1. Existence and territorial extent of states:
Example: The United States of America is a sovereign state located in North America with a territorial extent that includes 50 states, the District of Columbia, and various other territories and possessions.
2. Political history of states:
Example: The political history of the United Kingdom includes the reigns of various monarchs, the establishment of the parliamentary system, and the formation of the British Empire.
3. Forms of government and symbols of nationality:
Example: The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, and its national symbols include the flag, anthem, and imperial crest.
4. Law of nations:
Example: The law of nations, also known as international law, governs the relations between nations and includes treaties, customs, and general principles of law.
5. Admiralty and maritime courts of the world and their seals:
Example: The United States has admiralty and maritime courts, which are specialized courts that hear cases related to maritime law, and their seals typically include an anchor or ship motif.
6. Political constitution and history of the Philippines:
Example: The political constitution of the Philippines is a presidential representative democratic republic, and its history includes periods of Spanish and American colonization as well as a struggle for independence.
7. Official acts of the legislative, executive and judicial departments of the Philippines:
Example: The official acts of the legislative, executive, and judicial departments of the Philippines include the passage of laws, the issuance of executive orders, and the rendering of judicial decisions.
8. Laws of nature:
Example: The laws of nature are scientific principles that describe the behavior of the physical world, such as the laws of gravity, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.
9. Measure of time:
Example: The measure of time includes units such as seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years, which are used to quantify the duration of events and the passage of time.
10. Geographical divisions:
Example: Geographical divisions include various types of landforms, such as continents, countries, regions, states, provinces, cities, and bodies of water, which are used to describe and organize the Earth's surface.
What are the different forms of government and how do they differ from each other?The main forms of government are democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, and oligarchy. They differ in terms of who holds power, how decisions are made, and the degree of citizen participation.
To know more about Sovereign visit:
brainly.com/question/30500362
#SPJ1
Under the Articles, the national government included a way to make, enforce and interpret laws.a. trueb. false
What are the four 4 elements of negligence?
The four elements of negligence in the individuals within an organization, include,
breach of dutyduty of carecausation, and damagesThe negligence is an element that can be referred to or considered as the one wherein the utmost mistake and erroneous behavior of an individual is being defined and identified. Thus, more often than not, an individual must try not to commit to any of the four elements of negligence in an organizational environment that have been provided above to stay aware of the consequences.
Learn more about negligence here:
https://brainly.com/question/12177947
#SPJ4
what was one technique used by black and white activists to call attention to their demands?
Bus trips through the South promoting civil rights was one of the technique used by black and white activists to call attention to their demands.
The activists used buses as the mode of transportation in order to attract attention of the government so that the civil rights of the blacks so they can get a respectable position in the society. The civil rights movement in the south broke the pattern of public facilities being segregated by race in the South and achieved the ideology of equal-rights legislation for African Americans since the reforming period. Finally the Civil Rights Act of 1964 came into being that lead to end of legal Jim Crow. It safeguarded the African Americans rights and equal access to public facilities such as restaurants, transport, offices. It also helped in breaking down the barrier at work place for women who were earlier mocked.
To know more about "civil rights" visit-
brainly.com/question/8054690
#SPJ4
In response to growing concerns about the overcrowding of landfills with scrap metal, Congress passed a statute requiring all unwanted vehicles to be disposed of at federally licensed auto-recycling facilities. These facilities were able to recycle more components of vehicles than most other recycling facilities. However, due to the high operating costs of these facilities, the cost of disposing the vehicles was much higher than the cost of disposing them at general purpose recycling facilities. A state wants to dispose of its fleet of decommissioned trucks at a state-operated recycling facility. However, this facility is not federally licensed. Is the state permitted to dispose of its decommissioned trucks at the state-operated facility?
Answers:
No, because the federal statute was passed pursuant to Congress's power to legislate for the general welfare.
No, because the federal statute regulates interstate commerce.
Yes, because the market-participant exception applies.
Yes, because there is a presumption against preemption in an area governed by the state's police power.
No, the state is not permitted to dispose of its decommissioned trucks at the state-operated facility because the federal statute requires all unwanted vehicles to be disposed of at federally licensed auto-recycling facilities.
