True. Budgeting involves forecasting future income, expenses, and savings. It is a strategic financial planning tool that helps individuals and organizations manage their finances effectively.
Budgeting is the process of estimating and planning for future income, expenses, and savings. It involves creating a financial roadmap that allows individuals or organizations to allocate their resources in a planned manner. By forecasting income, expenses, and savings, budgeting helps in setting financial goals, making informed decisions, and tracking progress towards those goals.
Budgeting serves several purposes. It enables individuals and organizations to prioritize their spending, ensuring that essential needs are met before allocating funds to discretionary expenses. It also helps in identifying areas where expenses can be reduced or eliminated, allowing for increased savings or investment. Budgeting is particularly important for individuals who want to achieve financial stability, pay off debts, save for retirement, or fund major purchases.
Moreover, budgeting is not a one-time task but an ongoing process. It requires regular monitoring and adjustments to ensure that actual income and expenses align with the forecasted amounts. By tracking actual spending against the budget, individuals can identify any deviations and make necessary corrections to stay on track.
In conclusion, budgeting is a crucial financial management practice that involves forecasting future income, expenses, and savings. It provides a structured approach to managing finances and helps individuals and organizations make informed financial decisions. By setting financial goals and monitoring progress, budgeting contributes to improved financial well-being and long-term financial success.
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Describe the circumstances that limit the liability of the auditors. Explain how to prevent the auditor from prospective litigation.
Auditors must act with professional skepticism, document their work thoroughly, maintain independence, and communicate effectively with management and the audit committee.
Auditors are professionals who perform auditing tasks to ensure that financial statements are accurate, unbiased, and comply with accounting principles. However, as with any other professional, there are limits to their liability. In this answer, we will describe the circumstances that limit the liability of the auditors and explain how to prevent the auditor from prospective litigation.
Limitations of auditor's liability
1. Negligence or Gross Negligence
Auditors are liable if they are found to have acted negligently in the performance of their duties. They must comply with professional standards, or they will be held accountable for any errors or omissions in their audit report.
2. Misrepresentation
If an auditor makes a false statement, the company may rely on that statement and suffer a loss. The auditor could be liable for that loss if they knew that their statement was false.
3. Fraud
Auditors have a duty to detect fraud and report it to management and shareholders. If they do not detect fraud, they may be held liable for any losses suffered by the company.
Preventing Auditors from Prospective Litigation
1. Professional Skepticism
The auditor must maintain professional skepticism during the audit and obtain sufficient evidence to support their opinion. They must scrutinize the financial statements and management's assertions carefully.
2. Documentation
The auditor must document their work thoroughly, including all the evidence they have obtained and the conclusions they have drawn. This documentation can serve as a defense in litigation.
3. Independence
Auditors must be independent of the company they are auditing. They cannot have any financial or other ties to the company. This independence helps to ensure that they are unbiased in their opinion.
4. Clear Communication
Auditors must communicate effectively with management and the audit committee. They must communicate any findings that may impact the company's financial statements and ensure that management understands their responsibilities in the audit process.
In conclusion, auditors have limits to their liability, and there are ways to prevent litigation. Auditors must act with professional skepticism, document their work thoroughly, maintain independence, and communicate effectively with management and the audit committee.
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Assets Liquid Assets Cash Checking Savings Total Liquid Assets: Investments Retirement funds, IRA Total Investments: Real Property Primary residence Total Real Property: Personal Property Honda Pilot Total Personal $246.45 271.10 308.06 $1,063.13 $145,800.00 $11,495.00 $825.61 $1,063.13 $145,800.00 $11,495.00 Liabilities and Net Worth Current Liabilities Electric Water Insurance premiums Taxes Mortgage Auto MasterCard Total Current Liabilities: Long-Term Liabilities Primary residence mortgage Total Long-Term Liabilities: $394.05 168.88 281.46 1,012.50 750.00 844.40 731.81 $36,000.00 al $11,495.00 (1) Total Assets: $11.495.00 (2) Total Liabilities: Net Worth (1)-(2): Total Liabilities and Net Worth: S
Total liabilities and net worth is equal to the total assets of the person. this balance sheet is balanced.
Total Liquid Assets:The total liquid assets of a person are calculated by adding the checking account balance, cash, and savings account balance. The total liquid assets of the person are $1,063.13.
Total Investments:To find the total investments of the person, we need to add the IRA account and retirement funds. Total investments of the person are $145,800.00+ $11,495.00 = $157,295.00Total Real Property:The total real property of the person is the primary residence. So, the total real property of the person is $145,800.00.
Total Personal:The total personal property of the person is the Honda Pilot. So, the total personal property of the person is $11,495.00.Total Assets:To find the total assets of the person, we need to add the total liquid assets, total investments, total real property, and total personal property. $1,063.13+$157,295.00+$145,800.00+$11,495.00 = $315,653.13Total Liabilities:To find the total liabilities of the person, we need to add the current liabilities and long-term liabilities.
Current liabilities are electric bills, water bills, insurance premiums, taxes, mortgage, auto, and MasterCard balance, i.e., $394.05 + $168.88 + $281.46 + $1,012.50 + $750.00 + $844.40 + $731.81 = $4,183.10. Long-term liabilities are the primary residence mortgage, which is $36,000.00. Total liabilities of the person are $4,183.10+$36,000.00 = $40,183.10.
Net Worth:To find the net worth of the person, we need to subtract the total liabilities from the total assets. Net worth of the person = $315,653.13 - $40,183.10 = $275,470.03Total Liabilities and Net Worth:Total liabilities and net worth can be obtained by adding total liabilities and net worth, which is $40,183.10 + $275,470.03 = $315,653.13, which is equal to the total assets of the person.
Hence, this balance sheet is balanced.
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Search for information about Walt Disney the ethical or
unethical behavior of its managers. What does this tell you about
its ethical stance?
While I don't have access to real-time information, as of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, there have been no major scandals or controversies involving Walt Disney Company that suggest unethical behavior by its managers. However, it's important to note that companies can face ethical challenges at various points in time, and it's always a good practice to stay updated on recent news and reports for the most accurate information.
