The conclusion is:
- They all have statocysts so may have evolved from a common ancestor - they may be classified based on phylogeny.
- But they could also be an example of convergent evolution - they may have adapted and so don't have a common ancestor but have adapted in similar ways.
Convergent evolution refers to the separate emergence of identical characteristics in animals from distinct time periods or epochs. Convergent evolution produces homologous structures that have similar shape or function but were not present in that groups' last common ancestor. Speciation happens as a result of divergent evolution when one species splits into many descendent species.
Convergent evolution happens when two creatures that have no recent common ancestor become more similar as they adapt to a similar ecological niche. The creatures have convergent phenotypes, and their structural forms that are comparable are referred to as homologous structures (such as bird wings and bat wings).
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the grants had three questions they were trying to answer by studying the finches. what were two of them?
Two of the questions that the Grants were trying to answer were:
How does natural selection affect the beak size and shape of finches over time?How does the variation in beak size and shape affect the finches' ability to survive and reproduce?The Grants had three questions they were trying to answer through their study of the finches. This study, conducted by Peter and Rosemary Grant, was a long-term research project that focused on the evolution of beak size and shape in the finches of the Galápagos Islands.
The Grants studied the finches over many years and observed changes in the beak size and shape in response to changes in their environment, such as variations in food availability.
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if you examined a cross section of a eudicot plant stem, in what order would you encounter different plant tissues from the pith outward? phloem, vascular cambium, xylem phloem, xylem, vascular cambium vascular cambium, phloem, xylem xylem, vascular cambium, phloem
xylem, vascular cambium, phloem. The number of cotyledons is the primary distinction between monocots and eudicots. A monocot has a single cotyledon, whereas a eudicot has two.
Tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres, and xylem parenchyma are what they are. While parenchyma is active and has thin walls and is involved in the storage process, tracheids, vessels, and xylem fibres are dead cells with lignified thick walls. On the inside side of the stem, the xylem is always present. A layer of meristem cells known as the cambium (or vascular cambium), which is situated between the xylem and phloem, is present in the vascular bundles of dicot stems. Watch it in Function: By dividing to produce new xylem and phloem cells, these cells promote secondary growth, enlarging the stem's circumference.
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What is a key difference between a local (paracrine) regulator and a hormone?
a) Local regulators are small, hydrophobic molecules; hormones are either large polypeptides or steroids.
b) Local regulators diffuse to neighbouring cells; hormones usually travel throughout the body to distant target cells.
c) Local regulators initiate short-term responses; hormones trigger longer-lasting responses.
d) The signal transduction pathways of local regulators do not involve second messengers; pathways triggered by hormones do involve second messengers.
e) Local regulators often open ligand-gated channels and affect ion concentrations in cells; hormones bind with intracellular receptors and affect gene expression.
The key difference between a local (paracrine) regulator and a hormone is b) Local regulators diffuse to neighbouring cells; hormones usually travel throughout the body to distant target cells.
This is the most accurate distinction between the two types of regulators. Local regulators diffuse to neighboring cells and have a more limited range of target cells, while hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and can travel throughout the body to reach distant target cells.
So, the correct option is (b) Local regulators diffuse to neighbouring cells; hormones usually travel throughout the body to distant target cells.
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why were antibiotics not prescribed to fight against the virus
explain what would happen within the lac operon with high lactose. use the words repressor, operator, transcription, and operon in your response and bold them.
The lac repressor ties firmly to the administrator, forestalling the record by RNA polymerase. Be that as it may, when lactose is available, the lac repressor loses its capacity to tie DNA.
The presence of both lactose and glucose will switch off the capability of the lac qualities as the lactose particle will tie to the repressor protein. The limiting of repressor protein further permits the limiting of administrator protein, and when administrator protein is dormant, a record of lac qualities happens.
Lactose causes a conformational change in the repressor, and it empties the administrators, permitting RNA polymerase to get sufficiently close to the advertiser and start recording. Hu and Davidson (1987) were quick to utilize lac components to control correspondent quality articulation reversibly in mammalian cells.