The federal statute was enacted under Congress's jurisdiction to legislate for the general welfare, and it governs the disposal of unwanted automobiles in order to address concerns about landfill congestion. The market-participant exception, which permits a state to favour its own products or services while acting as a market player, does not applicable in this case because the state is operating as a regulator rather than a market participant. Furthermore, because the federal Act was passed under the Trade Clause, which provides Congress the right to regulate interstate commerce, there is no presumption against preemption in an area covered by the state's police power.
For such more question on federally:
https://brainly.com/question/4503841
#SPJ4
In the United States, what recourse does an accused person have in case he or she cannot afford a private defense lawyer?a) The government will provide an attorney to the accused free of charge.b) The accused will have to spend his or her time in jail until he or she can obtain enough money to afford an attorney.c) He or she will have to defend himself or herself when the trial starts.d) A public defender will be appointed to the accused by the government for a nominal fee.
In the United States, an accused person who cannot afford a private defense lawyer the government will provide an attorney to the accused free of charge. (Option A)
In the US, if an accused person cannot afford a private defense lawyer, a public defender will be appointed to them by the government for free. This is outlined in the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees the right to counsel for criminal defendants.
It is important to note that the right to counsel does not mean that an accused person is entitled to the lawyer of their choice, but rather that they are entitled to effective assistance of counsel. If an accused person is deemed indigent, or unable to afford a private defense lawyer, the government will appoint a public defender to represent them. Public defenders are attorneys who are employed by the government specifically to provide legal representation to those who cannot afford it.
In summary, an accused person in the United States who cannot afford a private defense lawyer will be provided with a public defender by the government at no cost to them.
Learn more about Right to counsel:
https://brainly.com/question/17649565
#SPJ11
how do certifying officers ensure system integrity?
Certifying officers are required to carry out a number of actions to ensure system integrity. They must first determine which aspects of the system are crucial to its proper operation.
Second, they must create methods and tests to determine whether these vital features are present and operating as intended.
Thirdly, they need to keep an eye on the system throughout time to make sure it keeps working properly. Finally, if any issues are found, they must take corrective action. The VA will reverse its initial rejection of benefits and grant them to the veteran if the certifying officer can convincingly refute the presumption of carelessness.
To learn more about Certifying officers visit;
https://brainly.com/question/30245424
#SPJ4
which amendments address the rights of the accused? a) The fourth amandement. b) The fifth amandement. c) The sixth amandement. d) The seventh amandement
The sixth amendment of the constitution of United States address the rights of the accused.
Hence, the correct option is C.
The amendment was ratified in houses in the year 1791 by the required three-fourths majority of states, and the 6th amendment of the constitution of United States protects the rights of the criminal defendants or accused. It includes the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to know about accused and the nature of the charges and evidence against the accused. It addresses an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed.
To know more about "sixth amendment" visit-
brainly.com/question/3044508
#SPJ4
part ii offenses do not include group of a) vagrancy. b) dui. c) gambling.
Part II offences do not include arson. (Option D).
The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program has classified crimes according to their seriousness into two groups. Part I offences refer to group of serious crimes that happen on a regular basis and are likely to be reported to law enforcement. These offences include murder, assault, arson, larceny, robbery, identity theft, etc.
On the other hand, Part II offences are less serious crimes that are punishable by a fine of less than $5,000 or a prison term of less than six months. These include offences such as gambling, DUI, vagrancy, fraud, substance abuse, vandalism, disorderly conduct, embezzlement, etc. Hence, arson does not belong to the group of part II offences.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Part II offences do not include a) vagrancy, b) DUI, c) gambling, d) arson.
Learn more about Part I offenses:
https://brainly.com/question/28488489
#SPJ11
Because a donee beneficiary is merely receiving a gift, a donee beneficiary cannot win a lawsuit if the contract is not performed. True or False?
The given statement is false. Because a donee beneficiary is merely receiving a gift, a donee beneficiary cannot win a lawsuit if the contract is not performed.
What Is a Donee Beneficiary?
The donee beneficiary differs from other categories of third-party beneficiaries because of their connection to the contract's parties. Specifically, a donee beneficiary's claim to receive benefits under the contract is treated as a gift from one of the parties to the contract. In the case of a 5 by 5 Power in Trust, donee beneficiaries are also permitted to incorporate the promised assets into their own inheritance.
