The diversity we observe today is the result of new adaptations emerging in the survivors of the extinction. The separation of two populations from a common ancestor is known as speciation. Biodiversity is increased by speciation.
Diversity is increased by speciation. The diversity of organisms within an ecosystem is known as biodiversity. It boosts biodiversity because speciation leads to the creation of new species.
The amount of biological diversity is directly inversely correlated with the pace of speciation. This implies that the diversity of a species will increase as speciation increases. Understanding the evolutionary tendency of any species and re-establishing the different bio-diversities already present on earth are both made possible by speciation.
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homologous structures such as mammalian forelimbs and bird wings share same anatomy and ancestry but perform different functions. this is a result of
Divergent. The arrangement and structure of the bones are strikingly similar. Therefore, it makes sense to infer that they are related to one another by ancestor form.
What about homologous structures?Homologous structures are similar physical traits present in species with a common ancestor, despite the fact that these traits serve fundamentally different biological functions.Examples of homologous structures include the limbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats.The human arm, a bird or bat's wing, a dog's leg, a dolphin or whale's flipper, and a bird or a bat's wing are examples of homologous structures.Organs or skeletal components of animals and organisms that are homologous reveal a relationship to a common ancestor because of their similarities. The appearance and purpose of these structures need not be identical. Excellent examples of homologous structures include a person's arms and a bat's wings. People and bats share a common ancestor because they are both mammals. A bat wing's and a human arm's internal bone structures are remarkably similar, despite the fact that they look very different from the outside. It is an illustration of a bone or organ with similar underlying anatomical traits that can be found in other animals. These structures provide evidence for evolution and support the theory that all creatures share a common ancestor.Learn more about homologous structures here:
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according to results from the experiment described in the animation, how did the extinction rate in the large mossy area compare to that in small isolated mossy areas?
After one year, 40% of the species that were present in the vast area had disappeared from the tiny sections.
What is an illustration of being alone?Isolation might include spending a lot of time alone at home, not having access to resources or participating in the community, and having little to no contact with friends, family, & acquaintances.
What three sorts of isolation are there?Based on how the disease spreads, these unique transmission-based precautions often fall under one of three categories of isolation. The three common types of transmission-based precautions are interface separation, droplets isolation, & airborne isolation, according to the CDC.
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Measure population numbers over time in different areas to determine how population size may be changing in response to human development.
What are the five major causes of extinction?
Causes of Extinction. Habitat Loss; Overexploitation; Introduced Species; Global Pollution and Climate Change are all factors contributing to the extinction of species. Learn more about each of these and other causes of extinction. HABITAT LOSS: The most common cause of endangerment is habitat loss.
What was the cause of the pterodactyls extinction?
“There is broad agreement that the cause of the dinosaur and pterosaur extinctions were one and the same,” University of Texas, Austin paleontologist Brian Andres says. The aftermath of the asteroid impact is the large scale reason for both.
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what is the evolutionary significance of the relationship between the genes on human chromosome 16 and those same blocks of genes on mouse chromosomes 7, 8, 16, and 17?
Evolutionary significance of the relationship between genes on human chromosome 16 and those same blocks of genes on mouse chromosomes 7, 8, 16, and 17 is: chromosomal translocations have moved blocks of sequences to other chromosomes.
What is the evolutionary significance between the genes on human and mouse chromosome ?
Chromosome 16 contains 800 to 900 genes that provide instructions for making proteins that perform different roles in the body.
Human chromosome 17 is implicated in a wide range of human genetic diseases. It is that genes which is involved in early-onset breast cancer , neurofibromatosis and the DNA damage response
Humans have total of 23 pairs of chromosomes whereas rats have 21 chromosomes.
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why are most affected individuals with a homozugous dominant disease usualy heterozygotes and not homozygotes
If a dominant gene produces the disorder, a heterozygote can also have it.
What exactly is a "disease"?Any unfavorable deviation from such an organism's typical structural or functional state is referred to as a disease. A disease differs from a physical damage in origin and is typically accompanied by the a set of symptoms. A sick organism frequently exhibits signs or symptoms that reveal its abnormal state.
