The giant crushers lifted the boulders and quickly _________ them into a uniform gray powder.
The giant crusher lifted the boulders and quickly pulverized them into a uniform gray powder.
Pulverization is defined as the process of applying an external force to a solid material of a certain size to destroy it and reduce it into pieces that are smaller than the original size. It has long been done for many materials including ore, glass, ceramics, grains, paints and medicines. The purpose of pulverization are for the pretreatment for separation of active ingredients, production of powder with particle size suitable for the purpose, surface modification of particles, formation of particles composites and the pretreatment of material synthesis. It is being used not only for reducing particle size but also as an operation for developing new materials.
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in any organic redox reaction, you can recognize the reduced and oxidized organic molecules by tracking the charges between products and reactants. reduction corresponds to an increased charge . oxidation corresponds to
Reduction corresponds to an increased charge, while oxidation corresponds to a decreased charge.
Reduction involves a decrease in oxidation number and an increase in charge. On the contrary, oxidation of a compound or an element in a reaction involves increase in oxidation number and a decrease in overall charge.
Reduction is a process in which hydrogen ions are added to the reactant, while oxidation experiences a loss of hydrogen ions. Another aspect of redox reactions involves addition of electrons in reduction, while loss of electrons in oxidation. Redox reactions are the chemical reactions in which there is a chemical change in the substrate or the reactants. Where reduction stores energy, oxidation releases it.
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Calculate each quantity & show all steps.a. The average rate of the reaction between 10 and 20 secondsb. The instantaneous rate of the reaction at 30 seconds.c. The instantaneous rate of formation of O2 at 50 seconds.d. If the initial volum of the H2O2 is 1.5 L, what total amount of O2 (in moles) is formed in the first 50 seconds of reaction?
The average rate of the reaction between 10 and 20 seconds is 0.0095 M.s⁻¹, the instantaneous rate of the reaction at 30 seconds is 0.00629 M.s⁻¹, the instantaneous rate of formation of O2 at 50 seconds is 0.003357 M.s⁻¹.
a) at 10s, [H₂O₂] - 0.75M ; at 20s, [H₂O₂] - 0.56M. Thus,
Rate = -[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]Δ[tex]\frac{H_{2}O_{2} }{t_{} }[/tex] = -[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex][tex]\frac{-0.19M}{10s}[/tex] = 0.0095 M.s⁻¹
b) Looking at the dotted line and picking as two points, the "intercepts" just for convenience-you could use any two points), I get the points (0 s, 0.78 M) and (62s, 0 M). Thus,
Rate = -[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]Δ[tex]\frac{H_{2}O_{2} }{t_{} }[/tex] = -[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex][tex]\frac{-0.78M}{62s}[/tex] = 0.00629 M.s⁻¹
c) Looking at the dashed line, the y-intercept is (0 s, 0.55 M), and another point is (70. s. 0.08 M), Thus:
Rate = -[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]Δ[tex]\frac{H_{2}O_{2} }{t_{} }[/tex] = -[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex][tex]\frac{-0.47M}{70s}[/tex] = 0.003357 M.s⁻¹
d) [H₂O₂]₆₀ - 0.22M ; [H₂O₂]₀ - 1.00M
thus Δ[H₂O₂] - 0.78M, [H₂O₂] was lost in the first 50sec
0.59molO₂
e)Looking at the dot dash line, we know that the y-intercept is 0s, 1.00M and the x-intercept is 36s, 0M. Thus,
Rate = -[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]Δ[tex]\frac{H_{2}O_{2} }{t_{} }[/tex] = -[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex][tex]\frac{-1.00M}{36s}[/tex] = 0.0138 M.s⁻¹
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an analytical chemist is titrating of a solution of ethylamine with a solution of . the of ethylamine is . calculate the ph of the base solution after the chemist has added of the solution to it. note for advanced students: you may assume the final volume equals the initial volume of the solution plus the volume of solution added. round your answer to decimal places.
The pH of the base solution at the equivalence point is 11
To solve this problem, we need to use the principles of acid-base titration. Since ethylamine is a weak base, it will react with the strong acid solution to form its conjugate acid, ethylammonium ion.
We can start by writing the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ethylamine (C2H5NH2) and hydrochloric acid (HCl):
C2H5NH2 + HCl → C2H5NH3+Cl-
From this equation, we can see that one mole of ethylamine reacts with one mole of HCl to form one mole of ethylammonium chloride (C2H5NH3+Cl-).
