Free radicals are atoms or molecules that have an unpaired electron.They are highly reactive organisms that are created by the application of light or heat. Bonds can be created by donating the unpaired electron.
What are the main organic products?By applying the Markovnikov Rule, we may conclude that when more hydrogen is added to carbon, the main product will result. This shows that when hydrogen is supplied to carbon-1, which has a larger concentration of hydrogen, and bromine is added to carbon-2, the predominant outcome will be 2-bromopropane.
What offers elimination as its primary product?Depending on the type of elimination reaction, Saytzeff (a more substituted alkene) or Hofmann product (a less substituted alkene) are the principal products.
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Write balanced half-reaction for the oxidation of aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H,02) to gaseous oxygen (02) in acidic aqueous solution Be sure to add physical state symbols where appropriate
First, the reduction of gaseous oxygen to aqueous hydrogen peroxide is:
O2 (g) → H2O2 (l)
when this reaction is in an acidic aqueous solution, we need to balance H on both sides so we will use H+ on the left side.
O2(g) + H+(aq) → H2O2(l)
now we have 1 of H atom on the left side and 2 on the right side so we will put 2H+ on the left side instead of H+:
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) → H2O2(l)
now we need to balance the 2 positive charges of 2H+ so, we will put 2 e- on the left side:
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2 e- → H2O2(l)
and this is the final balanced equation which has an equal no. of atoms on both sides:
2 of O atom, 2 of H atom on both sides.
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these space-filling models represent molecules of elemental oxygen, fluorine, and nitrogen, respectively. looking at these models, answer the following questions.
Similar to the ball-and-stick model, this graphic or physical representation of a molecule shows the atoms as partial spheres with diameters proportional to the real atoms.
What does a space-filling model show?Because they display how much room an atom (or molecule) takes up, space-filling models are helpful. Comparing spatially models with conventional ball-and-stick models, such those in the following graphic, makes this point clear. The latter do not even remotely convey a feeling of molecular size.
How is the electron sharing represented in the spatially model of a molecule?The overlapping regions of the spheres in a room model represent the locations were chemical bonds are created in molecules whenever electrons are shared. In order to explain the relationships between the atoms within a molecule, scientists also employ ball-and-stick models.
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When a nonmetal bonds with a nonmetal:
A. electrons are shared.
B. a covalent bond is involved.
C. a molecular compound forms.
D. All of the above are true.
E. None of the above are true.
It is appropriate to select option d. Because electrons are shared, a molecular compound develops, resulting in a covalent bond. A chemical bond is a covalent bond, commonly referred to as a molecular bond.
that involves atoms trading off pairs of electrons. The stable equilibrium of the attractive and repulsive forces between atoms that occurs when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding. These electron pairs are also referred to as shared pairs or bonding pairs. The electron is a subatomic particle with the symbol e or with an electric charge of one elementaryly negative charge. Due to their lack of known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are typically considered to be elementary particles.
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When must a food thermometer be cleaned and sanitized?.
Your thermometer must be washed with soapy water, rinsed, and sanitized every four hours. A clean wiping cloth from your sanitizer bucket or a personal alcohol wipe should be used to clean food thermometers between applications.
To help prevent the cross-contamination of germs, home cooks should clean their food thermometers after each use. A thorough post-use clean will also get rid of any dirt and food residue on your thermometer, which could be preventing you from getting an accurate reading of the internal temperature of your food.
Hence, food thermometer should be cleaned after every individual testing's
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Arrange the following groups in order of decreasing priority that would allow you to determine E/Z, or R/S. Provide a string of letters (e.g. abcd) as an answer with the highest priority listed first, lowest priority last:
a) -CH3 b) -CH2OH c) -CH2NH2 d) -CH2BR
Priority will be given to the group with the highest atomic number. Priority is as follows: -CH2Br > -CH2OH > -CH2NH2 > -CH3
Explain about the absolute arrangement?Absolute configuration is the stereochemical description of the spatial arrangement of atoms within a chiral molecular entity (or group). Since carbon is linked to four different substituents in organic compounds, absolute configuration is frequently relevant.
Absolute Configuration, which distinguishes between right-handed and left-handed stereo structures in chiral compounds, is the spatial arrangement of atoms.
A physically recognized non-centrosymmetric crystal's atomic arrangement as well as its description using unit-cell dimensions, space group information, and average atomic coordinates.
