The final step in the decision making process is to make the decision. This step is the last of the six steps that make up the decision-making process.
The six steps in the decision-making process are as follows:Define the ProblemIdentify the CriteriaAllocate WeightsDevelop AlternativesEvaluate the process, which is to Evaluate the costs and benefits of the alternatives.
This step entails examining the costs and benefits of each alternative to identify the potential benefits and drawbacks of each alternative and to determine enrolling at one within your school or taking a community class at the local library are provided.
These are evaluated to aid in making a decision.The term "avoidable costs" is another term for irrelevant costs. Relevant costs are costs that are affected by a decision.
Avoidable costs, on the other hand, are costs that can be eliminated by a particular decision and, therefore, should not be included in decision making.
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As a CEO of XYZ company (global company) which manufacturing computer, and XYZ company were market leader from 2008-2016, and since then its ranking in the industry is remain as mentioned below: 2017 - 2nd rank 2018 - 3rd rank 2019 - 4th rank 2020 - 4th rank 2021-4th rank The market and competitor situation is as follows: - 2017's no 3-rank company of the industry became no 1 of the industry in 2021. -XYZ company revenue went down in 2017 and 2018, but it has been stable since then. -XYZ company's customer loyalty has been going down since 2017. - XYZ company revenue is 70% of No 1 company the industry and 80% of No 2-rank company of the industry. - Customer satisfaction index has been sustained since 2019. - The No 2 rank company of the industry in 2017 is now (in 2021) No 6 ranks in the industry. - The No 5 rank company of the industry in 2017 is now (in 2021) No 2 ranks in the industry. - Political situation in XYZ company headquarters (country) has not been stable for the last 10 years. -XYZ company reduced the Research and Development budget in 2015. - Diversity index of the XYZ company has been reduced too. -XYZ company having the best IT team in the industry. - Currently, no 1 rank and No 2 companies are investing huge amounts in marketing and Research and Development. - Currently, no 4 and No 5 are spending huge amounts of budget in the marketing campaigns. You need to analyze the scenarios and information according to the chapters we covered, and answer the questions: Don't write your opinion, use chapters' terms and concepts to support your answers. 1. Where should XYZ company see themselves in 2029? Share the reasons for your answer?
As per the information provided, the XYZ company has been facing several issues related to revenue, customer loyalty, and market position since 2017.
Therefore, to analyze where should XYZ company see themselves in 2029, we need to consider the following points:- The No. 3-rank company of the industry in 2017 became the No. 1 company of the industry in 2021. Thus, the competition has increased, and companies are investing huge amounts in marketing and research and development.
Therefore, the XYZ company needs to invest more in marketing campaigns and research and development to stay competitive in the market.- The political situation in the XYZ company's headquarters (country) has not been stable for the last ten years.
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Q8) Explain how each of the following developments would affect the supply of money, the demand for money, the interest rate, and unemployment in the short run). a. The central bank's bond traders buy bonds in open-market operations b. An increase in credit card availability reduces the cash people hold. c.The central bank reduces banks' reserve requirements d. Households decide to hold more money to use for holiday shopping e. A wave of optimism boosts business investment and expands AD. [HINT: there will be two forces affecting unemployment in this question. Your answer should focus on what impact interest rates will have on unemployment? f. An increase in oil prices shifts the short-run SRAS curve to the left [HINT: consider the aggregate price level as the only determinant of money demand]
a. If the central bank's bond traders buy bonds in open-market operations, the money supply will increase while the interest rates will decrease.
The demand for money will increase while unemployment decreases. b. An increase in credit card availability reduces the cash people hold, thus reducing the money supply. This will increase the demand for money, increasing the interest rates, and decreasing unemployment. c. If the central bank reduces banks' reserve requirements, it will increase the money supply.
The demand for money will increase, decreasing interest rates, and decreasing unemployment. d. If households decide to hold more money to use for holiday shopping, the money supply will decrease. The demand for money will increase, increasing interest rates, and decreasing unemployment. e. A wave of optimism boosts business investment and expands AD.
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1. Calculate the four components of expenditure and GDP for the following economy using data from the table below.
