Answer:
i.) The economic order quantity is 283 lamps.
ii.) The maximum level of stock is 283 + 100 = 383 lamps.
iii.) The minimum level of stock is 283 - 100 = 183 lamps.
iv.) The re-order level of stock is 400-600 + 100 = 500-700 lamps.
v.) If the order quantity is too small, the ordering costs will be high. If the order quantity is too large, the holding costs will be high.
Explanation:
(i) Economic order quantity (EOQ) is the order quantity that minimizes the total holding costs and ordering costs in inventory management. It is one of the oldest classical production scheduling models.
The formula for EOQ is:
EOQ= 2DC/H
where:
D = Annual demand in units
C = Ordering cost per order
H = Holding cost per unit per year
In this case, the annual demand is 2,000 lamps, the ordering cost is $200 per order, and the holding cost is 20% per annum. The cost of each lamp is $1,000.
EOQ=2*2000*200 /0.2 *1000
EOQ=80,000
Therefore, the economic order quantity is 283 lamps.
ii) The maximum level of stock is the highest level of inventory that a company should hold. It is calculated as follows:
Maximum level of stock= EOQ+ Safety stock
The safety stock is the amount of inventory that a company holds to protect against unexpected demand or supply disruptions. In this case, the safety stock is 100 lamps.
Therefore, the maximum level of stock is 283 + 100 = 383 lamps.
(iii) The minimum level of stock is the lowest level of inventory that a company should hold. It is calculated as follows:
Minimum level of stock= EOQ− Safety stock
Therefore, the minimum level of stock is 283 - 100 = 183 lamps.
(iv) The re-order level of stock is the level of inventory at which a company should place an order for more inventory. It is calculated as follows:
Re−order level of stock=Lead time demand+Safety stock
The lead time demand is the amount of inventory that a company will use during the lead time. In this case, the lead time is 4-6 weeks. The average weekly demand is 100 lamps, so the lead time demand is 400-600 lamps.
Therefore, the re-order level of stock is 400-600 + 100 = 500-700 lamps.
(v) The trade-offs in costs that are involved in computing the Economic Order Quantity are the ordering costs and the holding costs. The ordering costs are the costs associated with placing an order, such as the cost of the order form, the cost of shipping, and the cost of receiving the order. The holding costs are the costs associated with holding inventory, such as the cost of storage, the cost of insurance, and the cost of obsolescence.
The EOQ formula minimizes the total of these two costs. If the order quantity is too small, the ordering costs will be high. If the order quantity is too large, the holding costs will be high. The EOQ formula finds the order quantity that minimizes the total of these two costs.
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Question Completion Status: What is an externality? Provide two examples each of positive and negative externalities. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIVS Paragraph Arial V 10
An externality is an economic concept that refers to the impact that a business or economic activity has on third parties who aren't directly involved in the activity.
An externality can either be positive or negative depending on its impact on third parties. Positive externalities occur when the production or consumption of a good or service benefits third parties, while negative externalities occur when the production or consumption of a good or service harms third parties.
Examples of positive externalities:
Vaccination programs for a contagious disease: When a large number of people in a population get vaccinated against a disease, the spread of the disease slows down or even stops, which benefits those who are not vaccinated. Hence, the vaccination program generates a positive externality.
Education: Education provides a private benefit to the student, but it also generates a positive externality because an educated workforce benefits society as a whole.
Examples of negative externalities:
Pollution: When a factory discharges pollutants into the air or water, it causes harm to the environment and people living in the area. The factory is not bearing the full cost of its production because the cost of pollution is borne by third parties who are not directly involved in the production process.
Traffic congestion: Traffic congestion generates a negative externality because it causes delays for other drivers who are not responsible for the congestion.
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The risk-free rate is 7%. The expected market rate of return is 16%. If you expect a stock with a beta of 3 to offer a rate of return of 36%, you should
a. buy the stock because it is overpriced.
b. sell short the stock because it is overpriced.
c. sell the stock short because it is underpriced.
d. buy the stock because it is underpriced.
The risk-free rate is 7%. The expected market rate of return is 16%. If you expect a stock with a beta of 3 to offer a rate of return of 36%, you should buy the stock because it is underpriced. How to calculate the expected return of a stock?
The expected return of a stock is calculated by multiplying its beta with the difference of market risk premium and risk-free rate. Therefore, the expected return for the given stock is calculated as follows:Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × (Expected Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)Expected Return = 7% + 3 × (16% - 7%)Expected Return = 7% + 3 × 9%Expected Return = 34% .
Thus, the expected return of the stock is 34%.Now, let us compare the expected return with the given rate of return for the stock. If the expected return is greater than the given rate of return, the stock is overpriced. If the expected return is less than the given rate of return, the stock is underpriced.Given Rate of Return for the Stock = 36%Expected Return for the Stock = 34%Since the given rate of return for the stock is greater than the expected return, it means that the stock is underpriced and will offer a higher return than its expected return. Hence, the answer is option d. buy the stock because it is underpriced.
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Explain the concept of stages sales Funnel and develop it for
digital card transport
The concept of a sales funnel refers to the process that potential customers go through from the initial stage of becoming aware of a product or service to eventually making a purchase. It is called a "funnel"
When applied to the digital card transport industry, the stages of the sales funnel can be outlined as follows:
Awareness: At this stage, potential customers become aware of the concept of digital card transport. They may come across advertisements, articles, or social media posts that introduce them to the benefits and features of digital card transport. The goal is to generate interest and capture the attention of the target audience.
Interest: Once potential customers are aware of digital card transport, they may start researching more about it. They explore its functionalities, advantages, and potential providers in the market. Companies need to provide relevant and engaging content, such as informative blog posts, videos, or case studies, to nurture the interest of potential customers and position themselves as credible providers.
Evaluation: At this stage, potential customers have developed a strong interest in digital card transport and are actively comparing different providers or solutions. They may request demos, trial periods, or seek testimonials from existing users. It is crucial for companies to showcase their unique selling points, demonstrate the value of their offering, and address any concerns or objections potential customers may have.