Donee Beneficiaries have the legal right to request benefits promised to them once their rights to the contract have accrued, just like in other circumstances involving third-party beneficiaries. They differ from creditor beneficiaries in that they may bring legal action only after being made aware of the contracts or intended benefits.
To learn more about donee beneficiary visit;
https://brainly.com/question/30666977
#SPJ4
Who was the designated survivor for the State of the Union?
For the 2021 State of the Union, the designated survivor was Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg.
The designated survivor is a member of the president’s cabinet who is not in attendance at the State of the Union address in order to ensure continuity of government in the event of a catastrophic event.
The designated survivor is typically chosen from a member of the president's cabinet who is not affiliated with the president's political party. The designated survivor is taken to an undisclosed location, where they remain until the end of the address.
To learn more about catastrophic event link is here
brainly.com/question/30634248
#SPJ4
According to Chapter 9 of americas courts and the criminal justice system, what inroads has the victims’ rights movement made regarding changes in the criminal justice system and process? Victim assistance and victim compensation programs are well established in many jurisdictions, but are they enough to compensate victims for their losses?
According to Chapter 9 of "America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System," the victims' rights movement has made significant inroads in terms of changes in the criminal justice system and process. One of the key changes brought about by the victims' rights movement is the recognition of the rights of crime victims, including the right to be informed about their case, the right to be heard in court, and the right to receive protection from further harm.
Victim assistance and victim compensation programs have been established in many jurisdictions to help compensate victims for their losses. These programs provide financial and other support to crime victims to help them recover from the emotional and financial toll of crime. However, these programs are not always enough to fully compensate victims for their losses.
In some cases, victims may still face significant financial losses, including lost wages, medical expenses, and property damage. Furthermore, the emotional toll of crime can be long-lasting and difficult to quantify, making it difficult to compensate victims for their losses.
Despite these challenges, the victims' rights movement has made important progress in recognizing the rights and needs of crime victims and in providing support and compensation to help them recover from the impact of crime. However, much work remains to be done to ensure that all crime victims are adequately compensated for their losses and that the criminal justice system is fully responsive to the needs of victims.
Refer to your Who is Sonia Sotomayor? book for a complete version of this text.
Part A
Where can readers find more information about the job of a Supreme Court justice?
A. an illustration of the judges in Chapter 9
B. a text box in Chapter 9
C. an illustration of Sonia and a judge in Chapter 9
D. a text box in Chapter 7
Part B
How does the feature identified in Part A contribute to readers’ understanding of the topic?
A. It depicts a swearing-in ceremony showing that justices must take an oath to serve.
B. It compares local and federal U.S. courts and their functions.
C. It shows justices in the robes they wear in court to convey authority and fairness.
D. It shows justices in the robes they wear in court to convey authority and fairness.
In a text box in Chapter 9 readers find more information about the job of a Supreme Court justice and It depicts a swearing-in ceremony showing that justices must take an oath to serve. The correct options are B and A respectively.
Who is Sonia Sotomayor?Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court Sonia Sotomayor. In 2009, after President Barack Obama's nomination and confirmation, she joined the Supreme Court as the third woman and first Hispanic.
Readers can get more information about a Supreme Court justice's duties in a text box in Chapter 9, which also features a picture of a ceremony where justices are sworn in to their positions.
Thus, the correct options are B and A respectively.
For more details regarding Sonia Sotomayor, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14495765
#SPJ1
What Does the Fourth Amendment Mean?
Concerns relationships between individuals or between individuals and the governmenta)criminal lawb)civil lawc)international lawd)military law
Out of the choices of alternatives provided above, it may be stated that the Civil Law is the one that takes care of the concerns of the relationships that exist between the individuals or individuals and the government. Therefore, the option B holds true.
The civil law may be taken into interpretation or consideration as the type of law that brings into account the matters related to the disputes or concerns related to the individuals and civilians of the country, and also provides a number of protections and regulations being made thereunder.
Learn more about civil law here:
https://brainly.com/question/14788507
#SPJ4
Concerns relationships between individuals or between individuals and the government
a)criminal law
b)civil law
c)international law
d)military law
An advantage of the separation of ownership from management in corporations is that the company can raise money from investors but the investors:____________
Businesses can raise capital from investors without those investors getting involved in day-to-day management, which is one advantage of corporations having separate ownership and management.