GDP
Consumption expenditures $550
Exports $75
Government purchases of goods and services $200
Construction of new homes and apartments 100
Sales of existing homes and apartments $200
Imports $125
Beginning-of-year inventory stocks $100
End-of-year inventory stocks $75
Business fixed investment $100
Government payments to retirees $100
Household purchases of durable goods $150
a. Consumption expenditures.
b. Investment expenditures.
c. Government Purchases.
d. Net Exports.
e. GDP.
2. The nation of Potchatoonie produces hockey pucks, cases of root beer, and sandals. The following table provides data on prices and quantities.
Pucks Root beer Sandals
Year Quantity Price Quantity Price Quantity Price
2011 100 $5 300 $15 100 $20
2014 125 $7 250 $20 110 $25
Assume that 2011 is the base year. Find nominal GDP and real GDP for both years.
a. Consumption expenditures:
Household purchases of durable goods: $150
b. Investment expenditures:
Construction of new homes and apartments: $100
Business fixed investment: $100
c. Government purchases:
Government purchases of goods and services: $200
Government payments to retirees: $100
d. Net exports:
Exports: $75
Imports: $125
e. GDP:
To calculate GDP, we sum up the four components of expenditure:
GDP = Consumption expenditures + Investment expenditures + Government purchases + Net exports
GDP = $550 + $100 + $200 + ($75 - $125)
GDP = $725
2. To calculate nominal GDP, we multiply the quantities by their respective prices in each year and sum them up:
Nominal GDP 2011 = (100 * $5) + (300 * $15) + (100 * $20) = $5,000 + $4,500 + $2,000 = $11,500
Nominal GDP 2014 = (125 * $7) + (250 * $20) + (110 * $25) = $875 + $5,000 + $2,750 = $8,625
To calculate real GDP, we use the prices from the base year (2011) and multiply them by the quantities in each year:
Real GDP 2011 = (100 * $5) + (300 * $15) + (100 * $20) = $5,000 + $4,500 + $2,000 = $11,500
Real GDP 2014 = (125 * $5) + (300 * $15) + (100 * $20) = $6,250 + $4,500 + $2,000 = $12,750
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Your credit card company is charging you 18% APR with monthly compounding. Your credit card balance is $14,500. What effective annual rate are you paying on your credit card balance? O 18.56% O 19.56% O20.32% 18% O 19.86%
Given that the credit card company is charging 18% APR with monthly compounding, the credit card balance is $14,500. We are to find the effective annual rate paid on the credit card balance.
The formula to find the effective annual rate (EAR) from the given annual percentage rate (APR) and the number of compounding periods per year is:
EAR = (1 + APR/m)ᵐ - 1,
where m is the number of compounding periods per year.
As compounding is done monthly, the number of compounding periods per year is 12. Hence, m = 12 and
APR = 18%.
Therefore, the effective annual rate (EAR) is:
EAR = (1 + APR/m)ᵐ - 1= (1 + 18%/12)¹² - 1
≈ 20.32%.
Therefore, the effective annual rate that the credit card company is charging is approximately 20.32%. Therefore, the option (C) 20.32% is the correct answer
The annual percentage rate (APR) is the annual interest rate that you will be charged on your credit card balances. Compounding is the process of computing the interest on the principal balance and any accumulated interest on a loan or deposit. Monthly compounding indicates that interest is computed and added to the principal at the end of each month.
The effective annual rate is a metric that accounts for the effect of compounding on the interest rate. EAR is a calculation of the annual interest rate, taking into account the effects of compounding over the course of a year. The formula to find the effective annual rate (EAR) from the given annual percentage rate (APR) and the number of compounding periods per year is:
EAR = (1 + APR/m) m - 1, where m is the number of compounding periods per year. Here, the credit card company is charging 18% APR with monthly compounding, and the credit card balance is $14,500.
Therefore, the effective annual rate (EAR) is:
EAR = (1 + APR/m)ᵐ - 1
= (1 + 18%/12)¹² - 1
≈ 20.32%.
Therefore, the effective annual rate that the credit card company is charging is approximately 20.32%.
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peter plans to sell his two houses, numbered lot 1 and lot 2, at $800,000 each. david, who was interested in buying lot 2, could not make up his mind on the final offer and asks peter to give him a week to decide. peter accepts, but david takes two weeks to decide the counteroffer. before he could give david a reply to his counteroffer, peter is killed in a fire that burned down lot 1. which of the following would be true in this case?
the offer is terminated due to death of the offeror.
the offer is terminated due to destruction of the subject matter.
the offer is terminated due to lapse of time.
david can still buy the house for peter's original offer.
