Homologous structures are defined as those that originate from the same embryonic tissues but take on different mature forms.
What is the composition of species with potentially the same origin but various functions?Homologous structures are comparable physical characteristics found in creatures with a shared ancestry, but the characteristics have entirely different biological purposes. Human, feline, whale, and bat limbs are examples of homologous structures.
These structures, whether they be an arm, leg, flipper, or wing, are all supported by the same bone structure.
Divergent evolutionary processes give rise to homologies. Divergent evolution is the process through which animals with a shared ancestor develop and acquire distinctions, frequently culminating in the emergence of new species. This could happen as a result of stressors such changes in abiotic or biotic components in the environment.
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With respect to abo and rh blood groups, there are __________ different blood types.
With respect to abo and rh blood groups, there are eight different blood types.
In general , 4 main blood groups or types of blood – A, B, AB and O is found. The blood group you carry is determined by the genes that you acquire from your parents. These blood types can become each of two RhD positive or RhD negative, that in total makes up to 8 blood groups.
Also , There exists 5 main Rh antigens on the surface of red cells – C, c, D, E, e. Out of which Rh D is the most important of all. And these D antigen on the red cell gives you the positive (+) and if it is lacking it gives negative (-) after the letter A, B, AB or O.
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what is organ of digestion the main site of absorption?
Tiny intestines. The ongoing collapse process is primarily its fault. The jejunum and ileum, located at the bottom of the gut of organ, are principally in charge of bloodstream nutrient absorption.
The contents turn from semi-solid to liquid after transiting the small intestine. The duodenum is the initial part of the small intestine. The ongoing collapse process is primarily its fault. The jejunum and ileum, located at the bottom of the gut, are principally in charge of bloodstream nutrient absorption. It aids in the further digestion of foods that are stomach-born. It consumes food to get the water, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals the body organ needs to function. The tiny intestine is a part of the digestive system.
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how does a gene that codes for the protein hemoglobin determine whether or not someone has sickle cell disease?
A mutation in the gene causes the protein to be made abnormally, producing an abnormal type of hemoglobin and can lead to sickle cell anemia.
What happens to the hemoglobin protein in sickle cell disease?
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition caused by mutations in both copies of a person's HBB gene. This gene encodes a component of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein of red blood cells. This mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together to form crescent-shaped red blood cells.
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body. The gene that encodes hemoglobin determines what kind of protein is produced and whether someone has sickle cell anemia.A mutation in the gene causes the protein to be made abnormally, producing an abnormal type of hemoglobin and can lead to sickle cell anemia. People with sickle cell anemia have an abnormal type of hemoglobin called sickle hemoglobin, which can cause red blood cells to become deformed and hard.Therefore, the cells have a low oxygen-carrying capacity and tend to clump together, causing circulatory disturbances and anemia.
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hich of the following is not a characteristic that all arthropods share? question 1 options: ability to breathe underwater exoskeleton segmented body jointed legs / appendages
A closed circulatory system is a trait that does not apply to arthropods; hence choice D is the best one.
Arthropoda, the biggest phylum, with over nine lakh species and includes parasitic, aquatic, and even terrestrial species. They have jointed appendages and chitinous exoskeletons. The class Insecta, which makes up a significant portion of all animal species in the world, is one of a number of significant classes found in this phylum. It is believed that annelids and arthropods share a common ancestor. The three arthropod lineages are assumed to have split from a single common ancestor. Adaptations like breathing tracheae were developed by the earliest arthropods. Arthropods are organisms with segmented bodies, an exoskeleton covering their bodies, and joint appendages or legs. Invertebrates classified as Arthropoda mostly consist of insects, crustaceans, and myriapods.
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which bacteria ferment milk lactose, producing acids that curdle milk?
The bacteria that ferment milk lactose, producing acids that curdle milk are lactic acid bacteria (LAB).
Lactic acid bacteria are bacteria that responsible for the fermentation of lactose, which is the primary sugar found in milk. The most common lactic acid bacteria used in the fermentation of milk are Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. These bacteria convert the lactose in milk into lactic acid, which causes the milk to curdle and form yogurt or cheese.