The next step is to calculate the number of moles of ethylamine that are present in the initial solution. We can use the formula:
moles = concentration x volume
Substituting the given values, we get:
moles of C2H5NH2 = 0.15 M x volume of C2H5NH2
Since we don't know the volume of the ethylamine solution, we can't calculate the moles of ethylamine yet. However, we can use the fact that when the solution is titrated with the HCl solution, the number of moles of HCl added will be equal to the number of moles of ethylamine present in the solution at the equivalence point. This is because all the ethylamine will react with the HCl to form ethylammonium ion.
We can therefore set up the equation:
moles of HCl added = moles of C2H5NH2 initially present
Since we know the concentration and volume of the HCl solution added, we can calculate the moles of HCl added:
moles of HCl added = 0.25 M x 0.03 L = 0.0075 moles
Substituting this value into the equation above, we get:
0.0075 moles = 0.15 M x volume of C2H5NH2
Solving for the volume of C2H5NH2, we get:
volume of C2H5NH2 = 0.0075 moles / 0.15 M = 0.05 L = 50 mL
Now that we know the volume of the ethylamine solution, we can calculate the concentration of ethyl ammonium ion at the equivalence point. Since the reaction between ethylamine and HCl is a 1:1 reaction, the moles of ethyl ammonium ion formed will also be 0.0075 moles. We can use the formula:
concentration = moles / volume
Substituting the given values, we get:
concentration of C2H5NH3+ = 0.0075 moles / 0.1 L = 0.075 M
Finally, we can calculate the pH of the solution at the equivalence point. Since ethylammonium ion is the conjugate acid of the weak base ethylamine, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa + log([C2H5NH3+]/[C2H5NH2])
The pKa of ethylamine is approximately 10.6, so we can substitute this value and the concentration of ethylammonium ion into the equation:
pH = 10.6 + log(0.075/0.075)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
pH = 10.6 + log(1)
pH = 10.6
pH = 10.6 ≈ 11.
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What is the definition of an ionic bond?
Answer:
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed by the attraction of two ions with opposite charges.
Explanation:
Answer:
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed by the attraction of two ions with opposite charges. This bond is formed when a metal cation loses electrons to a nonmetal anion, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that are attracted to each other.
Explanation:
What would be the theoretical yield of CO2 in grams if there is 6.4 amount of moles present?
Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be obtained from a given amount of reactant, assuming complete conversion of the reactant.
What do you mean by reactants?
Reactants are the substances that are involved in a chemical reaction. Reactants are typically made up of two or more elements or compounds that are combined to create a new substance, the product. Reactants are consumed in a reaction, and the product is what is left over after the reaction has taken place.
The theoretical yield of CO2 in grams is calculated using the following equation:
Mass (g) = Moles (mol) x Molar Mass (g/mol)
Mass (g) = 6.4 mol x 44.01 g/mol
Mass (g) = 281.264 g
Hence, the theoretical yield of CO2 in grams would be 281.264 g.
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for a reaction that starts with 2.2 moles of no 2 gas in a 0.40 l container, what is the concentration of n 2o 4 in the container after one half-life of the reaction? give your answer in units of mol/l with two significant figures
Rounding to two significant figures, the concentration of N2O4 in the container after one half-life of the reaction is 1.4 mol/L.
The balanced equation shows that 2 moles of NO2 react to form 1 mole of N2O4. Therefore, the number of moles of N2O4 that are formed during the reaction will be half of the number of moles of NO2 that react.
After one half-life of the reaction, half of the NO2 will have reacted. Therefore, the number of moles of NO2 remaining in the container will be: 2.2 mol / 2 = 1.1 mol
Since 2 moles of NO2 react to form 1 mole of N2O4, the number of moles of N2O4 that are formed will also be half of the number of moles of NO2 that reacted, which is 1.1/2 = 0.55 mol.
The volume of the container is 0.40 L, so the concentration of N2O4 in the container will be:
C(N2O4) = moles of N2O4 / volume of container
= 0.55 mol / 0.40 L
= 1.4 mol/L
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When a 0.680 g
sample of olive oil is burned in a calorimeter, the heat released increases the temperature of 370 g
of water from 22.7 ∘C
to 39.0 ∘C
. What is the energy value of the olive oil in kcal/g
?
Express your answer using two significant figures.
45.3 Kj is the correct answer
What is energy ?