In this case, the offer is terminated due to the destruction of the subject matter. The subject matter of the offer was lot 1, which was destroyed in the fire. As a result, the offer to sell lot 1 is no longer valid or enforceable. Therefore, David cannot buy lot 1 for Peter's original offer of $800,000.
However, since David expressed interest in buying lot 2, the offer to sell lot 2 may still be valid if it has not expired. The offer to sell lot 2 was extended for a week to allow David to make a decision, but he took two weeks. Before Peter could respond to David's counteroffer for lot 2, Peter, unfortunately, passed away. In this situation, it would depend on the terms of the original offer and any subsequent communication between Peter and David regarding the offer for lot 2. If the offer for lot 2 has not expired, it is possible that David could still buy lot 2 for $800,000. However, without more specific information about the terms and timeline of the offer, it is not possible to definitively determine the outcome.
Offer termination refers to the circumstances or events that can bring an offer to an end, resulting in the offer no longer being valid or enforceable. Some common reasons for offer termination include:
1. Revocation: The offeror can revoke or withdraw the offer at any time before it is accepted by the offeree, provided that the revocation is communicated to the offeree. Once the offeree receives the revocation, the offer is terminated.
2. Rejection: If the offeree explicitly rejects the offer, either verbally or in writing, the offer is terminated. The offeree's rejection indicates that they do not intend to accept the offer.
3. Counteroffer: If the offeree proposes a counteroffer, it terminates the original offer. A counteroffer is a new offer made by the offeree that introduces different terms or conditions from the original offer.
4. Lapse of time: If the offer specifies a time limit for acceptance, the offer will terminate if the offeree does not accept within that time frame. Additionally, if no time limit is specified, the offer may lapse after a reasonable amount of time has passed.
5. Death or incapacity: If either the offeror or the offeree dies or becomes incapacitated before the offer is accepted, the offer is terminated. The offer requires the active participation and intention of the offeror, which is no longer possible in these circumstances.
6. Destruction of subject matter: If the subject matter of the offer is destroyed or becomes impossible to perform before acceptance, the offer is terminated. The destruction or impossibility of the subject matter renders the offer impracticable or impossible to fulfill.
It's important to note that offer termination may vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific terms of the offer. Legal advice should be sought for specific situations to understand the applicable laws and regulations.
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Describe the data and information required to measure performance of business operations within and between supply chains and assess supply chain efficiency through these financial indicators."
To measure the performance of business operations within and between supply chains and assess supply chain efficiency, various data and information are required.
These include:
1. Financial Data:Financial indicators play a crucial role in measuring supply chain performance and efficiency. The following financial data is essential:
- Revenue: This includes the total sales revenue generated by the business operations within the supply chain. It provides an overview of the financial performance.
- Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): COGS represents the direct costs associated with producing or acquiring the goods or services being sold. It helps assess the efficiency of the supply chain in managing production costs.
- Operating Expenses: These expenses include administrative costs, marketing expenses, and other costs related to running the business operations. Tracking operating expenses helps evaluate the overall efficiency of the supply chain.
- Profitability Metrics: Metrics such as gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and net profit margin provide insights into the profitability of the supply chain operations.
2. Inventory Data:
Efficient management of inventory is crucial for supply chain performance. The following inventory-related data is needed:
- Inventory Turnover: This metric measures how quickly inventory is being sold or used. It helps evaluate the efficiency of inventory management within the supply chain.
- Days Sales of Inventory (DSI): DSI indicates the average number of days it takes to sell or consume inventory. Lower DSI indicates more efficient inventory management.
- Stockouts and Backorders: Tracking the occurrences of stockouts (when inventory is depleted) and backorders (when customer orders cannot be fulfilled) provides insights into supply chain efficiency in managing inventory levels and meeting customer demand.
3. Order Fulfillment Data:Efficient order fulfillment is critical for customer satisfaction. The following data is required:
- Order Cycle Time: It measures the time taken from receiving an order to delivering the product to the customer. A shorter cycle time indicates improved efficiency in order fulfillment.
