. e) Debit Rent Revenue $30,000 and credit Deferred Rent Revenue $30,000.
The adjusting entry that Star Ltd. should make on July 31 is option c) Debit Rent Revenue $5,000 and credit Deferred Rent Revenue $5,000.
The initial entry of crediting Deferred Rent Revenue for the full $30,000 on July 1 represented the advance payment received for the three-month rent period from July to September. As of July 31, one month of the rent period has already elapsed.
To recognize the portion of rent revenue earned for the month of July, an adjusting entry is required. The adjusting entry should debit Rent Revenue for the amount earned during July and credit Deferred Rent Revenue by the same amount.
Since the rent payment represents a 3-month advance and only one month has passed, 1/3 of the total payment is recognized as revenue for July. Therefore, the adjusting entry should debit Rent Revenue for $5,000 (1/3 of $30,000) and credit Deferred Rent Revenue for the same amount.
This adjustment accurately reflects the revenue earned during the reporting period and ensures that the financial statements reflect the correct income for July.
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You work in XYZ Company that specializing in fast moving consumer goods, operating in two fully functioning branches in the United Arab Emirates. To maintain its market share, the company heavily invests in advertising and employee training. The company also follows a performance based compensation policy, whereby sales staff exceeding their targets receive significant monetary and non-monetary benefits. However, because of rising competition, the firm is struggling to maintain its current market share and profit margin, in the recent board meeting, your manager discussed these challenges with the shareholders and announced that she is considering closing one of the branches and cutting down advertising expenditure. Several of the stakeholders disagreed, stating that reducing advertising expenditure would further deteriorate sales, and the company should instead reduce employee benefits. After hours of discussion, there was still no consensus on the factors essential for maintaining the sales levels. There was also a disagreement on which branch should be closed. Your supervisor has asked you to conduct a systematic study so that an informed decision can be made. Reacted on this situation, you formed a research team and decided to sample every level of employees in this company and the sample size is 211 employees. Requirement: a. Identify the possible variables [independent dependent mediating moderating] and formulate the research hypothesis of this case. b. Explain the business research process if the above problem to be investigated. c. Propose the research design of this study. d. Determine the appropriate sample technique and type for this case and justify your answer.
a. Possible variables and research hypothesis: Independent Variable: Advertising and employee benefits Dependent Variable: Sales levelsMediating Variable: NoneModerating Variable: CompetitionResearch Hypothesis: Increasing advertising expenditure and employee benefits will increase sales levels.
b. The business research process can be divided into six steps as follows: Identifying the research problem: Define and clarify the research problem Developing the research plan: The researcher should develop a comprehensive research plan that includes sampling, measuring, and data collection. Collecting data: The data will be collected through surveys, interviews, and observations. Analyzing data: Data analysis is carried out using statistical software to identify patterns and relationships in the data. Reporting the findings: The researcher should prepare a report that summarizes the research findings and provides conclusions. Applying the findings: The researcher should suggest possible actions to solve the problem.c. Research design: The most appropriate research design for this case is a survey research design. The survey research design involves collecting data through a questionnaire from a large number of respondents. In this case, the survey will be administered to all 211 employees of the company to collect information on their views on advertising and employee benefits. This design is suitable as it will provide a lot of information in a short amount of time, and will also be easy to analyze.d. Sample technique and type: The most appropriate sampling technique for this study is probability sampling. Probability sampling ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, and this makes the sample more representative of the population. The most appropriate type of probability sampling for this study is stratified random sampling. This will ensure that the sample is representative of every level of employees in the company.
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Explain the functions of double tax conventions.
Double Taxation Agreement (DTA) is an agreement between two different countries for the avoidance of double taxation of the same income.The primary purpose of double taxation agreements is to enable the cross-border movement of capital, trade, and services by reducing or eliminating the tax impact of international transactions.
