Part II: Application and Critical Thinking (20 points)

6. The postclassical era featured many different civilizations with unique characteristics. Consider the political, economic, religious, and social differences between these civilizations, and then write a four- paragraph essay answering this question: Were postclassical European kingdoms mostly similar or mostly different from Islamic caliphates? You may wish to consider the causes and effects of some of the following events in your analysis:

* The spread of Islamic caliphates in the Middle East

* The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire

* The religions practiced in both civilizations

* The Crusades

* The Battle of Tours

* The Hundred Years' War

Include an introduction paragraph with a strong thesis statement, support your argument with accurate historical evidence, and end with a conclusion paragraph.

The nineteenth-century American literature greatly benefits from historical context and universal themes. By providing glimpses into people's lives, the historical setting of the literature is helpful to us today. It reveals their speech patterns and so how they spoke back then.

We refer to this as the "historical context," which affects writers in the same way that society, politics, culture, and economy do. The exploration of universal themes, also known as fundamental concepts that apply to all civilizations and people throughout time, is a common theme in works of fiction, including short stories, novels, and poetry that address real or imagined occurrences. In order for us to become enlightened and advance both as a community and as individuals, it is frequently the goal of a writer to change the way we perceive an idea. Democracy, religious freedom, individual liberty, racial discrimination, sexism, education, equality, and justice are universal topics that appeared frequently in late-19th and early-20th century literature.

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Answer:

Agriculture: The development of agriculture in Africa allowed for the rise of civilizations and the growth of food production. African civilizations such as the ancient Egyptians and the Yoruba people in West Africa were among the earliest practitioners of agriculture and were able to produce large amounts of food, which allowed for the growth of population and urbanization.

Trade and Commerce: African civilizations, particularly those located along the coast, played a significant role in the development of trade and commerce. The trans-Saharan trade route connected West Africa to the Mediterranean world, and the East African coast was a major center for the trade of goods such as spices, textiles, and gold.

Iron Working: African civilizations were among the earliest to develop the technology of iron working, which allowed for the production of iron tools, weapons, and other goods. The iron working tradition in Africa was passed down through generations and had a significant impact on the development of civilizations both within Africa and around the world.

Writing and Literature: African civilizations such as the ancient Egyptians and the Nubians were among the earliest to develop writing systems and create literature. African literature includes works of fiction, poetry, and religious texts, and it has influenced the development of literature in other parts of the world.

Architecture: African civilizations such as the ancient Egyptians and the great Zimbabwean empire have made significant contributions to the field of architecture. The ancient Egyptians are known for their monumental structures, including the pyramids, while the great Zimbabwean empire was known for its elaborate stone architecture and sophisticated water management systems. African architecture has influenced the design and construction of buildings in other parts of the world and continues to inspire architects and builders today.

Explanation:

The U.S. government restricting Indigenous peoples' hunting, fishing, and gathering  was one effect of migration by white settlers on Indigenous peoples.

Tribes were frequently underpaid for their land allotments, and when people refused to comply with government regulations, their allotments were sold to non-Native people, resulting in the loss of significant amounts of tribal lands for American Indian communities.

Climate changes, floods, and drought might all force people to leave. The availability of food is likewise impacted by climate change, and anthropologists believe that people arrived in the Americas in search of food.

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Answer:

Answer Below ↓

Explanation:

Photosynthesis occurs when plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

The question of gender equality and whether women should be granted the same legal rights and protections as men is addressed in the statement "Should women receive equal treatment under the law?"

This inquiry covers subjects including equal pay, property rights, and defense against harassment and violence.

The question of voting, or the right to vote, is addressed in "Who should be permitted to vote?" Which categories of individuals should have the ability to cast ballots in order to engage in politics is the topic of this question.

As many groups have fought for the right to vote throughout history, issues of gender, ethnicity, and age have always played a significant role in this debate.

The first question essentially addresses the issue of legal equality, while the second question addresses the issue of political engagement and the ability to vote.

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The claim that Persia had sided with Sparta against Athens in the Peloponnesian Wars is what led Darius I to spearhead a Persian invasion of Greece. Therefore, C is the appropriate response to this question.

