The condition resulting in muscle spasms due to an abnormally low concentration of calcium in the blood is tetany.
What is tetany?Tetany is a condition marked by muscle spasms at irregular intervals. It is an involuntary muscle contraction.This is caused due to the defect in parathyroid glands resulting in deficiency of calcium in the blood.Muscle spasms are caused due to poor communication between neurons. As calcium is released as a neurotransmitter at the point of contact between two neurons (synapse), its deficiency prevents the transfer of signal from one neuron to the other resulting in muscle spasms.Tetany may lead to seizures, painful muscle cramps, numbness in feet and hands, heart problems, spasms of voice box.Learn about hyponatremia here:
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Reproductive cloning results in __________ while therapeutic cloning results in ____________.
Reproductive cloning results in implanting the stem cells into the uterus while therapeutic cloning results in growing the stem cells in lab dishes.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is used in reproductive cloning to produce an animal that is genetically identical to a donor animal. In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced in a similar manner, but the "cloned" cells that are produced do not enter a female's uterus. Instead, they are left in a dish in the laboratory.By using somatic cell nuclear transfer, reproductive cloning produces an animal that is genetically identical to a donor animal. The freshly produced embryo is returned to the uterine environment during reproductive cloning so it can implant and develop. Perhaps the most famous example is Dolly the sheep.Producing a cloned embryo solely for the goal of making embryonic stem cells with the same DNA as the donor cell is known as therapeutic cloning.learn more about cloning here:
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Which group of non-prokaryotic organisms studied in microbiology typically have two life cycle stages: trophozoite and cyst?
Non-prokaryotic organisms typically have two life cycle stages: trophozoite and cyst is Protozoa.
What is Protozoa?Protozoa is a group of single celled, non- prokaryotic organisms.These may either be free living or parasitic in nature.These are heterotrophs and reproduce asexually by binary fission.The Protozoa consists of many unrelated or loosely related organisms.They are divided into four major groups: Sarcodina, Flagellates, Ciliates and Sporozoans..Some protozoa consist of two phases in their life cycle: proliferative stage (trophozoites) and resting stage (cysts).Trophozoites consists of the proliferative stage in which the protozoa divides and reproduces.The resting cyst form helps the protozoa to survive harsh environmental conditions like harmful chemicals, extreme temperature and nutrient and water deficiency.Learn more about protrozoa here:
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A member of the ________ has been implicated as having a role in obesity.
a. adenoviruses.
b. parvoviruses.
c. herpesviruses.
d. poxviruses.
e. both herpesviruses and poxviruses.
According to the research, the correct option is a. A member of the adenoviruses (a) has been implicated as having a role in obesity.
What are adenoviruses?They are pathogens that are characterized by not having an external cover and that cause respiratory and intestinal tract diseases.
An adenovirus called Adenovirus 36 is identified as one of the causes of obesity, this pathogen produces an accumulation of adipose tissue due to its high adipogenic activity, which simply implies that it promotes fat deposition and growth of adipose or fatty tissue.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is a. A member of the adenoviruses (a) has been implicated as having a role in obesity.
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Which of the following are true about cells?
choose 2 answers:
1. cells of unicellular organisms come from other cells,but cells in multicellular organisms do not.
2. Cells come from other cells through the process of cell division.
3. Existing cells are required for new cells to form.
2. Cells come from other cells through the process of cell division.
3. Existing cells are required for new cells to form.
Cells come from other cells through the process of cell division and Existing cells are required for new cells to form are true about cell.
what is cell ?Cells are the basic unit of life, an organism to the cellular level, the smallest independent component that we would find would be the cell.
The fluidic part of Each cell contains cytoplasm, which is enclosed by a membrane, cytoplasm are several biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.
Cells are the lowest level of organization, From organism to organism, the count of cells may vary. Humans have more number of cells compared to that of bacteria.
Cells comprise several cell organelles that perform specialised functions to carry out life processes. Every organelle has a specific structure. The hereditary material of the organisms is also present in the cells.
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Citrate can react asymmetrically in the citric acid cycle because the enzyme aconitase?
The asymmetric binding of citrate by the enzyme aconitase allows for asymmetric reactions of citrate in the citric acid cycle(TCA).
How does citrate behave during the TCA cycle?