Overall, Walt Disney Company has maintained a positive reputation for its commitment to ethical business practices. The company emphasizes integrity, transparency, and responsible conduct in its operations. Disney has implemented various initiatives related to corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and employee well-being.
Additionally, Disney has established a Code of Conduct and Business Standards that guide the behavior and decision-making of its employees and managers. The company also emphasizes compliance with applicable laws and regulations, ethical sourcing, and the protection of intellectual property rights.
It is important to conduct thorough research or refer to recent sources to gather up-to-date information on Walt Disney Company's ethical stance and any related developments, as ethical positions can evolve over time.
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Why do analysts need to consider different factors when evaluating a company’s ability to repay short-term versus long-term debt?
There are several reasons why analysts need to consider different factors when evaluating a company's ability to repay short-term versus long-term debt. Here is why:Short-term and long-term debts have varying durations.
Short-term debts are usually for one year or less, while long-term debts are typically more than a year. Additionally, the terms and conditions of these two debts differ in interest rates, payment schedules, and other variables. The ability to repay these debts is a crucial consideration in corporate finance.Investors and creditors evaluate the creditworthiness of a company by assessing its capacity to pay off debts. In general, the capacity to pay is determined by two factors: liquidity and solvency.
Short-term debts require a company to have adequate liquid resources to meet immediate obligations. On the other hand, long-term debts require solvency, which is the ability to meet obligations over an extended period.For this reason, analysts need to evaluate different factors when determining a company's ability to repay its debts. They need to assess the company's liquidity position and the ability to generate cash flow. If a company is unable to pay its short-term debts, this suggests that it has inadequate liquidity or insufficient current assets. Long-term debts, on the other hand, are paid out of earnings from future operations.
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You initially invest $4,000 into an account, and at the end of the first year, invest another $5,000. At the end of the third and fourth year you withdraw X from the account. For any withdrawal, there is penalty of 2% on the amount withdrawn. Find X if the account has $10,000 in it at the end of the fifth year, and the account earns an effective annual interest rate of 6% for the the entire five years.
Answer:
To solve this problem, we'll go step by step:
Step 1: Calculate the account balance after the first year.
The initial investment is $4,000, and at the end of the first year, you invest an additional $5,000. The interest rate for the entire five years is 6% per year, so the account balance after the first year would be:
$4,000 + $5,000 + 6% * ($4,000 + $5,000) = $4,000 + $5,000 + 0.06 * $9,000 = $4,000 + $5,000 + $540 = $9,540.
Step 2: Calculate the account balance after the second year.
The interest rate remains the same, so the account balance after the second year would be:
$9,540 + 6% * $9,540 = $9,540 + 0.06 * $9,540 = $9,540 + $572.4 = $10,112.4.
Step 3: Calculate the account balance after the third year.
At the end of the third year, you withdraw an amount X from the account, and there is a penalty of 2% on the amount withdrawn. So the account balance after the third year would be:
$10,112.4 - (X + 2% * X) = $10,112.4 - (X + 0.02X) = $10,112.4 - 1.02X.
Step 4: Calculate the account balance after the fourth year.
At the end of the fourth year, you withdraw another amount X from the account, and there is a penalty of 2% on the amount withdrawn. So the account balance after the fourth year would be:
($10,112.4 - 1.02X) - (X + 2% * X) = $10,112.4 - 1.02X - (X + 0.02X) = $10,112.4 - 1.02X - 1.02X = $10,112.4 - 2.04X.
Step 5: Calculate the account balance after the fifth year.
At the end of the fifth year, the account has $10,000. So we can set up the equation:
($10,112.4 - 2.04X) + 6% * ($10,112.4 - 2.04X) = $10,000.
Simplifying the equation:
$10,112.4 - 2.04X + 0.06 * ($10,112.4 - 2.04X) = $10,000.
Expanding and rearranging the equation:
$10,112.4 - 2.04X + 0.06 * $10,112.4 - 0.06 * 2.04X = $10,000.
$10,112.4 - 2.04X + $606.74 - 0.1224X = $10,000.
Combining like terms:
$10,719.14 - 2.1624X = $10,000.
Subtracting $10,719.14 from both sides:
-2.1624X = -$719.14.
Dividing by -2.1624:
X = $719.14 / 2.1624 ≈ $332.78.
Therefore, X is approximately $332.78.
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why would social media posts be included in discovery and litigation?
Social media posts can be included in the process of discovery and litigation for several reasons like Evidence of Statements or Actions, Corroboration or Contradiction, Impeachment of Credibility, Character Assessment and Preservation of Evidence.
Evidence of Statements or Actions: Social media posts can provide valuable evidence of statements, actions, or interactions that are relevant to a case.
Corroboration or Contradiction: Social media posts can corroborate or contradict claims made by the parties involved in litigation.
Impeachment of Credibility: Inconsistencies or contradictions between social media posts and a person's testimony or claims can be used to undermine their credibility.
Character Assessment: Social media posts can be used to assess a person's character or reputation. They may reveal patterns of behavior, attitudes, or prejudices that are relevant to the case, such as evidence of discrimination, harassment, or illegal activities.
Preservation of Evidence: Social media posts can serve as a means of preserving evidence. Given the ephemeral nature of social media content, capturing and documenting relevant posts ensures that they are not deleted or altered before they can be used as evidence.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) O cial ination data are often reliable.
(B) It is truly wonderful to simp! It's a vibe.
(C) The CPI includes producer goods.
(D) The GDP deator can be used to measure ination.
Among the given statements, the true statement is (D) The GDP deflator can be used to measure inflation.
The GDP deflator is a price index that measures the average level of prices for all final goods and services produced within an economy. It is commonly used as a broad measure of inflation because it reflects changes in the overall price level of the economy's output. By comparing the GDP deflator for different time periods, it is possible to estimate the rate of inflation or deflation.
On the other hand, the other statements are not true. (A) Official inflation data may not always be reliable as there can be measurement biases, methodological issues, or limitations in capturing all aspects of price changes. (B) The statement about simp vibes is unrelated and does not pertain to the question. (C) The Consumer Price Index (CPI), which is a commonly used measure of inflation, includes consumer goods and services, not producer goods.