For instance, the stereocenter is unaffected by the reaction of (+)-glyceraldehyde (1) with mercury oxide to produce (-)-glyceric acid (2). As a result, (+)-glyceraldehyde and (-)-glyceric acid must have the same absolute configuration.
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For compounds lino3 and h2o , indicate the type of forces that are involved.
The interaction between nonpolar molecules is dispersion forces while between polar molecules like H₂O is lon-dipole forces.
lon-dipole forces can be defined as the attraction between molecules due to the interaction between opposite lons of molecules.
The distribution of electrons is asymmeric in this case.
This Interaction is seen between polar molecules.
For example-Interaction between LiNO3 and H₂O
Therefore, the interaction between nonpolar molecules is dispersion forces while between polar molecules is lon-dipole forces.
If a polar molecule induces a dipole in a neutral molecule, than such interactions are called dipole-induced dipole interactions.
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If a mutation has a visible effect at 26°c, but no visible effect at 20°c, then 20°c is the _______ temperature and 26°c is the _______ temperature.
The permissive temperature is 20°C, and the restrictive temperature is 26°C if a mutation has an obvious effect at 26°C but not at 20°C.
What do permitted and restricted temperatures mean in terms of mutation?A mutation that, under some (permissive) environmental conditions, exhibits the wild-type phenotype and, under other (restrictive) conditions, exhibits the mutant phenotype.Permissive temperature : This causes the cell or organism to survive, just as it would if it were a wild type strain.The temperature at which the mutant phenotype is seen, in contrast, is the nonpermissive temperature or restrictive temperature.Restrictive temperature : A temperature below which a heat-sensitive cell LINE cannot operate.The physiological or behavioral reaction of an organism to varying thermal circumstances is known as temperature sensitivity.A low degree of temperature sensitivity denotes that the response is minimal.A high degree of temperature sensitivity says that a minor change in temperature results in a significant response.When a gene is expressed above a specific temperature, temperature-sensitive mutants of the gene exhibit a substantial decrease in the quantity or activity of the gene product (nonpermissive temperature).To learn more about Mutation refer to:
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an aquesous kno3 solution is made using 72.5 g of kno3 diluted to a total solution volume of 2 l calculate the molality and mass percent of the solution
The molarity of the solution is 0.36 mol/L. The molality of the solution is 0.34 m. The mass percent of the solution is 3.33%.
KNO3's molecular weight is 72.5 g/101 g/mol, or 0.72 moles, in terms of mass/molar mass.
Molarity is defined as the product of the number of moles and the volume, or 0.72 moles/2.00 L or 0.36 mol/L.
Number of moles of solute divided by kilograms of solution equals the molality.
mass of solution = 1.05 g/mL x 2000 mL = 21000 g or 2.1Kg
Molality of solution equals 0.72 moles/2.1 kg, or 0.34 m.
Mass percent of solution = mass of solute/mass of solution divided by 100.
The mass percent of the solution is equal to 72.5 g/ (72.5 g + 2100 g) 100/1 = 3.33%.
The volume of a material present in a given volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute in a liter of solution is referred to as molarity.
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2.00 ml of a 0.02 m io3- solution is mixed with 2.00 ml 0.01 m so32- solution and 6.00 ml deionized water in a test tube. the concentration of so32- in the final solution is
The final solution would include 0.64 mol/L of so32-, which is the concentration in the solution.
What is the plain meaning of concentration?Concentration both a action or process as well as a state. more specifically: focusing on a particular object. My focus is being disrupted by all that noise. : a major or region of concentration within a major.
What does a scientific concentration entail?The quantity of a component, such as salt, that is present in a specific volume of tissue or fluid, such as blood, according to scientific definition (KON-sen-TRAY-shun). When there is less water available, the material becomes more concentrated.
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for each molecule of glucose that is catabolized in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, how many nadh molecules are produced?
for each molecule of glucose that is catabolized in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, produced 10 NADH.
Each glucose molecule entering glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules 2 ATP, and 2 NADH, thus doubling the number of pyruvate entering the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle cannot occur in the absence of oxygen, In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate of converted to lactic acid which is broken down and excreted by the cell.
Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecular product of glycolysis. When oxygen is present in the cell, pyruvate is decarboxylated (C- is removed mediated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) and two oxygen atoms are included to form carbon dioxide. A redox reaction also occurs when coenzyme A binds to form acetyl-CoA and NAD+ is reduced to NADH.
Each glucose molecule entering glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules, thus doubling the number of pyruvate entering the citric acid cycle.