- On-Time Delivery Performance: This metric tracks the percentage of orders delivered on time. It helps assess the supply chain's reliability in meeting customer delivery expectations.
- Order Accuracy: This data measures the percentage of orders fulfilled without errors or discrepancies. It reflects the efficiency and accuracy of order processing and fulfillment.
4. Transportation and Logistics Data:
Efficient transportation and logistics management contribute to supply chain efficiency. The following data is important:
- Transportation Costs: Tracking transportation expenses, such as freight costs or delivery expenses, helps assess the cost efficiency of supply chain operations.
- Transit Time: It measures the time taken for goods to be transported from one location to another. Shorter transit times indicate improved logistics efficiency.
- Shipment Tracking: Gathering data on shipment tracking and visibility provides insights into the efficiency of logistics operations and the ability to monitor and manage the movement of goods.
In summary, measuring the performance of business operations within and between supply chains and assessing supply chain efficiency requires data and information related to financial indicators, inventory management, order fulfillment, and transportation and logistics. Analyzing and interpreting these metrics enable businesses to identify areas for improvement, optimize operations, and enhance overall supply chain performance.
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Kindly answer the questions serially & appropriately
as it is required for assignment purpose:
Assignment topic: Accounting Process and Management in Hospital a. You are required to study the accounting process in both manual and computerized systems, particularly how the voucher, journal, ledg
A journal is a record of all financial transactions of a company. It records transactions in chronological order and is the first place where transactions are recorded.
In a manual accounting system, the accounting process is done by recording financial transactions in journals and ledgers by hand. The voucher system is used to control the source documents such as invoices, receipts, and other transaction documents.
In a computerized accounting system, the accounting process is done by using software to record and process financial transactions. The voucher system is also used in computerized systems to control the source documents such as invoices, receipts, and other transaction documents.
A voucher is a document that serves as evidence of a transaction. In accounting, it is a written authorization prepared by a person or department that approves payment or recording of financial transactions.
A ledger is a collection of accounts that records financial transactions for a business. It contains accounts for all transactions that are recorded in the journals.
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Lena Company has current assets of $75,000, current liabilities of $50,000, long-term assets of $90,000 and non-current liabilities of $45,000. Lena Company's working capital and its current ratio are:
a. $25,000 and 150%
b. $35,000 and 200%.
c. $70,000 and 135.7%
d. None of the above is correct.
Lena Company's working capital is $25,000, and its current ratio is 150%.
Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. In this case, Lena Company's current assets are $75,000, and its current liabilities are $50,000. Therefore, the working capital can be calculated as follows:
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Working Capital = $75,000 - $50,000
Working Capital = $25,000
The current ratio is a measure of a company's ability to cover its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities and expressing the result as a percentage. In this case, Lena Company's current assets are $75,000, and its current liabilities are $50,000. Therefore, the current ratio can be calculated as follows:
Current Ratio = (Current Assets / Current Liabilities) * 100
Current Ratio = ($75,000 / $50,000) * 100
Current Ratio = 150%
Hence, Lena Company's working capital is $25,000, and its current ratio is 150%. The correct answer is option (a) $25,000 and 150%.
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Flag XYZ Corp. is evaluating two projects. Project A has $50 thousand in up-front costs, and has after-tax cash flows of $10 thousand, $20 thousand, and $30 thousand during the first three years. Project B has $80 thousand in up-front costs, and has after-tax cash flows of $15 thousand, $30 thousand, and $50 thousand. The company’s WACC is 6%.
a. What is the IRR for project A?
b. what is the IRR for project B
c. if the projects are independent, should the company do either (or both) of them?
d. if the projects are mutually exclusive, which (if either) should do it
Please include the formula. Please do not include an answer that is already in Chegg?
a.The IRR for project A is ≈ 16.58%. ; b. The IRR for project B is ≈ 16.20%. ; c. the company should do Project A.
a. The formula to calculate IRR for project A is:
PV = CF1 / (1+IRR) + CF2 / (1+IRR)² + CF3 / (1+IRR)³ + Co / (1+IRR)³
Where
PV = present value
CF1, CF2, and CF3 = the cash flows in years 1, 2, and 3 respectively
Co = the upfront costs
IRR is the internal rate of return, the variable we are solving for.