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PLS HELP DUE IN 4MIN is it possible to find Permian rocks beneath devonian rocks
Indicate which form of hemopoiesis can improve the symptoms of each condition.Improved through erythropoesis:Sickle cell diseaseAnemiaHemolysisHypoxiaHemolytic disease of the newbornMalariaKwashiorkorHemorrhageTransfusion reactionsImproved through leukopoesis:LeukopeniaNOT improved through erythropoesis or leukopoesis:LeukemiaHematologyPrimary polycythemiaSecondary polycythemia
Currently, the only treatment available for some sickle cell disease patients is a bone marrow and blood transplant.
Your healthcare practitioner could provide medications or transfusions after an early diagnosis to treat problems, such as chronic discomfort. Eat well-balanced meals and drink glasses of water each day if you have sickle cell disease. Avoid becoming too hot, chilly, or exhausted. Children should engage in physical activity to maintain their health. The gene that instructs the body to produce hemoglobin, an iron-rich substance found in red blood cells, is altered in sickle cell anemia. Red blood cells deliver oxygen from the lungs throughout the body thanks to hemoglobin.
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What is the advantage of using STR?
The advantage of using STR (Short term-Rehabilitation) is that it enables for easy cross-laboratory comparison of results without binning.
Therapy is offered to those suffering from surgery, sickness, or an accident in short-term rehabilitation (STR). People who require short-term in-patient rehabilitation can typically continue participating in their programme at the healthcare facilities for a few days to several weeks.
Results from various laboratories may be easily compared without binning because to the identification of distinct alleles. Additionally, STRs can be used to type smaller amounts of DNA, including degraded DNA. A method for lowering the cardinality of continuous and discrete data is binning, also known as discretization. Binning reduces the number of distinct values by grouping similar values together in bins.
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What are "off target edits" using CRISPR?
Despite the selectivity of the Cas9 enzyme and other CRISPR-associated endonucleases, off-target alterations, which are often defined as changes to the DNA or RNA in locations other than the target site, are known to occur as a result of gene editing.
What is CRISPR?CRISPR/Cas9 edits genes by accurately slicing DNA, which is then repaired by the body's own mechanisms.
The Cas9 enzyme and a guide RNA make up the system's two components. quickly converting cutting-edge technologies into transformational treatments.
It is known that off-target alterations, which are frequently described as changes to the DNA or RNA in regions other than the target site, can happen as a result of gene editing despite the selectivity of the Cas9 enzyme and other CRISPR-associated endonucleases.
Thus, these are "off target edits" using CRISPR.
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what is the main function of rna polymerase?
RNA polymerase is an enzyme that's responsible for the recap of DNA into RNA motes. It's the main enzyme involved in the process of recap, which is the first step of gene expression.
During recap, the information decoded in the DNA is used to synthesize a reciprocal beachfront of RNA. RNA polymerase binds to the protagonist sequence of the DNA, which is a specific sequence of DNA that marks the morning of the gene. It also uses the DNA as a template to synthesize the RNA patch. During this process,
The RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing beachfront of RNA, while also proofreading the recently synthesized beachfront to insure its delicacy. Once the RNA patch is complete, it's released from the RNA polymerase and can continue on to the coming step in gene expression.
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Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle yields a compound with high phosphoryl-transfer potential? O citrate synthase O isocitrate dehydrogenase O a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase succinyl CoA synthetase
Succinyl CoA synthetase is the enzyme of the citric acid cycle yields a compound with high phosphoryl-transfer potential so the correct option is D.
Succinyl CoA synthetase is the enzyme of the citric acid cycle that plays a crucial part in the product of energy in the form of ATP. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of one phosphate group from succinyl CoA to ADP, performing in the conformation of ATP and CoA.
This is the response yields a different emulsion with high phosphoryl- transfer eventuality because of the large quantum of energy released during the transfer. The ATP formed in this response can also be used for colorful metabolic processes,
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Describe the three patterns of biological diversity Darwin observed, and provide examples:
Species vary globally
Species vary locally
Species vary over time
Species vary globally such as occurs in the case of different bird species, Species vary locally such as occurs in the finch species located in the Galapagos islands and Species vary over time such as we observed by examining the fossil record of past mammals.
What is the evolutionary process proposed by Darwin?The evolutionary process proposed by Darwin is a slow but continuous process of change in species as a consequence of differential reproduction.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the evolutionary process proposed by Darwin is slow because selection act at each generation on individuals.