Decision: Once potential customers have evaluated different options, they reach the decision-making stage. They weigh the benefits, pricing, customer support, and other factors to make their final choice. Companies must have a clear and persuasive sales pitch, offer competitive pricing, and provide a seamless onboarding process to convert potential customers into paying customers.
Conversion: This stage marks the successful conversion of potential customers into actual customers. They make a purchase or sign up for a digital card transport service. Companies need to ensure a smooth transition, provide excellent customer service, and offer ongoing support to maximize customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Retention and Advocacy: After the conversion, the focus shifts to retaining customers and turning them into advocates. Satisfied customers are more likely to recommend the digital card transport service to others, write positive reviews, or provide testimonials. Companies should prioritize customer success, address any issues promptly, and engage customers through personalized communication to foster long-term relationships.
The stages of the sales funnel for digital card transport are Awareness, Interest, Evaluation, Decision, Conversion, and Retention/Advocacy. By effectively guiding potential customers through each stage, companies can increase their chances of acquiring and retaining customers in the digital card transport industry
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Assume that Vaughn Inc. has a capital budget of $215,000. In addition, it has the following projects for evaluation. Determine which project(s) should be chosen, assuming kis 15 percent. (Round present value factor calculations to 5 decimal places, eg. 1.25124 and the final answers to 2 decimal places eg. 58,971.25.) Project Initial CF CF₁ CF₂ CF3 A -102,000 82,000 81,000 0 -73,500 51.000 62,000 72,000 -113,000 56,000 102,000 82,000 $ should be chosen, B C NPVAB NPVAC NPVBC $ S
We will calculate the present value of each project's cash flows and choose the one with the highest net present value (NPV).
Given Information:Capital Budget (CB) = $215,000Projects for evaluationInitial Cash Flow = CF0Cash Flow at the end of the year 1 = CF1Cash Flow at the end of the year 2 = CF2Cash Flow at the end of the year 3 = CF3Discount Rate (k) = 15%Projects A, B and C data are as follows:ProjectInitial CF CF₁ CF₂ CF3A -102,000 82,000 81,000 0B -73,500 51,000 62,000 72,000C -113,000 56,000 102,000 82,000Formula Used:PV = CF1 / (1+k)¹ + CF2 / (1+k)² + CF3 / (1+k)³ + ….. + CFn / (1+k)ⁿ
To determine which project(s) should be chosen, assuming kis 15 percent, we will calculate the present value of each project's cash flows and choose the one with the highest net present value (NPV).Calculation for Project A:PV of Project A = -102,000 + 82,000 / (1+15%)¹ + 81,000 / (1+15%)²NPVA = $12,201.56Calculation for Project B:PV of Project B = -73,500 + 51,000 / (1+15%)¹ + 62,000 / (1+15%)² + 72,000 / (1+15%)³NPVB = $58,688.74Calculation for Project C:PV of Project C = -113,000 + 56,000 / (1+15%)¹ + 102,000 / (1+15%)² + 82,000 / (1+15%)³NPVC = $3,039.73The project(s) that should be chosen are the one with the highest NPV, which is Project B. So, Project B should be chosen.
The present value of each project's cash flows is calculated to determine which project(s) should be chosen, assuming kis 15 percent. And the project(s) that should be chosen are the one with the highest NPV, which is Project B.
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Sama company has the following unadjusted account balances at December 31, 2021, Total Sales of $720,000, Accounts Receivable of $205.000 and the lowance was the total Account Receivable. The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a credit balance of $2,400, before the same was made Required:
The revised balances for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Accounts Receivable at the end of December 31, 2021, will be $10,250 and $197,150, respectively
Sama Company has the following unadjusted account balances at December 31, 2021, Total Sales of $720,000, Accounts Receivable of $205.000, and the allowance was the total Account Receivable.
The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts had a credit balance of $2,400 before the same was made. Determine the required adjustments to the accounts and the revised balances for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Accounts Receivable at the end of December 31, 2021.Requirement:
The allowance for doubtful accounts is 5% of the account receivable amount of $205,000, so the allowance for doubtful accounts will be $10,250.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is the amount of the account receivable that is expected to be uncollectible. In this situation, the allowance for doubtful accounts is currently at $2,400, which is less than the $10,250 necessary amount. As a result, the allowance for doubtful accounts will need to be increased by $7,850.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts after the adjustment will be $10,250, whereas Accounts Receivable after the adjustment will be $197,150.
Formula to calculate the revised balances of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Accounts Receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts = (Accounts Receivable) × (percentage of doubtful accounts)
Accounts Receivable = Total Sales - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Account Receivable = $720,000 - $10,250 = $709,750
The following is a breakdown of the adjustment:
Credit allowance for doubtful accounts for $5,450 (10,250-2,400).
Debit accounts receivable for $5,450 (which means a reduction in accounts receivable).
Hence, the revised balances for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Accounts Receivable at the end of December 31, 2021, will be $10,250 and $197,150, respectively, after the necessary adjustments have been made.
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XYZ convertible bonds are trading in the market for 88. XYZ is convertible into common stock at $20 the common stock is 10 percent below parity, what is the price of the common stock? 16.38 17.25 17.65 15.84 ^ Which of the following transactions require the filing of a Form 112 with FinCEN? O Cash deposit of $15,000 O All of the above O Check deposit of $30,000 O Credit card transactions of $20,000
From the given options, all of the above transactions require the filing of a Form 112 with FinCEN. Therefore, the correct answer is O All of the above.
Given that,XYZ convertible bonds are trading in the market for 88 and XYZ is convertible into common stock at $20 the common stock is 10 percent below parity. We need to calculate the price of the common stock.The market value of a convertible bond can be obtained by discounting the bond's cash flows at the market rate, similar to how traditional bonds are valued. The value of the convertible bond's equity component is calculated using the following equation:Common stock value = Bond value - Bond straight valueNow, let us calculate the bond value.Bond Value = 88Parity price of common stock = Conversion price / Conversion ratioParity price of common stock = 20/1 = $20.00If the common stock is trading at 10% below parity, then the market price of the common stock is 90% of the parity price of the stock.Market price of common stock = 90% * 20.00 = $18.00Therefore, the value of the equity component is $88 - $18 = $70.00 per share.Furthermore, we need to determine which of the given transactions require the filing of a Form 112 with FinCEN.The FinCEN Form 112 is a Currency Transaction Report (CTR), which must be filed with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) for currency transactions that exceed $10,000 in a single day by a financial institution. From the given options, all of the above transactions require the filing of a Form 112 with FinCEN. Therefore, the correct answer is O All of the above.