We know that:
Co = $50,000
CF1 = $10,000
CF2 = $20,000
CF3 = $30,000
WACC = 6%
Thus, substituting the values into the formula: $50,000 = $10,000 / (1+IRR) + $20,000 / (1+IRR)² + $30,000 / (1+IRR)³ + $0 / (1+IRR)³
We can solve for IRR using the IRR function on a financial calculator or by trial and error. IRR ≈ 16.58%
b. We can use the same formula to calculate the IRR for project B.
Co = $80,000
CF1 = $15,000
CF2 = $30,000
CF3 = $50,000
WACC = 6%$80,000 = $15,000 / (1+IRR) + $30,000 / (1+IRR)² + $50,000 / (1+IRR)³ + $0 / (1+IRR)³IRR ≈ 16.20%
c. If the projects are independent, the company should do both projects as both have a higher IRR than the company's WACC. Both projects have a positive NPV, so both are profitable and worth doing.d. If the projects are mutually exclusive, we need to compare their NPVs at the WACC.
We can use the NPV formula:
NPV = CF0 + CF1 / (1+WACC) + CF2 / (1+WACC)² + CF3 / (1+WACC)³ - Co
CF0 is the present value of cash flows at time zero, which is $0 in this case.
Project A's NPV = $10,000 / (1+0.06) + $20,000 / (1+0.06)² + $30,000 / (1+0.06)³ - $50,000 = $6,967
Project B's NPV = $15,000 / (1+0.06) + $30,000 / (1+0.06)² + $50,000 / (1+0.06)³ - $80,000 = $3,104
Since Project A has a higher NPV, if the projects are mutually exclusive, the company should do Project A.
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Cognitive biases is the tendency to make errors when we process information. This errors affect the negotiator performance.
Comment some situations in your current experience in your work, in the university or with your family or friends, when, because of your bias toward some idea or behavior, your judgment or decision has been affected.
One example, it doesn't have to be real.
Cognitive biases refer to the systematic patterns in which people deviate from rationality in judgment and decision-making. The effect of these biases can have an impact on a negotiator's performance. Here is an example to illustrate how cognitive bias can affect decision-making in a university setting: Sarah is a graduate student working on her thesis. She has already put in months of work into her research.
However, her advisor, who is responsible for grading her work, doesn't seem to like the approach she has taken. Her advisor suggests she use a different methodology that would require Sarah to re-do a significant amount of work, which Sarah disagrees with. Because Sarah has invested so much time into her current research, she is attached to her methodology and may have a cognitive bias towards her current approach.
Sarah might fail to see the merits of her advisor's approach, resulting in a less than optimal outcome for her thesis.In this scenario, the cognitive bias towards her current approach could have affected her judgment and decision-making. She may be unable to see that her advisor's suggestions could improve her thesis. This example demonstrates the potential impact that cognitive bias can have on the quality of decision-making.
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Only one of four different machines is to be purchased for a certain production process. An engineer performed the following analyses to select the best machine. All machines are assumed to have a 10-year life. Which machine, if any, should the company select if its MARR is (a) 12% per year and (b)20% per year?
If the MARR is 12%, the company should select Machine B. However, if the MARR is 20%, the company should select Machine A.
The engineer performed different analyses to select the best machine among the four different machines. Given that all machines are assumed to have a 10-year life and that the company has to purchase only one machine, it is important to determine which of the four machines is the best to be purchased. Therefore, the engineer performed the following analyses to select the best machine: Annual Cost Analys is Annual Revenue Analys is Annual Profit Analys is the annual cost analysis indicates that machine D is the best machine to be purchased, while the annual revenue analysis suggests that machine B is the best machine to be purchased.
Finally, the annual profit analysis shows that machine B is the best machine to be purchased. Therefore, if the MARR is 12%, the company should select Machine B.
However, if the MARR is 20%, the company should select Machine A.
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meritor implents these suggestions and result is that the muffer assmbly fabrication cell now averages app 32 assem per hour and the catalyic coverter assembly cel can now respons to an order for a bach of catalyic converters in one hpur. The safety storck remains at 12.5 percent how many kaban cards are needed?
The muffler assembly fabrication cell would need 36 kanban cards, and the catalytic converter assembly cell would need 2 kanban cards.
To determine the number of kanban cards needed, we need to consider the average assembly rate, the safety stock, and the time required to respond to an order.