In summary, the true statement is (D) The GDP deflator can be used to measure inflation, while the other statements (A), (B), and (C) are not accurate.
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Which country has a comparative advantage in gadgets? A. Both B. The United States C. Mexico D. Neither
To determine which country has a comparative advantage in gadgets, we need to consider several factors, including technological capabilities, skilled labor, infrastructure, and production costs.
Given the limited information provided, it is difficult to definitively identify the country with a comparative advantage in gadgets. However, I can provide some general insights:
A. Both: If both the United States and Mexico have developed a strong presence in the gadget industry, with advanced technological capabilities, skilled labor, and efficient production processes, they may both have a comparative advantage in gadgets. This scenario could arise if both countries have successfully invested in the necessary resources and have competitive advantages in different segments or aspects of the gadget market.
B. The United States: The United States is known for its technological innovation, research and development capabilities, and a robust tech industry. It is home to major gadget manufacturers and has a history of producing high-quality and cutting-edge gadgets. The country's strong infrastructure, access to capital, and skilled labor force contribute to its potential comparative advantage in the gadget industry.
C. Mexico: While Mexico may not be as synonymous with gadget production as the United States, it has a growing manufacturing sector and is a major exporter of electronics. Mexico has attracted foreign direct investment in electronics manufacturing due to its proximity to the United States, cost advantages, and skilled labor force. However, the extent of Mexico's comparative advantage would depend on specific factors such as the level of technological sophistication and efficiency of its gadget production.
D. Neither: If neither the United States nor Mexico has developed a significant comparative advantage in gadgets, it could suggest that other countries or regions, such as East Asian countries like China, Japan, or South Korea, might have a stronger position in the global gadget market.
Ultimately, determining the country with a comparative advantage in gadgets requires a more comprehensive analysis of various factors specific to the gadget industry and the countries in question.
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the expenses involved in going into business, such as buying a space and purchasing equipment, are examples of _____.a.marketing -up costsc.financial plansd.operating expenses
The expenses involved in going into business, such as buying a space and purchasing equipment, are examples of startup costs. So, option b is correct.
Startup costs refer to the initial expenses incurred when starting a new business or launching a new product/service. These costs are typically one-time or infrequent in nature and are associated with getting the business up and running.
Startup costs include various elements, such as:
1. Acquisition of assets: This includes the purchase or lease of physical assets like property, buildings, machinery, equipment, and vehicles necessary for the business operations.
2. Renovations and improvements: Costs associated with modifying or renovating the purchased or leased space to suit the business needs or comply with regulations.
3. Licenses and permits: Fees paid to obtain necessary licenses, permits, or certifications required to legally operate the business.
4. Initial inventory: The cost of purchasing initial inventory or raw materials to start production or to stock the shelves for retail businesses.
5. Legal and professional fees: Expenses incurred for legal advice, accounting services, consulting, or other professional services related to business setup.
6. Marketing and advertising: Costs associated with initial marketing efforts, including branding, website development, advertising campaigns, and promotional activities.
Startup costs are distinct from operating expenses, which are recurring costs necessary to keep the business running on an ongoing basis.
Financial plans are broader strategic considerations related to managing the financial aspects of the business, including budgeting, forecasting, and funding strategies.
So, option b is correct.
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The Deputy Chief Executive (DCE) is faced with a decision situation that can be described as a situation of 'uncertainty Which Decision-making model will be used in this decision situation?
In a situation of uncertainty, where there is a lack of information or an inability to predict outcomes with certainty, the Decision-making model that is commonly used is the Incremental Decision-making model.
The Incremental Decision-making model is characterized by making small, incremental changes and adjustments based on the available information and feedback.
It involves a step-by-step approach where decisions are made gradually, allowing for adjustments and modifications as new information becomes available. This model acknowledges the limitations of complete information and the complexity of the decision-making process.
In the case of the Deputy Chief Executive (DCE) facing a decision situation of uncertainty, the Incremental Decision-making model would be suitable.
The DCE can gather the available information, assess the potential outcomes and risks, and make a decision that is reasonable and achievable based on the existing knowledge. As more information becomes known, adjustments can be made to the decision, ensuring flexibility and adaptability in an uncertain environment.
In conclusion, the Incremental Decision-making model is appropriate for decision situations of uncertainty. It allows decision-makers to navigate through complex and uncertain circumstances by making gradual adjustments based on the available information.
This model enables flexibility and the ability to respond to changing conditions, increasing the chances of making effective decisions in uncertain environments.
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duncan: no more that thane of cawdor shall deceive our bosom interest: go pronounce his present death, and with his former title greet macbeth.
In this line from Shakespeare's play Macbeth, Duncan instructs someone to announce the death of the current Thane of Cawdor and to greet Macbeth with his new title, expressing his trust in Macbeth's loyalty.
In this line from Shakespeare's play Macbeth, King Duncan is addressing someone, most likely a messenger or an attendant, giving them specific instructions. He declares that the current Thane of Cawdor, who has betrayed their trust, should no longer deceive them. Duncan orders the messenger to announce the immediate death of the traitorous thane and simultaneously bestow his former title upon Macbeth. By doing so, Duncan is demonstrating his confidence in Macbeth's loyalty and rewarding him for his bravery and service. This line reflects the political dynamics and power struggles within the play, as well as the theme of deception and trust.
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What is the constraint for node 2 in the following maximal flow problem? +0 3 +0 +0 1 S N +0 a. X12+ X23+ X24 = 0 O b. X12-X23-X24 = 0 O c. X12 ≤4 O d. X12+ X13-X23 = 0 t
The correct constraint for node 2 in the given maximal flow problem is: X12 − X23 − X24 = 0.(B)
The maximal flow problem is represented using a graph that consists of vertices and edges. The vertices denote the supply or demand nodes, and the edges denote the flow capacity.