Other lactic acid bacteria that can be used in the fermentation of milk include Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. These bacteria are also used in the production of fermented milk products such as kefir and sour cream. In summary, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, are responsible for the fermentation of milk lactose, producing acids that curdle milk.
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What are the arrangements for the coccus shape?
The coccus has a single cell and is spherical or rounded in form. Protozoa, certain algae, and bacteria all exhibit this layout.
A coccus's cell wall might be thin and flexible or thick and solid. A coccus's cell composition can be categorised as diplo, strepto, or tetrad. Tetrad refers to four cocci cells arranged in a square, whereas diplo and strepto refer to two cocci cells linked together.
Coccus cells can also be grouped in a bunch, like a grape cluster, or in a cluster, like palisades. The kind and species of bacteria or protozoan determine how the cells are arranged.
For instance, the staphylococcus bacteria are grouped in clusters, but the diplococcus bacteria are arranged in pairs. The function of the coccus cells can also be affected by their configuration. By way of example, diplococci frequently produce toxins, whereas staphylococci typically produce enzymes.
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enzymes that can be shut down or activated based on the presence of chemicals in their environment are called
Allosteric enzymes are those that may be turned on or off depending on the chemicals present in their surrounding area.
The allosteric site, which is distinct from the enzyme's active site, is a second location on the structure of allosteric enzymes. A conformational shift in the enzyme can be brought on by the binding of certain molecules to the allosteric site, which can either stimulate or inhibit its activity. This enables the fine-tuning of enzyme activity in response to modifications in the environment or metabolic requirements of the cell. In order for a chemical reaction to take place, less activation energy is needed, which causes the reaction to proceed more quickly than it would without the enzyme. Due to their extreme specificity, enzymes can only catalyse certain types of reactions. They undergo a conformational shift to promote the reaction when they attach to a particular molecule, known as the substrate, at a location known as the active site.
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Why are the effects of genetic drift more pronounced in smaller populations?
The effects of genetic drift more pronounced in smaller populations because of stochastic sampling error, small populations lose genetic diversity faster than big populations (i.e., genetic drift).
The population size, formally the effective population size, is connected to the population's drift strength and the risk of inbreeding. Furthermore, because the population is smaller, individuals are more likely to breed with close relatives.
Individuals in confined populations are more intimately linked to each other than individuals in prior generations. In a hypothetical population of only four individuals, for example, if two pairings each had two kids the offspring must either mate with a sibling, a parent, or an individual from the other couple.
If they pick the non-sibling/non-parent option, all kids in the third generation must mate with people who have the same grandparents or abstain from reproducing. Although this is an extreme example owing to the extremely small hypothetical population, the same patterns and dynamics may be found in bigger - albeit still small - populations.
Although the method of genetic diversity loss due to inbreeding and drift differs, the impact on populations are similar. Inbreeding and drift both limit genetic variety, which has been linked to an increased risk of population extinction, a slower population growth rate, a worse capacity to respond to environmental change, and a lower ability of released individuals to survive and reproduce in the wild.
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in a food chain, snakes consume mice, which in turn feed on grasshoppers. the grasshoppers consume grass. how great a biomass of mice could 10,000 kg of grass likely support?
The biomass of mice that 10,000 kg of grass might possibly support is difficult to predict. This is due to how inefficiently energy is transferred between each trophic level.
For instance, 10 kilogrammes of grass is required to maintain 1 kg of grasshoppers, and 10 kg of grasshoppers are required to support 1 kg of mice.
Thus, the 10,000 kg of grass could sustain around 1000 kg of grasshoppers, who in turn could sustain about 100 kg of mice. This number is approximate since the environment and the species involved can affect how well energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
The biomass of mice that 10,000 kg of grass could support is therefore likely to be somewhere between 100-1000 kg.
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discuss two examples of how cell death affects the development and functioning of a multicellular organism.