Energy is a property of matter and radiation that is the ability to do work. It can take many forms, including thermal energy, light energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy, and chemical energy. Energy can be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed, according to the law of conservation of energy. Energy is essential for many processes and activities in the natural world, such as photosynthesis in plants, movement of ocean currents, and generation of electricity in power plants. In physics, energy is often described as a scalar quantity and is typically measured in units of joules (J) or electron volts (eV).
q = mCdT = (370g)(4.184J/g/deg)(16.4deg) = 25389J = 25.389 kJ. Since you have 0.560 g of oil, the energy per gram is 25.389 kJ/0.560g = 45.34 kJ/g = 45.3 kJ/g (to 3 sig figs)
1 cal = 4.184 j so hopefully you can convert to calories and kcal etc.
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the half-life of a certain radioactive material is 4 days. the length of time it will take for the material to decay to 17 of its original mass is
If the half-life of a certain radioactive material is 4 days. the length of time it will take for the material to decay to 17 of its original mass is 11.06 days.
To solve this problem, we can use the formula for exponential decay:
N(t) = N0 * (1/2)²(t/T)
where:
N(t) is the amount of the radioactive material remaining after time t
N0 is the initial amount of the radioactive material
T is the half-life of the radioactive material
We want to find the time it will take for the material to decay to 1/7 of its original mass, which means that N(t) = N0/7.
Using the formula above and plugging in the given values, we get:
N0/7 = N0 * (1/2)²(t/4)
Dividing both sides by N0 and taking the natural logarithm of both sides, we get:
ln(1/7) = ln(1/2)²(t/4)
ln(1/7) = (t/4) * ln(1/2)
t = (4/ln(1/2)) * ln(1/7)
t ≈ 11.06 days
Therefore, it will take approximately 11.06 days for the radioactive material to decay to 1/7 of its original mass, given a half-life of 4 days.
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What is the mole ratio for hydrochloric acid and chlorine?
2MnO2 + 4HCl → 2MnCl2 + 2H2O + 2Cl2
Answer:
4:2 (2:1 simplified)
Explanation:
Check the coefficients!
10. Oil formed from ---
that were once alive.
A. Plants
B. Plants and animals
It should be b
oil was formed from sea animals and bacteria or plants like algae. hope this helps!
which of the following is true in general of all cations? group of answer choices a cation has equal numbers of protons and electrons. a cation has fewer protons than electrons. a cation has more protons than electrons. a cation has more protons than neutrons.
Cation has more protons than electrons.
What traits do cations possess?
An ion with positive charge is referred to as a cation because it has more protons than electrons (negatively-charged particles). When an atom loses one or more electrons, cations are created because the total charge of the atom becomes positive due to the loss of the negatively charged electron(s).
If an atom loses one of its electrons, the atom will now have more protons than neutrons and will thus be positively charged. The ratio of electrons to protons will alter significantly upon the formation of a cation. Protons will outnumber electrons in number. No matter what kind of cations are created, the connection between protons and electrons remains the same.
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What is the name for the process of determining the concentration of a solution by slowly adding a known solution to it using a buret?
The process of determining the concentration of a solution by slowly adding a known solution to it using a buret is commonly referred to as titration.
Titration is a laboratory technique that is widely used to determine the concentration of a solution. In this method, a buret is filled with a known solution of a specific concentration, often referred to as the titrant. A second solution, called the analyte, is placed in a flask or beaker and an indicator is added to it. The indicator is a chemical substance that changes color or exhibits some other type of visual change when it reacts with the titrant.
The buret is then used to slowly add the titrant to the analyte. The point at which the reaction between the titrant and analyte is complete is indicated by the change in the appearance of the indicator. This change marks the end point of the titration and is used to determine the concentration of the analyte.
Titrations can be performed for a variety of purposes, including determining the amount of an unknown substance in a sample, determining the purity of a substance, and determining the reaction rate between two substances. The technique is particularly useful because it is precise and accurate, and it can be used to determine the concentration of a wide range of substances, including acids, bases, and redox compounds.
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Lit + e- Li
In a lithium ion battery, the following reaction occurs. When the device is charging (adding e-) which direction does the reversible reaction occur?
A.Forward to make more products
B.Reverse to make more reactants
C.No change will occur in the system
D. The battery explodes
In a lithium ion battery, redox reaction occurs and hence no change will occur in the system when the device is charging.
What are redox reactions?Redox reactions comprise of two parts a reduced part and an oxidized part, which occur simultaneously . The part which is reduced gain electrons and hence there is a increase in oxidation state of the species.
While, the part which is oxidized looses electrons and hence there is a decrease in oxidation state of the species.During redox reactions, there is no net change in the number of electrons . Electrons which are given off in oxidation are used up in reduction.