The objective is to find the maximum flow from the source node to the sink node while obeying the flow capacity of the edges and the supply-demand constraints of the vertices.In the given problem, the source node is S, and the sink node is N. Node 2 is a transshipment node that connects three edges, i.e., (1, 2), (2, 3), and (2, 4).
Since the incoming flow from edge (1, 2) must be equal to the outgoing flows of edges (2, 3) and (2, 4), we can write the constraint for node 2 as:X12 − X23 − X24 = 0
Therefore, option B, i.e., X12 − X23 − X24 = 0, is the correct answer.
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who is responsible for filling out shipping paperwork for asp hazmat familiarization and safety in trans?
The responsible person for filling out shipping paperwork for ASP Hazmat Familiarization and Safety in Trans is the "Shipper."
Shipper is responsible for filling out the shipping paperwork for ASP Hazmat Familiarization and Safety in Trans. The shipper should fill the required paperwork and ensure that it is properly labeled, packaged, and shipped according to the regulations. They need to know about the regulations regarding Hazardous Materials and learn how to identify, label, and package hazardous materials.
The Asp Hazmat Familiarization and Safety in Trans involves a series of courses that are meant to provide comprehensive training for people who are involved in shipping hazardous materials. These courses help to enhance the safety of workers, the environment, and the general public by ensuring that the hazardous materials are handled and transported safely.
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Daily Enterprises is purchasing a $10.3 million machine. It will cost $50,000 to transport and install the machine. The machine has a depreciable life of five years using straight-line depreciation and will have no salvage value. The machine will generate incremental revenues of $4.1 million per year along with incremental costs of $1.3 million per year. Daily's marginal tax rate is 35%. You are forecasting incremental free cash flows for Daily Enterprises. What are the incremental free cash flows associated with the new machine? The free cash flow for year 0 will be $ (Round to the nearest dollar) The free cash flow for years 1-5 will be $(Round to the nearest dollar)
The incremental free cash flow for year 0 will be -$10.35Million
The incremental free cash flow for year 1-5 will be $4.655Million
To calculate the incremental free cash flows associated with the new machine, we need to consider the initial investment, annual revenues, annual costs, depreciation, taxes, and salvage value.
Let's calculate the free cash flows:
Initial Investment:
Machine cost: $10.3 million
Transportation and installation cost: $50,000
Total initial investment: $10.35 million
Year 0:
Free cash flow for year 0 = Initial investment
Free cash flow for year 0 = -$10.35 million
Years 1-5:
Annual incremental revenue: $4.1 million
Annual incremental cost: $1.3 million
Depreciation expense: (Machine cost + Transportation and installation cost) / Depreciable life
Depreciation expense = ($10.3 million + $50,000) / 5
Depreciation expense = $2.1 million
Taxable income = Incremental revenue - Incremental cost - Depreciation expense
Taxable income = $4.1 million - $1.3 million - $2.1 million
Taxable income = $0.7 million
Taxes = Taxable income * Marginal tax rate
Taxes = $0.7 million * 35%
Taxes = $0.245 million
Free cash flow for years 1-5 = Incremental revenue - Incremental cost - Taxes + Depreciation expense
Free cash flow for years 1-5 = $4.1 million - $1.3 million - $0.245 million + $2.1 million
Free cash flow for year 1-5 year will be $4.655 million.
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Question 2
"Learned and absorbed during the earliest stage of childhood, reinforced by literature, history, religion, embodied by.... heroes and expressed in... Instinctive values and views, culture is a powerful force that shapes our thoughts and perception." Schell and Solomon
A. In light of the above quotation, assess research findings of Geert Hofstdede and Fons Trompenaars regarding national culture. (10 marks)
B. Compare and contrast the role of human resource management and international human resource management in performing human resource functions. (10 marks)
A. In light of the above quotation, assess research findings of Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars regarding national culture. In light of the quotation by Schell and Solomon, the Geert Hofstede's and Fons Trompenaars' findings are as follows :Geert Hofstede came up with the concept of five dimensions of national culture: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. Power distance refers to the degree of power held by individuals in a given society. Individualism refers to the degree of independence of individuals in a given society. Masculinity refers to the degree of aggressiveness, materialism, and success in a given society. Uncertainty avoidance refers to the degree of tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty in a given society. Long-term orientation refers to the degree of time orientation in a given society.
Fons Trompenaars' model has seven dimensions of national culture: universalism versus particularism, individualism versus communitarianism, neutral versus emotional, specific versus diffuse, achievement versus ascription, sequential versus synchronous, and internal versus external control. The first dimension, universalism versus particularism, refers to whether people rely on rules or relationships. The second dimension, individualism versus communitarianism, refers to the degree of independence of individuals in a given society. The third dimension, neutral versus emotional, refers to the level of emotional expression in a given society. The fourth dimension, specific versus diffuse, refers to the level of involvement in interpersonal relationships. The fifth dimension, achievement versus ascription, refers to the basis of status in a given society. The sixth dimension, sequential versus synchronous, refers to the pace of life in a given society. The seventh dimension, internal versus external control, refers to the level of control over the environment in a given society.
B. Compare and contrast the role of human resource management and international human resource management in performing human resource functions.The comparison and contrast between human resource management and international human resource management in performing human resource functions are as follows:
Human resource management (HRM) is the management of an organization's employees. HRM focuses on managing human resources in order to maximize employee performance and meet organizational goals. HRM activities include job analysis, workforce planning, recruitment, selection, orientation, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation, and employee relations. International human resource management (IHRM) is the process of managing human resources in a multinational corporation. IHRM focuses on managing human resources in a global context in order to achieve organizational goals. IHRM activities include expatriate management, international training and development, international compensation and benefits, global performance management, cross-cultural communication, and legal compliance.IHRM has additional challenges in comparison to HRM, such as cultural differences, language barriers, different labor laws and regulations, and expatriate management. However, IHRM can provide a competitive advantage by developing a global workforce and creating a diverse and inclusive work environment.
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Give an example of an impure public good. You should give examples that we have not covered in class. State what elements of this impure public good that are private and which ones are public in nature.
