The short-term effect if a migration of wild animals took place in savanna grasslands is higher mortality of adults of migrating species than of resident species.
Why do animals migrate?Several species of birds, mammals, insects and fish migrate from one place to another in search of favorable reproductive and environmental conditions.
Why do animals migrate in Africa?Almost two million animals move across the Serengeti and Mara plains in search of food and water. Facing multiple dangers such as land predators and crocodiles the wildebeest complete an 800 km round trip during the migration.
With this information, we can conclude that The Great Wildebeest Migration is the largest animal migration in the world. Every year, more than 2 million animals (wildebeest, zebra, and gazelle) migrate in a clockwise direction across the ecosystems of the Serengeti (Tanzania) and the Masai Mara (Kenya).
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Determine if the following statement is true or false and why. “Primary and Secondary Consumers lose about 30% of the energy they absorb from food as heat.” A. True B. False, it should read “Primary Consumers lose about 5% of the energy they absorb from food as heat, while Secondary Consumers lose 30% as heat.” C. False, it should read “Only Secondary Consumers lose about 30% of the energy they absorb from food as heat.” D. False, it should read “Primary and Secondary Consumers lose about 5% of the energy they absorb from food as heat.”
The following statement is False. There is a constant flow of energy takes place from plants to plant eating animals to flash eating animals in the form of food and 90% of energy is lost as heat .
Hence, Option B is correct.
What is 10 % Law ?Lindemann in 1942 proposed the 10% law of energy flow in ecosystem. According to 10% law if the net primary productivity is taken to be 100% in producers ( first trophic level ) then only 10% of potential energy of plant material is actually assimilated by herbivores as food .during this act by herbivores 90% of energy is lost as heat (thermal heat ) to the environment .
Similarly only 1% of the potential energy of primary consumers is assimilated by carnivores ( secondary consumers ) and the rest 90% of energy of carnivores is lost as heat to the environment . Thus, during energy flow in ecosystem the energy fixed in one level is only 10% of its previous level and 90% of energy is lost as heat in each trophic level.
Thus it it concluded that there is a constant flow of energy takes place from plants to plant eating animals to flash eating animals in the form of food and 90% of energy is lost as heat .
Hence, Option B is correct.
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Example of how muscle tissue could be used in post-mortem analysis
Answer:
Skeletal muscle decomposes more slowly than internal organs and nerve tissue after death, but still more quickly than cartilage and bone.
Together, these factors make muscle tissue a good candidate for postmortem change study and well-suited for standard forensic lab examination.
The _____ is a rhythmic contraction and recoil of the arteries that results from the contraction of the heart and can be felt from the surface of the body.
The pulse is a rhythmic contraction and recoil of the arteries that results from heart contractions and can be felt from outside the heart.
What is a pulse?A pulse is the dilation of an artery at regular intervals caused due to the beating (contraction and relaxation) of the muscles of the heart.To feel a pulse, apply firm fingertip pressure to the skin at areas where the arteries travel near the skin's surface.The pulse is more clearly experienced when surrounding muscles are in a relaxed state.The measurement of pulse gives a measure of heart rate that is the number of times heart beats per minute.Learn more about pulse here:
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What activated carriers, and how many of each, are produced during the citric acid cycle?
NADH, GTP, FADH2 are the activated carriers which are produced during the citric acid cycle.
What are activated carriers?A small molecule that has a chemical group attached to it through a high-energy linkage and can donate energy or the chemical group in a variety of chemical processes.
