The total number of bacterial cells in a solution, including living and dead cells, can be calculated via serial dilutions. incorrect because since serial dilutions are employed to determine the microbe concentration.
The sample is diluted and plated to obtain a sufficient number of colonies to count as it is typically hard to count the number of microorganisms in a sample. The number of colonies, or Colony Forming Units, is a good indicator of the quantity of viable microorganisms because each colony on an agar plate theoretically developed from a single microbe. Since we diluted and distributed the plate, they only identified 7 viable cells in the culture, which means they only discovered living cells in the culture.
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ccording to your results from the pulse rate lab, arteries closest to the heart have a greater pulse intensity. why do you think this is?
Arteries closest to the heart have a greater pulse intensity due to the stronger force of blood being pumped by the heart. This results in a stronger pulse wave that can be felt more easily.
The pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is pumped through it by the heart. The intensity of the pulse can vary depending on factors such as heart rate, blood volume, and the elasticity of the artery walls. The pulse can be felt in different areas of the body, such as the wrist, neck, or ankle, where arteries are located closer to the surface of the skin.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and to the body's tissues. The closer an artery is to the heart, the stronger the force of blood being pumped by the heart. This results in a stronger pulse wave that can be felt more easily.
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a number of passengers on a cruise ship from new york to california have recently developed some illness symptoms compatible with a type of coronavirus, covid-19. testing for this coronavirus is not readily available on any nearby island, and the test takes several days even where available. assuming you are the epidemiologist called on to board the ship and investigate this possible outbreak. which variables might you include in characterizing the outbreak described by person? (choose all that apply) group of answer choices
As an epidemiologist called on to investigate a possible COVID-19 outbreak on a cruise ship, there are several variables that would be important to consider in characterizing the outbreak.
These variables would help to understand the extent of the outbreak, identify possible sources of infection, and implement appropriate public health interventions. The following are some of the variables that might be included:
Number of Cases: The first variable to consider would be the number of passengers who have developed illness symptoms compatible with COVID-19. This information would provide a sense of the scale of the outbreak and help to determine whether it is a localized outbreak or a more widespread epidemic.
Timeframe of Onset: It would be important to know when the first cases of illness appeared and the time frame of onset for subsequent cases. This information would help to identify the likely incubation period for the virus and determine the rate of transmission.
Demographic Information: Demographic information such as age, gender, occupation, and nationality can provide important clues as who is most affected by the outbreak and whether there are any patterns in the spread of the virus. For example, if most cases are in a particular age group or occupation, it could suggest that the virus is spreading through a common activity or location.
Symptomatology: It would be important to document the specific symptoms experienced by the passengers. COVID-19 typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath, but other symptoms may also be present. Knowing the range of symptoms experienced by passengers would help to identify cases that may be missed if testing is not available.
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How do you split cells in biology?
To split cells in biology, you can use a process called cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm and organelles between two daughter cells
In biology, the process of splitting cells is known as cytokinesis. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis is the process of a single cell dividing into two identical daughter cells. It occurs in somatic (body) cells and is used for growth and repair. During mitosis, the DNA is replicated and the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Meiosis, on the other hand, is the process of a single cell dividing into four non-identical daughter cells. It occurs in germ cells (cells used for reproduction) and is used to create gametes (sperm and egg cells). During meiosis, the DNA is replicated and the cell goes through two rounds of division, resulting in the production of four haploid cells.
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hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia by: a. increasing phosphate excretion b. increasing serum magnesium c. blocking release of calcium from bone d. blocking action of intestinal vitamin d
Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia by d) blocking the action of intestinal vitamin D. The parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is produced by the parathyroid gland, plays a key role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body.
PTH acts on several organs, including the kidneys, bones, and intestines, to increase calcium levels in the blood. One of the ways it does this is by stimulating the production of active vitamin D in the kidneys, which in turn increases calcium absorption in the intestines.
In hypoparathyroidism, the parathyroid gland does not produce enough PTH, leading to decreased calcium levels in the blood. This occurs because the production of active vitamin D is reduced, which decreases calcium absorption in the intestines, and also leads to increased calcium and phosphate loss through the kidneys.
Hypocalcemia can cause a variety of symptoms, such as muscle cramps, tremors, and seizures, and it can be a medical emergency if left untreated.
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in what ways do the macroscopic features of bacterial colonies differ from those of molds
Bacterial colonies are typically smooth while mold colonies are fuzzy. Molds are typically white, gray or green while bacteria come in a variety of colors.