An example of an impure public good that has both private and public elements is healthcare. While healthcare is often considered a public good due to its societal impact and the fact that it benefits the general population, it also has private components.
The private elements of healthcare include individual access to medical services, such as visiting a doctor, receiving specialized treatments, or undergoing surgery. These aspects are typically exclusive to the individual seeking healthcare and are subject to personal preferences, needs, and choices. In many healthcare systems, individuals have the freedom to choose their healthcare providers and treatment options based on their personal circumstances. On the other hand, healthcare also possesses public characteristics. Public health initiatives, preventive measures, and health awareness campaigns aim to improve the overall well-being of the population. These initiatives focus on disease prevention, promoting healthy lifestyles, and educating the public about potential health risks. Public funding is often allocated for public healthcare infrastructure, research and development, and ensuring the availability of essential services to the general population.
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When Josie left her old job - at age 47, she transferred $62,000 into an IRA account at the credit union of her new employer. The money has been invested there for the last 18 years, and now Josie is ready to retire. Her account has been earning 6% interest, compounded quarterly during the entire time. How much money can Josie take out in a lump-sum right now? Suppose that Josie has $130,000 left after taxes from her IRA. She puts the entire balance into a savings account at a local bank, where she invests it at a 5% nominal rate, compounded monthly. To supplement her social security pension, she wants to take monthly payments of $1,000 at the end of each month as long as the money lasts. How many months will she be able to do so? At the end of the year, Josie's accountant asks her what effective rate of interest she is earning at the bank. It may be possible for her to switch banks in order to get a better rate. What should Josie tell her accountant?
Josie can take a lump sum of approximately $193,694 from her IRA account at the credit union. After transferring the remaining $130,000 to a savings account at the local bank, she will be able to take monthly payments of $1,000 for approximately 55 months. The effective rate of interest Josie is earning at the bank is approximately 5.12%.
To calculate the lump sum amount Josie can take from her IRA account, we use the formula for compound interest: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years. In this case, Josie's principal amount is $62,000, the annual interest rate is 6%, compounded quarterly (so n = 4), and she has invested the money for 18 years (t = 18). Plugging in these values, we find A = 62,000(1 + 0.06/4)^(4*18) ≈ $193,694.
After taxes, Josie has $130,000 remaining, which she invests in a savings account at a local bank with a nominal interest rate of 5% compounded monthly. To calculate the number of months she can receive $1,000 payments, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity: FV = PMT((1 + r/n)^(nt) - 1)/(r/n), where FV is the future value, PMT is the payment amount, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years. In this case, PMT is $1,000, the annual interest rate is 5%, compounded monthly (so n = 12), and Josie wants to make payments until the money runs out. We need to find t. Rearranging the formula, we get t = log(1 + (r/n)(FV/(PMT(n/r) + 1))) / (n * log(1 + (r/n))). Plugging in the values, we find t ≈ 55 months.
To calculate the effective rate of interest Josie is earning at the bank, we can use the formula: i = (1 + r/n)^(n) - 1, where i is the effective interest rate. In this case, the nominal interest rate is 5%, compounded monthly (so n = 12). Plugging in the values, we find i ≈ 5.12%. Therefore, Josie can tell her accountant that she is earning an effective rate of interest of approximately 5.12% at the bank.
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Project cash flows where there is an investment today followed by future cash flows, all of which are positive, are defined as: O A. Independent B. Mutually exclusive O C. Conventional O D. Random
Project cash flows where there is an investment today followed by future cash flows, all of which are positive, are defined as C. Conventional
Conventional cash flows are project cash flows when there is an investment today followed by future positive cash flows.
The first investment in a typical cash flow pattern is negative (an outflow) at time 0, while the successive cash flows are positive (inflows) in the succeeding periods.
These cash flows follow a typical pattern where a project begins with an initial investment or cost and then over time as the business moves forward, positive cash flows are produced.
Traditional cash flow examples include capital investments, where a one-time investment is made to purchase assets or build a project, and positive cash flows are then produced by the use of or sale of those assets in the future.
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b) At the end of 2018, the Deperror Group reported that its Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) had an original cost of £3,000 million and that accumulated depreciation was £1,200 million. The Deperror Group depreciates its Property, Plant and Equipment on a straight-line basis under the assumption that the assets have an average useful life of 10 years with a residual value/salvage value (i.e., value at the end of useful life) of 10% of the original cost.
The Deperror Group's depreciation expense for the Property, Plant, and Equipment for the year 2018 is £270 million, and the carrying value of the PPE at the end of the year 2018 is £1,800 million.
The following are the calculations of depreciation expense and carrying value of PPE of the Deperror Group at the end of 2018 based on the given information:
Annual depreciation expense = (Original cost - Residual value) / Useful life
Annual depreciation expense = (£3,000 million - (£3,000 million × 10%)) / 10
Annual depreciation expense = (£3,000 million - £300 million) / 10
Annual depreciation expense = £2,700 million / 10
Annual depreciation expense = £270 million
Calculation of carrying value of PPE
Carrying value of PPE = Original cost - Accumulated depreciation
Carrying value of PPE = £3,000 million - £1,200 million
Carrying value of PPE = £1,800 million
Therefore, the Deperror Group's depreciation expense for the Property, Plant, and Equipment for the year 2018 is £270 million, and the carrying value of the PPE at the end of the year 2018 is £1,800 million.
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d. What is the yield of the following bond if interest (coupon) is paid monthly? (Round to two decimal places Par Value Coupon Rate Years to Maturity Yield to Maturity Price $5,000.00 7% 15 % $5,400.0
To calculate the yield of the bond, we can use the bond yield formula:
Yield = (Annual Coupon Payment / Price) * (1 / Years to Maturity)
Where:
Annual Coupon Payment = Par Value * Coupon Rate
Price = Current price of the bond
Years to Maturity = Number of years until the bond matures
In this case, the Par Value is $5,000.00, the Coupon Rate is 7%, the Years to Maturity is 15 years, and the Price is $5,400.00.