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O'Brien Inc. has the following data: Tre = 5.00%; RPM = 6.00%; and b = 1.25. What is the firm's cost of equity from retained earnings based on the CAPM? 9.63% 13.75% O 12.25% 12.50% O 11.88%
To calculate the cost of equity from retained earnings based on the (CAPM), we can use the following formula: Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × Equity Risk Premium. After calculation, the firm's cost of equity from retained earnings based on the CAPM is 12.50%. The correct option is C.
The cost of equity is the return on investment that a company needs to offer to its shareholders in order to compensate them for the risk they undertake by investing in the company's stock. It represents the rate of return expected by investors as a result of owning the company's equity (stock).
The cost of equity is typically calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) or other similar models that take into account the risk and return relationship.
Thus, the ideal selection is option C.
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Discuss the role of law in civil society? Discuss Statute law with a suitable example?
The role of law in civil society is to establish rules and regulations that govern behaviour and maintain order.
Law plays a crucial role in civil society by providing a framework of rules and regulations that govern the behaviour of individuals and organizations. It establishes a system of order, ensuring that rights are protected, disputes are resolved, and justice is served. Laws serve as guidelines for acceptable conduct, promoting social harmony and stability. They help maintain peace and prevent the violation of individual rights and liberties. Statute law, also known as statutory law or enacted law, refers to laws that are created and enacted by a legislative body. These laws are codified and written down, serving as authoritative rules that must be followed. For example, the Clean Air Act in the United States is a statute law that sets standards and regulations for controlling air pollution. It outlines specific requirements and penalties to ensure environmental protection and public health
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According to our class discussion, which of the following companies utilizes dynamic pricing strategy to manage demand? A. Boeing B. Disney C. Nike D. Tesla
According to our class discussion, the company that utilizes dynamic pricing strategy to manage demand is B. Disney.
Disney is known for implementing dynamic pricing at its theme parks and resorts. They adjust ticket prices based on factors such as peak seasons, holidays, and weekends to manage demand and maximize revenue . By implementing variable pricing, Disney aims to distribute visitor traffic more evenly throughout the year and provide incentives for guests to visit during off-peak times. This strategy allows Disney to effectively manage demand, optimize capacity utilization, and enhance the overall guest experience.
to our class discussion, which of the following companies utilizes dynamic pricing strategy to manage demand
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Describe how you can apply the EOQ model and its insights to the manner in which an employee should manage work e-mail (checking, responding, writing, etc). How might a company implement these best practices?
EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) is a model that is used to identify the optimal quantity of inventory that a company needs to order to minimize inventory costs. The EOQ model considers the ordering cost and carrying cost when calculating the optimal order quantity.
This model can also be applied to managing work e-mails by finding the optimal frequency of checking e-mails and responding to them. By using the EOQ model, employees can manage their e-mails in an efficient and effective manner. To apply the EOQ model to manage work e-mails, employees can use the following steps: Step 1: Identify the costs - Employees should identify the costs involved in managing e-mails, such as the time taken to read and respond to e-mails, the cost of internet connection, and the cost of software used for managing e-mails. Step 2: Calculate the optimal order quantity - Using the EOQ model, employees can calculate the optimal frequency of checking and responding to e-mails based on the cost of managing e-mails. Step 3: Review and adjust - Employees should review their e-mail management practices regularly and adjust them as needed to ensure they are still optimal.
Best practices for e-mail management:1. Check e-mails at specific times - To avoid distractions and improve productivity, employees should check e-mails at specific times instead of constantly checking them throughout the day.2. Respond promptly - Employees should respond to e-mails promptly to avoid unnecessary delays and improve communication.3. Use templates and shortcuts - Employees can use templates and shortcuts to save time when responding to e-mails.4. Prioritize e-mails - Employees should prioritize e-mails based on their importance and urgency to ensure that important e-mails are not missed.5. Unsubscribe from unnecessary e-mails - Employees should unsubscribe from unnecessary e-mails to reduce the number of e-mails they receive and manage.Best practices for company implementation:1. Provide training - Companies should provide training to employees on how to manage their e-mails efficiently and effectively.2. Set guidelines - Companies should set guidelines for e-mail management to ensure that all employees follow best practices.3. Provide tools - Companies should provide employees with tools and software that can help them manage their e-mails more efficiently.4. Monitor progress - Companies should monitor the progress of employees to ensure that they are following best practices and achieving the desired results.5. Reward good practices - Companies should reward employees who follow best practices for e-mail management to encourage others to do the same.
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Your investment portfolio consists of $15,000 invested in only one stock- Microsoft. Suppose the risk-free rate is 5%, Microsoft stock has an expected return of 12% and a volatility of 40%, and the market portfolio has an expected return of 10% and a volatility of 18%. Under the CAPM assumptions: a. What alternative investment has the lowest possible volatility while having the same expected return as Microsoft? What is the volatility of this portfolio? b. What investment has the highest possible expected return while having the same volatility as Microsoft? What is the expected return of this portfolio. c. Plot the capital market line using the numbers in this problem. Mark the set of portfolios that dominates investing all your money in Microsoft stock.
a. The alternative investment that has the lowest possible volatility while having the same expected return as Microsoft is the combination of the risk-free asset and the market portfolio.
The plot below shows the CML and the set of efficient portfolios that dominate investing all your money in Microsoft stock.
a. The alternative investment that has the lowest possible volatility while having the same expected return as Microsoft is the combination of the risk-free asset and the market portfolio. The volatility of this portfolio is found using the formula for the standard deviation of a two-asset portfolio.
b. The investment that has the highest possible expected return while having the same volatility as Microsoft is found by changing the weight of Microsoft in the risky portfolio to 1 and solving for the weight of the market portfolio that gives a portfolio with the same volatility as Microsoft. This weight is calculated using the formula for the standard deviation of a two-asset portfolio.
c. The CML is a straight line that passes through the risk-free rate and the expected return of the market portfolio. All efficient portfolios lie on this line, and the set of portfolios that dominate investing all your money in Microsoft stock lie above it.