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Scientists plan to use selective breeding to produce a new type of wheat for farmers who live in northern areas with short summer seasons. Which of these traits would be MOST useful for these farmers?
C. Fast growth rate would be the most useful trait for these farmers.
Selective breeding is used to produce a crop with desired characteristics, such as a fast growth rate. A fast growth rate is beneficial to farmers in northern areas with short summer seasons because it allows the wheat to mature quickly and be harvested in a shorter amount of time, thus providing a larger yield despite the shorter growing season.Selective breeding is a process of selecting chemical compounds with specific desired properties and breeding them together to create a new compound with the desired traits. This is done by rearranging the chemical bonds between the two compounds and creating a new molecule with the desired characteristics. This process is known as chemical hybridization.
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complete question:Scientists plan to use selective breeding to produce a new type of wheat for farmers who live in northern areas with short summer seasons. Which of these traits would be MOST useful for these farmers?
a.large seed size
b.long stem length
c.fast growth rate
d.shallow root systems
the equilibrium fraction of lattice sites that are vacant in silver (ag) at 700c is 2 x 10-6. calculate the number of vacancies (per meter cubed) at 700c. assume a density of 10.35 g/cm3 for ag.
the number of vacancies per cubic meter of silver at 700°C is approximately 5.16 x [tex]10^{19}[/tex]
The number of vacancies per cubic meter can be calculated using the equation:
n_v = N exp(-Q_v / kT) * C_v
where:
n_v = number of vacancies per cubic meter
N = Avogadro's number = 6.022 x [tex]10^{-23}[/tex]atoms/mole
Q_v = vacancy formation energy = 0.92 eV/atom for silver
k = Boltzmann's constant = 8.617 x [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] eV/K
T = temperature in Kelvin = 700 + 273 = 973 K
C_v = equilibrium fraction of lattice sites that are vacant = 2 x 10^-6
density of Ag = 10.35 g/cm = 10,350 kg/m (1 g/cm = 1000 kg/m)
Plugging in the values:
n_v = 6.022 x [tex]10^{-23}[/tex] ×(-0.92 / (8.617 x [tex]10^{-5}[/tex] × 973)) × (2 x[tex]10^{-6}[/tex]) × 10,350
n_v = 5.16 x [tex]10^{19}[/tex] vacancies/m
Therefore, the number of vacancies per cubic meter of silver at 700°C is approximately 5.16 x [tex]10^{19}[/tex]
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During the nitrogen cycle, through which structure are nitrogen compounds first absorbed into the plant?
A. Roots
B. Leaves
C. Flower
D. Steam
how many liters of nh3 at 850 c and 5.00 atm are required to react with 1.00 mole of o2 in this reaction?
10.54L of NH3 at 850°C and 5.00 atm are required to react with 1.00 mole of O2 in this reaction.
Given the temperature of NH3 = 850°C = 850 + 273 = 1123K
The pressure of NH3 = 5atm
Number of moles of O2 = 1
The volume of NH3 = V
The reaction equation is:
[tex]4NH3 + 7O2 --- > 4NO2 + 6H2O[/tex]
4 moles of ammonia and 7 moles of oxygen gas react.
1 mole of oxygen gas and 1 mole of ammonia react.
Ammonia is equal to 0.5714 moles.
From the equation of ideal gas law: PV = nRT where R = 0.0821 L atm/ K mol which is a gas constant such that:
[tex]5.00 atm * V = 0.5714 moles * 0.0821 L atm/ K mol * 1123K[/tex]
V = 10.54 L
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complete question: In the first step of the industrial process for making nitric acid, ammonia reacts with oxygen in the presence of a suitable catalyst to form nitric oxide and water vapor: 4NH3 + 7O2 -> 4NO2 + 6H2O. How many liters of NH3 at 850 °C and 5.00 atm are required to react with 1.00 mol of O2 in this reaction?
a solution is prepared with 3.85 grams of a non ionic unkwon compound in 100.0g cyclohexane. the solution had a freezing point of 4.18c. what is the molar mass
3.85 grammes of a non-ionic unidentified substance are dissolved in 100.0 grammes of cyclohexane to create a solution. The solution's freezing point was 4.18 c. The molar mass is 186.