Why Did Darius of Persia invade Greece?

Two distinct campaigns that were largely used as a means of punishment for the city-states of Athens and Eretria made up Darius I of Persia's invasion. When the cities of Ionia rebelled against Persian control, these cities helped one another out, provoking Darius' fury.

The context of this question indicates that Darius I, the Persian king, had a significant impact on the aforementioned two campaigns. This directive was given in reaction to a number of ongoing actions within the empire as a result of the Persian invasion. As a result, Persia and Sparta both supported each other in their battle with Athens.

Darius, I led a Persian invasion of Greece as a result of the claim that Persia sided with Sparta in the Peloponnesian Wars against Athens.

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Answer:

Several measures taken by the Mongol Empire when it was in power allowed for the Pax Mongolica, or the Mongol Peace. The first was the imperial policy of religious tolerance, which made it possible for various religious and ethnic groups to cohabit without fear of retaliation within the empire. The Mongol Empire was renowned for its diversity and did not impose a particular faith, which made it possible for its subjects to live in harmony with one another. The construction of the Silk Road, a commercial route linking Asia and Europe, was another significant initiative that enabled cross-regional trade and cultural interchange. The Mongol Empire also implemented its own legal system, which was renowned for its justice and impartiality, and upheld rigorous law and order. A number of centuries of peace and stability were made possible by these policies and their effective military setup, which also opened the door for cross-imperial trade and cultural interchange.

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Gender socialization is the process of learning and internalizing cultural norms, values, and expectations associated with gender identity.

In the america, conventional gender roles and expectations are often tied to physical characteristics and assumed biological variations between ladies and men. Guys are regularly anticipated to be assertive, aggressive, and independent, whilst women are often predicted to be nurturing, emotional, and accommodating. Gender roles also can have an effect on career alternatives, with guys much more likely to be advocated to pursue management and STEM fields, while girls are frequently advised toward caregiving professions. However, there is developing reputation of the negative effect of these rigid gender roles and an growing effort to sell more numerous and inclusive gender identities and expressions.

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Answer:

The capital city of Jordan is Amman.

Answer:

Amman is the capital of Jordan and is a modern city with several ancient ruins.

Explanation:

b. To approve taxes and laws proposed by the King.

In 1265, taxes and laws were proposed by the King for approval in Parliament. The King had the authority to make decisions for the country, but he needed the approval and support of Parliament in order to put these decisions into action. Parliament was created to act as a check and balance system, allowing the King to make decisions but also allowing for the representation and input of the people. The members of Parliament, who were mostly nobles and wealthy landowners, would listen to the proposals of the King and discuss their merits and potential impact on the people. This allowed for a more democratic process of decision-making and helped to ensure that the laws were fair and just for all.

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Answer:

Salt water intrusion

Explanation:

Soil erosion is basically too much salt content in water and saltwater intrusion is basically the same thing. Hard to explain for me lol

Answer:

(A) deforestation

Explanation:

African Americans were urged by Booker T. Washington to pursue higher education and become affluent in order to abolish segregation.

Booker T. Washington and Du Bois. Du Bois and Washington would later develop a rivalry as their views on education and racial equality diverged. Washington favoured a gradual method of practical education and economic growth, whereas Du Bois preferred outspoken opposition and higher education.

People will get more respect and earn better employment as a result. African Americans, in the opinion of W.E.B. DuBois, should resist unfair treatment and demand equal rights.

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Answer:

It is characterized by long pointed arches, exterior buttresses, and ribbed vaults.

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Answer:

The conversion of pagan natives to Christianity was the rationale for and legitimized Spain's conquests. Thus "informed" by the Spanish, the Native people of the land had to accept the supremacy of the Catholic Church and the Spanish Crown.

The Soviets honored their promise to declare war on Japan of these events happened when the United States dropped the first atomic bomb. The correct option is B.

The US wanted to force the Japanese to surrender quickly in order to reduce the number of American casualties. Furthermore, the Soviet Union secretly agreed to enter the war against Japan at the Yalta Summit in February 1945.