What leads to illness?Bacteria. These one-celled organisms cause strep throat, tuberculosis, and urinary tract infections. Viruses. The various diseases brought on by viruses, which are even more insignificant than bacteria, range from the common cold to AIDS.
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the sequencing of entire genomes has made it possible to examine the level of gene expression in a particular cell or tissue by using oligonucleotide probes to assess the mrna expression level from a particular gene. this is done most effectively through the use of
Microarray is the technique for sequencing of entire genomes and examining the level of gene expression in a particular cell or tissue by using oligonucleotide probes.
A microarray is a laboratory technique used to simultaneously measure the expression of thousands of genes. A known DNA sequence or gene is contained in each of the thousands of tiny spots that are printed on microscope slides in specific locations. These slides are called DNA microarrays. These slides are frequently referred to as DNA or gene chips. To detect gene expression, also referred to as the transcriptome or the collection of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts expressed by a group of genes, the DNA molecules attached to each slide serve as probes.
mRNA molecules are typically taken from an experimental sample and a reference sample to perform a microarray analysis.
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the disease characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver and replacement of functioning liver cells with fibrous connective tissue is known as
Cirrhosis is a condition marked by fatty infiltration of the liver and replacement of healthy liver cells.
What does biological cirrhosis of the liver mean?Chronic liver disease known as cirrhosis causes healthy liver cells to break down and be replaced by scar tissue. The liver's ability to digest nutrients, regulate hormones, and detoxify medicines and toxins, including alcohol, is hindered by this scar tissue.
What is a liver degenerative disease?The liver disease cirrhosis progresses over time. If the trigger is removed, such as quitting drinking alcohol, or if the virus is treated, the damage to your liver may occasionally improve or reverse.
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even though the human brain is larger than the sheep brain, the sheep brain has more gyri and sulci than the human brain. True or False
The given statement is false.
Because the human brain has a higher surface area than the sheep brain and because the human brain contains more sulci and gyri, the human brain has more contours than the sheep brain.
Features/Gross Sheep Human
Brain shape Smaller and elongated Larger and rounded
Skull thickness (mm) 5.0–6.0 6.5–7.5
Brain mass (g) 130–140 1,300–1,400
Gyri and sulci are the names for the folds and grooves in a brain, respectively. The cortex, the area of our brain responsible for higher cognitive functions including memory, language, and awareness, folds to generate these physical characteristics.
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The given statement is false.
Because the human brain has a higher surface area than the sheep brain and because the human brain contains more sulci and gyri, the human brain has more contours than the sheep brain.
Features/Gross Sheep Human
Brain shape Smaller and elongated Larger and rounded
Skull thickness (mm) 5.0–6.0 6.5–7.5
Brain mass (g) 130–140 1,300–1,400
Gyri and sulci are the names for the folds and grooves in a brain, respectively. The cortex, the area of our brain responsible for higher cognitive functions including memory, language, and awareness, folds to generate these physical characteristics.
how are phenolics used in microbial control? multiple select question. added to products household disinfection clinical disinfection routine skin antisepsis
Phenolics control microbes by :
1) Disrupting the cell membrane
2) Denaturing metabolic enzymes
3) Disrupting the cell wall
Phenolic compounds are a group of small molecules characterised by their structures having at least one phenol unit. Based on their chemical structures, phenolic compounds can be divided into exclusive subgroups, along with phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, stilbens, and curcuminoids.
Phenolics play important roles in plant development, specifically in lignin and pigment biosynthesis. In addition they provide structural integrity and scaffolding assist to flora.
Phenolics have right chemical resistance and are immune to alcohols, esters, ketones, ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, benzene, mineral oils, fats, and oils.
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what is the term that describes the amount of air moved in each breath multiplied by the respiratory rate?
Minute volume is the term that describes the amount of air moved in each breath multiplied by the respiratory rate.
In the field of biology, minute volume can be described as the approximate measure of the volume of air that is moved in or out of the lungs by a person during a time frame of one minute.
Minute volume is a measure of the approximate air that a person can either inhale or exhale so that the average respiratory rate of a person can be known.
Through the calculations made by minute volume, doctors can decide whether the lungs of a function are working properly or not. If the minute volume is lower than average, then this means that the lungs of the person have been damaged.