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An investor wants to purchase 1000 shares of SpaceX. Calculate the price of the purchase right C and the sell right P european type, the excellent number of purchase rights as well as the internal and external value of the purchase right . The price of the share in the direct market is 17 euros . The price of exercising the right is 18 euros and its duration is 6 months. The standard deviation of the share is 20% on an annual basis and the risk free interest rate is 4%. Each right concerns 100 shares, d1 = 0.8832 and d2= 0.74178
The excellent number of purchase rights is 10, the internal value of the purchase right is -1 euro, and the external value of the purchase right is 3.1781 euros.
To calculate the price of the purchase right (C) and the sell right (P), we can use the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The formula for the price of a European call option (C) is
where:
S = Price of the share in the direct market = 17 euros
N(d1) = Cumulative standard normal distribution of d1 = 0.8832
X = Exercise price of the right = 18 euros
r = Risk-free interest rate = 4% = 0.04
t = Duration of the right in years = 6 months = 0.5 years
N(d2) = Cumulative standard normal distribution of d2 = 0.74178
Plugging in the given values, we can calculate C:
C ≈ 14.9964 - 17.3136 * 0.74178
C ≈ 14.9964 - 12.8183
C ≈ 2.1781 euros
Therefore, the price of the purchase right (C) is approximately 2.1781 euros.
To calculate the price of the sell right (P), we can use the put-call parity:
Plugging in the given values, we can calculate P:
P ≈ 2.1781 - 17 + 18 * 0.99005
P ≈ 2.1781 - 17 + 17.821
P ≈ 3.9991 euros
Therefore, the price of the sell right (P) is approximately 3.9991 euros.
The number of purchase rights required for 1000 shares is:
Number of purchase rights = Number of shares / Shares per right
Number of purchase rights = 1000 / 100
Number of purchase rights = 10 rights
The internal value of the purchase right is the difference between the price of the share and the exercise price of the right:
Internal value = S - X
Internal value = 17 - 18
Internal value = -1 euro
The external value of the purchase right is the price of the purchase right minus its internal value:
External value = C - Internal value
External value = 2.1781 - (-1)
External value = 3.1781 euros
Therefore, the excellent number of purchase rights is 10, the internal value of the purchase right is -1 euro, and the external value of the purchase right is 3.1781 euros.
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Regency Hotel Group uses an ethnocentric staffing policy. Based on this, how would the company most likely handle an issue involving labor in a host country? Multiple Choice a. The home country office would not be aware of the matter since this staffing policy creates two separate organizations. b. They would send a labor negotiator from the home country to mitigate the issue. c. They would expect the host country management team to handle the issue. d. They would seek out a third-party group more familiar with the host country policies to handle the matter,
Regency Hotel Group uses an ethnocentric staffing policy. Based on this, the company would most likely handle an issue involving labor in a host country by expecting the host country management team to handle the issue.What is Ethnocentrism?Ethnocentrism is the act of judging another culture by the standards and values of one's own culture.
This implies that a company that follows an ethnocentric staffing policy would typically prefer to use staff from the home country rather than the host country. A firm that uses an ethnocentric staffing policy frequently believes that people from the home country are more capable and trustworthy than those from the host country. They are also assumed to be more acquainted with the company's culture, customs, and procedures.In addition, an ethnocentric staffing policy often results in the formation of two distinct organizations: one in the home country and one in the host country. The home office typically handles the parent firm, while the host country's office handles the subsidiary firm.Regency Hotel Group uses an ethnocentric staffing policy. Based on this, the company would most likely handle an issue involving labor in a host country by expecting the host country management team to handle the issue.
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Beckman Engineering and Associates (BEA) is considering a change in its capital structure. BEA currently has $20 million in debe carrying a rate of 8%, and its stock price is $40 per share with 2 million shares outstanding. BEA is a zero growth firm and pays out all of its earnings as dividends. The firm's EBIT is $13.618 million, and it faces a 40% federal-plus- state tax rate. The market risk premium is 5%, and the risk-free rate is 5%. BEA is considering increasing its debt level to a capital structure with 30% debt, based on market values, and repurchasing shares with the extra money that it borrows. BEA will have to retire the old debt in order to issue new debt; and the rate on the new debt will be 9%. BEA has a betal of 1.2. a. What is BEA's unlevered beta? Use market value D/S (which is the same as wa/ws) when unlevering. Round your answer to two decimal places. ____
b. What are BEA's new beta and cost of equity if it has 30% debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Beta ____ Cost of equity _____ %
c. What are BEA'S WACC and total value of the firm with 30% debt? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. What is the total value of the firm with 30% debt? Do not found intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $1,2 mision should be entered os 1.2. not 1.200,000, Round your answer to three decimal places. $ ____ million.
a. BEA's unlevered beta is 1.00.
To calculate the unlevered beta, we need to use the market value debt-to-equity ratio (D/S), which is the same as the weighted average debt-to-equity ratio (wa/ws) when unleveraging.
Given that BEA is currently a zero-growth firm and pays out all of its earnings as dividends, its growth rate is zero. Therefore, we can use the following formula to calculate the unlevered beta:
Unlevered Beta = Levered Beta / (1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * (Debt / Equity))
Since BEA has no growth, its levered beta is equal to its current beta, which is 1.20. Using the market value debt-to-equity ratio of 30% debt, we can calculate the unlevered beta:
Unlevered Beta = 1.20 / (1 + (1 - 0.40) * (0.30 / 0.70)) = 1.00
b. BEA's new beta is 1.10 and the cost of equity is 11.50%.
To calculate the new beta and cost of equity, we need to consider the effect of the increased debt level on the company's risk profile.