Citrate synthase uses oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA to create citrate in the Krebs cycle (CS). Citrate carrier allows for its export from the mitochondria (CIC). ACLY converts cytosolic citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. Fatty acid production can employ acetyl-CoA as a substrate.
What does the aconitase enzyme do?
Aconitase, also known as aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3), is an enzyme that catalyzes the non-redox-active process of stereo-specific conversion of citric acid(citrate) to isocitrate in the acid ( TCA ) cycle using cis-aconitate.
Therefore, option A is the correct choice.
Original question:
Citrate can react asymmetrically in the citric acid cycle because the enzyme aconitase
A) binds citrate asymmetrically.
B) binds either form of citrate.
C) binds both forms of isocitrate.
D) does not distinguish the -CH2COO- group.
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In a bacteria, a subunit of RNA polymerase called ____ recognizes-10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
In a bacteria, a subunit of RNA polymerase called α subunit recognizes-10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
What is RNA polymerase?RNA polymerase is defined as the type of enzyme found in Ribonucleic acid bacterias which helps in copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence.
The RNA polymerase are also known as the main enzyme for transcription in bacteria.
The subunits of RNA polymerase enzyme include the alpha subunit.
The alpha subunit is known to be able to recognise 10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
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A characteristic of robertsonian translocation is that the tiny short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes are lost, but their dna sequences are _____.
A characteristic of Robertsonian translocation is that tiny short arm of the acrocentric chromosomes are lost but their DNA sequences are repeated elsewhere in the genome, so the loss does not cause symptoms
Robertsonian translocation is one in which, effectively, the whole of a chromosome is joined end to end with another chromosome.
This translocation can only happen in chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, because the ends of their short arms have similar repetitive DNA sequences that predispose to their fusion.
This kind of translocation can result in trisomy which ultimately causes disease conditions (for example, chromosome 21 trisomy causes Down syndrome).
In some cases, like the long arms of chromosomes 13 and 14 fuses, no significant genetic material is lost and the person can be normal in spite of the translocation.
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Streams that disappear into sinkholes are a sure sign of karst land.
Select one:
True
False
Answer:
Explanation:
true
The diseases caused by aspergillus species are considered opportunistic. which of the groups listed here would be most likely to become infected with aspergillus?
AIDS patients would be most likely to be infected with aspergillus.
Aspergillus:The majority of persons who get this ailment do so by inhaling mold spores. Spores can also enter the body through a cut or open wound, but this happens less frequently. People with cystic fibrosis or asthma are more likely to develop allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Other than your lungs, Aspergillus can infiltrate other parts of your body, like your sinuses. The fungus in your sinuses might result in a stuffy nose and occasionally discharge that may contain blood. There may also be fever, face pain, and headache.
The fungus can develop on dead leaves, grain that has been kept, compost piles, or other rotting vegetation. Additionally, it is present on marijuana leaves. Despite the fact that aspergillus is something to which most people are frequently exposed, aspergillus infections in immune-suppressed individuals are quite uncommon.
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How is information from a signal molecule present outside the cell elicits intracellular response? Explain with suitable example. What features are exhibited by signal transduction?
The information from a signal molecule present outside the cell elicits intercellular response when the G protein coupled receptors interact with the wide variety of molecules on the outer surface of the cells.
G Proteins are the specialized proteins having the ability to bind GTP and GDP and is of three units called Alpha, Beta and Gamma subunits which together formed G proteins.
When G protein is activated it will bind GTP and each receptor binds in lock and key method and binding result into conformational change which will trigger a complex chain of events influencing different cell function.
Features exhibited by Signal Transduction System are:
1. Specificity- Signal molecules fits binding site on its complementary receptor. Other signal do not fit
2. Amplification- When enzymes activates enzymes, the number of affected molecules increases.
3. Desensitization- Receptor activation triggers a feedback circuit that shuts off the receptor or removes it from the cell surface.
4. Integration - When two signals have opposite effects on a metabolic characteristics outcome results from the integrated input from both the receptor.
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In master production scheduling, what does available-to-promise (atp) inventory represent?
The available to promise (ATP) inventory represents the difference between the orders that are already booked by the customers and the products that the company is going to produce.
What is the master production schedule?The process of planning by the manufacturers about the type of products to be produced and their quantity during a particular period. It helps in planning the process of production by providing the production team with a clear goal and understanding.
It also helps to plan the purchases needed to be made that are required by the production team for manufacturing. Thus it also determines the investment required for the mentioned purchases.