Therefore, the number of each ATP, NADH, and FADH2 molecule produced in the citric acid cycle is doubled. Therefore, in the citric acid cycle, one glucose molecule produces two ATPs, six NADHs, and two FADH2s.
Thus, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 will be produced in the citric acid cycle by one glucose molecule
So, if the whole process of cellular respiration is summarized then the result is:
Glycolysis: 1 glucose → 2 pyruvic acid + 2 ATP + 2 NADH
Oxidative decarboxylation: 1 pyruvic acid → 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 NADH
Since 1 glucose produces 2 pyruvic acid, then from the oxidative decarboxylation stage:
2 pyruvic acid → 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH
Krebs cycle: 1 acetyl CoA + 1 oxaloacetic acid → 1 citric acid + 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP
Since 1 glucose produces 2 pyruvic acids and 2 pyruvic acids produce 2 acetyl-CoA, then from the Krebs cycle stage:
2 acetyl CoA + 2 oxaloacetic acid → 2 citric acid + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP
From the three stages of cellular respiration above, it can be concluded that one molecule of glucose can produce a total of 4 ATP, 10 NADH, and 2 FADH2.
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Which of the following compounds contains only
one unshared pair of valence electrons?
A) NH3
B) H2O
C) CH4
D) NaCl
E) BeF3
Ammonia NH₃ contains only one unshared pair of valence electrons. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What is a valence electron?Valence electrons can be defined as the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom while the electrons occupying the inner shell are called core electrons. Valence electrons can be filled in different shells and these electrons interact with other atoms and cause the formation of chemical bonds.
In ammonia, the central atom is nitrogen and nitrogen has five valence electrons in its valence shell. The three electrons are used to form three single covalent bonds with three hydrogens. Therefore one unshared pair of valence electrons is present on the nitrogen atom in an ammonia molecule.
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In the Hall-Heroult process, a large electric current is passed through a solution of aluminum oxide (Al_2 O_3) dissolved in molten cryolite (Na_3 AlF_6), resulting in the reduction of the Al_2 O_3 to pure aluminum. Suppose a current of 9700. A is passed through a Hall-Round cell for 83.0 seconds. Calculate the mass of pure aluminum produced. Round your answer to 3 significant digits. Also, be sure your answer contains a unit symbol. [Al^3+ (aq) + 3e^- rightarrow Al(s)]
Cryolite, which also has a relatively low melting point, is used as an electrolyte because, among other things, it dissolves alumina well, conducts electricity, dissociates electrolytically at a higher voltage than alumina, and has a lower density than aluminum at the temperatures needed for the electrolysis.
At 950 °C (1,750 °F), a nearly pure aluminum oxide compound called alumina is dissolved in a molten electrolyte made of aluminum, sodium, and fluorine. This electrolyte is then electrolyzed to produce aluminum metal at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode.
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what amount of solid naoh must be added to 1.0 l of a 0.10 m h2co3 solution to produce a solution with [h ]
Carbonic acid, or H2CO3, is a chemical compound made up of the elements hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. When carbon dioxide (CO2), its anhydride, dissolves in water, a small amount of it is formed.
What is carbonic acid?Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen combine to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). When carbon dioxide (CO2), its anhydride, dissolves in water, it is created in trace amounts.CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3
Just CO2 molecules that are not fully hydrated constitute the dominant species. The two salt series hydrogen carbonates, containing HCO3, and carbonates, containing CO32, can be formed from carbonic acid, which can be thought of as a diprotic acid.H2CO3 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + HCO3−
HCO3− + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + CO32−
However, the differing speeds of certain of the relevant processes as well as their reliance on the system's pH determine how acidic or basic carbonic acid behaves. For instance, with a pH lower than 8, the main reactions and their corresponding relative speeds are as follows:CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 (slow)
H2CO3 + OH− ⇌ HCO3− + H2O (fast)
The subsequent reactions are crucial above pH 10:
CO2 + OH− ⇌ HCO3− (slow)
HCO3− + OH− ⇌ CO32− + H2O (fast)
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The mass of 13c is 13. 003 amu. Multiply the mass of 13c by its abundance. Report the number to 3 significant digits.
The product obtained by multiplying the atomic mass of carbon-13 by its abundance is 0.144
Isotopes is a term used in chemistry that can be described as members of a family of an element that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons
Carbon-13 is a stable carbon isotope whose nucleus consists of six protons and seven neutrons.