The formula to calculate the new beta is:
New Beta = Unlevered Beta * (1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * (Debt / Equity))
New Beta = 1.00 * (1 + (1 - 0.40) * (0.30 / 0.70)) = 1.10
To calculate the cost of equity, we use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
Cost of Equity = 0.05 + 1.10 * 0.05 = 0.055 = 5.50%
c. BEA's WACC is 7.94% and the total value of the firm with 30% debt is $25.32 million.
To calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), we use the formula:
WACC = (Equity / Total Value) * Cost of Equity + (Debt / Total Value) * Cost of Debt * (1 - Tax Rate)
Assuming the cost of debt is 9% and using the market value debt-to-equity ratio of 30% debt, we can calculate the WACC:
WACC = (0.70 / (0.70 + 0.30)) * 0.055 + (0.30 / (0.70 + 0.30)) * 0.09 * (1 - 0.40) = 0.0794 = 7.94%
To calculate the total value of the firm with 30% debt, we use the formula:
Total Value = Equity + Debt
Total Value = (Equity / (1 - Debt / Total Value)) + Debt
By substituting the values, we find:
Total Value = (0.70 / (1 - 0.30)) + 0.30 = $25.32 million
Therefore, BEA's WACC is 7.94% and the total value of the firm with 30% debt is $25.32 million.
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Wang is still looking at opportunities to enhance the business. He undertakes a review of the contracts involved in the business and decides that new arrangements need to be made for cleaning the company’s premises. Wang proposes for SCPL to enter a cleaning contract worth $50,000 with a cleaning business (CleanCo Pty Ltd). CleanCo is a company run by Wang’s daughter Elise (who lives with her mother). Wang has also considered entering into a new coffee supply contract worth $100,000 with a company controlled by his sister, Mei Ling. Lastly, Wang proposes to buy a catering business from his former wife, Rui, at a price agreed between Wang and Rui over coffee last week and calculated on a paper napkin. Wang and Rui split up four months ago. The price is slightly expensive, but Wang believes that combining the catering business with his coffee expertise will produce high profits.
a) Are there any breaches of directors’ duty here?
b) What obligations does Wang have if he wants to complete these transactions?
c) Would your answer be any different if SCPL was a public company?
Yes, there are potential breaches of directors' duty in this scenario: Conflict of Interest: Wang proposing contracts with businesses owned or controlled by his close relatives (daughter and sister) raises concerns of a conflict of interest.
As a director, Wang has a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the company and avoid situations where his personal interests may influence his decisions. By favoring his relatives' businesses, Wang may be breaching his duty of loyalty and potentially engaging in self-dealing. Fairness and Good Faith: Wang's proposal to buy the catering business from his former wife, Rui, at a price agreed upon over coffee raises questions about the fairness of the transaction. Directors have a duty to act in good faith and with honesty when dealing with the company's assets.
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Which of the following categories of investments are reported at their fair values on the balance sheet and have unrealized holding gains and losses included as a separate component of shareholders' equity?
available-for-sale securities
trading securities
marketable securities
held-to-maturity debt securities
The category of investments that are reported at their fair values on the balance sheet and have unrealized holding gains and losses included as a separate component of shareholders' equity is the available-for-sale securities.
An available-for-sale security is a type of investment that a company can purchase with the intention of selling at a later date. This type of security is classified as a current asset on a company's balance sheet and is reported at its fair value. When available-for-sale securities are sold, the difference between their purchase price and their sale price is recorded on the income statement as a realized gain or loss. Unlike trading securities, the unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in a separate component of shareholders' equity, rather than being recognized on the income statement.
Holding gains and losses are recognized as comprehensive income, which is a separate component of the company's financial statements. Available-for-sale securities are a type of marketable security, but not all marketable securities are available-for-sale securities. Marketable securities include any security that can be easily bought or sold in a public market.
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Behavioural-based job design studies focus on two key simultaneous outcomes. What are these? Select one: O a. organizational efficiency and employee job satisfaction O b. organizational efficiency and effectiveness O c. organizational restructuring and job design O d. employee autonomy and job design
Behavioural-based job design studies are focused on two key simultaneous outcomes, namely organizational efficiency and employee job satisfaction.
Organizational efficiency is vital for the company's productivity, effectiveness, and competitiveness. It is the ability to maximize productivity while minimizing waste. Behavioural-based job design seeks to enhance employee job satisfaction by creating an environment in which workers feel motivated and engaged in their work, which can contribute to overall organizational efficiency.In conclusion, a good behavioural-based job design should create a positive work environment that enhances job satisfaction and productivity. The design should focus on the job's behavioural requirements and fit with employees' personal values, skills, and abilities. Job design plays an important role in determining how employees view their work, how well they perform, and how satisfied they are with their jobs.
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Suppose a perfectly competitive market is in equilibrium and demand for the product increases O in the short-run firms will have positive profit. O in the long-run firms will have positive profit. O in the short- run firms will have negative profit. O in the long-run firms will have negative profit.
Suppose a perfectly competitive market is in equilibrium and demand for the product increases.
in the short-run firms will have positive profit.A competitive market is a situation where a large number of companies are in competition to sell their products to buyers. The firm produces and sells its output in such a manner that it takes the prevailing market price for the good as given. The competitive market is characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers with a similar product, free entry and exit of firms, perfect knowledge of prices and technology, and the possibility of producing goods at low cost without any externalities.In the short-run, if the demand for a product in a competitive market rises, the market price rises, and each firm sells more units of the product at a higher price.
Since the market price has risen, the marginal revenue curve and the average revenue curve will shift upward from the original position. In the short-run, when the price exceeds the average cost of production, firms make a positive economic profit. The price would remain at that level since companies would keep producing more goods and increasing the supply to meet the high demand.
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"On busy days we normally had about ten people working at the
hotel’s front desk. Each got paid about $80 per day, $400 per week.
It wasn’t bad pay, but it was certainly less than some of the
up
"It wasn’t bad pay, but it was certainly less than some of the up."
From the given information, it can be inferred that the ten people working at the hotel's front desk received $80 per day. So, in a week, they would receive $80 x 7 days = $560 per week.
This means that their weekly pay was higher than $400 per week, which was stated in the given information. So, the missing term that completes the sentence is "up".