Hence the master production schedule is the very link by which the sales department and manufacturing department communicate with each other. The Master production schedule is, therefore, a kind of contract between the sales and manufacturing departments where the sales department has made promises which are to be kept by the production department.
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When blood is drawn from a blood vessel in your arm, it is dark red. This color indicates that the blood was?
When blood is drawn from a blood vessel in your arm, it is dark red. This color indicates that the blood was taken from the vein.
Why was my blood so dark when drawn?
Hemoglobin, a protein found in blood cells that enables the delivery of oxygen throughout the body, contains iron, which gives human blood its red color. However, the amount of oxygen in the blood affects the hue. Blood that contains a lot of oxygen will appear bright red. If blood is drawn from an artery that transports blood from the lungs to the rest of the body, this is typical.
Deoxygenated blood is contained in the veins, which carry blood back to the lungs from the body. Based on the light wavelengths they reflect, chemicals appear to our eyes in specific colors. As blue-green light is absorbed by hemoglobin attached to oxygen, red-orange light is reflected into our eyes, giving the appearance of redness. Because of this, when oxygen attaches to iron in the blood, the color turns brilliant cherry red. Blood is a deeper shade of red when it is not coupled to oxygen.
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Differences between sexual vs asexual reproduction
Asexual:
One parent
Identical offspring
Less developed organism
Faster time period to produce
Sexual
Two parents
Unique offspring (genetic variation)
More complex organism
Slower time period to produce
Question 7: what conclusions can you make about how a change in the condition of the ocean affects the different species in coral reefs?
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A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as?
A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as classical conditioning.
In classical conditioning, a stimulus gains the ability to elicit a response that was first elicited by another stimulus. Almost by accident, Pavlov made this type of learning discovery while studying the canine digestive system.
He had surgically inserted a tube into a dog's salivary gland, which was used to collect the saliva the dog made after being given food powder to chew on. Before they were given food, several of Pavlov's dogs started to salivate.
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The contribution of b-cells is mainly in:_______
a) humoral immunity.
b) phagocytosis.
c) inflammation.
d) complement activity.
e) cell-mediated immunity
The contribution of b-cells is mainly in Humoral immunity. Thus Option A is correct.
What is immune system?
Two types of immunity such as innate immunity is an inbuilt nonspecific immune system protect us from all antigens.
Secondly, we have one more sophisticated adoptive immune system which is up two types humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity.
The adoptive response majorly done by two types of cells such as B and T cells.
This type of immune response use past experience identify a specific foreign threats and counteract them when these threats reappear.
The humoral immune system is activated by external macromolecules antibodies, antimicrobial peptides etc. and protect the extracellular spaces of body.
Hence, Option A is correct.
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A common adage is that it only takes one sperm to fertilize an egg. As an anatomy student. What would be your response?.
While only one sperm head enters the egg, thousands are needed to break through the egg's defenses.
Yes it takes only one sperm to fertilize the egg but it does take many sperms to break through the defenses of the egg to reach the egg.
Where do we observe fertilization occurring?It occurs in the ampullary part(Upper 3rd) of the Uterine Tube.
What is fertilization?Fertilization is a multi-step, intricate process that takes 24 hours to complete. The beginning of pregnancy and the start of a female's 280-day journey begin when male sperm and female ovum combine to form a zygote. There are two ways to monitor this procedure, and they vary depending on the day the counting starts.What constitutes fertilization's four steps?
There are four distinct mechanisms that make up the stages of fertilization:
Sperm preparation comes first, followed by sperm-egg recognition and binding.sperm-egg fusion.fusion of the pronuclei of the sperm and the egg. activation of the zygote.To learn more about fertilization visit:
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If mark has 88 apples 31 bananas 41 oranges what percent of marks fruit is yellow
Answer:
19.375%
Explanation:
88+31+41=160
31/160=0.19375
0.19375=19.375%
Answer:
19.375%
Explanation:
Adding up all of the fruits: 88 + 31 + 41 = 160
Dividing the bananas (yellow fruits) by all fruits: 31/160 = 0.19375 = 19.375%
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Which microorganism is known for surviving in the phagolysosome to avoid host cell detection?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known for surviving in the phagolysosome to avoid host cell detection. Thus, option B is correct.