Since the mass of Carbon-13 is 13.003 amu and its abundance in nature is 1.109%, we can calculate the product of these as follows;
First, we convert the abundance percentage into a decimal value as follows;
1.109% = 1.109 ÷ 100 = 0.01109
Now;
mass × abundance = 13.003 × 0.01109
mass × abundance = 0.14420327
Now converting it to 3 significant digits;
mass × abundance = 0.144
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About one-third of the toxic metal, mercury (Hg), is released into the air from natural sources, such as rocks, soil, volcanoes, and the ocean. The remaining two-thirds comes from ____.
a. waste from livestock
b. mercury-rich plants
Selected: c. automobile exhaustThis answer is incorrect.
d. human activities
e. airplane exhaustd. human activities
About one-third of the toxic metal, mercury (hg), is released into the atmosphere from natural sources such as rocks, soil, volcanoes, and the ocean. the remaining two-thirds comes from human activities. option A is correct.
First, mercury is naturally emitted into the air from volcanoes, rock weathering, forest fires, and soil. Second, mercury is released into the air by burning fossil fuels and municipal or medical waste.
Mercury persists in the environment for long periods of time by cycling back and forth between air and soil, changing chemical forms in the process. The atmospheric lifetime of inorganic elemental mercury is estimated to be up to two years, while organic methylmercury can remain in soil for decades. Mercury is never removed from the environment; it just moves to other places and eventually gets buried under soil and sediments
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how many moles of kbr are present in 160. ml of a 0.130 m solution? express the amount in moles to three significant digits.
the unstable isotope of potassium 40k has a half life of 1.28 x109 years and can be used to date rocks. if you have a sample with 1.6x10-6 grams of 40k, home many decays per second will occur in your sample?
The number of atoms of k40 decaying per second will be 0.133 × 10⁸
First, we need to convert the 1.6× 10⁻⁶ g of sample into number of atoms of potassium and to convert the activity into numbers of atoms that decay per second.
( 1.6 ×10⁻⁶ g K-40)(1 mol K/ 39.9 g)(6.022 x 10²³ atoms K-40/mol) =
=0.241 × 10¹⁷
We can then use the first-order rate equation to find rate constant, k
k = 4.1 x 10-9 s-1
t1/2= 0.693/k
t1/2= 0.693/ k
k= 0.693/t1/2
k= 0.693/1.28 × 10⁹
k= 0.5414 × 10⁻⁹ /sec
No of atoms decaying/sec = k [0.241× 10¹⁷ atoms]
= 0.5414 × 10⁻⁹ × 0.241× 10¹⁷
= 0.130 × 10⁸
So, the number of atoms decaying per second will be 0.133 × 10⁸ .
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What are the 5 steps to prevent a fire?.
The 5 steps to prevent a fire are
Unplug any devices you aren't using:Check the Smoke Alarms.Lawn clippings and other flammable items should be kept in secure locations.Pets should be kept indoors.Examine the wiring and appliances in your home.These are actions and procedures designed to prevent and put out destructive fires. Anywhere a fire can start, so it's critical to always be prepared for what to do if one breaks out inside your house. Likewise, it's equally crucial to consider all of the ways in which you can stop one from occurring in the first place.
Hence, simple step of fire prevention works on minor levels.
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at the end of an experiment you notice a small amount of activated charcoal in your final product. how will this impact the mp of the compound
Small mount of activated charcoal in final product does not affect the melting point of the compound because some compound has high impurity weight.
The activated charcoal can remove impurities in the gaseous and iquid state from many solutions. By the process of adsorption the activated charcoal attracts these molecules to the surface of the charcoal. A small amount of impurities left from the charcoal used in some step. It does not affect the melting point of the compound because some compound has high impurity weight.
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a certain radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10,000 years. if the ratio of the parent to the daughter product is 1:3, (a) how many half-lives have elapsed? (0.5 pt); (b) how old is the rock containing the radioactive material?
Given half-life = 10,000 years
as parent and subsidiary are 1:3
It has passed 2 half-lives
At first half-life, parent-isotope reduced to 4.50% in T504 4
Ratio = 25/75 = 1/3
20,000 years
That was 20,000 years ago and is radioactive.
After another half-life, the number of remaining parent atoms approaches zero. Based on this principle, geologists can count the number of parent atoms relative to daughter atoms in a sample to determine the half-life that has elapsed since the mineral grain first formed.
Aeon is the largest interval of geological time lasting hundreds of millions of years. On the top timescale, we see that the Phanerozoic is the youngest ion beginning more than 500 million years ago. Ions are divided into smaller time intervals called epochs.