Multicellular organisms use physiological mechanisms of cell death for development and morphogenesis, to regulate cell quantity, and as a defensive tactic to eliminate infected, mutant, or damaged cells.
Almost all multicellular creatures require cell death for optimal development, which frequently entails the synthesis of extra cells and the removal of those that are unnecessary. The cytoplasm or structural parts of the dead cell frequently play crucial roles in plants and sporadically in other species. Apoptosis, a form of cell death used by metazoans for development, is highly conserved and is distinguishable morphologically. In a multicellular organism, the unintentional death of cells causes swelling and membrane rupture as well as the inevitable leakage of cell contents into the surrounding tissue, which is harmful to the organism. The cells of metazoans have evolved sophisticated self-destruction mechanisms, collectively referred to as programmed cell death, that ensure the orderly elimination of surplus cells, in order to avoid this type of necrotic death.
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walking along a large city park on a hot summer day, you look for a cool resting place and sit down on a large rock under a willow tree, at the quiet edge of a stream. you have searched for and found an example of a:
a. Microclimate
b. Biome
c. Landscape
d. population
Option A is correct. The weather of a very tiny or constrained area is referred to as a microclimate, particularly when it differs from of the weather of the surroundings.
While the area surrounding is extremely hot, the location at the stream's edge, under a tree, or on a rock will also have a cooler microclimate. A organic oasis is a location in a generally urban setting where nature can flourish and offer a haven from the surrounding crowded environment. It is a tranquil, relaxing setting where people can escape the buzz of city life and get in touch with nature. In this instance, the woody tree and the stream offer cover and the sound of flowing water, which can cool the area and make it feel more energizing. It is the ideal natural oasis to escape the scorching sun of a summer day in the city because the rock offers a place to sit and take in the surroundings.
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the collection of microorganisms that live on or on a human host in a mutually beneficial way is called the human ______.
microbiome is the collection of microorganisms that live on or on a human host in a mutually beneficial way .
microbiome is defined as the collection of all microbes which includes bacteria, fungi, viruses, and their genes which naturally live on our bodies and inside us.
They have the role of protecting our bodies against the outside pathogens and also help in making the immunity for our body.
microbes often interact the environment, some are harmful or some are useful and act as buffer.
each part of body have different microbes, the whole body has varieties of microbes.
environmental conditions can also affect the microbiomes present in human body.
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Among known plant species, which of these have been the two most commonly occurring phenomena that have led to the origin of new species? 1. allopatric speciation 2. sympatric speciation 3. sexual selection 4. polyploidy 1 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4 1 and 3
Allopatric speciation and polyploidy are the two most often occurring mechanisms that have resulted in the emergence of new plant species.
What is polyploidy?An organism is said to be polyploid if it contains more than two complete sets of chromosomes in each of its cells. It can be caused either naturally or intentionally using methods like colchicine therapy. In plants, polyploidy is frequent, and many significant agricultural species, including wheat, cotton, and bananas, are polyploid. Although less frequently, it can also happen to animals. By prohibiting interbreeding between polyploid and diploid organisms, polyploidy can result in the emergence of new species. A greater genetic diversity, larger cells, and a stronger tolerance to external challenges are just a few examples of the evolutionary benefits it can offer. Additionally, polyploidy has a big impact on agriculture and plant breeding.
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Increases in _____ increase hunger, whereas increases in ____ decrease hungerA. orexin; blood glucoseB. hypothalamus ; blood glucoseC. blood glucose ; stored energyD. stored energy ; orexin
Increases in Orexin increase hunger, whereas increases in blood glucose decrease hunger.
The neuropeptide hypocretin is also known as orexin since its orexigenic activity was discovered early on. Orexin/hypocretin (OX) neurons project broadly throughout the brain, and the physiologic and behavioral roles of OX are far more complicated than was previously thought based on feeding stimulation.
OX primarily regulates processes related to attention, alertness, and motivation. OX also serves a variety of important roles in the regulation of food intake, metabolism, and overall energy balance in animals.
OX signaling not only stimulates food-seeking behavior after a short fast to boost food intake and defend body weight, but it also promotes energy expenditure to guard against obesity.