Bacterial colonies are masses of bacterial cells isolated from a single bacterium on a thick media. Within the colony, all bacteria are genetically identical and may be termed clones. Many bacteria colonies are spherical or irregular in shape. Others are actinomycetes with filamentous or rhizoid roots.
Many bacteria colonies are tiny, measuring less than 1 mm in diameter. Be a result, they are referred to as punctiform (pin-point). They, too, have a set margin. The microscope should be used to examine the tip. The color of the colony varies depending on the species. White, buff, violet, purple, and so on.
The surface of the bacterial colonies might be smooth, gleaming, rough, drab, or craggy (wrinkled). Their texture might be butyrous (buttery), viscid (sticks to ring, difficult to remove), brittle/friable (dry, breaks apart), or mucoid (sticky, mucus-like).
Fungus are eukaryotic organisms that include yeast, filamentous fungi, and mushrooms. Fungi thrive in moist, warm environments. They can be classified based on their morphological and molecular characteristics. Fungi formation on solid medium such as potato dextrose agar may clearly predict morphological properties (PDA).
PDA is a popular instrument in labs for growing fungus. When cultivated in stable medium, fungi form colonies. Fungal colony morphologies change amongst different species of fungus. Characteristics such as pigmentation and texture can be noticed in fungus colonies.
Fungi colonies differ from bacterial colonies. Fungi appear as powdery or fuzzy textured colonies. Hyphae of fungi spread through the solid medium, forming colonies of rhizoids or filaments. Fungal colonies may not be visible as little greasy spots. Colors of mycelium and spores also differ widely amongst fungus species. A comparison of bacterial and fungal colonies.
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Does protein expression begin with transcription or translation?
a. translation
b. transcription
Option B, transcription describes protein expression begin with.
Protein expression is the process by which a gene is transformed into a functional protein, and it begins with transcription. Transcription is the first step in the process and evolution the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA molecule carries a copy of the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome, where translation occurs. Translation is the process by which the genetic information in the mRNA is used to construct a protein molecule. The ribosome reads the sequence of codons in the mRNA and uses it to assemble the corresponding evolution of amino acids to form a protein. Thus, transcription is the first step in the process of protein expression, and it must occur before translation can take place.
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how does the classical complement pathway shown in the video differ from the alternative complement pathway?
The alternative complement route can be triggered by C3 hydrolysis, foreign particles, infections, or injured cells, but the conventional complement pathway normally requires antigen—antibody complex (immune complexes) to activation (specific immune response).
Complementary receptor 1 (CR1) on CD35: lectin-based, conventional, and alternative pathways. The transmembrane glycoprotein CD35 works as a co-factor to factor I in the breakdown of C3b and C4b and promotes the decay of C3/C5 step down transformer in both the conventional and alternative pathways. A chain of events that activates the lectin, alternative, and classical pathways results in the membrane assault complex. The immune system includes them. For pathway start, each has its own set of proteins. One of three complements routes that opsonize and eliminate infections is the alternative pathway.
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What are the main differences between domain bacteria and archaea?
The key distinction between archaea and normal bacteria is that the cell wall of an archaeon is made up of a special kind of chemical called pseudo murein, which is not present in bacteria.
In contrast to bacteria, archaea can survive in more friendly conditions like salt lakes and hot springs. More so than bacteria, archaea rely on anaerobic respiration and fermentation to exist. They also have a different form of metabolism. Finally, compared to bacteria, archaea have a different set of genetic material that is all their own. The Bacteria and Archaea domains have very different cell walls in terms of composition. peptidoglycan, a mixture of proteins and sugars, makes up the cell walls of bacteria, whereas polysaccharides make up the cell walls of archaea (sugars).
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True/false? water is the trigger for the embryo to begin the enzymatic breakdown of the starchy endosperm.
It is TRUE that the enzymatic degradation of the starchy endosperm in the embryo is set in motion by water.
The embryo and endosperm, two separate structures, begin to form in angiosperms as a result of a double fertilization event. By providing nutrition, safeguarding the embryo, and regulating embryo growth by functioning as a mechanical barrier throughout seed development and germination, the endosperm plays a crucial part in sustaining embryonic growth.
In the cereal endosperm, there are four primary cell types: the starchy endosperm, the aleurone layer, transfer cells, and the area around the embryo. Cereal grains' starchy endosperm, which provides nutrients for seed germination and seedling establishment, is the main tissue for accumulating seed reserves.