How these activated carriers are produced in Kreb's cycle?The inner mitochondrial membrane's electron-transport chain receives high-energy electron contributions from NADH and FADH2. The activated nucleoside triphosphate GTP, which is closely similar to ATP, is also produced by the citric acid cycle.Electrons from the combustion of carbs, lipids, and other nutrients during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are used to power the flow of ATP production. These "high-energy" electrons are produced by activated carriers produced during these two types of catabolic events, with the citric acid cycle operating in the mitochondrial matrix producing the majority of these activated carriers. The oxidation of molecules taken from food is finished by the citric acid cycle. The activated carriers NADH and FADH2 store some of the energy produced by this oxidation in the form of high-energy electrons. The inner mitochondrial membrane's electron-transport chain can then receive electrons from these two activated carriers.Learn more about activated carriers here:
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when evaluating a dorsal decubitus abdomen radiograph, the technologist notices that the iliac crests are superimposed, the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are superimposed, and the intervertebral joints are open. what, if any, mistake in positioning has been made
If when evaluating a dorsal decubitus abdomen radiograph, the technologist notices that the iliac crests are superimposed, the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are superimposed, and the intervertebral joints are open. No mistake in the positioning has been made.
What is dorsal decubitus abdomen radiograph?Dorsal decubitus abdomen radiograph can be defined as they type of x-ray conducted by sonographer when a patient is lying on the his or her back so as to check and diagnose if the patient as any of the following condition:
Abdominal traumaIatrogenic injury etc.Despite noticing that the iliac crests are superimposed, the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are superimposed, and the intervertebral joints are open No mistake has been made in the positioning.
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How does your calculated value compare to your measured cell potential for cell 6?
Formula for the Overall Cell Potential is ; E0cell=E0red−E0oxid
E0cell = Measured cell potential
E0red = Sum of the reduction potential ( cathode )
E0oxid = Oxidation potential ( anode )
Calculated value of cell potential can differ from the Measured Cell potential because of the cell impurities, value differences during the calibration of voltage or concentration.
Measured potential of a cell is normally less than the ideal or nominal volts. This is because of the voltage which is specified for the ideal conditions for a new unused cell. The conditions mention temperature, atmospheric pressure, presume sound unaffected condition of electrode plates as also pure electrolytes etc.
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Sperm release ________ to break down the bonds between adjacent follicle cells surrounding the oocyte
Sperm release hyaluronidase to break down the bonds between adjacent follicle cells surrounding the oocyte.
In mammalian fertilization, the sperm cell's acrosome releases hyaluronidase after reaching the oocyte, breaking down hyaluronan in the corona radiata to enable conception. Sperm hyaluronidase has been linked to sperm penetration of the cumulus oophorus' extracellular matrix and may be extremely important for gamete contact and mammalian reproduction.The hyaluronidase enzymes on the surface of the sperm help it break through this covering when a capacitated sperm reaches the ovum. When this happens, the sperm might connect to the zona pellucida. Hyaluronidase breaks the egg's vitelline membrane as part of its function.learn more about Sperm here: https://brainly.com/question/1154065
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Identify whether or not the different agents of evolutionary change could affect allele frequencies in a population?
Yes, the different frequencies of evolutionary change could affect allele frequency in a population.
What are the agents of evolutionary change?All populations are usual in a constant state of evolution. This means that all the species are continuously changing their genetic makeup over different generations. These changes can be subtle or they can be spontaneous.
If a population is not evolving, it is said to be in Hardy - Weinberg state. In this state, the allele frequency and the genetic makeup of the population will remain the same across generations.
The agents of evolutionary change defy the Hardy - Weinberg state. These are mutation, gene flow, non-random mating, natural selection and genetic drift.
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When a microbe that is not part of the normal biota enters the body, it is likely to first encounter which type of host defense?
When a microbe that is not part of the normal biota enters the body, it is likely to first encounter first line of host defense.
The term "normal microbiota" describes the microorganisms that are present in every human's conjunctiva, oral mucosa, skin's surface and deeper layers, saliva, and gastrointestinal tracts. The host employs a number of defences to defend against infection.
Mucus, which has a variety of normal microbiota that compete with and may even destroy invasive bacteria and virae, is one of the body's first lines of defence.Once a virus or bacteria penetrates the skin and mucosa, the host may experience changes that lessen the invader's power. A fever is one instance of such a shift.
Therefore, When a microbe that is not part of the normal biota enters the body, it is likely to first encounter first line of host defense.