Furthermore, OX affects the autonomic nervous system to regulate glucose metabolism, especially during hypoglycemia reaction. OX neurons are consistently controlled by a number of dietary signals (including the hormones leptin and ghrelin) and metabolites (e.g., glucose, amino acids).
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I need help writing a short essay. I will give Brainleist !!! Paragraph 1 - Explain biodiversity and its importance.
Paragraph 2- Use one real life example of each of the 4 ecosystem services. They are provisioning, regulating, cultural
and supporting services.
Paragraph 3 - Describe genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity are each important for maintaining
healthy biodiversity.
Answer: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth and encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It is important because it supports the functioning of ecosystems and provides numerous benefits to human societies.
Explanation:
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth and encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It is important because it supports the functioning of ecosystems and provides numerous benefits to human societies.
One example of provisioning services is the production of food. Agriculture and aquaculture systems, for example, rely on biodiversity to provide crops and fish for human consumption. Regulating services include the role of wetlands in filtering pollutants and the role of forests in regulating water cycles. Cultural services are the non-material benefits that people obtain from biodiversity, such as recreation, aesthetic enjoyment, and spiritual fulfillment. An example of cultural services is birdwatching, which brings millions of tourists and millions of dollars to many countries each year. Supporting services are the basic processes that underlie all other ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling, soil formation, and primary production. An example of supporting services is the role of microbes in breaking down dead organic matter and releasing nutrients back into the soil.
Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species, species diversity refers to the variety of species within an ecosystem, and ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of ecosystems within a region. Each of these components is important for maintaining healthy biodiversity because they provide a buffer against environmental change and help ensure the survival of species in the face of unpredictable events. For example, genetic diversity allows species to adapt to new conditions and increases their chances of survival. Species diversity provides ecosystems with resilience and stability, while ecosystem diversity helps to ensure that a variety of important ecosystem services are maintained over time.
In conclusion, biodiversity is important because it supports the functioning of ecosystems and provides numerous benefits to human societies. Maintaining healthy levels of genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity is crucial for ensuring the continued provision of important ecosystem services.
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olds and milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the
To determine which region of the brain are responsible for rewards, Olds and Milner conducted experiments on rats. The reward area organizes interest in pleasurable stimuli, according to findings, is the hypothalamus.
What signs or symptoms point to a hypothalamic issue?Constipation, weariness, feeling always chilly, and weight gain are a few examples of symptoms. Low adrenal function symptoms might be present if the endocrine medulla become impacted. Fatigue, depression, poor appetite, fat loss, and a lack of enthusiasm in activities are only a few symptoms.
What occurs if the hypothalamus is hurt?But when the hypothalamus is injured, it is no longer precisely regulate your body temperature. As a result, you can get frequent hot or too cold flashes. Additional brain damage can result from a persistent rise in core body temperature.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding basic amino acids? A. The positively charged R groups of basic amino acids can bind to DNA. All of these choices are correct. B. The hydrophilic R group of the basic amino acid will be located in the interior of the protein. C. Basic amino acids will be considered as polar and hydrophobic. D. The R group of basic amino acids can only form covalent bonds with other molecules.
Answer:
A.The positively charged R groups of basic amino acids can bind to DNA.
Explanation:
100 POINTS! I need help on this please and as fast a possible.
Answer:
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia
Explanation:
Into which two subcategories can bulk transport be divided?
Endocytosis and osmosis
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Exocytosis and passive transport
Osmosis and facilitated diffusion
The correct answer is option B. Two subcategories of bulk transport can be divided into endocytosis and exocytosis.
Bulk transport involves moving big molecules like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates across a cell membrane. Since chemicals must pass across a cellular membrane, it is often referred to as transcellular transport.
Endocytosis and exocytosis are the two subcategories of bulk transport. The process of bringing big molecules, such proteins and lipids, into the cytoplasm of a cell is known as endocytosis.
Exocytosis, in contrast, is the process by which a cell releases big molecules into the external environment from its cytoplasm.