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carolus linnaeus classified species based upon _____ but not upon _____.
Carolus linnaeus based his classification of species based on phycical charecteristics like body structure and not evolutonary relationships.
Who was Carlos Linnaeus?This Swedish botanist, biologist, taxonomist, and physician formalised the current system of animal names. He is well-known for being the "creator of modern taxonomy." Latinically, his name is Carolus Linnaeus; after his ennoblement in 1761, it became Carolus a Linné. He completed his studies in the Netherlands, also the location of the initial publication of Systema Naturae. After that, he returned to Sweden and began to teach botany and medicine at Uppsala. Throughout the 1750s and 1760s, he wrote numerous works in addition to continuing to collect and classify various animals, plants, and minerals. He was one of the most well-known scientists in Europe at the time of his death.
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in appositional growth, chondrocytes within cartilage divide and secrete new matrix.
True. In appositional growth, chondrocytes within cartilage divide and secrete new matrix.
In appositional growth, chondrocytes (cartilage cells) within the cartilage tissue divide and secrete new matrix to the outside of the existing cartilage, resulting in an increase in the size of the tissue. This type of growth allows for the expansion of cartilage in width or thickness, as opposed to interstitial growth, which is the growth of cartilage from within by cell division and matrix production.
Throughout the course of appositional growth, chondrocytes in the perichondrium, the cartilage's outer layer, divide and secrete a new matrix on the cartilage's surface. For the development and maintenance of bones, joints, and other tissues that depend on cartilage for support and mobility, this process results in an increase in cartilage thickness.
Other tissues, including bone, can also experience appositional development, which helps with bone remodeling and healing. On the surface of the existing bone tissue, the process in bone involves the activity of osteoblasts, cells in charge of forming a new bone matrix.
The complete question is:-
In appositional growth, chondrocytes within cartilage divide and secrete new matrix.
True or False
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due to its hydrophilic channels, porins allow the passage of group of answer choices small water-soluble nutrients. sugars. amino acids. inorganic ions. all of the above.
Hydrophilic channels the passage of small macromolecules, such as glucose or maltose amongst others.
Porins also possess an internal hydrophilic channel or pore that permits the passage of small macromolecules, such as glucose or maltose amongst others, from the external environment to the cell interior.
Channel proteins can aid in the facilitated diffusion of substances by forming a hydrophilic passage through the plasma membrane through which polar and charged substances can pass.the bilayer has a hydrophobic core that prevents the passage of polar molecules while allowing the relatively free diffusion of non-polar molecules. This is important because it allows the bilayer to select which molecules it will allow into and out of the cell.
The molecules or proteins are considered hydrophilic. These molecules are also referred to as water-loving molecules. There is an association of the proteins with the membrane of the cell. The location of a protein is in the lipid bilayer.
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a double-stranded dna oligonucleotide and a double-stranded rna oligonucleotide of identical sequence (substituting u for t) are both present in an aqueous solution near neutral ph. apart from the presence of u in rna versus t in dna, how will their helical structures differ?
In terms of their helical structures, DNA and RNA differ in several ways. Firstly, DNA typically forms a double-stranded helix, with the two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
These base pairs consist of adenine (A) paired with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) paired with guanine (G). In contrast, RNA typically forms a single-stranded helix, although it can fold back on itself to form double-stranded regions. RNA also contains the base uracil (U), which pairs with adenine (A) in a similar manner to thymine (T) in DNA.
In terms of the specific question posed, a double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide and a double-stranded RNA oligonucleotide of identical sequence (substituting U for T) would differ primarily in their helical structure due to the difference in base pairing. In RNA, uracil (U) would pair with adenine (A), while in DNA, thymine (T) would pair with adenine (A).
This difference in base pairing would affect the overall shape of the molecule, as well as the stability of the helix. In particular, the hydrogen bonding between uracil (U) and adenine (A) is weaker than that between thymine (T) and adenine (A), meaning that the RNA helix may be less stable than the DNA helix.
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What level of protein structure has α helixes or β pleated sheets?
The level of protein structure that has α helixes or β pleated sheets is the Secondary Protein Structure.
The Secondary Protein Structure refers to the three-dimensional structure of individual polypeptide chains. The arrangement of these polypeptide chains includes helixes, pleated sheets, and a few unique forms.