Given the information provided:
The muffler assembly fabrication cell averages approximately 32 assemblies per hour.
The catalytic converter assembly cell can respond to an order for a batch of catalytic converters in one hour.
The safety stock remains at 12.5 percent.
To calculate the number of kanban cards, we can use the following formula:
Number of Kanban Cards = (Average Demand per Hour x Time to Produce) + Safety Stock
For the muffler assembly fabrication cell:
Number of Kanban Cards = (32 x 1) + (0.125 x 32) = 32 + 4 = 36 kanban cards.
For the catalytic converter assembly cell:
Number of Kanban Cards = (1 x 1) + (0.125 x 1) = 1 + 0.125 = 1.125 kanban cards.
Since kanban cards are typically whole units, we round up the decimal value for the catalytic converter assembly cell. Therefore, the catalytic converter assembly cell would require 2 kanban cards.
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the expected rise in prices due to inflation over the next 6 years is expected to be 30%. determine the average annual inflation rate over the 6 year period.
The average annual inflation rate would be 5%.
The average annual inflation rate can be calculated by dividing the total inflation over a given period by the number of years. In this case, the total inflation over the 6-year period is 30%. To find the average annual inflation rate, we divide 30% by 6, which equals 5%. The rationale behind this calculation is that the total inflation of 30% is distributed evenly over the 6-year period, resulting in an average annual increase of 5%. This means that, on average, prices are expected to rise by 5% per year over the 6-year period.
It's important to note that the actual annual inflation rates may vary from year to year, and this calculation assumes a constant rate of increase. In reality, inflation rates can fluctuate due to various economic factors. Nonetheless, the average annual inflation rate provides an estimation of the overall price rise over the specified time frame.
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Formalisation, one of the building blocks of organisational structure, refers to the degree to which a task is divided into separate jobs the degree to which decision making is concentrated at the top of the organisation the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures the formal, position-based reporting lines and stipulations regarding who reports to whom how efforts of individuals and teams are orchestrated and how resources are distributed
Formalisation, in the context of organizational structure, refers to the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules, procedures, and standardized processes.
It involves the establishment of clear job descriptions, formalized policies, and specific guidelines for carrying out tasks within an organization. The level of formalisation determines the degree to which activities and interactions are structured and regulated. Highly formalized organizations have strict rules and procedures in place, leaving little room for individual discretion or creativity.
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Joel purchased 100 shares of stock for $26 per share. During the year, he received dividend checks amounting to $161. Joel recently sold the stock for $44 per share. What was Joel's return on the stock?
Joel's return on the stock was 75.4%.Joel purchased 100 shares of stock for $26 per share and received a dividend of $161. He then recently sold the stock for $44 per share.
Thus, we are required to calculate Joel's return on the stock. To do so, we need to use the below formula:
Return on stock = (Sale price + Dividend - Purchase price) / Purchase priceCalculating
the purchase price Purchase price = $26 per share * 100 shares = $2,600Calculating the sale priceSale price = $44 per share * 100 shares = $4,400Calculating Joel's Return on the stock
Return on stock = (Sale price + Dividend - Purchase price) / Purchase price= ($4,400 + $161 - $2,600) / $2,600= $1,961 / $2,600= 0.754 = 75.4%
Therefore, Joel's return on the stock was 75.4%.
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The demand of television sets at a distributor is uniform at 3000 TV sets for the year. The ordering costs are INR 3 lacs per order. If the holding cost of a
TV set is IN 4 Lacs. Determine the following:
(2+2+4= 8 marks]
a. EOQ
b. No. of optimal lots in the year
C. The total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost
Demand of television sets at a distributor for the year = 3000Ordering cost = INR 3 Lacs Holding cost per TV set = INR 4 Lacs We are supposed to determine the EOQ, number of optimal lots in the year, and total cost related to inventory carrying and ordering cost.
1. EOQEOQ formula is given as : EOQ = sqrt((2 x D x S) / H)where D = Annual demand S = Ordering cost H = Holding cost Substituting the given values, D = 3000S = INR 3 Lacs H = INR 4 Lacs EOQ = sqrt((2 x 3000 x 3,00,000) / 4,00,000)EOQ = 1500Therefore, the EOQ is 1500.