First, let's calculate the Annual Coupon Payment:
Annual Coupon Payment = Par Value * Coupon Rate
Annual Coupon Payment = $5,000.00 * 0.07
Annual Coupon Payment = $350.00
Next, let's calculate the yield:
Yield = (Annual Coupon Payment / Price) * (1 / Years to Maturity)
Yield = ($350.00 / $5,400.00) * (1 / 15)
Yield ≈ 0.0648
Therefore, the yield of the bond, assuming the interest (coupon) is paid monthly, is approximately 6.48%.
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In a globalized world, we need to be able to look beyond our own performance to make sure we are leading the pack. It isn't enough to measure success on the back of a scorecard, nor is it enough to benchmark education and training against past accomplishments. Give your opinions about this statement.
In a globalized world, merely benchmarking against past accomplishments is insufficient. To stay ahead, it is essential to look beyond these traditional metrics and adopt a broader perspective.
In today's interconnected and rapidly changing world, success cannot be evaluated solely based on individual performance or comparing achievements to past standards. Globalization has increased competition and created new challenges that demand a broader outlook.
To truly excel in a globalized world, it is necessary to embrace a mindset of continuous learning, collaboration, and cross-cultural understanding. This means looking beyond traditional measures of success and being open to new perspectives and approaches. It involves embracing diversity, leveraging technology, and actively seeking insights from various industries and regions.
In essence, success in a globalized world requires a proactive and forward-thinking mindset that goes beyond conventional performance measures and historical benchmarks. It involves constantly seeking growth, learning from diverse sources, and adapting to the ever-evolving global landscape.
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What is the "Big O" for putting away dishes? Can you improve on your fellow coworker's processes making them have smaller Big O? How about other day-to-day tasks?
The Big O notation is a mathematical symbol that is commonly used to describe how long an algorithm takes to run in terms of input size. In other words, it's a way of measuring the performance of algorithms.
When it comes to putting away dishes, the Big O would depend on a number of factors, such as the size of the kitchen, the number of dishes, and the organization of the cabinets.If you want to improve on your fellow coworker's processes to make them have a smaller Big O, you could try rearranging the cabinets to make them more accessible or come up with a more efficient system for organizing the dishes. For example, you could group all the plates together, all the cups together, and all the silverware together to make it easier to find what you need. You could also label the cabinets so that everyone knows where everything goes. Additionally, you could encourage everyone to clean up as they go, so that there are fewer dishes to put away at the end of the day. This would help reduce the time it takes to complete the task.Other day-to-day tasks can also benefit from a more efficient system. For instance, if you work in an office, you could try to optimize the layout of the workspace to make it easier to find documents or supplies. You could also create a filing system that is easy to use and maintain. If you work in retail, you could try to streamline the checkout process to make it faster for customers to pay. You could also organize the store in a way that makes it easier for customers to find what they're looking for.Overall, the Big O notation can be a helpful way of thinking about how to optimize day-to-day tasks. By looking for ways to reduce the time it takes to complete a task, you can improve efficiency and productivity.
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If you deposit $6,000 in a bank account that pays 7% interest annually, how much will be in your account after 5 years? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent. $
If you deposit $6,000 in a bank account that pays 7% interest annually, then $8,399.49 will be in your account after 5 years.
By using the formula for compound interest, with an initial deposit of $6,000, an annual interest rate of 7% (0.07 as a decimal), and a compounding frequency of once per year, we can calculate the final amount after 5 years. Plugging these values into the formula:
A = $6,000 * (1 + 0.07/1)^(1 * 5)
A = $6,000 * (1.07)^5
A = $6,000 * 1.402551
A = $8,415.30 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Therefore, after 5 years, there will be approximately $8,415.30 in your bank account.
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Unida Systems has 40 million shares outstanding trading for $12 per share. In addition, Unida has $82 million in outstanding debt. Suppose Unida's equity cost of capital is 17%, its debt cost of capital is 8%, and the corporate tax rate is 34%.
a. What is Unida's unlevered cost of capital?
b. What is Unida's after-tax debt cost of capital?
c. What is Unida's weighted average cost of capital?
a. What is Unida's unlevered cost of capital?
Unida's unlevered cost of capital is __%. (Round to one decimal place.)
b. What is Unida's after-tax debt cost of capital?
Unida's after-tax debt cost of capital is ___%. (Round to one decimal place.)
c. What is Unida's weighted average cost of capital?
Unida's weighted average cost of capital is ____%. (Round to one decimal place.)
Unida's unlevered cost of capital is 17%. Unida's after-tax debt cost of capital is 5.28%. Unida's weighted average cost of capital is 11.76%.
To calculate Unida's unlevered cost of capital, we need to find the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) without considering the effects of debt.
a.
Unida's unlevered cost of capital (Ke):
Unlevered cost of capital refers to the cost of capital for a company with no debt. Since Unida has no debt, its unlevered cost of capital is equal to its equity cost of capital.
Unida's unlevered cost of capital (Ke) = 17%
b.
Unida's after-tax debt cost of capital (Kd):
To calculate the after-tax debt cost of capital, we need to consider the tax shield provided by the interest expense. The after-tax debt cost of capital is calculated as follows:
After-tax debt cost of capital (Kd) = Debt cost of capital * (1 - Tax rate)
= 8% * (1 - 34%)
= 5.28%
c.
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC):
The weighted average cost of capital is the average cost of capital for both equity and debt, taking into account their respective weights. The formula to calculate WACC is as follows:
WACC = (Equity weight * Ke) + (Debt weight * Kd)
To calculate the weights, we need to find the market values of equity and debt. Given that Unida has 40 million shares outstanding trading at $12 per share and $82 million in outstanding debt, we can calculate the weights as follows:
Equity weight = (Shares outstanding * Share price) / (Shares outstanding * Share price + Debt)
= (40 million * $12) / ((40 million * $12) + $82 million)
= 0.318
Debt weight = Debt / (Shares outstanding * Share price + Debt)
= $82 million / ((40 million * $12) + $82 million)
= 0.682
Now we can substitute the values into the WACC formula:
WACC = (0.318 * 17%) + (0.682 * 5.28%)
= 11.76%
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A PESTE analysis undertaken by Volkswagen Motors reveals that global warming will continue to rise in the foreseeable future. Discuss whether this should be regarded as a threat or an opportunity by Volkswagen. Motivate your answer. (NB: Do not argue that it should be regarded as both a threat and an opportunity)
Global warming continues to rise and should be regarded as a threat by Volkswagen.