What is phagolysosome?A phagolysosome is a type of cytoplasmic body which is an union of phagosome and a lysosome. The interior is highly acidic and contain hydrolytic enzymes.
These enzymes digest and destroy the harmful microorganisms.
The mechanism of formation of Phagolysosome by phagocytosis is an immunological functions.
Although phagolysosome and phagosomes are membrane bound vesicles, primary difference is that phagolysosome is formed by the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome where as phagosome is formed around the particles engulfed by a phagocytic cell.
Hence, option B is correct.
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Your question was incomplete. Hence the probable question was
Which microorganism is known for surviving in the phagolysosome to avoid host cell detection?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Mycoplasma sp.
D. micrococcus luteus
List the pathway of an erythrocyte (red blood cell) from the right atrium to the aortic semilunar valve.
The brief pathway of blood through heart is as follows: Right atrium> SA node> Atrioventricular valves> Right ventricle> Semilunar valves.
What is the sequence of blood flow through heart?Coronary artery and the vena cava (superior and inferior) supply blood to the right atrium of the heart.From the right atrium, the blood passes through the tricuspid valve and moves to the right ventricle.From the right ventricle, it goes to the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary semilunar valves.From here, it moved to the lungs through pulmonary arteries (right and left).In lungs, the blood is oxygenated and then returned to the left atrium of the heart through pulmonary veins.Bicuspid valve is present between the left atrium and left ventricle.From left ventricle the blood moves to the aorta passing through the semilunar valves.Aorta is the largest artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of body.Learn more about human heart here:
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What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? In your answer use the terms nucleus, nucleoid, organelles, size, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, evolution.
Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in terms of cell complexity.
Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotesProkaryotes refer to living organisms whose bodies are made from prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, are organisms made from eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in the following ways:
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus while eukaryote organisms have one or more nuclei. The genetic materials of prokaryotes are arranged as nucleoids and lie freely within the cytoplasm.In terms of size, prokaryotic cells range from 0.1 to 5 micrometers. Eukaryotic cells range from 10 to 100 micrometers.Prokaryotic cells usually have cell walls. Some eukaryotic cells have cell walls, while some do not.The ribosome size of prokaryotes is around 20 nm while that of eukaryotes varies from 25 nm to 30 nm.In terms of evolutionary advancement, eukaryotes are more advanced than prokaryotes.More on prokaryotes and eukaryotes can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/4644590
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What should you do if you need to leave the laboratory temporarily in the middle of your work?
While leaving the laboratory temporarily in the middle of your work remove your lab coat and gloves.
Laboratory safety:Washing your hands is the final thing you should do before leaving the lab after an experiment. Since most chemicals are somewhat harmful, wash your hands before you leave. After taking the necessary measures, inform the teacher.
With its risky processes, hazardous chemicals, and fire threats, the science laboratory is inherently unsafe. Avoid coming into contact with chemicals directly. Never taste, smell, or inhale lab chemicals. After taking off your gloves and before leaving the work area, wash your hands and arms thoroughly with soap and water. In a laboratory, never consume food or liquids, chew gum or tobacco, light up, or use cosmetics. These fundamental safety offer guidance on conduct, cleanliness, and safety to prevent laboratory mishaps.
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What are the internal membrane-bound compartments found in eukaryotic cells called?
The internal membrane-bound compartments found in eukaryotic cells called "organelles".
What is eukaryotic cells?Any cell or creature with a distinct nucleus is said to be a eukaryote. The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, which houses a very well chromosomes (bodies holding the genetic material), is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Some key features of eukaryotic cells are-
Organelles such as mitochondria (cellular energy exchangers), the Golgi apparatus (a secretory device), the endoplasmic reticulum (a canal-like structure of membranes within the cell), and lysosomes are also present in eukaryotic cells (digestive apparatus within many cell types). A lack of mitochondria as well as a nucleus within red blood cells, as well as the absence or mitochondria inside the oxymonad species Monocercomonoides, are a few exceptions to this rule.It is estimated that eukaryotes emerged between 1.7 billion to 1.9 years ago. About 1.8 billion years ago, the earliest microfossils that resembled eukaryotic creatures were discovered. similar to prokaryoteTo know more about characteristics of eukaryotic organisms, here
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Organisms become _______ in their responding as reinforcement becomes less frequent or predictable
Organisms become more variable in their responding as reinforcement becomes less frequent or predictable.