2. Number of optimal lots in the year Number of optimal lots in the year = (Annual demand / EOQ) = (3000 / 1500) = 2Therefore, the number of optimal lots in the year is 2.
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what major world event influenced the way nursing became a formal occupation
The major world event that influenced the way nursing became a formal occupation is the "Crimean War".
The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. The war was fought because Russia wanted to expand its territories and the allies sought to limit its expansion. It was one of the first wars to be heavily documented by journalists.The significant role of nursing emerged during the Crimean War, and it became a formal occupation that had a considerable impact on the profession and healthcare in general. Florence Nightingale is the most well-known name associated with the Crimean War and the nursing profession. Florence Nightingale, an English nurse, and social reformer were sent to the Crimean War in 1854 by the British government. She was accompanied by a group of 38 volunteer nurses, and they were assigned to a British army field hospital in Scutari, Turkey. Nightingale was responsible for the establishment of an efficient nursing system and initiated significant changes that contributed to the development of modern nursing and healthcare systems. She developed sanitation systems, encouraged healthy practices such as handwashing, and introduced policies for cleanliness in hospitals, which ultimately helped reduce the death rate.
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talia’s tutus bought a new sewing machine for $70,000 that will be depreciated over 5 years using double-declining-balance depreciation with a switch to straight-line.
To calculate the depreciation expense for Talia's Tutus' new sewing machine, we will use the double-declining-balance method followed by a switch to straight-line depreciation.
The double-declining-balance method depreciates the asset at a faster rate in the early years and then switches to straight-line depreciation when that method results in higher depreciation expense.
Given that the sewing machine was purchased for $70,000 and will be depreciated over 5 years, the double-declining-balance depreciation rate can be calculated as 1 / 5 = 0.2 or 20% per year.
Year 1: Depreciation Expense = Beginning Book Value * Depreciation Rate
= $70,000 * 0.2 = $14,000
Accumulated Depreciation = $14,000
Year 2: Depreciation Expense = Beginning Book Value * Depreciation Rate
= ($70,000 - $14,000) * 0.2 = $11,200
Accumulated Depreciation = $14,000 + $11,200 = $25,200
Years 3 to 5: Depreciation Expense = ($70,000 - Accumulated Depreciation) / Remaining Useful Life (in years)
Accumulated Depreciation will increase each year until it reaches $70,000
Once the Accumulated Depreciation reaches $70,000, the switch to straight-line depreciation will occur, and the annual depreciation expense will be the same until the end of the asset's useful life.
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Talia's Tutus bought a new sewing machine for $70,000 that will be depreciated over 5 years using double-declining-balance depreciation with a switch to straight-line.
Discuss the main issues that connect the
operations-related competence of a firm with its marketing
strategy?
Operations-related competence of a firm has a strong correlation with the marketing strategy of the company. This is because both of these areas of a business involve processes that are crucial for the success of a firm. The operations-related competence of a firm refers to the capability of the firm to design, produce, and deliver products or services efficiently. On the other hand, marketing strategy refers to the methods and techniques that a company uses to promote its products or services to its target market. The main issues that connect operations-related competence with marketing strategy include product design, quality control, customer service, and delivery speed.
Product design is important in operations as it determines the efficiency of the production process. If a product is poorly designed, it can result in delays in production, which can, in turn, lead to a delay in delivery.
In addition, product quality is important to ensure that customers are satisfied with the product and are more likely to become repeat customers.
Customer service is another crucial factor that connects operations-related competence with marketing strategy. This is because good customer service can increase customer satisfaction, which can result in increased sales. Delivery speed is also important in operations as it determines the speed with which a company can deliver products to its customers. This can have a direct impact on the marketing strategy of a company as customers are more likely to purchase from a company that offers fast delivery times.
In conclusion, the operations-related competence of a firm is closely linked to its marketing strategy. A company's product design, quality control, customer service, and delivery speed are all important factors that can impact a company's marketing strategy. Therefore, it is crucial for a company to focus on improving its operations-related competence to ensure that it can deliver products or services efficiently and effectively, which will, in turn, help to improve its marketing strategy.