What are investors?An investor is a person who invests money with the hope of making a profit or gaining an advantage in the future (interest).
The majority of the time, the investor purchases some kind of property using these assigned funds.
Equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, money, commodities, tokens, derivatives like put and call options, futures, and forwards are a few examples of investment types.
One benefit of corporations having ownership and management distinct from one another is that businesses can raise capital from investors without those investors getting involved in day-to-day management.
Therefore, businesses can raise capital from investors without those investors getting involved in day-to-day management, which is one advantage of corporations having separate ownership and management.
Know more about investors here:
https://brainly.com/question/25311149
#SPJ1
Why do you think the Strategic Defense Initiative was controversial?
Answer: The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was controversial because it suggested the potential for the United States to develop a space-based missile defense system. This system would have been capable of shooting down ballistic missiles, potentially giving the US an incredibly powerful advantage in nuclear warfare. The concern was that such a system could lead to an arms race, as other countries would feel the need to develop their own missile defense systems in order to compete on a level playing field. Additionally, the cost of developing such a system was seen as prohibitively expensive, as well as potentially leading to a destabilization of the balance of power.
Explanation: The choice of words in the paragraph was meant to emphasize the potential consequences of the Strategic Defense Initiative. By describing the system as "potentially giving the US an incredibly powerful advantage in nuclear warfare" and as "potentially leading to an arms race," it highlights the potential risks of developing such a system. By mentioning the cost of developing such a system and the potential for destabilization of the balance of power, it further emphasizes the potential dangers of the SDI.
Answer:
The Strategic Defense Initiative, also known as "Star Wars," was a controversial program proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. The program aimed to develop a system of space-based missiles and lasers to protect the U.S. from incoming enemy missiles.
There were several reasons why the Strategic Defense Initiative was controversial:
Cost: The program was expected to be extremely expensive, and many people believed that the funds would be better spent on other programs such as education, healthcare, and social security.
Effectiveness: There were questions about the feasibility and reliability of the technology proposed for the program, and many experts believed that a missile defense system would not be effective in stopping a large-scale attack.
Arms race: The Strategic Defense Initiative was seen by some as an attempt by the U.S. to gain a military advantage over the Soviet Union, which would lead to an arms race and increase tensions between the two countries.
International opposition: The program was widely opposed by many countries around the world, who saw it as a threat to global stability and a potential trigger for a new arms race.
Ethical and legal concerns: Some people believed that the development and deployment of a missile defense system would violate international laws and treaties, and raise ethical concerns about the use of space for military purposes.
Explanation:
These and other factors made the Strategic Defense Initiative a highly controversial program that sparked intense debate and opposition both in the U.S. and internationally.
just tell me if you kinda confuse
ALLEN
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures is called as?
Laws are made to protect the public as a whole from the harmful acts of others
a)criminal
b)civil
c)international
d)military
Criminal laws are made to protect the public as a whole from the harmful acts of others.
What are Criminal laws?
Criminal law is the body of legislation that establishes criminal offenses, governs the detention, accusation, and trial of suspects, and establishes the fines and forms of retribution for those found guilty.
Criminal law is just one of the tools used by organized societies to safeguard individuals' rights and guarantee the survival of the group. In addition, there are the moral principles taught by families, schools, and religion; workplace and factory rules; laws of civil life enforced by regular police powers; and the penalties accessible through tort claims.
To learn more about Criminal laws visit;
https://brainly.com/question/1205493
#SPJ4
How many Supreme Court justices are Republican?
what jobs can you get with a criminal justice degree?
From a criminal justice degree,we can get jobs in stores, showrooms, public hotels etc.
A criminal justice degree is an interdisciplinary review. It integrates regulation, human science, brain research, policy management, and then some. With the degree, you'll figure out how the legal framework functions, from policing the courts.
While acquiring a criminal justice degree, you will get to grasp the framework according to the point of view of the two hoodlums and casualties. Numerous understudies decide to progress forward with the way to turn into a legal counselor, yet others might enter governmental issues or seek after a situation in scholarly community showing criminal justice degree.