International tax rules have become more complex due to globalization and the increase in cross-border transactions. Double taxation of the same income by two countries can arise in such situations, and this may have an adverse impact on economic activity. Double taxation agreements play an essential role in addressing this issue, by allowing cross-border transactions to be conducted in a tax-efficient manner. Double taxation agreements establish rules for the allocation of taxing rights between countries. The taxation of cross-border transactions is determined by the rules established in the double taxation agreement. For instance, the agreement may allocate the taxing rights for business profits to the country in which the business is located. Alternatively, it may allocate the taxing rights to the country in which the business has a permanent establishment.
Double taxation agreements are essential tools for promoting investment and trade by reducing the tax impact of cross-border transactions. The agreement eliminates or alleviates double taxation, ensures the allocation of taxing rights between countries, and provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between countries. The agreement is an essential instrument for ensuring that taxpayers are not taxed twice on the same income and for enhancing economic activity.
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Legislation enacted by Congress to protect the airlines from destructive competition and promote safety and popular acceptance of air travel was the:
Air Commerce Act of 1926
Airline Deregulation Act of 1978
Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938
Federal Aviation Act of 1958
The correct answer is the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938. Legislation enacted by Congress to protect the airlines from destructive competition and promote safety and popular acceptance of air travel was the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938.
The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 created a regulatory body called the Civil Aeronautics Authority to oversee and regulate air commerce in the United States. It was the first federal agency tasked with regulate and promote civil aviation. The CAA's responsibilities included issuing and enforcing safety standards, regulating air traffic, and promoting air travel.
It was also responsible for certifying and regulating airlines, pilots, and aircraft maintenance facilities. The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 was a significant step forward in the development of air transportation in the United States. It paved the way for the creation of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 1958, which took over many of the CAA's regulatory functions.
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Consider the following LP problem: Maximize profit = $5X + $6Y Subject to: 2X +34 < 240 2X+Y5120 X, Y>0 Answer the following questions: a- Use the simultaneous equations method to find the quantities of optimal point (x, y) from the above constraints. (No graph is needed) b- What is the slack for constraint (1)? And explain the term slack
The optimal point (x, y) is (30, 60).
The LHS of the constraint equals the RHS, so the slack for constraint (1) is 0.
a) To find the optimal point (x, y) using the simultaneous equations method, we need to solve the two constraints simultaneously:
2X + 3Y < 240
2X + Y < 120
First, we can rewrite the second constraint as:
Y < 120 - 2X
Now we can set up the system of equations:
2X + 3Y = 240
Y = 120 - 2X
To solve the system, we can substitute the value of Y from the second equation into the first equation:
2X + 3(120 - 2X) = 240
Simplifying the equation:
2X + 360 - 6X = 240
-4X = -120
X = 30
Substituting the value of X back into the second equation to find Y:
Y = 120 - 2(30)
Y = 120 - 60
Y = 60
Therefore, the optimal point (x, y) is (30, 60).
b) The slack for constraint (1) can be calculated by subtracting the left-hand side (LHS) of the constraint from the right-hand side (RHS). In this case, the constraint is:
2X + 3Y < 240
Substituting the values of x = 30 and y = 60 into the constraint:
2(30) + 3(60) = 60 + 180 = 240
The LHS of the constraint equals the RHS, so the slack for constraint (1) is 0.
The term "slack" refers to the amount by which the left-hand side of a constraint can be increased before it reaches the right-hand side. A slack of 0 indicates that the constraint is satisfied exactly. If the slack is positive, it means there is unused capacity, and if the slack is negative, it means the constraint is binding and needs to be satisfied precisely.
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Sandpiper Company has 30,000 shares of cumulative preferred 2%
stock, $150 par and 50,000 shares of $30 par common stock. The
following amounts were distributed as dividends: 20Y1 $135,000 20Y2
36,000
The dividends for cumulative preferred 2% stock and common stock for the Sandpiper Company are:$90,000 and $45,000 for the year 2021 and $90,000 and $0 for the year 2022.