The right-handed spiral structure of the polypeptide backbone results in the formation of alpha helices. The amide group of one amino acid forms hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl group of the amino acid four places downstream, stabilising this secondary structure.
On the other hand, when two or more polypeptide backbones are arranged side by side, pleated sheets are created. The sheets are held together by hydrogen bonds formed by the side chains of the amino acids on the backbones.
This secondary structure is critical for protein stability and has a role in functional activity. Proteins' tertiary structure, or the overall three-dimensional form of the protein, is dependent on the secondary structure of the protein.
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Why are proteins (and therefore the process of translation!) important to living organism?
Answer:
Explanation:
Proteins are essential to living organisms because they perform a wide range of functions that are critical for life. Proteins are involved in almost all cellular processes, including structural support, metabolic reactions, signaling, and regulation. They also play key roles in maintaining the integrity of cells and tissues, facilitating the transport of molecules across cell membranes, and generating energy. Additionally, some proteins function as enzymes, which catalyze important chemical reactions in the body.
The process of translation, by which the genetic information in RNA is used to produce proteins, is a crucial step in the production of functional proteins. Translation takes place in the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA work together to assemble the amino acid sequence of a protein. This process is critical because without functional proteins, cells, and organisms could not carry out their functions. Proteins are therefore essential to the survival and growth of living organisms.
What is it called when a gene is only found on the X chromosome?
Genetic problems connected to mutations in X chromosome genes are referred to as X-linked recessive inheritance. Due to the fact that he possesses just one X chromosome, a male with this mutation will be impacted.
If a gene is found solely on the X chromosome, what happens?X-linked diseases are illnesses resulting from gene mutations on the X chromosome. Because they only have one X chromosome, males do not have XCI. Therefore, if a disease-causing gene exists on the X chromosome of males, it will be active and more likely to result in disease.
What is the name for genes that are only found on the X chromosome?It is known that genes on the X chromosome are X-linked. Because they are present in varying numbers in males (XX) and females (XX), X-linked genes have differential inheritance patterns (XY).
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How was the Archaea domain determined to be separate domain?
Due to the significant changes in the structure of their ribosomal RNA, the archaea were separated as a third domain in 1977.
All organisms produce proteins using the specific molecule 16S rRNA. Since this function is so crucial to life, it is unlikely that organisms with mutations in their 16S rRNA will survive, which has led to great (but not absolute) stability in this polynucleotide's structure through generations. Despite being large enough to reveal organism-specific differences, 16S rRNA is still tiny enough to be easily compared.
The category of single-celled organisms is called Archaea. Prokaryotes are bacteria that lack cell nuclei. When archaea were originally classified as bacteria, the name "archaebacteria," which was utilized to characterize them, is no longer widely used.
Depending on their ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, Carl Woese and George E. Fox initially distinguished archaea from bacteria in 1977. While other scholars considered these groups as kingdoms or subkingdoms, they named them the Urkingdoms of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
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what is the name for the small movements of your eye that are pieced together by the brain into perceptually seamless visual movement?
The small movements of your eye that are pieced together by the brain into perceptually seamless visual movement is called saccades.
A saccade is a fast, synchronized change in fixation in the same direction for both eyes between two or more phases. Conversely, the eyes move smoothly in fluid pursuit motions as opposed to abruptly. The occurrence can be related to a change in the frequency of an outgoing signal or a movement of a bodily part or apparatus.
Humans and many other animals don't fixate their gaze on a subject while seeing it; instead, they shift their eyes to find intriguing details and create mental "maps" of the image in three dimensions.
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a student asks the instructor what it means when the book states, skeletal muscles are syncytial or multinucleated? the instructor responds:
The teacher needs to explain that cell-mediated immunity refers to the body's attempt to defend itself against intracellular invaders by engulfing and eliminating the invader.
The term "neuromuscular junction" refers to the location in the body where a synapse develops as a result of the connection made between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It aids in the signal's transmission from the motor nerve to the body's muscles. It also goes by the moniker "myoneural connection." In light of the circumstances, the instructor should explain the neuromuscular junction in order to respond to the query about motor neuron and skeleton muscle communication. Phagocytes are activated as part of cell-mediated immunity to protect against intracellular pathogens like viruses or bacteria. The first step in this mediation is the activation of T lymphocytes, which then triggers the activation of phagocytes to kill these bacteria.
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What reason BEST explains why more people get colds in colder temperatures?