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A student wants to know how many days it takes for different plant seeds to germinate. What is the student's independent variable?
Answer:
The independent variable is the pH. Dependent variable is the rate of germination. Controlled variables are light, temperature, soil, moisture, seed specification such as moisture, size, etc.. The independent variable is the temperature.
Explanation:
In an experiment for determining the time required for the seed germination the independent variable will be pH and temperature and the dependent variable will be rate of germination.
What is seed germination?Seed germination can be defined as the sum total of all the events which begin with the hydration of the seeds and culmination in the emergence of the embryonic axis (the radicle) from the seed coat.
In an experiment for determining the time required for seed germination, the independent variable is the pH. Here, the dependent variable will be the rate of germination. The controlled variables are light, temperature, soil, moisture, seed specification such as moisture, size, etc which will be kept constant during the experiment. The independent variable is the temperature which does not depend on any other factor.
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environmental impacts from freshwater aquaculture include group of answer choices economic loss of income from sport fishing. nutrient overload and escape of exotic species. water loss due to increased irrigation. introduction of heavy metals into native fish.
Environment impacts freshwater aquaculture include nutrient overload and escape of exotic species.
When the aquaculture sector first started to take off, there were a few things that made it difficult for the sector to produce fish sustainably. The goal of fish farming has never been to harm the environment; rather, it is to improve food security.
Environmental issues did, however, develop. There was no lack of unfavorable press, and these reports have stuck with the general public. Nutrient and effluent build-ups, the negative effects of fish farms on nearby wild fisheries due to disease and escape, and environmental damage as a result of the site's location were common criticisms.
Aquaculture's harmful environmental effects are complex. When there are many fish in one place, nutrients might accumulate. The trash that fish produce has the potential to accumulate in the neighborhood. Algal blooms and dead zones may result from the water's oxygen being depleted in this way. Antibiotic use by farmers to prevent disease has raised concerns about the drugs' impact on the ecosystem surrounding the cages, including wild fish. Many people were also concerned that the escaped non-native fish would increase food competition among wild fish, possibly driving out the native fish.
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This picture shows the flow of oxygen-poor blood into the right atrium then right ventricle and to the lungs. Which vessels are used to carry blood to the lungs?
A. pulmonary capillaries
B. cardiac veins
C. pulmonary arteries
Answer:
C. Pulmonary Arteries
Explanation:
The pulmonary artery is responsible for transporting oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, where it is converted into oxygen and returned to the circulation.
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if the code of bases of dna is gaatcg, then the complementary translated rna code on the other side would be .
The complementary translated RNA code on the other side would be CUUAGC.
DNA is changed during transcription into m-RNA. The RNA polymerase enzyme is responsible for it. Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine are some of the nitrogenous bases that make up the DNA in a certain order. In m-RNA, guanine is paired with cytosine or vice-versa, adenine is paired with uracil, and thymine is paired with adenine on m-RNA transcript. This is because RNA can't have thymine on its strand. The nitrogenous base sequence on the DNA template determines the nitrogenous base sequence on the m-RNA. If the DNA base sequence is GAATCG, the transcript's base sequence will be CUUAGC.
RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to create an RNA strand using a DNA strand as a template, carry out transcription. mRNA is therefore translated from DNA which binds amino acids by peptide bonds.
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which statement best describes the goal of medications used to treat myasthenia gravis? a. to inhibit ca2 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. to inhibit the function of acetylcholinesterase c. to decrease the number of synaptic vesicles d. to increase the number of acetylcholine receptors e. to promote multiple motor unit summation
To increase the number of acetylcholine receptors best describes the goal of medications used to treat myasthenia gravis.
Myasthenia gravis is a persistent autoimmune, neuromuscular disorder that reasons weak spot withinside the skeletal muscular tissues that worsens after durations of interest and improves after durations of rest. These muscular tissues are chargeable for features concerning respiration and shifting components of the body, such as the palms and legs.
How critical is myasthenia gravis?
The maximum critical headaches of myasthenia gravis is a myasthenia crisis. This is a circumstance of excessive muscle weak spot, especially of the diaphragm and chest muscular tissues that assist respiration. Breathing can also additionally come to be shallow or ineffective.