Here is the calculation for the dividends for cumulative preferred 2% stock and common stock for the Sandpiper Company: The dividends for cumulative preferred 2% stock: 2% of $150 = $3 per share
Annual dividend = $3 x 30,000
shares = $90,000
For the year 2021: Amount of dividends distributed = $135,000
Dividends distributed to cumulative preferred 2% stock = $90,000
Dividends distributed to common stock = $135,000 - $90,000 = $45,000
For the year 2022:
Amount of dividends distributed = $36,000
Dividends distributed to cumulative preferred 2% stock = $90,000 (since the preferred stock is cumulative and was not paid out in full in the previous year, the company owes the remaining amount of $90,000)
Dividends distributed to common stock = $0 (since the dividends for the preferred stock were not paid out in full, the common stockholders do not receive any dividends)
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Scotland Corporation had net income for 2024 of $74,000. Scotland had 15,000 shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of the year and 21,000 shares of common stock outstanding at the end of the year. There were 11,000 shares of preferred stock outstanding all year. During 2024, Scotland declared and paid preferred dividends of $21,000. What is Scotland's earnings per share? (Round the answer to two decimal places.) OA. $2.52 ⠀⠀ O B. $2.94 C. $4.11 O D. $3.52
Scotland Corporation's earnings per share for 2024 is $2.94To calculate the earnings per share (EPS), we need to determine the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
Step 1: Calculate the weighted average number of common shares:
Weighted average shares = [(Number of shares at the beginning of the year × Number of months) + (Number of shares at the end of the year × Number of months)] / 12
= [(15,000 × 12) + (21,000 × 12)] / 12
= (180,000 + 252,000) / 12
= 432,000 / 12
= 36,000
Step 2: Calculate earnings per share:
EPS = Net income - Preferred dividends / Weighted average number of common shares
= ($74,000 - $21,000) / 36,000
= $53,000 / 36,000
≈ $2.94
Therefore, Scotland Corporation's earnings per share for 2024 is approximately $2.94.
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Identify the inventory costing method best described by each of the following separate statements. Assume a period of increasing costs 1. Precisely matches the costs of items with the revenues they generate 2. Assigns the highest amount to cost of goods sold. 3 Yields the highest net income. 4. Tends to smooth out the erratic changes in costs. 5. Inventory on the balance sheet approximates its current cost. Specific identification LIFO FIFO Weighted average FIFO
Precisely matches the costs of items with the revenues they generate: Specific identification. Assigns the highest amount to the cost of goods sold: LIFO. Yields the highest net income: FIFO. Tends to smooth out the erratic changes in costs: Weighted Average. Inventory on the balance sheet approximates its current cost: FIFO.
Precisely matches the costs of items with the revenues they generate: Specific identification method. This method assigns the actual cost of each specific item to its corresponding revenue, resulting in a precise matching of costs and revenues.Assigns the highest amount to the cost of goods sold: LIFO method. LIFO assumes that the most recently acquired inventory is sold first, resulting in the highest cost being assigned to the cost of goods sold.Yields the highest net income: FIFO (First In, First Out) method. FIFO assumes that the earliest acquired inventory is sold first, resulting in lower costs being assigned to the cost of goods sold and higher ending inventory values, which leads to higher net income.Tends to smooth out the erratic changes in costs: Weighted average method. The weighted average method calculates the average cost of inventory by dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the total quantity of goods available, thus averaging out the costs and reducing the impact of erratic cost changes.Inventory on the balance sheet approximates its current cost: FIFO (First In, First Out) method. FIFO assumes that the earliest acquired inventory is still in stock, resulting in the inventory on the balance sheet reflecting the more recent, and therefore closer to current, costs.Learn more about the Balance sheet: https://brainly.com/question/1113933
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Which of the following options might be an opportunity? a-Hight inflation rate b-bad economics conditions c-price drop by manufacture d-international disruption
Among the given options, a price drop by the manufacturer could be seen as an opportunity. High inflation rate, bad economic conditions, and international disruption are more likely to be considered challenges or risks rather than opportunities.