What are the factor influence the animal behavior ?Behavior is an output of the action of an organism towards its changing external environment.
The major environmental factors affect animal behavior are behaviors are Territory Size, Diet, Family & Herd Size.
Beside this, Reinforcement and punishment can also affect the animal behavior.
Reinforcement is the event which strengthens the likelihood of a behavior where as punishment is the event that weakens the likelihood of a behavior.
Hence, organism are more variable response to reinforcement.
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A researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of
A researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of question order.
What is a science question?A science question is any type of research inquiry that is used to provide a plausible explanation (hypothesis) which is tested by using the scientific method.
The scientific method is a series of steps by which experimental and/or observational evidence is collected to answer a given question.
In conclusion, a researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of question order.
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Quartz is an important mineral in mafic rocks like basalt and gabbro.
a. true
b. false
Quartz is an important mineral in mafic rocks like basalt and gabbro. The given statement is false.
What is mafic rocks?Mafic minerals and rocks are silicate minerals or igneous rocks that are high in magnesium and iron.
The majority of mafic minerals are darker in color, and some of the most common rock-forming mafic minerals are olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Basalt, diabase, and gabbro are examples of common mafic rocks.
In geology, mafic rock is an igneous rock monopolized by the silicates pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, and mica.
These minerals are rich in magnesium and ferric oxides and contribute to the dark color of mafic rock.
Thus, the given statement is false.
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What can be determined by exhaustive methylation of an oligosaccharide with ch3i followed by acid hydrolysis?
Methylation analysis and then hydrolysis are utilized to confirm the new oligosaccharide's glycosidic linkage information.
What is an oligosaccharide?
When two or more monosaccharides bind together via O-glycosidic bonds, oligosaccharides are formed.When compared to other, more prevalent carbohydrates, including those in the disaccharide group, oligosaccharides, or carbohydrates with between 3 and 10 single sugar residues, are not as prevalent in the diet.Examples of oligosaccharides: sucrose, lactose and maltose
What is Exhaustive methylation?Exhaustive methylation is the process of adding methyl groups to an alkyl ring until all methylations are complete. Extensive methylation transforms an amine into an alkylammonium salt prior to E2 elimination in the Hofmann elimination reaction sequence.To learn more about exhaustive methylation visit:
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The _____ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, breathing rate, and heart rate.
The thyroid gland secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, breathing rate, and heart rate.
The thyroid gland makes two hormones that it secretes into the bloodstream. One is called thyroxine ,this hormone contains four atoms of iodine and is often called T4. The other is called triiodothyronine, which contains three atoms of iodine and is often called T3. Activation of thyroxine (T4), to the active form, triiodothyronine (T3), by 5′-deiodinase type 2 (D2) is a key mechanism of TH regulation of metabolism. D2 is expressed in the hypothalamus, white fat, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle and is required for adaptive thermogenesis.
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Hormone released by the duodenum in response to acids and lipids in the duodenum.
Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5 (very acidic).
What is Secretin?Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5. Upon reaching the duodenum, the chyme will be covered with pancreatic juice from the pancreas and with a pH close to 9 thanks to the presence of sodium bicarbonate.
What are the effects of secretin hormones?inhibiting gastric activity and activating the secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate by the pancreas, and of bicarbonate and bile salts by the liver.
With this information, we can conclude that Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions
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_____ waves have a long wavelength and do not possess sufficient energy to kill bacterial cells, while _____ waves have a short wavelength and can be used to sterilize a surface
Infrared waves have a long wavelength and do not possess sufficient energy to kill bacterial cells, while UV waves have a short wavelength and can be used to sterilize a surface.
When ultraviolet light, also known as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, is released at its most effective wavelength of 253.7 nanometers (nm), it has the greatest ability to kill germs and render microbes inert (UVGI). When transmitted at wavelengths different than those recommended, germicidal efficacy declines. To efficiently deliver the appropriate amount of UV radiation for the desired application, high-quality UV sterilization lamps are crucial.By altering cell DNA, UV radiation sterilization efficiently renders bacteria inert. Because DNA is necessary for cell reproduction, damage to the DNA's structural integrity prevents cells from multiplying and causing disease. The cell absorbs the UV rays, resulting in the formation of pyrimidine dimers. Instead of bonding across the double helix, this causes two nearby thymine or cytosine bases to interact with one another.learn more about UV here: https://brainly.com/question/1377878
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