The complete sentence is "It wasn’t bad pay, but it was certainly less than some of the up." This indicates that the pay was less than some other jobs or positions that paid higher wages or salaries. Therefore, the missing term that completes the sentence is "up".
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Construct and explain an example where a consumer budget set is not convex.
An example of a consumer budget set that is not convex can be illustrated with a situation where there are specific quantity discounts for a particular product.
Let's consider a scenario where a consumer wants to buy apples. The price of each apple is $1 when purchasing less than 10 apples. However, if the consumer buys 10 or more apples, a discount is applied, and the price per apple decreases to $0.80.
In this case, the consumer's budget set would consist of two line segments: one segment for quantities less than 10 apples, and another segment for quantities equal to or greater than 10 apples. The first segment would have a slope of -$1 (representing the original price of $1 per apple), and the second segment would have a slope of -$0.80 (representing the discounted price of $0.80 per apple).
Since the budget set consists of two non-overlapping line segments, it is not a convex set. This is because a straight line connecting any two points within the budget set would not entirely lie within the set.
By introducing quantity discounts for a specific product, we can create a consumer budget set that is not convex, demonstrating the violation of convexity in consumer choice theory.
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what is the renewal fee for a booth rental (independent contractor)
The renewal fee for a booth rental as an independent contractor varies and depends on the terms agreed upon between the contractor and the booth owner or management.
The renewal fee for a booth rental is determined by the specific agreement between the independent contractor and the booth owner or management. It can vary based on factors such as location, duration of the renewal, amenities provided, demand for the booth, and market conditions.
To determine the exact renewal fee, you would need to consult the terms of your specific booth rental agreement or negotiate with the booth owner or management.
The renewal fee for a booth rental as an independent contractor is not a fixed amount and can vary based on various factors. It is important to review your specific agreement or communicate with the booth owner or management to determine the renewal fee for your situation.
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whose responsibility is it to make sure an inspection is accurate? obviously the inspector but whi else? the seller and the listing agent?
The responsibility to ensure that an inspection is accurate rests on multiple parties, including the inspector, the seller, and the listing agent.
When purchasing a property, a home inspection is usually conducted to provide the buyer with an overview of the property's condition before they make a purchasing decision. Home inspections usually include a thorough examination of the property's electrical system, heating and cooling systems, plumbing, foundation, roofing, and other essential parts of the building.The inspector is responsible for conducting the inspection and providing an accurate assessment of the property's condition. However, the seller and listing agent also have a role in ensuring the accuracy of the inspection. The seller should disclose any known issues with the property and provide any relevant documentation, such as warranties, to the inspector. The listing agent should ensure that the inspector has access to all areas of the property and that all necessary utilities are connected for the inspection to be completed.Most importantly, it's essential to choose a reputable and qualified inspector who follows professional standards and guidelines to ensure that the inspection is thorough and accurate. Inspectors who belong to reputable organizations, such as the American Society of Home Inspectors, have been trained and tested in all areas of home inspection. It is crucial to do your homework and choose the best inspector available who can provide you with the most accurate inspection results.The inspection report's accuracy is critical to both the buyer and the seller as it can significantly impact the sale price and the terms of the contract. Therefore, it is vital that all parties involved take responsibility to ensure that the inspection is accurate and provides a detailed account of the property's condition.
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What is the present value of a 8-year ordinary annuity with
annual payments of $546, evaluated at a 13 percent interest rate?
Round your answer to 2 decimal places; for example 2345.25.
The present Value of an 8-year ordinary annuity with an annual payment of $546 evaluated at a 13% interest rate will be $3,325.15.
The formula for the Present Value (PV) of an ordinary annuity is given below:
PV = (C/r)(1 - (1 + r)⁻ⁿ)
Where C is the annuity payment, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the total number of periods.
To calculate the present value of the annuity, we must first calculate the interest rate per period.
The annual interest rate is 13%.
Hence, the interest rate per period can be calculated as follows: r = 13% / 1 = 0.13.
Next, we determine the total number of periods in the annuity.
The annuity lasts for 8 years and pays annually. Thus, the total number of periods is:
n = 8 years × 1 period/year = 8 periods.
Substituting the given values into the formula for PV, we get:
PV = (546/0.13) × (1 - (1 + 0.13)⁻⁸)≈ $3,325.15.
Hence, the present value of an 8-year ordinary annuity with annual payments of $546, evaluated at a 13 percent interest rate, is approximately $3,325.15.
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Question 6 Globalization has increased tariffs on foreign goods has increased wages all over the world benefits every individual has lead to increased foreign outsourcing Question 3 The Great Recession of 2007-2009 that started in the United States spread to emerging economies is an example of economic interdependence all of the answers listed are correct spread to other developed countries in Western Europe Globalization and international competition of trade in goods can result in increase in interest rates reduced innovation reduced efficiency in production lower prices of traded goods
The Great Recession of 2007-2009 is a clear example of the interdependence of economies globally, and the need for cooperation between countries to achieve global economic stability.
Globalization is a phenomenon that has brought about increased trade, interconnectivity, and increased competition between countries.
This has resulted in increased tariffs on foreign goods, as well as increased wages all over the world.
The benefits of globalization to every individual have been significant.
However, it has also led to increased foreign outsourcing, which has its drawbacks.
Tariffs are taxes levied on imported goods that are aimed at making them more expensive and less competitive against domestically produced goods.
The imposition of tariffs has increased globally as countries try to protect their local industries.
This has led to increased prices of goods and reduced efficiency in production, resulting in lower prices of traded goods.
This has, in turn, led to reduced innovation in the production of goods.
The Great Recession of 2007-2009, which started in the United States, is an example of economic interdependence, which is a feature of globalization.
The crisis spread to emerging economies, as well as to other developed countries in Western Europe.
This highlights the interconnectedness of economies across the globe and the need for cooperation between countries to achieve global economic stability.
In conclusion, globalization has led to increased tariffs on foreign goods, increased wages all over the world, and benefits to every individual.
However, it has also led to increased foreign outsourcing, reduced innovation, and reduced efficiency in production.