Among the provided options, a price drop by the manufacturer can be seen as an opportunity for various reasons. A price drop can stimulate demand and attract more customers, leading to increased sales and market share. It can also create a competitive advantage by offering more affordable products compared to competitors. This opportunity can result in increased customer satisfaction and loyalty, as well as potential expansion into new markets or customer segments.
On the other hand, a high inflation rate and bad economic conditions are typically considered challenges or risks. High inflation can erode purchasing power, increase costs for businesses, and negatively impact consumer confidence and spending. Bad economic conditions, such as recessions or downturns, can lead to reduced demand, lower sales, and financial difficulties for businesses.International disruptions, such as political instability, trade disputes, or supply chain disruptions, can also pose challenges for businesses. These disruptions can result in increased costs, limited market access, and uncertainties in the global market.
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Career Goal
a) Specific strategy (list below):
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
a) Specific strategy for career goal: 1) Professional Development: Continuously invest in your professional development by attending relevant workshops, conferences, and training programs.
2) Networking and Relationship Building: Build a strong professional network by attending industry events, joining professional associations, and connecting with professionals in your field. Actively engage in networking activities and maintain relationships with colleagues, mentors, and industry leaders. Networking can lead to job opportunities, collaborations, and valuable insights.
3) Set Clear Career Goals: Define clear and achievable career goals. Identify the specific roles or positions you aspire to and the timeline you want to achieve them in. Break down your goals into actionable steps and milestones. Regularly assess your progress and make necessary adjustments to stay on track.
4) Personal Branding: Establish a strong personal brand that showcases your expertise and unique value proposition. Build an online presence through a professional website, blog, or social media profiles. Share industry-related content, contribute to discussions, and position yourself as a thought leader in your field.
5) Seek Mentorship and Guidance: Find experienced professionals who can serve as mentors and provide guidance throughout your career journey. Seek their advice on career decisions, skill development, and overcoming challenges. Learn from their experiences and leverage their insights to accelerate your career growth.
Remember that your career strategy should be tailored to your specific goals, industry, and individual strengths. Continuously evaluate and adapt your strategy as you progress in your career. Stay proactive, seek opportunities for growth, and be willing to step out of your comfort zone to achieve your career goals.
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Heading into mid-2020, Netflix was demonstrating significant competitive muscle in attracting millions of new subscribers across the world to its service for streamed internet content, despite the entry of formidable new competitors. Then in the first six months of 2020, spurred by widespread business closures and shelter-in-place orders mandated by governments to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic that greatly increased the time many families spent at home, Netflix added a record number of new paid subscribers. To counter the now-stronger competition from an assortment of new streamed entertainment providers, Netflix was continuing to increase its releases of new original content and strengthen its marketing efforts to grow its user base in high-opportunity country markets.
How strong are the competitive forces in the rapidly evolving global market for streamed video content?
What is Netflix’s strategy? What type of competitive advantage is Netflix trying to achieve?
Thinking about global strategy and competition, what recommendations would you make to Netflix management?
The competitive forces in the global market for streamed video content are strong and rapidly evolving. Netflix has demonstrated its competitive muscle by attracting millions of new subscribers and maintaining its position as a leading provider of streamed internet content.
Despite the entry of formidable new competitors, Netflix has managed to continue growing its user base by adding a record number of new paid subscribers, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic when more people were spending time at home.
Netflix's strategy revolves around increasing its releases of new original content and strengthening its marketing efforts. By continually expanding its library of exclusive and high-quality content.Netflix aims to differentiate itself from its competitors and attract and retain subscribers. The company also focuses on growing its user base in high-opportunity country markets to capitalize on global demand for streamed video content.In terms of recommendations, Netflix management should continue investing in original content production and maintaining a diverse and engaging content library. It is crucial for Netflix to stay ahead of the competition by offering unique and compelling content that caters to the preferences and interests of its target audience. Additionally, the company should prioritize user experience and innovation in streaming technology to ensure a seamless and satisfying viewing experience for its subscribers.Expanding partnerships and collaborations with international content creators and distributors can also help Netflix tap into new markets and strengthen its global presence.
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