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for the eukaryotic dna sequence shown, what region of the dna will be transcribed into mrna? a. 1-123 b. 21-101 c. 41-101 d. 41-123 hint
The dna's 41-100 area will be translated into mrna for such eukaryotic DNA sequence that has been shown.
What constitutes a eukaryotic?Any cell or creature that has a distinct nucleus is called a eukaryote. The nucleus, which houses the clearly defined chromosomal (bodies containing the hereditary material), is surrounded by a nuclear membrane in eukaryotic cells.
What are eukaryotic cells primarily used for?Conclusion. Within eukaryotes, organelles perform a variety of specialised tasks include energy synthesis, photosynthesis, and membrane creation. The majority are membrane-bound organelles that serve as the locations of particular biochemical processes.
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Diya wants to test the effect of listening to different types of music on the human heart rate. She takes the resting heart rate of her test subjects then has them listen to one type of music for 5 minutes and takes their heart rate again. Each test subject repeats the test listening to three different types of music.
What is the independent variable in Diya’s experiment?
A. Listening for 5 minutes
B. Effect of listening
C. Different types of music
D.Heart rate
in most animlas, a three-chamber heart would be very inefficient. why does it work well for amphibians
A three-chambered heart works well for amphibians because two atria in the amphibian heart pump blood into the single ventricle at different times, resulting in very little blood mixing.
An amphibian's heart, like the heart of a frog, contains three chambers: one ventricle and two atria. The body receives oxygenated blood from the ventricle as it goes to the lungs, skin, and other organs. Before leaving the heart, blood that has been deoxygenated and blood that has been oxygenated are combined in the ventricle. Compared to the mammalian heart, this is an extremely ineffective mechanism.
However, since amphibians have slower metabolisms, they need less oxygen. Less oxygen consumption reduces the demand on the heart to pump highly oxygenated blood. In light of the fact that amphibians could also take in oxygen through their moist skin, a heart with three chambers is ideal for their needs.
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Q5: Based on your answer to Q3, how many of those units does each of the above have?
Circle each unit" in the above molecules.
Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharide; lipids are made up of Glycerol and fatty acids and Proteins are made up of Amino acids.
What are Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are the simple sugar molecules which consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms having a ratio of hydrogen–oxygen of 2:1. One of three main nutrients along with proteins and fats.
Body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose which is the main source of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs and can be used immediately or stored in the liver and muscles for later use.
There are three main types of carbohydrates:
1.Sugars
They are also called simple carbohydrates as they are present in the most basic form.
2.Starches
They are complex carbohydrates made up of lots of simple sugars strung together.
3.Fiber
It is also a complex carbohydrate which cannot be break down
Thus, Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharide; lipids are made up of Glycerol and fatty acids and Proteins are made up of Amino acids.
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1) During the 1950's, several scientists were responsible for discovering the structure of DNA. One scientist, Erwin Chargaff, found that in DNA, the ratios of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C) are always equal. What does Chargaff's discovery indicate about the structure of DNA and its impact on replication? All BUT ONE choice could apply.
A.)Adenine pairs with thymine; guanine with cytosine.
B) The base pairing facilitates DNA replication and RNA transcription. Eliminate
C) When pairing nucleotides, you must pair a purine with a pyrimidine.
D) If we read the sequence of nucleotides on one strand of DNA, we can identify the complementary sequence on the other strand.
Chargaff's discovery about the structure of DNA and its impact on replication is associated with the observation that adenine pairs with thymine; while guanine pairs with cytosine (Option A).
What is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule?The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is a double helix molecule composed of two chains of nucleotides (adenine or A, guanine or G, cytosine or C and thymine or T) linked via hydrogen bonds, where A pairs with T via two hydrogen bonds, while C pairs with G via 3 hydrogen bonds.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule adenine pairs with thymine while cytosine pairs with guanine.
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What is the relationship between temperature and orca survival?
The relationship between temperature and orca survival is that they inhabit waters with a constant temperature of 0 degrees, therefore if the temperature rises, the orca's prey will perish.
What connection exists between Orcas and temperature?Orcas maintain a body temperature that is comparable to that of humans. Orcas, however, lose a lot more heat to the environment than humans do since they live in water.