The increasing trend of global warming poses several challenges and risks to the automotive industry, including Volkswagen. As a major player in the industry, Volkswagen needs to address the potential negative impacts of global warming, such as stricter environmental regulations, shifting consumer preferences towards eco-friendly vehicles, and the need to reduce carbon emissions. Failure to adapt and respond effectively to these challenges could result in reputational damage, legal consequences, and loss of market share. Therefore, it is crucial for Volkswagen to view global warming as a threat and take proactive measures to mitigate its effects, such as investing in sustainable technologies, developing electric and hybrid vehicles, and promoting environmentally friendly practices throughout their operations.
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Suppose a single-product monopoly facing a linear demand q = a
p with a > 0. The monopoly incurs a constant marginal cost 0 < c
< a and has no
fixed cost.
Q4) Determine the inverse demand expressing p as a function of q.
Q5) Determine the marginal revenue.
Q6) Determine the consumer surplus at the profit maximizing quantity.
Suppose a single-product monopoly facing a linear demand q = a p with a > 0. The monopoly incurs a constant marginal cost 0 < c < a and has no fixed cost.
Inverse demand expresses p as a function of q:The inverse demand expressing p as a function of q is given as:$$p(q) = \frac {a}{q}$$Marginal Revenue (MR):The marginal revenue is the additional revenue generated by producing and selling one more unit of the product. The marginal revenue formula is given by:$$MR = p(1 - \frac {1}{E})$$where p is the price of the product, and E is the price elasticity of demand.Marginal revenue for a monopolist is obtained as:$$MR = \frac {dTR}{dq} = a(1 - \frac {c}{a}) - \frac {aq}{a - c}$$Therefore, the marginal revenue is given as:$$MR = a(1 - \frac {q}{a - c})$$Consumer Surplus (CS):The consumer surplus is the difference between the amount that the consumers are willing to pay and the amount that they actually pay.Suppose q is the profit-maximizing quantity, and P is the price charged by the monopolist. Let the demand curve be given as:$$q = a - P$$Consumer surplus is given as:$$CS = \int_{0}^{q} P(q) dq$$where P(q) is the inverse demand curve obtained from q = a - P.Substituting for P(q), we have:$$CS = \int_{0}^{q} (\frac {a}{q} - c) dq$$Therefore, the consumer surplus is given as:$$CS = a \ln (\frac {a}{q}) - a + cq$$At the profit-maximizing quantity q, we have:$$MR = MC$$Solving for q, we get:$$q = \frac {a - c}{2}$$Therefore, the price is obtained as:$$P = \frac {a}{2}$$Hence, the consumer surplus is:$$CS = \frac {a^2}{4c}$$
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Q4) Inverse demand expressing p as a function of q. The inverse demand expresses p as a function of q for the single-product monopoly facing a linear demand as, `p(q) = a - (q/a)` or `p(q) = (a/q) - c`.
Q5) Marginal revenue. The marginal revenue for a single-product monopoly facing a linear demand is given by
MR = p(q) - (dp/dq)q.
Here, p(q) is the inverse demand function derived above; it becomes `
p(q) = a - (q/a)`.
So, `dp/dq` = -1/a
The marginal revenue, MR = a - 2q/a
Q6) Consumer surplus at the profit-maximizing quantity. The profit-maximizing quantity for a single-product monopoly facing a linear demand is given by
`q* = (a-c)/2`
Substitute `q*` in the inverse demand function to find the price as,`
p(q*) = a/2 + c/2`
The consumer surplus at the profit-maximizing quantity `q*` is, `CS
= 0.5*(a-p(q*))q*`
Therefore, `CS = 0.5*[(a-c)/2]²` which simplifies to `CS = [(a-c)/4]²
Single-product monopoly occurs when a single firm is the only producer of a specific product and has no close substitutes. Linear demand refers to a relationship between price and quantity demanded, whereby quantity demanded changes linearly with changes in price. The inverse demand function expresses price as a function of quantity demanded. The inverse demand function for a single-product monopoly facing a linear demand is found to be `p(q) = a - (q/a)`.
Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue resulting from a one-unit increase in output. The marginal revenue for a single-product monopoly facing a linear demand is derived to be MR = a - 2q/a.
The consumer surplus is the difference between the maximum amount a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service and the amount they actually pay. The consumer surplus at the profit-maximizing quantity is calculated to be `CS = [(a-c)/4]²`.
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Which is a key organizational complementary asset?
In organizational behavior, a complementary asset is defined as an asset that is required to get the most out of an organization's existing assets.
Complementary assets are essential to ensuring that an organization's operations are successful and that its assets are working together in an efficient and effective manner. The term is used to describe assets that are complementary to other assets within the organization, such as employees, technology, and infrastructure. The following are some of the key organizational complementary assets that are essential to the success of an organization:
Human resources - An organization's human resources are its most valuable asset. The success of an organization is dependent on the talent, skills, and expertise of its employees. A good human resources department can help an organization identify and recruit the best talent, develop and train employees, and ensure that the organization is compliant with labor laws and regulations.
Technology - Technology is an essential complementary asset that is required to ensure that an organization's operations are efficient and effective. Technology can help an organization automate its processes, streamline its operations, and enhance its overall productivity.
Infrastructure - An organization's infrastructure is a key complementary asset that is required to ensure that its operations run smoothly. An organization's infrastructure includes its buildings, equipment, and other physical assets that are required to support its operations.
The above information can be summarized as the key organizational complementary asset are human resources, technology, and infrastructure that are essential to the success of an organization. It should be noted that an organization's complementary assets may vary depending on its industry, size, and other factors.
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An investment that has a maturity value of $4,200 and is discounted 3 years and 6 months before maturity at 3.40% compounded semi-annually.
a. Calculate the discounted value of the investment.
b. Calculate the amount by which the money is discounted.