A. Viruses need colder temperatures to survive.
B. Viruses need colder temperatures to infect people.
C. Colder temperatures lower a person's body temperature.
D. Colder temperatures cause people to stay inside, closer together.
An explanation for why people are more susceptible to upper respiratory infections in colder climates is that cold temperatures cause a reduction in the immune response induced by cells in the nasal cavity to viruses. Millions of individuals in the United States alone suffer the common cold every year.
according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source. Adults often have two to three colds per year. The common cold is often brought on by viruses. About half of all colds and cold-like diseases are caused by rhinoviruses, which are also the most frequent cause of these disorders. Rhinoviruses primarily spread from person to person or by breathing in tiny airborne droplets. Aerosols are a common term for these droplets. The rhinovirus attaches itself to the cells after being breathed.
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Fill the Blank? the distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as ________
The distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as "binocular disparity."
Binocular disparity refers to the slight difference in the images projected onto each retina due to the horizontal separation between our eyes. This disparity allows our brains to calculate the distance between ourselves and objects in our environment. When an object is closer to us, the difference between the images on each retina is greater than when the object is farther away. Our brains use this difference to create a perception of depth, allowing us to judge distances and perceive the three-dimensional world around us.
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which of the following components of a nucleotide bond together to form the backbone of a dna molecule? which of the following components of a nucleotide bond together to form the backbone of a dna molecule? nitrogenous base and sugar nitrogenous base and phosphate phosphate and sugar
A sugar-phosphate backbone is created when the 5-carbon sugar and phosphate groups join forces with additional nucleotides.
What is the name of the bond that makes up the nucleic acid backbone?
The nucleic acid strands that make up all of the life that exists on Earth are held together by phosphodiester bonds. When precisely two hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid combine with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form ester bonds, the resulting bond is known as a phosphodiester bond.
The DNA double helix is composed of the bases in the centre and the sugar and phosphate group as its backbone. The backbone is held together by a chemical connection between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of a nearby nucleotide.
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thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a type of bacteria that oxidizes iron compounds for energy and then uses that energy to build carbohydrates. we might best recognize this bacterium as the rust-colored ring that builds up inside toilet bowls. thiobacillus ferrooxidans is an example of a
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is an example of a chemoheterotroph. Robert Starkey of the American university Rutgers isolated it from a field in the 1930s.
A genus of Gram-negative betaproteobacteria is known as Thiobacillus. The type strain of the genus Thiobacillus thioparus is known as the StarkeyT strain. More than 30 "species" have been identified in this genus since it was founded by Martinus Beijerinck in 1904, with the original strain most likely being what is now known as Halothiobacillus neapolitanus (the first strain was observed by the biological oceanographer Alexander Nathansohn in 1902). However, the vast majority of these names were never formally or profitably published.
The complete question is:
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a type of bacteria that oxidizes iron compounds for energy and then uses that energy to build carbohydrates. We might best recognize this bacterium as the rust-colored ring that builds up inside toilet bowls. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is an example of a
a) photoautotroph
b) chemoheterotroph
c) photoheterotroph
d) chemoautotroph
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DNA contains instructions on how to make these
Answer:hi
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
proteins. The DNA molecule consists of a long string of nucleotides, which are the basic building blocks of DNA. The sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule carries the genetic information that determines the characteristics and functions of an organism.
The DNA sequence is read by the cell's machinery, which uses this information to assemble amino acids into proteins. Proteins are complex molecules that play a variety of critical roles in the cell, including structural support, catalyzing chemical reactions, transmitting signals, and controlling gene expression.
In other words, the DNA contains the instructions for making proteins, which are the workhorses of the cell and perform a wide range of functions that are necessary for life. The DNA sequence serves as a sort of blueprint for the cell, directing the production of the proteins that carry out the various processes needed for survival.
describe how resting membrane potential is established and maintained in a neuron including the ion channels involved, the relative ion concentrations across the plasma membrane, plasma membrane permeability to ions, and electrochemical gradients.
The operation of ion channels that are selective for certain ions establishes and maintains the resting membrane potential (RMP) in a neuron.
Ions can diffuse through the neuron's plasma membrane thanks to these ion channels. The sodium ions (Na+) outside the cell and the potassium ions (K+) inside the cell are both more abundant in the neuron.
Na+ ions flow into the cell up its electrochemical gradient while K+ ions migrate out of the neuron down its electrochemical gradient because K+ channels are more permeable than Na+ channels.