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Once fluid levels and hypothermia were addressed, what would be the next concern a medical professional would need to monitor for a burn victim while the burns were healing?
Bacteria can enter the burn or wound and produce an infection as it heals. Keep an eye out for: Outside of the burn or wound, there is redness. Skin that is warm or heated to the touch.
What is bacteria?Bacteria are widespread, generally free-living creatures that typically consist of a single biological cell. They are a vast group of prokaryotic bacteria. Bacteria, which are typically a few micrometres in length, were among the first living forms to arise on Earth and are found in the majority of its habitats. Bacteria are single-celled living entities that are extremely small. Bacteria come in millions of distinct varieties. Many are advantageous to you and can be found in and on your body. These bacteria comprise your microbiome, which helps to keep your body healthy. Other germs can cause illness.
Here,
Bacteria can penetrate a burn or wound and cause an infection to develop while it heals. Keep an eye out for: Redness outside of the burn or wound. To the touch, warm or hot skin.
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the grants point out that the finches on daphne major, the galapagos island where they conducted their research, are not afraid of humans. how can this be good, and how can this be bad?
While the fact that the finches on Daphne Major are not afraid of humans can be a positive thing for researchers, it can also be a negative thing for the finches themselves.
It is important to consider both the positive and negative consequences of this trait and to take steps to minimize any negative impacts.
The fact that the finches on Daphne Major, one of the Galápagos Islands, are not afraid of humans is both a good and a bad thing. This trait can have both positive and negative consequences for the finches and for the researchers who study them.
On the positive side, the lack of fear of humans can make it easier for researchers to study the finches and gather data about their behavior and biology. This can lead to a deeper understanding of the evolution and ecology of these fascinating birds.
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the fact that the courtship song of hybrid offspring is not recognized by either of the parents is an example of
This kind of isolation is demonstrated by the fact that neither of the parents can distinguish the courtship song of hybrid offspring.
Contrary to quarantine, isolation refers to the requirement that a person with an infectious illness be kept apart from healthy people. If the patient's condition is improving and the fever has subsided for at least 24 hours (without the use of fever-relieving medications).
Isolation may be ended at least five days after the onset of symptoms (day 0 is the day on which symptoms first emerged, and day 1 is the next full day). When a patient has a contagious illness that can spread to others, isolation nursing is utilized. Isolation is frequently employed in medical settings.
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in the course of your web searches, what did you learn about the cellular function of the protein?
Proteolytic enzymes are responsible for forming and organizing cells, producing products, eliminating waste, and maintaining their health. A protein also absorbs signals from the environment and activates cellular reactions.
Proteins play a number of important roles in the body, including providing structure, controlling bodily functions, moving objects, maintaining fluid balance, assisting in immunity, and supplying energy. A protein's structure is composed of these elements. An oligopeptide backbone consists of side chains connected to it. In addition to promoting structural integrity and controlling how substances flow through cell membranes, enzymes ward off sickness and organize cell signaling pathways.
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a geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the polypeptide encoded by a gene. this mutation probably involved question 13 options: substitution of one nucleotide deletion of one nucleotide insertion of one nucleotide alteration of one nucleotide
The particular mutation which had no effect on the polypeptide encoded by a gene involves substitution of one nucleotide.
A substitution of one nucleotide in a gene can cause a change in the sequence of the encoded polypeptide, but this change may or may not affect the function of the protein. If a geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the polypeptide, it is likely that the substitution resulted in a silent mutation, meaning that the change in the nucleotide sequence did not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein.
Silent mutations are thought to be evolutionarily neutral, as they do not affect the function of the protein. In contrast, insertions or deletions of nucleotides in a gene can disrupt the reading frame of the encoded polypeptide, often leading to a truncated or non-functional protein, while alterations of nucleotides can result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein, potentially affecting its function.
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I need help explaining and answering
Explanation:
From what I understand, the hormones shown on the graph were estrogen and progesterone, from what I can deduce, the growth of the follicle are not affected directly by those hormones hence the answer would be section B and C
The development of the follicle is brought about by the production of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and then after ovulation in the luteal phase, the development is brought about by the luteinizing hormone(LH) so that is how I eliminated section A.
Section C shows the lining of the uterus, progesterone directly affects the build up of the lining.