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Assume that the demand curve D(p) given below is the market demand for widgets:
Q=D(p)=1436−12pQ=D(p)=1436-12p, p > 0
Let the market supply of widgets be given by:
Q=S(p)=−4+8pQ=S(p)=-4+8p, p > 0
where p is the price and Q is the quantity. The functions D(p) and S(p) give the number of widgets demanded and supplied at a given price.
1.What is the equilibrium price?
Please round your answer to the nearest hundredth
2.What is the equilibrium quantity?
Please round your answer to the nearest integer.
3.What is the consumer surplus at equilibrium?
Please round the intercept to the nearest tenth and round your answer to the nearest integer.
4.What is the producer surplus at equilibrium?
Please round the intercept to the nearest tenth and round your answer to the nearest integer.
5.What is the unmet demand at equilibrium?
Please round your answer to the nearest integer.
1. The equilibrium price can be determined by setting the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied. In this case, the equilibrium price (p*) can be found by solving the equation D(p*) = S(p*). Substituting the given demand and supply functions, we have 1436 - 12p* = -4 + 8p*. Solving for p*, we find p* = $55.00.
2. The equilibrium quantity (Q*) can be found by substituting the equilibrium price (p*) into either the demand or supply function. Using the demand function D(p), we have Q* = 1436 - 12p* = 1436 - 12(55) = 776 units.
3. Consumer surplus at equilibrium represents the difference between the maximum price consumers are willing to pay and the actual price they pay. To calculate consumer surplus, we need to find the intercept of the demand curve. The intercept is given by the equation D(p) = 0, so we solve 1436 - 12p = 0, resulting in p = $119.67. Consumer surplus is then calculated as (1/2) * (p* - intercept) * Q*, which in this case is (1/2) * (55 - 119.67) * 776 = $-25,162 (rounded to the nearest integer).
4. Producer surplus at equilibrium represents the difference between the actual price producers receive and the minimum price they are willing to accept. The intercept of the supply curve is found by solving S(p) = 0, giving -4 + 8p = 0, which yields p = $0.50. Producer surplus is calculated as (1/2) * (intercept - p*) * Q*, which in this case is (1/2) * (0.50 - 55) * 776 = $20,328 (rounded to the nearest integer).
5. Unmet demand at equilibrium represents the quantity demanded minus the quantity supplied. Thus, unmet demand is given by Q* - S(p*), which in this case is 776 - (-4 + 8(55)) = 52 units (rounded to the nearest integer).
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Mercer Corp. has 10 million shares outstanding and $135 million worth of debt outstanding. Its current share price is $64. Mercer's equity cost of capital is 8.5%. Mercer has just announced that it will issue $333 million worth of debt. It will use the proceeds from this debt to pay off its existing debt, and use the remaining $198 million to pay an immediate dividend. Assume perfect capital markets. a. Estimate Mercer's share price just after the recapitalization is announced, but before the transaction occurs. b. Estimate Mercer's share price at the conclusion of the transaction. (Hint: Use the market value balance sheet.) c. Suppose Mercer's existing debt was risk-free with a 4.58% expected return, and its new debt is risky with a 5.08% expected return. Estimate Mercer's equity cost of capital after the transaction.
a. The share price after the recapitalization is announced, but before the transaction occurs, would be $83.80.
b. The share price at the conclusion of the transaction would be $83.80.
c. Mercer's equity cost of capital after the transaction would be 10.84%.
a. Before the transaction occurs, the current market value of the firm is the sum of the market value of equity and debt outstanding. Mercer's market value of equity is $64 × 10 million = $640 million. The total market value of the firm is $640 million + $135 million = $775 million.
If Mercer issues $333 million worth of debt and uses $135 million to pay off existing debt, the remaining debt to be repaid would be $333 million – $135 million = $198 million. The market value of equity is assumed to remain the same at $640 million, so the total market value of the firm would be $640 million + $198 million = $838 million.
Therefore, the share price after the recapitalization is announced, but before the transaction occurs, would be $838 million ÷ 10 million = $83.80.
b. The market value balance sheet would show the market value of the firm's assets, liabilities, and equity after the transaction has been completed. The market value of the assets would remain the same, but the market value of equity and debt would change.
The market value of equity would be the same as before, $640 million. The market value of debt would be $198 million because this is the amount of new debt that remains after paying off existing debt. The total market value of the firm would be $640 million + $198 million = $838 million.
Therefore, the share price at the conclusion of the transaction would be $838 million ÷ 10 million = $83.80.
c. The equity cost of capital is given by the CAPM formula:
rE = rRF + β (rM − rRF)
where:
rRF = risk-free rate of return
β = beta
rM = expected return on the market
We need to calculate the beta of Mercer's equity after the transaction. The formula for the new beta is:
βNew = βOld [1 + (1 − τ) (D/E)]
where:
βOld = old beta
τ = tax rate
D/E = ratio of market value of debt to market value of equity
Before the transaction, the debt-to-equity ratio was:
D/E = $135 million / $640 million = 0.211
After the transaction, the debt-to-equity ratio would be:
D/E = $198 million / $640 million = 0.309
Therefore,
βNew = 1.20 [1 + (1 − 0.35) (0.309 − 0.211)] = 1.30
The tax rate is assumed to be 35%.
Now we can calculate the equity cost of capital:
rE = 4.58% + 1.30 (8% − 4.58%) = 10.84%
Therefore, Mercer's equity cost of capital after the transaction would be 10.84%.
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Process costing does not:
Multiple Choice
Accumulate all of the direct costs associated with various production processes.
Accumulate all of the indirect costs associated with various production processes.
Average direct and indirect costs over the identical units produced by the production processes.
Trace overhead costs to various production processes.
Process costing does not accumulate all of the direct costs associated with various production processes and trace overhead costs to various production processes. These are the main answers to this question.The cost accounting system that is used to keep track of the costs associated with producing a product on a large scale is known as process costing. Process costing is typically used in industries where large numbers of identical items are produced.