The events occurred when the United States dropped the first atomic bomb and the Soviets kept their promise to declare war on Japan. The first atomic bomb was dropped on Japan in 1945 in Hiroshima, and the second bomb was dropped three days later.

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Joseph McCarthy increased the suspicion of government officials by providing irrefutable proof that those officials were communists. Thus, option 'A' is the correct option.

Even before Joseph McCarthy's direct involvement in it, the historical epoch that came to be known as the McCarthy era began. McCarthyism was influenced by a variety of causes, some of which had their origins in the First Red Scare (1917–20), which was motivated by the rise of communism as a recognized political entity and the extensive social unrest caused by unionizing and anarchist activities in the United States.

The Communist Party of the United States grew throughout the 1930s, reaching a peak of about 75,000 members in 1940–1941, in part due to its success in forming labor unions, its early opposition to fascism, and its ability to provide a viable alternative to capitalism's problems during the Great Depression.

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The goal of the Virginia Company was to bring profit to its shareholders and to establish an English colony in the New World.

What is the Virginia Company?

King James I granted a joint stock company, the Virginia Company of London, a licence in 1606 to build a colony in North America. With such a project, the Crown might benefit from colonization's resources, new markets for English products, and power over the Spanish without having to shoulder the associated costs.

They made promises of safe transportation to the New World, a home, food, clothing, land, and even a piece of the sponsoring company's earnings. The faltering American colony of the Virginia Company of London was in severe need of people.

They started exchanging their tobacco for cash and necessities around 1614. In England, they adored it. Virginia adopted tobacco as their "gold." Although tobacco was sold instead of gold, the colony became prosperous.

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1. It is not legal as the chance to speak to her lawyer is the right for every person according to the Amendment.

2. Yes, it is legal as the crime is not serious and Natalia is charged with the fine, but the police should give the warning.

3. Yes, the office has all rights to check the truck until they are fully satisfied with the checking.

The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution safeguards citizens from arbitrary government searches and seizures. Only those searches and seizures that are ruled legally unreasonable are protected by the Fourth Amendment, though.

Thus, It is not legal as the chance to speak to her lawyer is the right for every person according to the Amendment.

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England, feeling threatened by the idea of their people getting ideas about freedom and equality, sent troops to recapture the slaves and return them to their plantations.

England, fearful that their people might develop ideals about freedom and equality, dispatched armies to recover the slaves and restore them to their plantations.

Social equality is a condition in which all persons within a given society enjoy equal rights, liberties, and status, which may include civil rights, freedom of expression, autonomy, and equal access to certain public goods and social services. Social equality necessitates the lack of legally imposed social class or caste barriers, as well as discrimination driven by an inalienable aspect of an individual's identity. Different schools of thought define and assess social equality differently. These include power, rights, goods, opportunities, capabilities, or some combination of these. It can also be described in relation to distributive equality, individual power systems, or justice and political egalitarianism.

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The author's sequencing of historical events influences the passage's conclusion for readers by It forces readers to evaluate the historical record and consider how they might wish to see America interact with foreign countries in the future. The correct option is B.

The ability to order events in a text is an important comprehension strategy, particularly for narrative texts. It allows for retelling, which in turn allows for summarizing. It encourages self-checking and rereading.

The author's sequencing of historical events has an impact on the passage's conclusion, allowing readers to reach a logical conclusion. The impact of author's sequencing of historical events on readers is referred to as a logical conclusion. This is to draw a conclusion from the facts or context; to determine what is being said.

Thus, the ideal selection is option B.

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The Arab Spring was a wave of armed uprisings, anti-government demonstrations, and protests that swept over much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. In response to economic stagnation and corruption, it started in Tunisia.

Massive anti-government protests against Bashar al-Ba'athist Assad's regime were a defining feature of the revolt. These protests were met with police and military assault, mass arrests, and a violent response that left thousands dead and tens of thousands injured.

Police brutality, emergency legislation, a lack of political freedom, civil liberties, freedom of speech, corruption, high unemployment, food price inflation, and poor pay were among the legal and political issues that the Egyptian demonstrators were upset about.