Although I'm still a bit unsure of my answer simply before estrogen is responsible in a way for making the body produce the FSH needed to develop the follicle, but it's how the question stated "directly" is making me uncertain
Please help me 50 20 points
According to recent research, the appendix is a repository of beneficial gut bacteria that can repopulate the gut after an illness that flushes out the bacteria, such as diarrhea. This new understanding of the appendix suggests that it is not a completely vestigial structure and may serve a different purpose than its ancestral function.
a friend in your biology study group claims that eggs in mosses are fertilized by spores. what is wrong with that statemin all cells, separation of replicated chromosomes is a prerequisite for cell division. however, the mechanism of chromosome separation in bacteria is distinct from that in eukaryotes in several ways.nt?
The statement is incorrect because mosses are non-vascular plants and do not have eggs, they have spores.
In mosses, asexual reproduction is a common method of reproduction where new plants are produced from parts of the parent plant. Fragments are one type of asexual reproduction in mosses where pieces of the parent plant break off and grow into new individuals. This process does not involve fertilization or the fusion of gametes. Instead, the fragments develop into new plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Asexual reproduction in mosses allows for rapid colonization of new habitats and the production of large populations without the need for sexual reproduction. This is a crucial adaptation for survival in environments with limited resources, where sexual reproduction may not be efficient or possible.
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What is the purpose of wiping down your work area with bleach before and after an experiment?
List five safety precautions you used to protect yourself while culturing microbes.
What is a colony and how does a colony relate to a bacterial cell? Why are colonies important in the study of microbiology?
To sanitise the work environment, bleach should be applied both before and after an experiment. An essential technique used in the microbiology lab to identify bacteria is colony morphology observation.
Safety precautions:
Make sure you are taking all required procedures to avoid introducing undesirable germs to your culture before beginning an experiment.To avoid breaking the glass, caution should be taken when opening tubes with tight caps. When handling culture media or any reagent, stain, fixative, or chemical used in a laboratory, caution should be taken to prevent contact with the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.Colony & importance:
According to the definition of a colony, which is an apparent collection of microorganisms that have all descended from a single mother cell, a colony is a collection of genetically identical bacteria.To examine the distinctive form, size, colour, surface texture, and isolation from other colonies, colonies must be kept widely apart.Learn more about microbes here:
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Assertion: chromosomes are responsible for the transfer of characteristics from parent to offspring
Reason: chromosomes are present in nucleus
Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of the
Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
Assertion is true but Reason is false.
Assertion is false but Reason is true.
Answer:
Explanation:
Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of the..
How did the lab activities help you answer the lesson question: How do environmental changes affect both living and nonliving things in a watershed? What conclusions can you make based on your observations?
The lab activities contribute to the answer by allowing hands-on observation and experimentation in the environment, which affects both living and nonliving things of the watershed.
What is the significance of the lab activities?Lab activities are very useful as they provide the individual with the skill of experimentation, the way to prove the hypothesis or theory, help students learn and apply the scientific method, and also improve problem-solving, critical thinking, data analysis, etc. to solve real-world problems and situations.
Hence, the lab activities contribute to the answer by allowing hands-on observation and experimentation in the environment, which affects both living and nonliving things.
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Answer:
In the lab activity, I used a virtual watershed to demonstrate how pollutants enter and flow through the watershed. I constructed food chains to show how biotic factors are related. I also predicted and modeled how human activity affected the biotic factors in an ecosystem. Based on my observations, I can conclude that biotic and abiotic factors are closely linked and that human activity that changes the environment, like pollution, can affect all the other parts of an ecosystem in a negative way.
which target organ receives dual innervation? which target organ receives dual innervation? sweat glands coronary blood vessels kidney small intestine
The small intestine is the target organ that receives dual innervation. Dual innervation is the innervation given by both thoughtful and parasympathetic sensory systems.
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems both innervate the majority of visceral organs and parts of the gastrointestinal tract, like the small intestine. The spinal cord provides innervation to the small intestine.
Only the sympathetic nervous system supplies the innervation to the kidney. The afferent and efferent nerves are the nerves that supply kidney function.
The sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems innervate some of the effector organs, such as the sweat glands and coronary blood vessels. The parasympathetic cholinergic fibers innervate coronary blood vessels, while the sympathetic cholinergic fibers innervate sweat glands.