Five areas where we can enter via criminal justice degree
RevisionsPolicingCountry SecurityPrivate SecuritySocial Justice ServicesCriminology And ExaminationTo know more about criminal justice,visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/24622613
#SPJ4
many jurisdictions/organizations configure their eocs using the standard______
The common ICS-organizational structure is used by many governments and organizations to set up their EOCs. Many people are familiar with the structure, and it fits with how incidents are organized on the scene.
For the purpose of managing major incidents, ICS jurisdictions establishes five functional areas: command, operations, planning, logistics, and finance/administration. The organizational structure is never greater than necessary since the Span-of-Control recommendations are strictly observed.
Only the roles and responsibilities required to complete the incident's objectives should be included in an ICS organizational structure. It is possible to merge ICS positions to save staffing costs or boost productivity. A standardized, on-scene, all-risk event management concept is the Incident Command System, or ICS.
To accommodate the complexity and requirements of a single or series of occurrences, ICS enables its users to establish an integrated organizational structure.
Learn more about jurisdictions Visit: brainly.com/question/10377896
#SPJ4
A mayor sued a blogger for defamation in federal district court under diversity jurisdiction. The mayor alleged in her complaint that the blogger had published defamatory statements about her that suggested she was having an adulterous relationship. The mayor's entire case rested on her own testimony establishing the prima facie elements of her claim and a properly authenticated and admitted copy of the allegedly defamatory publication. At the end of the mayor's presentation of evidence to the jury, the blogger filed a motion for judgment as a matter of law. Finding that the mayor's meager evidence was insufficient for a jury reasonably to find that the publication was false, as was required by state law, the judge granted the blogger's motion and directed a judgment in favor of the blogger. The mayor immediately appealed the judgment, contending that the trial judge applied the wrong legal standard in granting the motion.
On these facts, should the judgment be set aside on appeal?
A. No, because the district court's ruling was not clearly erroneous.
B. No, because the mayor failed to meet her burden of establishing a prima facie case as a matter of law.
C. Yes, because a motion for judgment as a matter of law cannot be granted until both parties have presented their cases.
D. Yes, because the district court improperly evaluated the weight of the evidence.
Answer:Answer choice D is correct. When ruling on a Rule 50 motion for judgment as a matter of law, the court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the opposing party and draw all reasonable inferences from the evidence in favor of the opposing party. It may not consider the credibility of witnesses or evaluate the weight of the evidence, and it must disregard all evidence favorable to the moving party that the jury is not required to believe. Therefore, on these facts, the district court improperly granted the blogger's motion, and the ruling should be set aside.
Explanation:
Answer choice A is incorrect because it states the incorrect standard to be applied when reviewing a judgment as a matter of law. Appellate review of legal rulings is de novo. The appeals court will use the trial court's record, but it reviews the evidence and law without deference to the trial court's rulings.
Answer choice B is incorrect because the mayor met this burden by testifying that the publication was false. The credibility of this testimony must be assessed by the jury.
Answer choice C is incorrect because a motion for judgment as a matter of law may be made at any time before the case is submitted to the jury.
why can senators use senatorial courtesy ?
Senators can use senatorial courtesy as a way to influence the nomination and confirmation process for federal judges and other presidential appointments.
This practice allows senators to give their approval or disapproval of a nominee before the nomination is officially made. If a senator from the same party as the president disapproves of a nominee from their home state, it is considered a "courtesy" for the president to withdraw the nomination. This practice helps to ensure that the nominees are acceptable to the senators from the state in which they will serve. However, it can also lead to delays and obstruction in the confirmation process.
Learn more about senatorial courtesy brainly.com/question/12528524
#SPJ11
the power of the national government to coin money is ________
The power of the national government to coin money is an expressed power. A national government is a political power that rules over a whole country.
What is a national government?
A national government must have a national army, sufficient control over its states or provinces to establish and uphold a foreign policy, and the capacity to levy taxes, at the very least. The Confederacy during the American Civil War was an example of a loose confederation of states, but a national government can also be anything else. Federal and unitary governments are the two major types of national governments.
States or provinces have little to no influence under a unitary administration, which is centralized.The responsibilities are switched in a federal government. The national government is merely given enough power to function, with the majority of power resting with the states.To learn more about national government visit;
https://brainly.com/question/28826393
#SPJ4
how long after certifying for unemployment will i get paid california?