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What evidence does the dische test provide that helps confirm that dna was extracted from the strawberries. Why do you think it is relatively easy to isolate dna from strawberries?.
Ripe strawberries are an excellent source for extracting DNA because they are easy to pulverize and contain enzymes called pectinases and cellulases that help to break down cell walls. And most important, strawberries have eight copies of each chromosome (they are octoploid), so there is a lot of DNA to isolate.
What does DNA extracted from a strawberry look like?
Observe the line between the strawberry mixture and the alcohol. You will notice a white thread-like cloud appearing at this line. This is strawberry DNA. The DNA will clump together and float to the top of the alcohol layer.
What is unique about strawberry DNA?
Strawberries yield more DNA than any other fruit because they have eight copies of each type of chromosome. The long, thick fibers of DNA store the information for the functioning of the chemistry of life. DNA is present in every cell of plants and animals.
We intention extract DNA from fruit to investigate how it examines and feels. This procedure is identical to what scientists have to do before they can use the statement contained in this DNA. This announcement can be used to enhance crops so that they are more resistant to infection, insect invasion, or differences in climate.
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Typically, the oxidation of fat to release energy occurs after about ________ minutes of aerobic exercise
Typically, the oxidation of fat to release energy occurs after about 15 to 20 minutes of aerobic exercise.
How does oxidation of fat occurs?After about 15 to 20 minutes of aerobic exercise, fats are oxidized in the mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) , peroxisomes.Fat oxidation involves the breakdown of fatty acids.Mainly oxidation of fats is beta- oxidation which occurs in the mitochondria. It is named so because the bond between second (beta) and third carbon breaks.In the peroxisomes, alpha and beta oxidation of fats occur.While in the ER, omega oxidation occurs. It is an alternative to beta oxidation in some animals where omega carbon is oxidized.The rate of fat oxidation depends upon exercise duration, intensity, weight, nutrition.Oxidation of fats provides energy in low intensity exercises by contraction of muscles.Learn more about oxidation of fats here:
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Transfer of a high-energy phosphoryl group to adp, resulting in atp occurs when?
Transfer of a high-energy phosphoryl group to ADP, resulting in ATP occurs when:
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate → 3-phosphoglycerate.
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) → pyruvate.
Which enzyme transfers the phosphoryl group from GTP to ADP to form ATP?The enzyme nucleoside diphosphate kinase can convert GTP and ATP into one another as follows: GTP + ADP → GDP + ATP. This enzyme converts GTP to ADP by transferring the phosphate group. The only process in the Krebs cycle where direct energy is obtained as GTP is the substrate chain reaction.
Each 3-phosphoglycerate undergoes oxidation to produce a phosphoenolpyruvate molecule with a strong phosphate link. Each phosphoenolpyruvate undergoes substrate-level phosphorylation, which removes the high-energy phosphate and transfers it to ADP to produce ATP and pyruvate.
A high-energy phosphate group is added to ADP to convert it to ATP for energy storage. The conversion occurs either in specific energy-producing structures or in the cytoplasm, which is the fluid between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
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Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called ________ fatty acids.
Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called gluconeogenesis fatty acids.
What is gluconeogenesis?The process of producing glucose (sugar) from lipid (fat) or protein breakdown products, as well as from its own breakdown products. Gluconeogenesis primarily takes place in liver or kidney cells.The process of producing glucose in the body from non-carbohydrate precursors is known as gluconeogenesis. New glucose is produced by biosynthesis, not through the ingestion of carbohydrates. Lactate, pyruvate, glycerol (fat), and certain amino acids can all be converted into glucose (protein).Both the kidneys and the liver engage in glucose synthesis. Between meals, gluconeogenesis meets the need for plasma glucose. The hormones that cause diabetes encourage the production of glucose (glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine, and cortisol). Glycerol, lactate, propionate, and a few amino acids are examples of gluconeogenic substrates.Learn more about gluconeogenesis here:
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What is bioenergetics?
a. the study of weight loss
b. the study of metabolism during exercise
c. the study of the ways in which food is turned into energy
d. the study of aerobic metabolism
The combining form referring to the bean-shaped organs that filter the blood and form urine is:_________
The combining form referring to the bean-shaped organs that filter the blood and form urine is kidneys.