Thus, the Arab Spring was a wave of armed uprisings, anti-government demonstrations.

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The positions of the head, face, and neck can communicate a variety of emotions, attitudes, and intentions.

In addition to these basic expressions, there are many more subtle ways in which the head, face, and neck can convey information. Nonverbal cues are often used in conjunction with verbal cues to provide a more complete picture of what a person is feeling or thinking.

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The changes in Japan and the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 19th century were quite different in terms of their causes, nature, and outcomes. Here are some key differences:

Japan:

Causes: Japan's modernization was largely driven by the country's desire to become a major player on the world stage and to avoid being colonized by the West. To achieve this goal, Japan adopted a policy of rapid modernization and Westernization, known as the Meiji Restoration.

Nature of changes: The Meiji period saw sweeping changes in Japanese society, including the modernization of the economy, military, and education. Japan adopted a constitutional monarchy, with a parliamentary system modeled after that of Europe. The country also abolished the feudal system and established a modern legal code.

Outcomes: Japan's modernization was successful, and by the early 20th century, the country had become a major power in Asia and the Pacific. Its economy had grown rapidly, and its military was strong enough to defeat Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.

Ottoman Empire:

Causes: The decline of the Ottoman Empire was caused by a number of factors, including military defeats, economic decline, and internal political instability. The empire was also facing challenges from nationalist movements among its ethnic and religious minorities.

Nature of changes: The late 19th century was a period of decline for the Ottoman Empire, as it lost control of much of its territory and faced increasing challenges to its rule. The empire attempted to modernize and reform its institutions, but these efforts were often unsuccessful, and the empire was unable to stem its decline.

Outcomes: The decline of the Ottoman Empire continued into the early 20th century, and by the end of World War I, the empire had been defeated and dissolved. Its territory was divided among the victorious powers, and its ethnic and religious minorities established their own independent states.

In conclusion, while both Japan and the Ottoman Empire underwent significant changes at the end of the 19th century, the nature and outcomes of these changes were quite different, reflecting the unique challenges and opportunities facing each country.

According to estimates, phosgene or the related chemical, diphosgene, was to blame for up to 85% of the 91,000 gas deaths during Warfare in World War I  (trichloromethane chloroformate).

German mustard gas, which was first used in 1917, caused blisters in the skin, eyes, and lungs and killed hundreds of people. Military planners rationalized the use of poison gas by arguing that it decreased the enemy's capacity to retaliate.

In the First World War, mustard gas received the most media attention. It is an ephemeral oily liquid. On July 12, 1917, a few weeks before the Third Battle of Ypres, Germany launched it as a vesicant.

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The Columbian Exchange brought a variety of new, calorie-dense staple crops like potatoes, maize, and cassava. to the Old World. Introducing new foodstuffs from the Americas, increased Europe's population and sparked the continent's economic transition to capitalism.

A significant environmental turning point known as the Columbian Exchange occurred during the passage between the Old and New Worlds. It was significant because it led to racial mixing and the spread of terrible diseases that decimated the Native American population as well as their crops, animals, goods, and trade routes.

The Columbian Exchange raised population density over the entire continent by importing new crops from the Americas and starting Europe's economic shift to capitalism. With the introduction of new species like pigs and the full eradication of others like beavers, colonization upended ecosystems.

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Answer:

Answer Below ↓

Explanation:

The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in the mid-1770s. The British instated the acts to make an example of the colonies after the Boston Tea Party, and the outrage they caused became the major push that led to the outbreak American Revolution in 1775.

The Senate needs to approve the treaty by a two-thirds vote in that way congress is involved when the president negotiates a treaty with another country. The correct option is B.

In 1919, Jackson vetoed the Versailles Treaty of Versailles, which formally ended World War I, in part because President Woodrow Wilson failed to take senators' objections to the agreement into account.

The president "shall have The authority, by and with the Guidance and Approval of the Senate, to make Treaties, supplied that two-thirds of the Senators present concur," according to the United States Constitution (Article II, section 2). Treaties are legally binding agreements that become part of international law when they are signed.

Thus, the ideal selection is option B.

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