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Draw the line-angle formula for the ester formed from one molecule of terephthalic acid and one molecule of ethylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid undergo condensation polymerisation with the elimination of water (H20) molecule. Elimination of water forms ester bond between these two molecule.
Dacron or terylene is a type of polyester. Which is formed by the condensation polymerization. Ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid undergo condensation polymerisation with the elimination of water (H20) molecule. Elimination of water forms ester bond between these two molecule.
Since, terephthalic acid contains -COOH (acidic group) and ethylene glycol contains -OH (alcoholic group).
The reaction takes place at a temperature range of 420 - 460 K. This reaction occur in presence of zinc acetate and antimony trioxide as a catalyst.
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How is sanitizer solution measured?.
sanitizer solution measured if it reads between 100 and 400 ppm, the concentration is adequate.
Sanitizers based on iodine: Dip the strip for 60 seconds in the sanitizing solution, then remove and compare to the colour chart. If it reads between 12.5 and 25 ppm, the concentration is adequate.The two most common field measurement methods are test strips and titration kits, but following manufacturer instructions and understanding the limitations of any method is critical when interpreting results. A test strip is used to determine the concentration of sanitizer in parts per million (ppm). Three of the test sections on the six-in-one test strip are related to sanitizer level. Total bromine, total chlorine.
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If the pKa of HCHO2 is 3.74 and the pH of an HCHO2/NaCHO2 solution is 3.11, which of the following is TRUE? a) [HCHO2] < [NaCHO2]; b) [HCHO2] = [NaCHO2]; c) [HCHO2] << [NaCHO2]; d) [HCHO2] > [NaCHO2]; e) It is not possible to make a buffer of this pH from HCHO2 and NaCHO2
If the pKa of HCHO₂ is 3.74 and the pH of an HCHO₂/NaCHO₂ solution is 3.11, then the statement which is correct is [HCHO₂] > [NaCHO₂].
Buffer solution is a solution which is a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base or vice a versa. It shows a very little change in pH when strong acid or base is added in it.
Since NaCHO₂ is a basic salt of formic acid and it acts as a buffer solution. The pH of buffer solution is calculated by the formula
pH=pKa+log([base]/[acid])
We know that HCHO₂ is an acid, where NaCHO₂ is a base. Plug all values in the formula
3.11=3.74+log([NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂])
3.11-3.74=log([NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂])
log([NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂])=-0.63
Take antilog on both side
[NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂]=10^(-0.63)
[NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂]=0.234423
Multiply both side by [HCHO₂]
([NaCHO₂]/[HCHO₂])×[HCHO₂]=0.234423×[HCHO₂]
[NaCHO₂]=0.234423×[HCHO₂]
From the above calculation, it is observed that concentration of NaCHO₂ is less than the concentration of HCHO₂. Hence, [HCHO₂] > [NaCHO₂].
Therefore, if the pKa of HCHO₂ is 3.74 and the pH of an HCHO₂/NaCHO₂ solution is 3.11, then the statement which is correct is [HCHO₂] > [NaCHO₂]. Hence, 'option d' is correct.
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What is bulk matter in science?.
Matter that can be seen, handled, or measured is referred to as matter in bulk. Any given material is either a solid, a liquid, or a gas depending on its temperature and pressure.
What does a matter mean in chemistry?Matter is everything that occupies space and appears to have mass; in plenty of other words, matter seems to be the "stuff" that now the cosmos is made of. The basic constituents of all stuff are called elements.
What exactly does it mean to utilize an example of matter?A substance that has a certain mass and volume over space and is commonly referred to as matter. Pens, notebooks, toothbrushes, water, milk, and automobiles are a few examples of matters.
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ignoring the effects of recoil, what minimum energy must the photon have for this reaction to occur? the mass of a 2814si atom is 27.976927 u , and the mass of a 2412mg atom is 23.985042 u .
Ignoring the effects of recoil, the minimum energy must the photon have for this reaction to occur is 10 MeV
The nuclear reaction is (28,14)Si+ γ---(24,12)Si+He(2,4)
The binding energy that holds the nuclide is
E=Δmc^2
where Δm is the mass defect
Δm=27.976927+0-[23.985042+4.002602]
Δm=-0.010717x1.66054x10^-27 kg
So the minimum energy of photon should be
ΔE=Δmc^2=0.017796x10^-27x(3x10^8)^2/1.6x10^-19 V
ΔE= 10 MeV
Binding energy is the energy required to separate a particle from a system of particles.The mass of any stable nucleus is found to be less than the sum of the mass of all the protons and neutrons inside the nucleus. This lost mass is stored in the form of energy that keeps the nucleus together and is termed as binding energy.To learn more about binding energy visit:
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it takes 238 kj/mol to break a carbon-iodine single bond. calculate the maximum wavelength of light for which a carbon-iodine single bond could be broken by absorbing a single photon.