These ion concentrations and ion channel permeabilities combine to produce a negative RMP. This negative RMP gives the neuron the electrical potential required for action potential production and propagation.
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Identify the shape of the bacteria
The shape of the bacteria in the picture is a rod or cylinder type (Bacillus).
What are bacillus bacteria?This bacillus bacteria is the type that most often makes up the Firmicutes group or often called the group of gram-positive bacteria. These bacteria are shaped like rods or cylinders similar to drug capsules.
Bacillus bacteria generally live freely in nature and some live as parasitic groups that are pathogenic. These bacteria can live even in a state without oxygen, so they are called facultative anaerobic bacteria.
There are other types of bacterial shapes such as balls and when they join they form chains or clusters like grapes. There are also spiral-shaped bacteria.
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Plants produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis. True or false and why
The statement "Plants produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis" is true.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis occurs in the stomata of leaves of plants. They make glucose and oxygen.
All autotrophic organisms including plants, plankton, and others have photosynthesis as a distinctive characteristic. In the presence of sunshine, organic food is synthesized using an inorganic source, of carbon dioxide.
Plants are autotrophs, and they contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which helps them to make their own food with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
Therefore, the statement is true.
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(1) What is the reasoning why basic dyes stain the bacterial cells?(2) Immersion oil is used on the bright-field microscope to observe bacterial cells. What objective can only be used with the immersion oil?
(1) Basic dyes, such as crystal violet and methylene blue, stain
bacterial cells due to their positive charge. (2) Immersion oil is used with the high-power (100x) objective lens on a bright-field microscope to observe bacterial cells.
(1) Basic dyes, such as crystal violet and methylene blue, stain bacterial cells due to their positive charge. Bacterial cells have a negatively charged surface, which attracts the positively charged basic dye molecules. As a result, the dye molecules are absorbed by the bacterial cells and become trapped inside the cell wall. The basic dye molecules also tend to be larger and more complex than acidic dyes, which allows them to bind more strongly to the bacterial cells. This leads to a more intense staining of the bacterial cells, making them easier to visualize under a microscope.
(2) Immersion oil is used with the high-power (100x) objective lens on a bright-field microscope to observe bacterial cells. This is because the high-power objective lens has a very short working distance and a high numerical aperture, which provides a higher resolution image of the specimen. However, the short working distance means that the objective lens must be brought very close to the specimen, which can cause refraction and loss of light. Immersion oil is used to eliminate the air gap between the objective lens and the specimen, reducing refraction and increasing the amount of light that enters the lens. This results in a clearer and more detailed image of the bacterial cells. Without immersion oil, the image produced by the high-power objective would be too blurry and distorted to be useful.
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Which of the active transport types employs diffusion?
Symport
Uniport
Antiport
Uniport and Antiport
All types of active transport make use of some form of diffusion.
The efficient transportation type that uses diffusion is called Symport.
The process of using energy to push molecules across a cell membrane—typically against concentration gradients—is known as active transport. The sodium-potassium pump, antiporters, and symporters are membrane proteins involved in physical transport. Symports are proteins that allow two molecules to travel across a membrane simultaneously (also called synporters, synports, or symporters). The protein is referred to be an antiport if two substances are transported across the bilayer in the opposite directions. Ionophores are proteins that help ions travel. An antiporter, a cotransporter or integral membrane protein, is engaged in the secondary active transport of two or more distinct molecules or ions along a phospholipid membrane, such as the plasma membrane, in the opposing directions.
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High levels Pfr triggers development of flower primordia in long day plants by promoting transcription of the gene CO. true or false?
It is True that high levels of Pfr trigger the development of the flowering complex in long-day plants by promoting transcription of the CO gene.
What does PFR do in plants?Pfr is the bioactive form of the protein. Red light exposure causes plant bioactivity and exposure to far-red light changes Pfr to inactive Pfr form, and phytochrome activity inhibited. These two forms together represent phytochrome system
How does PFR inhibit flowering?Pfr is the bioactive form of the protein. Exposure to red light leads to physical activity in plants. In general, experimental results conclude that PFR of phytochromes is required for long-term flowering of plants. Prevents short-day plants from flowering.
What do phytochromes do in short-day plants?In short-day plants, active phytochromes (Pfr) suppress flowering. During long periods of darkness (long nights), Pfr is converted to Pr. In the absence of Pfr, flowering is unrepressed and short-day plants flower.
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