Large molecules are moved via creating vesicles, which are subsequently detached from the cell membrane and moved across in both of these processes. Consequently, exocytosis and endocytosis are the two subcategories of bulk transport.
Complete Question:
Into which two subcategories can bulk transport be divided?
A. Endocytosis and osmosis
B. Endocytosis and exocytosis
C. Exocytosis and passive transport
D. Osmosis and facilitated diffusion
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Help meeeeee answer the question
Some of the trends include: disease, predator/prey relationships, habitat destruction and degradation, food availability, hunting pressure, and weather conditions. Deer populations are not static; they continuously change in response to many factors.
What is a disease?
In humans, the term "illness" is used to refer to a condition that results in suffering, dysfunction, social issues, or death for the person, as well as person similar to these for those who come into touch with the person. In this broader sense, it can also include isolated symptoms, deviant behaviours, disorders, syndromes, infections, atypical variations in structure and function, and injuries. However, in other contexts and for other purposes, these may be considered distinct categories. People can be influenced by diseases not just physically but also mentally, as acquiring and coping with a sickness can change a person's outlook on life.To know more about diseases, click the link given below:
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6. Which is true of the DNA sequence of the MCR1 gene in Africa?
a. The sequence is NOT very diverse in Africa
b. The sequence has lots of variation in Africa
Answer:
Explanation:
b. The sequence has lots of variation in Africa
Answer:
b. The sequence has lots of variation in Africa
Explanation:
DNA sequence diversity is often higher in populations with large effective population sizes and a long history of genetic exchange, such as in Africa. This can result in a greater variety of genetic variations, including in the MCR1 gene.
ALLEN
What are extensions of the plasma membrane called?
Many cells have extensions of their plasma membrane called flagella and cilia.
Are pili simply the cell membrane's extensions?The oligomeric protein known as pilin makes up the extensions of the cytoplasmic membrane known as fimbriae and pili. They are flagella-like extensions found on the bacterial cell wall that resemble hairs. They play a role in bacterial movement, surface adhesion, and conjugation.
Is the plasma membrane extended by the mesosome?A mesosome is a specific membranous structure that is created when the plasma membrane is extended inside the cell. Vesicles, tubules, and lamellae are examples of these extensions. They support cell wall construction, DNA delivery to daughter cells, and cell division.
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organisms living in marine and freshwater environments generally have solute concentrations (or ion concentrations) that are quite different from the water around them. which of the following statements is true? organisms living in marine and freshwater environments generally have solute concentrations (or ion concentrations) that are quite different from the water around them. which of the following statements is true? fish living in salt water are naturally in balance with their surrounding environment, so no special adaptations are needed. fish that live in estuaries must possess special behavioral or physiological adaptations to survive daily changes in salinity. freshwater bony fish excrete very small amounts of concentrated urine. saltwater bony fish excrete copious amounts of dilute urine. fish living in fresh water are naturally in balance with their surrounding environment, so no special adaptations are needed.
To withstand daily fluctuations in salinity, fish that reside in estuaries must have particular behavioural or physiological adaptations. This claim is accurate.
Freshwater fish are more likely to swell and burst because the biogenic salt concentration in their bodies is higher than that of the surrounding water. Here, the fish must draw out as much salt as it can from the water and store it within itself, excreting as much water as it can in the pee in the process. In seawater, estuarine fish excrete salts and retain water, and when the water grows fresher, they excrete water and retain salts. These fish have evolved to employ both methods. These species can take advantage of both marine and freshwater (or semi-freshwater) settings thanks to their amazing physiological adaptation.
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the uterus serves as the site of implantation for the embryo, supports the developing embryo, and contracts during birth to expel the fetus. (True or False)
The uterus serves as the site of implantation for the embryo, supports the developing embryo, and contracts during birth to expel the fetus. The given statement is true.