Kf of cyclohexane = 20.2 C0/m
ΔTf =i* kf * m
i= 1 for non-electrolyte
4.18 = 1*20.2*m
m = 4.18/20.2 = 0.207m
molality = W*1000/G.M.Wt* weight of solvent
0.207 = 3.85*1000/G.M.Wt*100
G.M.Wt = 3.85*1000/0.207*100 = 186g/mole
the molar mass of the unknown compound is 186
A substance's molar mass is its mass in grammes per mole of the chemical. A mole is 6.022 1023 molecules of any given chemical. A mole is a unit used to quantitatively quantify the size of the tiniest entities, much like how we use a standard number to compute many things, such as how a dozen equals twelve objects.
Everybody is interested in learning how many molecules are there in a given substance. In terms of size and mass, molecules and atoms are incredibly small. The weight of one sample mole is known as the molar mass. The molar mass is determined by adding the atomic masses (atomic weights) of each atom in the molecule.
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a stopper was found to have a mass of 5.06 g. when placed in a graduated cylinder containing 45.2 ml of water, the volume of the stopper and water was found to be 49.4 ml. calculate the density of the stopper. enter your final answer with two (2) significant figures.
The density of an object is its mass divided by volume. The mass of a the stopper is given 5.06 g with a volume of 4.2 ml . Then the density of the stopper is 1.2 g/ml.
What is density ?Density of substance is the measure of its mass per unit volume. It describes how closely its particles are packed. Density depends on the bond type, temperature and pressure.
Volume of the object is the space occupied by its particles. Volume can be expressed in L, ml, cm³, dm³ etc. Only solids and liquids has a definite volume and the volume of gases is that of the container.
Give that, volume of water = 45.2 ml
Total volume = 49.4 ml.
then volume of stopper = 49.4 - 45.2 = 4.2 ml.
Mass of stopper = 5.06 kg
density = mass/volume
= 5.06 g / 4.2 ml
= 1.2 g/ml
Therefore, the density of the stopper is 1.2 g/ml.
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Matter is anything that has mass and………
O energy
O volume
O gravity
O plasma
how many moles of barium are in a 25.0 g sample of barium? your answer should have three significant figures.
1 mole is equal to 6.023 × 10 ²³ molecules. 0.182 moles of barium are in a 25.0 g sample of barium.
What do you mean by mole ?The term mole is defined as the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities.
One mole of any substance is equal to 6.023 × 10²³ units of that substance such as atoms, molecules, or ions. The number 6.023 × 10²³ is called as Avogadro's number or Avogadro's constant.
The mole concept can be used to convert between mass and number of particles.
I mole of any molecule = 6.023 × 10 ²³
1 mole of barium = 137.328g
To calculate moles, divide mass by molar mass yields number of moles.
25.0g barium × 1mol barium 137.328g barium
= 0.182mol barium
Thus, 0.182 moles of barium are in a 25.0 g sample of barium.
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oil is less dense than water b. oil is immiscible (does not dissolve) in water c. oil is both less dense and immiscible with water d. water is heavier than oi
The statement that correctly describes the relationship between oil and water is: "Oil is both less dense and immiscible with water."
Oil is less dense than water, which means that it will float on top of water when the two are combined in a container. Additionally, oil and water are immiscible, which means that they do not mix together to form a homogenous solution. Instead, the oil will form droplets or a separate layer on top of the water.
Water is actually heavier than oil, which is why the less dense oil floats on top of it. This property of oil and water has important implications in various industries, such as in the separation of oil from water during oil spills or in the purification of water.
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what are the oxidation states of s in sulfate and sulfide? b. write the balanced half-reaction for the reduction of sulfate to sulfide. (since this is a half- reaction, electrons will appear in the final reaction.)
From the given information, the oxidation state of sulfur in sulfate (SO₄²⁻) is +6, while in sulfide (S²⁻) it is -2.
The oxidation state of an atom can be determined by a set of rules, which assigns electrons to the more electronegative atom in a bond, or to the atom with a higher formal charge.
The balanced half-reaction for the reduction of sulfate to sulfide can be written as follows:
SO₄²⁻+ 8H+ + 8e- → H₂S + 4H₂O
In this half-reaction, sulfate is being reduced to sulfide by gaining 8 electrons and 8 hydrogen ions (H⁺) on the left-hand side of the equation. The right-hand side of the equation shows the products of the reaction, which are hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and water (H₂O).
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what is/are the diagnostic signal(s) in the ir spectrum of the indanol product that suggests that the desired product is being formed? is it possible to tell whether any unreacted starting material is present?
The presence of a hydroxyl group (OH) stretching at around 3300–3500 cm-1 and a carbonyl group (C=O) stretching at about 1700–1750 cm-1 are two diagnostic signal indications in the IR spectrum of the indanol product that point to the formation of the intended product.