The maximum wavelength of light for which a carbon iodine single bond could be broken by absorbing a single photon is 503 nm
Energy per mole EA = NA . he/ λ
= λ= NaHe/EA
= (6-023 x 1023 mol-1) x (60626 x 10-3495) x (378108 ms-1)/(238 x 103 J mol-1)
= 0.503x10-6 m
= 503x10-9m
= 503 nm
[ λ= wavelength ]
[ NA= Avagrado's Number ]
The wavelengths of the visible mild range between 400-700 nanometers, that is among the infrared having longer wavelengths and the ultraviolet having shorter wavelengths. The wavelength of the visible mild suggests that its frequency is about 430-750 terahertz (THz).
The wavelength of light is the space between corresponding factors in two adjoining mild cycles, and the frequency of mild is the quantity of cycles of mild that skip a given factor in a single second.
A single wavelength is much less than 1.2 meters; it could be observed with the aid of dividing 1.2 meters by means of 1.5. The wavelength of the third harmonic is 0.8 meters.
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crystals of anhydrous chromium(iii) chloride are violet and insoluble in aqueous solution. the coordination geometry of chromium in these crystals is octahedral, as is almost always the case for cr3 . how can this be the case if the ratio of cr to cl is not 1:6?
The coordination geometry of an octahedron is determined by the number of atoms or ions that are bonded to the central atom. In the case of chromium(III) chloride crystals, the chromium atom is surrounded by six chloride ions, which gives it an octahedral coordination geometry.
However, the ratio of chromium to chlorine in the formula of chromium(III) chloride, CrCl3, is not 1:6. The formula indicates that there is one chromium atom for every three chlorine atoms, which would not produce an octahedral coordination geometry if the atoms were bonded directly to each other.
One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that the chromium and chlorine atoms are not bonded directly to each other in the crystal structure.
Instead, the chromium atom may be surrounded by a group of six chloride ions that are bonded to each other, forming an octahedron. This would allow the coordination geometry of the chromium atom to be octahedral even though the ratio of chromium to chlorine atoms in the formula is not 1:6.
Alternatively, the chromium and chlorine atoms may be bonded to each other through intermediate atoms or ions, such as water molecules.
In this case, the coordination geometry of the chromium atom would still be octahedral because it would be bonded to six chlorine atoms, even though the overall ratio of chromium to chlorine atoms in the formula would not be 1:6.
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What does bromine and oxygen make?.
be sure to answer all parts. write structural formulas for all the isomeric nitrotoluenes. ortho derivative draw structure ... meta derivative draw structure ... para derivative draw structure ...
Create structural formulas and give all the isomeric compounds respectable names (a) Nitrotoluenes: (a) To the methyl group, the nitro group may be ortho, meta, or para.
What is the purpose of nitrotoluene?
In the manufacturing of pigments, antioxidants, agricultural chemicals, and photographic chemicals, nitrotoluene is typically used. For the purpose of detecting explosives, ortho- and para-mononitrotoluene can be utilised as detection taggants.
How is nitrotoluene produced?
Fractional distillation is a method that can be used to separate the combination of p-nitrotoluene and o-nitrotoluene. Thus, benzene is changed into p-nitrotoluene by first changing it into toluene, which is then changed into a combination of o-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene. Finally, the mixture is separated into its component parts by fractional distillation to produce p-nitrotoluene.
Briefing
Formula of p-nitrotoluene?
CH3C6H4NO2
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which of the compounds below would contain polar covalent bonds? f2, n2o, kcl view available hint(s)for part a which of the compounds below would contain polar covalent bonds? f2, n2o, kcl n2o only f2 only kcl only both f2 and n2o
Fluorine and Nitrogen are both non-metals which posses non polar covalent bonds. So in this case, only KCl has polar covalent bond.
Before solving, let us understand the meaning of covalent and ionic bonds and how to identify them.
Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Therefore, the polar covalent bond is shown by KCl as it shows sharing of equal electrons amongst them.
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