What are the functions of the kidneys?The kidney's main jobs are to produce urine and clean the blood. Each kidney eliminates waste products and other compounds that the body does not need. The most crucial job of the kidney is to purify blood by eliminating waste.The body needs protein to grow and heal itself. However, as the body uses protein, waste products are produced.The accumulation and retention of these waste products is comparable to the body holding onto poison. Blood and hazardous waste are filtered by each kidney and then expelled in urine.Two crucial waste products are creatinine and urea.The “values” in blood tests reflect the function of the kidney. When both the kidneys fail, the value of creatinine and urea will be high in blood tests.Learn more about kidney here:
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Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell, the replication process is called.
Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell, the replication process is called semiconservative replication.
What is semiconservative replication?Before dividing, a cell copies its DNA through the replication process. For instance, before going through mitosis, each parent cell in a human must duplicate all six billion base pairs of its DNA.
Semiconservative replication is the technique used to reproduce DNA. Every strand serves as a model for a fresh double helix. DNA replication as it is now understood, where each double-stranded molecule is made up of one parental strand and one newly polymerized strand.
Every new DNA double helix would be a hybrid after one replication cycle made up of one strand of previously synthesized DNA coupled to another, according to the semiconservative model. The hybrids would then split during the second round of replication, and each strand would partner with a freshly created strand. The remaining half of the new DNA double helices would be entirely new, leaving only half of them to be hybrids. So there would be fewer hybrids and more entirely new double helices after each round of replication.
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Identify the evolutionary forces that can cause allele frequencies to change from one generation to the next.
Allele frequencies to change from one generation to the next.-
B. Mutation; C. Random genetic drift; D. Migration; F. Natural selection
Selection, mutation, migration, and genetic drift are the mechanisms that effect changes in allele frequencies. When one or more of these forces are acting, the population violates Hardy-Weinberg assumptions, and evolution occurs.Why do allele frequencies change from one generation to the next?
Random selection: Allele frequencies may fluctuate from one generation to the next when people with particular genotypes outlive those with different genotypes.
No mutation: Allele frequencies may fluctuate from one generation to the next if new alleles are produced via mutation or if alleles mutate at different rates.
What are 5 factors that cause changes in allele frequency?
A population, a collection of interacting individuals of a single species, exhibits a change in allele frequency from one generation to the next due to five main processes. These include natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutation.Learn more about allele frequency
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The complete question is -
Identify the evolutionary forces that can cause allele frequencies to change from one generation to the next. Check all that apply
A. Inbreeding
B. Mutation,
C. random genetic drift
D. migration
E. extinction
F. natural selection
Oligo polysacchoride importance in blood transfusion and tissue organt transplant
If the atp synthase for an organism contains 15 c subunits, how many protons must flow through atp synthase per each new atp that is synthesized?.
Each time a new ATP is created, ATP synthase must process 5 protons.
Where is ATP synthase found and what does it do?ADP and phosphate are converted into ATP by the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase, which is located in the inner membrane. Protons are transported over a gradient created by electron transfer from the chemically positive to the negative side of the proton, which drives the flux of protons.How does photosynthesis's ATP synthase function?The light-driven production of ATP is catalyzed by the chloroplast ATP synthase, which is activated in the light and deactivated in the dark by redox-modulation via the thioredoxin system. This down-regulation is thought to be crucial for minimizing wasted ATP hydrolysis at night.What makes ATP synthase so crucial?All cellular functions are powered by ATP, which is constantly used by cells and required for production. About 100 ATP molecules can be produced by each ATP synthase every second.
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The first step in dna isolation is called ________. it refers to the process of releasing dna from the cells.
The first step in dna isolation is called Homogenization.
In research, it is routine practise to isolate and purify DNA. The material must be homogenised in order to isolate DNA. The homogenization of glass beads or tissue with a mortar and pestle is a common method for doing this.