ImplantationThroughout gestation, the uterus nurtures the growing embryo and fetus. During labor, the baby is helped to pass through the vagina by contractions of the uterus' smooth muscle. A piece of the uterine lining sheds throughout each menstrual month if fertilization does not take place.Generally 2-4 days after the morula enters the uterine canal, the blastocyst attaches to the uterine epithelium to begin the process of implantation. Typically, the upper and posterior wall of the midsagittal plane of the human uterus houses the implantation site.The uterus's functions include retaining the fertilized ovum until it is ready to develop into a fetus and give birth to the child.For more information on development of embryo kindly visit to
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which endocrine gland produces adrenaline and cortisol?
Adrenal medulla is a endocrine gland produces adrenaline and cortisol.
The adrenal cortex is the largest and most visible component of the adrenal gland. It is separated into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis. Each zone is in charge of manufacturing certain hormones.
The adrenal medulla is found in the core of an adrenal gland, inside the adrenal cortex. It secretes "stress hormones," such as adrenaline.
The adrenal cortex and medulla are surrounded by an adipose capsule, which forms a protective barrier surrounding the adrenal gland.
The adrenal glands in your body are responsible for releasing various hormones directly into your bloodstream. Many of these hormones have to do with how the body reacts to stress, and some are necessary for survival.
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Why is variation in populations necessary for evolution to occur? How is the variation generated?
Different traits can be introduced into an organism by genetic variations that change gene activity or protein function.
The likelihood of a genetic variation being passed down to the following generation increases if a trait is advantageous and aids the individual in surviving and procreating (a process known as natural selection).
Gene variants, also known as mutations, can cause genetic variations, or a normal process in which genetic material is rearranged as a cell prepares to divide can also cause genetic variations (known as genetic recombination). Different traits can be introduced into an organism through genetic variations that change gene activity or protein function.
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which eukaryotic structures are not present in prokaryotic cells?
Answer:
Endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, and the Golgi apparatus
Why do we only see Neanderthal input in non-African genomes? Neanderthals never interbred with Homo sapiens in Africa. Only Y chromosome DNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes. Neanderthals were adapted to a cold European climate. Only mtDNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes.
In Africa, Neanderthals and Homo sapiens did not interbreed. European Homo sapiens' genomes contain their genomic traces interbreeding between the two did not start until after Homo sapiens left Africa.
Who were the Neanderthals?The extinct Neanderthals, also known as Neandertals, were a group of ancient archaic humans that lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. Demographic problems such inbreeding and limited population sizes, competitive replacement, interbreeding and assimilation with Homo sapiens, illness, and/or a mix of these factors are some of the theories put out as to why the Neanderthals went extinct. The exact time that the Neanderthal lineage split off from the modern human lineage is unknown; research has produced dates that range from 315,000 to more than 800,000 years ago. The finding of Neanderthals is the result of a large number of fossils, particularly those dating from after 130,000 years ago. The Neanderthal 1 type specimen was found in the Neander Valley in what is now Germany in 1856.
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what do cells do during cell division in order to make sure the full set of dns is replicated
Cells use a process called DNA replication during cell division in order to ensure that the full set of DNA is copied correctly.
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes a copy of its DNA before cell division. During this process, the two strands of the double helix DNA molecule separate and each strand acts as a template for the formation of the new complementary strand. This process is facilitated by various enzymes and proteins, which then result in two identical copies of the original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
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Does oxygenated blood contain a high percentage of carbon dioxide?
No, oxygenated blood does not contain a high percentage of carbon dioxide.
What is oxygenated blood?Oxygenated blood is blood that has been enriched with oxygen in the lungs. It is bright red in color and carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. When we breathe in, oxygen from the air enters our lungs and diffuses across the walls of the air sacs into the surrounding capillaries. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, forming oxyhemoglobin. The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through the pulmonary veins and travels to the left side of the heart, which pumps it out to the body's tissues and organs.
In contrast, deoxygenated blood is blood that has already delivered its oxygen to the body's tissues and is returning to the heart and lungs to be re-oxygenated. Deoxygenated blood is darker in color and can appear bluish or purplish when seen through the skin. It is carried by the veins, which ultimately lead back to the right side of the heart, where it is pumped to the lungs for re-oxygenation.
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