Orcas have developed a variety of strategies to attempt and keep their heat under check in reaction to this.
Note that Killer whales have also been spotted in warm water environments, including Florida, Gulf of Mexico, as well as more temperate regions, like New Zealand as well as South Africa.
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Release factor 1 has been mutated so now it binds to the codon 5’-ugg-3’ and the gene encoding the native trna that binds to the ugg has been deleted. Assuming that the cell with these mutations is viable, what would occur at the ugg codon? look at the genetic code in lecture slides or in your book.
The original UGG tRNA encoding has been removed and the cell with this mutation is alive, so the UGG codon will change the codon sequence.
When the coding for a nucleotide is removed, a mutation occurs. These mutations are called frame shift mutations. These mutations are caused by the addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides in the DNA, usually followed by a shift in codon reading resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence in the protein that the gene encodes for. The frameshift is divided into two, namely single base deletion and single base insertion. Single base deletion occurs when a nucleotide is missing or missing from the DNA chain. Single base insertion occurs when a nucleotide pair inserts into the DNA chain
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Why does the top trophic level have less organisms than the first trophic level
At higher trophic levels, there is typically less energy, which results in fewer creatures as well.
Why are higher trophic levels less populated with organisms?Consequently, we will typically see larger animals as we up the trophic ladder. However, as they move up the food chain, these larger animals must rely on less energy generated at the lower trophic levels in order to survive. As a result, higher trophic levels typically have fewer creatures.
Why do creatures at the top trophic level tend to be more numerous?The highest number of species, mostly plants, are found in the first trophic level. Primary producers are the creatures in this layer because they obtain their energy from an abiotic source. many primary producers obtain their energy from the sun itself.
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A) what is the gender of the individual?
B) could this be the karyotype of a human sperm cell? Explain you reasoning.
C) what evidence is there of non-disjunction
A karyotype is the chromosomic dotation of an individual. It is a representation of all the chromosomes present in a cell. A) The individual is a male. B) This si not the karyotype of a sperm cell. C) A trisomy in pair 16 is evidence of non-disjunction.
What is a karyotype?
A karyotype is a term used to refer to the complete set of an individual's chromosomes. It refers to the total number of chromosomes found in each individual cell. The karyotype is the individual's chromosomic dotation.
Each species has its own karyotype because the number of chromosomes per species might vary. For instance,
The karyotype of human beings is composed of 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes. The karyotype of Drosophila melanogaster is composed of 4 pairs of chromosomes.
Whenever there is affection, karyotypes might vary among individuals of the same species. For example, people affected by Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes in pair 21 because of a chromosomic segregation failure during meiosis.
The karyotype concept can also be used to refer to clinical diagnosis.
When looking at the exposed karyotype, we can say that,
A) The individual is a male because there is an X and a Y chromosome.
B) This is a human being's karyotype but does not belong to a sperm cell.
Let us remember that sperm cells are gametes, and gametes are haploid. The number of chromosomes found in gametes is 23.
This karyotype represents a diploid cell with 44 autosomes and 2 sexual chromosomes aligned and paired with their homologous chromosome.
C) There is a trisomy in what should be pair 16. There are three chromosomes instead of two. This fact is evidence of a failure in homologous chromosome segregation during the anaphase of meiosis (non-disjunction).
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An evaluation on using light technology (Lasik)
The evaluation on using light technology (Lasik) is it being a fast procedure which has less complications.
What is Technology?This is referred to as the application of scientific knowledge into practical use and it helps in the reduction of errors and makes work easier and faster.
Light technology (Lasik) is a type of procedure which involves the use of excimer laser which emits a cool ultraviolet light beam and is used to reshape the cornea of individuals with astigmatism, nearsightedness etc.
This method was evaluated and was found to be a fast and reliable method of treatment for different types of eye defects. It also results in little or no complications arising from it because it is bloodless and there is no risk of contamination by foreign bodies.
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a woman and her spouse both show the normal phenotype for pigmentation, but both had one parent with albinism (albino features; lack of pigmentation). albinism is a recessive trait. what is the probability that their first child will display albinism?
A married couple's skin pigm-entation is typical. Her mom was an albino, and so was his father. An autosomal gen-etic dis-order causes albinism.