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Which cells do NOT respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells?
The cell that does not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells is A. cancer cells.
Why are cancer cells immune to this?
Signals that control cell growth are not reacted to by cancer cells. A TUMOR is a group of cells formed by cancer cells.
Cancerous cells have the potential to erupt and SPREAD all over the body. Through METASTASIS, cancer cells create tumors in different tissues.
Hence, it can be noted that cancerous cells do NOT respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells.
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your brain requires a lot of blood to deliver oxygen and glucose. two arteries in particular deliver blood into the cranium. the right and left internal carotid arteries, branches of the common carotid arteries, pass through the carotid canal. the left and right vertebral arteries, small branches of the left and right subclavian arteries, pass through the foramen magnum. once through, the left and right vertebral arteries converge to form the basilar artery. together, the basilar artery along with the left and right internal carotid arteries work together to form the: a. circle of william b. circle of willis c. circle of wilma d. circle of nutella
The Circle of Willis is a complex network of arteries found at the base of the brain, consisting of the left and right internal carotid, basilar, and vertebral arteries.
This structure acts as a backup pathway, providing an alternative route for blood to reach the brain if one of the arteries is obstructed. By providing an alternate route, the Circle of Willis ensures that the brain receives an adequate supply of oxygen and glucose, even in the event of an obstruction.
The Circle of Willis is a crucial network of arteries that ensures the continuous flow of blood to the brain. The structure is composed of the left and right internal carotid arteries, the anterior communicating artery which connects them, the left and right posterior communicating arteries that link the internal carotid arteries to the basilar artery, and the basilar artery formed by the left and right vertebral arteries that in turn connects to the posterior cerebral arteries.
Finally, the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries complete the Circle of Willis by joining the internal carotid arteries. Should any of these arteries become blocked, the other arteries can supply the brain with the necessary oxygen and glucose which is essential for its functioning.
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Which cell structure acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell?
The cell membrane functions as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating how things enter and leave the cell.
A cell is protected by its cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane.
The membrane also keeps a uniform atmosphere from the inside of the cell, and it has a variety of responsibilities.
One is to move compounds out of the cell that are harmful as well as nutrients into the cell.
Another is that there will be proteins on the cell's membrane, which is its plasma membrane, that interact with other cells.
These proteins may be lipid proteins, which contain both a protein and a fatty acid, or they may be glycoproteins, which contain both a protein and a sugar moiety.
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there is a lot of talk about stem cells in the media. what is unique about these cells? there is a lot of talk about stem cells in the media. what is unique about these cells? stem cells can grow under any conditions. stem cells are not affected by nutrient availability. stem cells can provide a cure for all diseases. stem cells are not fully differentiated.
Self-renewal and differentiation are unique features of stem cells. This indicates that they are not fully differentiated and can be used to generate numerous other types of cells.
Additionally, because they are unaffected by the availability of nutrients, stem cells are able to function in a variety of settings and still be utilized in medical research and treatment. Because they can be used to regenerate and repair damaged tissue, even if the tissue is severely damaged, stem cells have the potential to provide a cure for all diseases.
Because they can self-renew and differentiate into a wide variety of other cells, stem cells are an effective tool in medicine. This indicates that they can be utilized to generate a wide range of additional cells, even in various environments. Stem cells can also be used to repair damaged tissue and possibly find treatments for diseases.
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a substance with a pH of two is called
Answer:
an acidic substance
When a pregnant cat is malnourished, her kittens are born extremely underweight. Them being underweight would be considered a inherited from the mother cat's DNA. b.to be due to histone modification. c. an epigenetic effect. d. a maturity effect
The malnourishment of pregnant cat and giving birth to extremely underweight kittens can be considered as (c) an epigenetic effect.
Malnourishment is defined as the lack of proper and essential nutrients in an organism. The reasons of malnourishment can be various like poverty, diseases, poor diet, etc. The symptoms of malnourishment are: fatigue, extreme weight loss, dizziness, etc.
Epigenetic effects are the modifications in the working of genes that does not cause changes in the genetic sequences. These changes are upon the genes, that can be reversed back. The epigenetic effects can be inherited as it is to the offspring.
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