Most qualified workers receive payment for their unemployment benefits after at least three weeks of processing their claim.
You'll get a debit card in the mail when your first benefit payment becomes available. You can track, use, and transfer your benefit payments once the card has been activated. You should maintain your card until it expires because it is utilized for all EDD benefit programs and is good for three years from the day it is issued.
You will get your benefit payments on that debit card if you have previously received Unemployment Insurance, Disability Insurance, or Paid Family Leave benefits there. Once funds are available, a replacement card will be automatically delivered to you if your old one has expired.
To learn more about unemployment benefits, please refer:
https://brainly.com/question/15996298
#SPJ4
according to the rule of law a government leader: a) is excluded from "we the people". b) Has absolute authority to make decisions for everyone. c) Must follow the law like everyone else.
According to the rule of law a government leader must follow the law like everyone else.
Hence. the correct option is C.
Rule of law is the mechanism or a norm that supports the equality of all citizens before the law, secures a nonarbitrary form of government, and more generally prevents the arbitrary use of power. The constitution protects persons rights and the rule of law describes constitution as the source of law, each law is derived from the constitution and it cannot override the general provisions of the constitution. The three major elements of rule of law are supremacy of law, equality to everyone before law and predominance of law i.e. court should be free from external influence.
To know more about "rule of law " visit-
brainly.com/question/12469633
#SPJ4
as a provision of the land ordinance of 1785, (1) one lot in each township was set aside for a _____________.
As a provision of the Land Ordinance of 1785, (1) one lot in each township was set aside for a public school. This was done in order to promote education and ensure that each township had access to a school for its residents.
What is the Land Ordinance of 1785?The Land Ordinance of 1785 was an important piece of legislation that helped to organize the settlement and development of the Northwest Territory.
It established a system for surveying and dividing the land into townships, and set aside one lot in each township for the purpose of building a public school.
This provision helped to promote education and ensure that each township had access to a school for its residents.
Learn More about Land Ordinance of 1785 at https://brainly.com/question/30082465
#SPJ11
As a provision of the Land Ordinance of 1785, one lot in each township was set aside for a public school.
This was done to ensure that education was a priority in the newly formed townships and that there was land specifically designated for this purpose.
¿What is the Land Ordinance Law of 1785?The Land Ordinance of 1785 was a law passed by the United States Congress that outlined the process for dividing and selling land in the Northwest Territory.
It created a system of townships, each consisting of 36 square miles, and further divided each township into 36 one-square-mile sections.
One of these sections was set aside for the purpose of building a public school, demonstrating the importance of education in the newly formed townships.
Another question about Law in https://brainly.com/question/20585839
#SPJ11
how much did bp pay for deepwater horizon oil spill?
In order to resolve civil damages claims brought by the United States as a result of the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster, BP has been ordered to pay $5.5 billion. The sum will be paid over a period of sixteen years.
In spite of objections from Congress and a sizable coalition of environmental organizations, the final agreement will permit BP to write off the majority of the expenses as regular business expenses.
Lukas Ross, a campaigner with Friends of the Earth on climate and energy, said: "We are horrified to see that BP's egregious carelessness continues to enjoy government subsidies. It is absurd to consider the worst oil disaster in American history to be a routine and essential business expense.
To learn more about deepwater horizon oil spill visit;
https://brainly.com/question/9760994
#SPJ4
a decision on a question of state law is final when:_____.
The certification of questions of law procedure can provide federal courts with clear and definitive answers, promote uniformity, prevent forum shopping, and guarantee that state high courts have the final say on state law.
In which court is the decision of the court always final?The court of appeals' decision often serves as the final word in the matter, unless it remands the case to the trial court for further proceedings or the parties petition the U.S. Supreme Court to take the case. The court's ruling is the final determination on the matter. Should the defendant be found guilty, they are free to appeal the matter to the district court.
When can a final judgment becomes final?When the appeals time has passed, the sentence has been completed in full or in part, or the defendant has expressly waived his right to appeal in writing, the judgement in a criminal matter is considered final.
To know more about federal courts visit: brainly.com/question/1384353
#SPJ1
The Smith system does not include
Hope it helps