A phenotypic example is what?The term "phenotype" describes a person's observable characteristics, such as stature, eye color, and blood type. Both a person's genomic make-up (genotype) and environ-mental circumstances affect their phenotype.
What exactly are a genotype and phenotype?
The genotype of an individual is their own DNA pattern. More specifically, the two traits a person acquired for a specific gene are referred to by this phrase. The clin-ical presentation of a pat-ient is the observable expression of this genotype, or phenotype.
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Microorganisms play a vital role in the nitrogen cycle “justify the statement.
Answer:
Without nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen would not be replenished.
Explanation:
The nitrogen cycle is critical because all living things need nitrogen. Atmospheric nitrogen cannot be used by most organisms and must be converted into a usable form. This is why we need microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing bacteria) to do this task. Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into usable ammonia (NH3) and to nitrates and nitrites (NO3 & NO2). Other bacteria convert these back to N2. These are all important to keep nitrogen cycling.
It is becoming clear that denitrifying fungi, nitrifying archaea, anammox bacteria, aerobic denitrifying bacteria, and heterotrophic nitrifying microorganisms are key players in the nitrogen cycle.
In the nitrogen fixation process, nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert the N2
in the atmosphere into NH3 (ammonia). This bacteria binds hydrogen molecules with the gaseous nitrogen to form ammonia in the soil.
During assimilation, or when plants take up nitrates from the soil, bacteria aid in the process with the plants making ammonia. Animal waste is also a major place where bacteria thrive and produce ammonia. The process in which assimilation occurs in plants, and then bacteria convert the nitrates to ammonia is called ammonification.
From the conversion of ammonia to nitrites, bacteria also aid in this process called nitrification. The nitrifying bacteria mostly present in soils, oxidize ammonia into nitrites, and from nitrites to nitrates.
Finally, the process of denitrification also has bacteria present to aid in converting nitrates back into a gaseous form of nitrogen in the atmosphere.
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which stress on a population is a direct result of overcrowding? responses air pressure changes air pressure changes rapid spread of disease rapid spread of disease mutation mutation immigration
Stress on a population that is a direct result of overcrowding is : rapid spread of disease .
What is overcrowding?Overcrowding increases the risk of infection as number of potential transmitters increases. This results in the children and adults living in crowded conditions getting more infections and severe infections.
While population density offers an objective measure of the number of people living per unit area but overcrowding refers to people's psychological response to density.
Overcrowding may be caused due to increased birth rates, lower mortality rates, reduced predation and large scale migration. This leads to the overabundant species and other animals in the ecosystem competing for food, space, and resources.
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if a scientist wanted to compare the expression of one gene under two sets of conditions, what technique would they use?
If a scientist wanted to compare the expression of one gene under two sets of conditions, chain termination is the technique they would use.
Chain termination is any chemical response that ceases the formation of reactive intermediates in a sequence propagation step withinside the route of a polymerization, efficaciously bringing it to a halt.
Sanger sequencing, additionally referred to as the “chain termination technique”, is a way for figuring out the nucleotide collection of DNA. The approach become evolved with the aid of using time Nobel Laureate Frederick Sanger and his colleagues in 1977, subsequently the call the Sanger Sequence.
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Which axis indirectly shows the relative amount of dna per cell? by what relationship?.
The x-axis indirectly shows the relative amount of DNA per cell. As the DNA was stained, there is a relationship between fluorescence and DNA content.
The x-axis does not show the relative amount of DNA per cell directly. It can be seen through a special type of graph known as a histogram. If we look at it, peaks and dips can be seen as similar to fluorescence.
This indirectly shows the relative amount of DNA per cell. This confirms the relationship between the fluorescence and the relative amount of DNA in the cell.
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which rna molecule carries the nucleotide sequence responsible for the amino acid sequence in proteins?
RNA molecule carries the nucleotide sequence responsible for the amino acid sequence in proteins is mRNA or messenger RNA.
mRNA is formed in the nucleus of the cell via the process of transcription during the information from DNA gets encoded in the mRNA molecule. From nucleus the mRNA molecule gets transferred to the cytoplasm where under the control of translation machinery and ribosome it gets translated to protein molecules.
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