Diagnostic signals are distinct traits that can be utilised to determine if a molecule, functional group, or physical attribute is present or absent in a spectrum or analysis. Diagnostic signals are signals that are specific to a certain chemical structure or bond, allowing for the identification of the compound or the presence of specific functional groups, in the context of spectroscopy. These signals can be utilised to locate and measure the target molecule or functional group because they are frequently connected to certain peaks, wavelengths, or frequencies. Chemical analysis frequently relies on diagnostic signals because they make it possible to precisely and accurately identify certain substances or functional groups in intricate combinations.
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the strength of peptidoglycan resides in group of answer choices sugar polymers. peptide linkages. d-amino acids. both a and b all of the above
The strength of peptidoglycan resides in both sugar polymers and peptide linkages, so the correct answer is "both a and b."
Peptidoglycan is a polymer that makes up the cell wall of most bacteria. It consists of long chains of sugar molecules (N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid) linked together by peptide chains composed of both L- and D-amino acids. These peptide chains provide strength and rigidity to the peptidoglycan, while the sugar polymers give it a flexible and porous structure.
The peptide linkages are particularly important for the strength of the peptidoglycan because they form cross-links between adjacent sugar chains, creating a mesh-like network that provides the cell wall with its strength and shape. The D-amino acids are also crucial for the stability of the peptide chains, as they make the cell wall resistant to degradation by bacterial enzymes that would otherwise break down the peptide bonds.
In summary, both the sugar polymers and peptide linkages are important for the strength of peptidoglycan, making "both a and b" the correct answer.
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Please help now ASAP I don’t get it
The total mass of the products is 125 g
What is the law of the conservation of mass?The law of conservation of mass, also known as the principle of mass conservation, states that the total mass of a closed system remains constant over time, regardless of the changes that may occur within the system. This means that the mass of the system can change form, but the total mass remains the same.
The law of conservation of mass is a fundamental principle in physics and is widely accepted as a basic law of nature. It is based on the idea that matter can be neither created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
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what is(are) the most plausible parameter value(s) for the alternative model given the observations? derive the mle(s) formula(ae). (you do not need to calculate the value(s).) enter in terms of (type g i) and (type t i).
The correct answer is
A reasonably straightforward technique for creating an estimate for an unknown parameter is maximum likelihood (MLE).
Assume that the random variables X1, , and Xn make up a random sample from the distribution f(x|); f(x|) is a point mass function for continuous random variables and a pdf for discrete random variables, respectively. We use the sign — to denote the fact that the distribution also depends on the parameter, which might be either a single parameter or a vector of parameters with real values. We define f(x1, , xn|) = f(x1|) f(xn|) for each observed random sample x1, , xn (1)
The joint probability is f(x1, , xn|) if f(x|) is pmf and the joint density function is f(x1, , xn|) if f(x|) is pdf. The likelihood function is now denoted by the notation f(x1, , xn|). As can be seen, the unknown parameter affects the likelihood function.
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of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for mg, na, p, si and ar?
The proper order is Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar. As a result of the valence electrons' low nucleostatic attraction, sodium (Na) has the biggest atomic radius.
The electrons' orbitals get bigger and bigger as we go from top to bottom, increasing the atomic size.S and Ar are hence real. S is the largest element on the periodic table since it is on the left. Na has the most atoms of any of the other elements mentioned. Due to its position to the right of silicon, phosphorus will have a lower atomic radius for an uncharged atom than silicon. Due to its position to the right of silicon, phosphorus will have a lower atomic radius for an uncharged atom than silicon. The atomic radius grows in a group from top to bottom and decreases across a period, as seen in the figures below. The smallest element is therefore helium, whereas the largest is francium.
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What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion properties?
Cohesion is the force that holds the same substance together, while adhesion is the force that holds different substances together.
Cohesion refers to the force of attraction between the same type of molecules within a substance. It is the bond between molecules of the same substance, such as the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. This property determines the internal strength of a substance and is responsible for the ability of a liquid to maintain its shape and not flow easily. For example, water is said to have high cohesion because its molecules are strongly attracted to each other, giving it its characteristic cohesive behavior.
Adhesion, on the other hand, refers to the force of attraction between two different substances. It is the bond between molecules of different substances, such as the attraction between water and a glass surface. This property determines the ability of a substance to stick to other substances, such as when a droplet of water adheres to a window. For example, gecko lizards can climb smooth surfaces because of the strong adhesion between their feet and the surface.
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