The first of these procedures entails pulverising the DNA with a mortar and pestle after adding liquid nitrogen. In order to break up the tissue, add the samples to tubes containing glass beads and quickly shake or vibrate the tube. Both approaches run the risk of severing the nucleic acid, especially the biggest fragments.
Therefore, The first step in dna isolation is called Homogenization
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A toxic condition in which urea and othe waste products normally sereted in the urine are retained in the bloodstream is known as?
A toxic condition in which urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the bloodstream is known as uremia.
What is uremia?Uremia is a condition in which toxic wastes products that are normally removed from the body through the urine are retained in the body.
The waste products retained in the body include:
ureaions such as potassium and sodiumas well as other metabolic wastesUremia occurs when the kidneys are damaged and are not able to perform their function of removing waste products from the blood.
Uremia is a dangerous condition ad would result in death if left untreated.
The treatment options for uremia include:
blood dailysiskidney transplant.In conclusion, uremia occurs due to impaired kidney function.
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You collect individuals from different allopatric populations of a leaf-eating beetle. In the laboratory, you conduct mate-choice experiments to assess levels of reproductive isolation among beetles from different populations. Assuming that ecological speciation occurred in the wild, which pattern should you expect?.
Less reproductive isolation among populations that share similar habitats.
What is habitat reproductive isolation?
Habitat isolation is the term for when populations of a species move to a new habitat and settle in an area where they no longer overlap with other populations of the same species. When reproduction with the parent species stops, a new group emerges that is genetically and reproductively independent.What factors affect reproductive isolation?
The members of different species will be reproductively isolated by any factor that prevents potentially viable individuals from coming together. Different habitats, physical barriers, and a variation in the timing of sexual development or flowering are examples of the different types of barriers that can result in isolation.Learn more about reproductive isolation
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Name the four layers of the digestive tract beginning from the lumen of the digestive tract.
The four layers of the digestive tract from superficial to deep are the mucosa (adjacent to the lumen), submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.
The digestive tract:The innermost tunic of the wall is known as the mucosa or mucous membrane layer. The digestive tract's lumen is lined with it. The mucosa is made up of epithelium, a layer of lamina propria, a loose layer of connective tissue, and the muscularis mucosa, a thin layer of smooth muscle. The mucosa in some areas produces folds that enhance its surface area. The mucosa's specific cells secrete hormones, digestive enzymes, and mucus. Other glands' ducts travel to the lumen through the mucosa.
The mucosa is surrounded by a substantial layer of loose connective tissue known as the submucosa. Blood arteries, lymphatic vessels, and neurons are also present in this stratum. This layer might contain glands.
An inner circular layer and an outside longitudinal layer make up the two layers of the smooth muscle that moves the digestive tract. The two muscle layers are separated by the myenteric plexus.
The adventitia is a connective tissue that makes up the digestive tract's outermost layer above the diaphragm. It is referred to as serosa below the diaphragm.
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What must happen in order for a chemical signal to change the membrane potential of a neuron?
A Final statement or concluding statement
The ion flux across the membrane must vary.The number of open ion channels must be altered.How does a neuron change its membrane potential?The membrane potential is altered by opening and shutting ion channels.
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is closer to the potassium equilibrium potential than to the sodium equilibrium potential. That's because the resting membrane is much more permeable to K+ to Na+. Changing the number of open ion channels allows you to alter the membrane potential of the cell and generate electrical signals.
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The sudden loss of a ________ would necessarily cause the loss of most or all of a food web.
The sudden loss of a keystone species would necessarily cause the loss of most or all of a food web.
What is keystone species?The naturalist Robert T. Paine first proposed the idea of a "keystone species" in 1969. A keystone species is a species that, in relation to its abundance, has an outsized impact on its natural habitat.The intricate web of connections that makes up an ecosystem is held together by keystone species. Sea otters, wolves, elephants, and starfish are a few examples of keystone species.Many scientists mention three categories of keystone species: predators, ecosystem designers, and mutualists.A keystone species is frequently a dominating predator whose extinction often results in a decline in overall diversity as well as the explosion of a prey population. Other types of keystone species are coral or beavers, which profoundly alter the habitat around them and consequently have an impact on a vast number of other organisms.