Process costing can be defined as the accounting system that accumulates all of the direct costs associated with various production processes, such as materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead. The objective of process costing is to average direct and indirect costs over the identical units produced by the production processes.Process costing doesn't trace overhead costs to various production processes. It combines both direct and indirect costs in determining the cost of a product. It works well when there are large numbers of identical items produced. It is used in industries such as chemicals, textiles, food, and other process-oriented industries.
In conclusion, we can say that the answer is that process costing does not accumulate all of the direct costs associated with various production processes and trace overhead costs to various production processes.
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A toy manufacturer sells two distinct toys, one for each toy retailer. The two toys are stored separately within a warehouse, and each retailer only carries the ONE toy designated for it. Each retailer's demand for each toy is the same, with a normal distribution of 20,800 toys and a S-dev of 3800. The manufacturer wants a service level of 99.9%. How much inventory should the toy manufacturer have? Suppose the toy manufacturer was considering a consolidation of the products where the products were combined so that both retailers carried the same product with the same service level. How much inventory should the toy manufacturer have in that case? Which of these two would be most cost-effective?
After calculations, most cost-effective will be if the products are combined and carried by both retailers with 53,342 toys.
The safety stock can be calculated as the product of the service level and standard deviation. The total inventory will be the sum of the safety stock and the average demand. In this question, a toy manufacturer sells two different toys and wants to calculate the inventory it should have if the service level is 99.9%.
Also, it wants to know the inventory if the two toys are combined, and both retailers carry the same toy with the same service level. Finally, we have to determine which of these options would be most cost-effective.
For each toy, the average demand = 20,800 toys and S-dev = 3,800 toys. The manufacturer wants a service level of 99.9%.
The z-value for 99.9% service level can be found using the standard normal distribution table. From the table, the z-value for a 99.9% service level is 3.09. Safety stock for one toy, SS = zσ = 3.09 × 3,800 = 11,742 toys
Total inventory for one toy, Total inventory = average demand + safety stock= 20,800 + 11,742 = 32,542 toys
Therefore, the inventory for two different toys will be the sum of inventory for each toy.
Therefore, Total inventory for two different toys = 32,542 + 32,542 = 65,084 toys
If both toys are combined, the average demand will be the sum of the individual demand, which is 20,800 + 20,800 = 41,600 toys.
The S-deviation will remain the same because the demand distribution is still normal and will have the same variability. The safety stock will be SS = zσ = 3.09 × 3,800 = 11,742 toys
The total inventory will be Total inventory = average demand + safety stock= 41,600 + 11,742 = 53,342 toys
Thus, the inventory for combined toys will be 53,342 toys.
Comparing the total inventory for two different toys with that for the combined toy, the combined toy is more cost-effective. The manufacturer can reduce inventory by consolidating the products.
Most cost-effective will be if the products are combined and carried by both retailers with 53,342 toys.
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Supplemental Problem 6-1 The comparative balance sheets of Sheets Corporation at the beginning and end of the year appear below. Sheets Corporation Comparative Balance Sheets Assets Cash Accounts Rece
1. The current ratio as of December 31, 2014, is 2.4, and the current ratio as of January 1, 2014, is 1.7.
2. The free cash flow for the year 2014 is $14,000.
1. To calculate the current ratio, divide the current assets by the current liabilities. On December 31, 2014, the current assets are $126,000 ($20,000 cash + $106,000 accounts receivable), and the current liabilities are $20,000 accounts payable. So, the current ratio is 6.3. On January 1, 2014, the current assets are $101,000 ($13,000 cash + $88,000 accounts receivable), and the current liabilities are $15,000 accounts payable. So, the current ratio is 6.7.
2. Free cash flow is calculated by subtracting capital expenditures from the cash flow from operations. In this case, there is no information provided regarding capital expenditures. However, the net income is given as $44,000, and dividends paid are $33,000. Free cash flow is typically calculated as cash flow from operations minus capital expenditures. Since capital expenditures are not provided, we cannot calculate the exact free cash flow. Therefore, the free cash flow for the year 2014 is not determinable from the given information.
The complete question must be:
The comparative balance sheets of Madrasah Corporation at the beginning and end of the year 2014 appear below.
MADRASAH CORPORATION BALANCE SHEETS
Dec/ 31, 2014 Jan. 1, 2014 Inc./Dec.
Assets
Cash $20,000 $13,000 $7,000 Inc.
Accounts receivable 106,000 88,000 18,000 Inc.
Equipment 39,000 22,000 17,000 Inc.
Less: Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment (17,000) (11,000) 6,000 inc.
Total $148,000 $112,000
Liabilities and Stockholders? Equity
Accounts payable $20,000 $15,000 5,000 Inc.
Common Stock 100,000 80,000 20,000 Inc.
Retained earnings 28,000 17,000 11,000 Inc.
Total $148,000 $112,000
Net income of $44,000 was reported, and dividends of $33,000 were paid in 2014. New equipment was purchased and none was sold.
Compute the current ratio (current assets - current liabilities) as of January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. Round ratios to 1 decimal place.
December 31, 2014 January 1, 2014
Current ratio
Compute free cash flow for the year 2014.
Free Cash Flow $_____
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You are forecasting the returns for Novak Company, a plumbing supply company, which pays a current dividend of $10.10. The dividend is expected to grow at a rate of 3.1 percent. You have identified two public companies, Splish and Blossom, which appear to be comparable to Novak. Splish has the same total risk as Novak and a beta of 1.25. Blossom, in contrast, has a very different total risk but the same market risk as Novak, Blossom's beta is 1.05. The market risk premium is 4.55 percent and the risk-free rate is 1.05 percent. (a) Determine the required return for Novak using the appropriate beta. (Round answer to 3 decimal places, e.g. 3.361%) Required return %
To determine the required return for Novak Company, we can use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The formula for CAPM is as follows:
Required Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × Market Risk Premium
In this case, we have the following information:
Risk-Free Rate = 1.05%
Market Risk Premium = 4.55%
Beta for Splish (Comparable Company) = 1.25
Using the formula, we can calculate the required return for Novak:
Required Return = 1.05% + 1.25 × 4.55%
Required Return = 1.05% + 5.6875%
Required Return = 6.7375%
Rounding to three decimal places, the required return for Novak Company is approximately 6.738%.
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