The amount by which the money is discounted is $622.37.
Given, maturity value of investment = $4200
Discount rate = 3.4%
Compounding Semi-annually.
We need to find the discounted value of the investment and the amount by which the money is discounted.
Let P be the present worth of $4200 payable after 3 years 6 months at 3.4% per annum compounded semi-annually.
We need to find the discounted value of the investment and the amount by which the money is discounted. Then, we have
[tex]PV = FV/(1 + r/2)^(2t)PV = $4200/(1 + 0.034/2)^(2*3.5)PV = $3577.63[/tex]
Thus, the discounted value of the investment is $3577.63We can calculate the amount by which the money is discounted by simply subtracting the discounted value from the maturity valueAmount by which the money is discounted = Maturity Value - Discounted Value
Amount by which the money is discounted = $4200 - $3577.63 = $622.37
Thus, the amount by which the money is discounted is $622.37.
Note:Investment: An investment is an asset or item acquired with the objective of generating income or appreciation. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the future to generate wealth. Investment can also refer to the accumulation of machinery and inventory, which is called fixed investment.
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1. Describe the role and function of the High Court of
Australia. (5 marks)
Take your time and make sure your answer is correct and without
plagiarism
The High Court of Australia is the highest court in the Australian judicial system and plays a crucial role in interpreting and applying the law.
Its primary function is to serve as the final appellate court, hearing appeals from lower courts, including state and federal courts. The High Court ensures consistency in legal interpretation, resolves legal disputes of national importance, and maintains the integrity of the Australian legal system.
Additionally, the High Court has constitutional powers and serves as the guardian of the Australian Constitution. It has the authority to determine the constitutional validity of laws and acts as a check on the legislative and executive branches of government. Through its decisions, the High Court shapes the development of constitutional and legal principles, setting precedents that guide future cases and the interpretation of the law.
Overall, the High Court of Australia acts as the ultimate arbiter of justice, safeguarding the rule of law and upholding the principles of the Australian legal system.
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Feather Friends, Incorporated, distributes a high-quality wooden birdhouse that sells for $120 per unit. Variable expenses are $60.00 per unit, and fixed expenses total $200,000 per year. Its operatin
1. The product's CM ratio is 50%, indicating that 50% of each sales dollar contributes towards covering fixed expenses and generating profit.
2. The break-even point in dollar sales is $320,000, which is the level of sales needed to cover all expenses and result in zero net operating income.
3. If this year's sales increase by $55,000 with no change in fixed expenses, the net operating income will increase by $27,500, calculated based on the CM ratio.
4. The degree of operating leverage based on last year's sales is 1.11. Assuming a 15% increase in sales, the net operating income is expected to increase by 16.65% based on the degree of operating leverage.
5. Implementing the sales manager's suggestions would require further analysis considering the potential increase in unit sales, the impact on net operating income, and other factors such as market conditions and profitability.
6. To maintain the same net operating income as last year, the president can increase advertising expenses by $108,571.43 while increasing the sales commission by $2.20 per unit and assuming a 25% increase in sales.
1. The product's CM ratio is 50%. (Contribution Margin / Sales = $1,620,000 / $3,240,000 = 0.5)
2. The break-even point in dollar sales can be calculated by dividing the fixed expenses by the CM ratio. ($160,000 / 0.5 = $320,000)
3. If this year's sales increase by $55,000 and fixed expenses remain the same, the net operating income will increase by $27,500. (CM ratio x Increase in Sales = 0.5 x $55,000 = $27,500)
4-a. The degree of operating leverage based on last year's sales can be calculated by dividing the contribution margin by the net operating income. ($1,620,000 / $1,460,000 = 1.11)
4-b. Assuming a 15% increase in sales, the percentage increase in net operating income can be calculated by multiplying the degree of operating leverage by the percentage increase in sales. (1.11 x 15% = 16.65%)
5. a. If the sales manager's suggestions are implemented, the net operating income can be calculated by adjusting the unit sales, selling price, and advertising expenses accordingly based on the given information.
b. The recommendation to implement the sales manager's suggestions would depend on the analysis of the potential increase in unit sales and the impact on net operating income. Other factors such as market conditions, competitors' actions, and overall profitability should also be considered.
6. To maintain the same net operating income of $1,460,000 as last year, the president can increase advertising expenses by $108,571.43 while increasing the sales commission by $2.20 per unit and assuming a 25% increase in sales. This can be calculated by dividing the increase in net operating income ($27,500) by the CM ratio (0.5) minus the increase in the sales commission ($2.20) per unit. ($27,500 / (0.5 - $2.20) = $108,571.43)
The complete question must be:
Feather Friends, Inc., distributes a high-quality wooden birdhouse that sells for $120 per unit. Variable expenses are $60.00 per unit, and fixed expenses total $160,000 per year. Its operating results for last year were as follows:
Sales $ 3,240,000
Variable expenses 1,620,000
Contribution margin 1,620,000
Fixed expenses 160,000
Net operating income $ 1,460,000
Required:
Answer each question independently based on the original data:
1. What is the product's CM ratio?
2. Use the CM ratio to determine the break-even point in dollar sales.
3. If this year's sales increase by $55,000 and fixed expenses do not change, how much will net operating income increase?
4-a. What is the degree of operating leverage based on last year's sales?
4-b. Assume the president expects this year's sales to increase by 15%. Using the degree of operating leverage from last year, what percentage increase in net operating income will the company realize this year?
5. The sales manager is convinced that a 11% reduction in the selling price, combined with a $64,000 increase in advertising, would increase this year's unit sales by 25%.
a. If the sales manager is right, what would be this year's net operating income if his ideas are implemented?
b. Do you recommend implementing the sales manager's suggestions?
6. The president does not want to change the selling price. Instead, he wants to increase the sales commission by $2.20 per unit. He thinks that this move, combined with some increase in advertising, would increase this year's sales by 25%. How much could the president increase this year's advertising expense and still earn the same $1,460,000 net operating income as last year?
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