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If a cell is unable to progress beyond the g1 phase it is a likely indicator that the cell:___.
If a cell is unable to progress beyond the G1 phase it is a likely indicator that the cell was unable to reach to an appropriate size and lacked nutrients and growth factors.
What are cell cycle checkpoints?Cell cycle checkpoints are various mechanisms which control the progression of cell from one stage of the cycle to next.G1 checkpoint is located at the end of G1 and progression to S phase. It checks whether the cell has grown to a specific size and has accumulated nutrients and growth factors.It is also an indicator that the environment is not appropriate for cell division.G2 checkpoint is present at the transition from G2 to M phase. It checks whether the DNA has replicated properly or is there any damage in the DNA.M checkpoint is for transition from Metaphase to Anaphase. It checks whether the chromosomes have properly attached to the spindle fibers at the metaphase plate.Learn more about cell cycle checkpoints here:
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In the malaria parasite life cycle, humans are the ________ host, while mosquitoes are the ________ host as well as the vector.
In the malaria parasite life cycle, humans are the host, while mosquitoes are the host as well as the vector.
Malaria is a potentially fatal disease caused by parasites transferred to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitos. It is both preventable and treatable. Malaria is caused by a plasmodium parasite, which is a single-celled parasite. The parasite is most usually transmitted to people through mosquito bites.
Malaria is not the result of a virus or bacteria. Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is generally transmitted by infected mosquitos. A mosquito feeds on Plasmodia that are present in the blood of an afflicted individual. Malaria is treatable. Malaria patients can be treated and all malaria parasites removed from their bodies if the correct medications are utilized.
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The surface area of a cell increases proportionally to the radius?
The surface area of a cell is squared w.r.t its radius and not proportionally.
In general, all cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must be tiny. Think about the dimensions of a normal cell. While not all cells have a sphere-like form, the majority do. A sphere's volume may be calculated using the formula 4πr3/3., whereas its surface area can be calculated using 4πr2. A cell's surface area grows as the square of its radius as the radius rises, yet its volume grows as the cube of its radius (much more rapidly).Thus, a cell's surface area to volume ratio drops as it grows in size. If the cell were in the form of a cube, the same reasoning would hold true.learn more about surface area here: https://brainly.com/question/6615047
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The entire complex of concentric rings and cells that surround a single central canal is called a/an?
The entire complex of concentric rings and cells that surround a single central canal is called a/an osteon.
What is osteon?An osteoclast-rich tissue creates cylindrical vascular tunnels called osteons. They include cutting cone-shaped endosteum and pluripotent precursor cells. The cutting cone replaces the bone with osteoblast-rich tissue.The Haversian canal is surrounded by the osteon, the main structural component of compact (cortical) bone, which is made up of concentric bone layers termed lamellae.Osteons, also known as Haversian systems, are the building blocks of compact bone structure. Osteons are spherical organs made up of a mineral matrix, live osteocytes, and canaliculi that carry blood. They are positioned parallel to the bone's long axis. The structural component of compact bone are osteons. Also known as the Haversian system, osteons consist of overlapping cylinders of bone tissue called lamellae.
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An athete who excels at short sprints most likely has more _____________ muscle fibers as compared to a marathoner.
An athlete who excels at short sprints most likely has more fast glycolytic muscle fibers as compared to a marathoner.
What are glycolytic muscle fibers?The glycolytic muscle fibers are muscle fibers that form a portion of tissue where ATP, the energy coin for the cells, is produced via anaerobic respiration by a cellular process called glycolysis (the first step of cellular respiration).
Anaerobic respiration is different from cellular respiration because produces energy in a faster mode but it is less efficient.
In conclusion, an athlete who excels at short sprints most likely has more fast glycolytic muscle fibers as compared to a marathoner.
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