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Why are the vast majority of "ethnic" enclaves now located in sprawling suburbs? (1 mark) A 2. The "ethnic" enclave of Markham is quite prosperous. It was created in the 1990s. What are economic factors that are changing the prosperity of "ethnic" enclaves today? Why should th be of concern? (2 marks)
1. In the past, most ethnic enclaves were situated in urban areas. However, the majority of them are now located in sprawling suburbs. These suburbs are attractive to newcomers due to the following factors:
Affordability: The suburbs provide more affordable housing than the city. Even though suburban homes are more expensive, they are more spacious and offer more value for money.
Safety: The suburbs are perceived as being safer than the city. Crime rates are usually lower in suburban areas than in urban areas. Many parents prefer the suburbs because they believe their children are safer there.
Comfort: The suburbs are more comfortable to live in than the city. The environment is less polluted, and there is less noise. The suburbs provide a more peaceful atmosphere where one can relax after a long day at work.
2. Economic factors that are changing the prosperity of "ethnic" enclaves include the following:
Gentrification: This is a process where the original residents of a neighborhood are replaced by wealthier people. Gentrification is causing the displacement of many ethnic enclaves. As a result, many people are losing their homes, jobs, and social connections. Gentrification is also causing the loss of cultural identity among ethnic communities.
Income inequality: The wealth gap between rich and poor is widening in many countries. Ethnic enclaves are particularly vulnerable to this trend because they tend to be less affluent than other neighborhoods. Many ethnic enclaves lack basic amenities such as good schools, healthcare, and job opportunities. This is making it difficult for people in these areas to improve their standard of living.
The potential loss of cultural identity is a concern because it threatens the preservation of diverse cultures. When people are displaced from their homes, they lose their connections to their community and their cultural heritage. Additionally, economic inequality can create social unrest and reduce social cohesion. The government should be concerned about these issues because they can lead to social unrest and political instability.
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If interest rates were to increase, then [select the statement that is most correct]
a. Only long term bonds will experience a price increase
b. Both long and short term bonds will exerience a price decrease, but long term bonds will drop in price more than short term.
c. Both long and short term bonds will exerience a price decrease, but short term bonds will drop in price more than long term.
d. only long term bonds will experience a price decrease
e. All bonds will experience a price increase
B. Both long and short term bonds will experience a price decrease, but long-term bonds will drop in price more than short-term.
When interest rates increase, bond prices typically decrease. This is because newly issued bonds will offer higher coupon rates, making existing bonds with lower coupon rates less attractive to investors. Both long-term and short-term bonds are affected by interest rate changes, but the impact on their prices differs.
Long-term bonds, which have longer maturities, are more sensitive to interest rate changes. The longer the bond's maturity, the more time there is for interest rates to fluctuate, impacting the bond's present value. Therefore, long-term bonds generally experience a larger drop in price compared to short-term bonds when interest rates increase.
Short-term bonds, on the other hand, have shorter maturities and are less affected by interest rate changes. Their prices may still decrease, but the impact is relatively smaller compared to long-term bonds.
It's important to note that while the general relationship between interest rates and bond prices holds, other factors such as credit quality, market conditions, and investor sentiment can also influence bond prices.
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Changes in prices can be attributed to shifts in the supply curve, the demand curve, or both. In this module we learned several variables that can shift the curves (price of related goods, changes in expectations, etc.) According to the Hoffower article, what variable is likely to be the cause of increased college tuition from the demand side? What variable on the supply side?
According to the Hoffower article, the variable likely to be the cause of increased college tuition from the demand side is increased competition. The variable on the supply side is the decrease in state funding.LONG ANSWER:In accordance with the Hoffower article.
The variable likely to be the cause of increased college tuition from the demand side is increased competition. Because more individuals are attending college, colleges must compete for potential students, just like any other business does.The variable on the supply side is the decrease in state funding. In the past, states heavily subsidized their public universities.
Nonetheless, with the increase of state budget crises, state funding has decreased over time. Consequently, public universities have had to compensate by increasing tuition rates and other fees to make up for the shortfall in state funding. It implies that higher education in the United States has become increasingly costly. The decreasing state funding shifts the supply curve to the left, which increases equilibrium price and reduces the equilibrium quantity.EXPLANATION:Changes in prices are often caused by shifts in the supply curve, the demand curve, or both. Changes in prices can be linked to shifts in either or both of these curves, as seen in the case of increased college tuition. In this case, according to the Hoffower article, the increase in demand is caused by increased competition, which results in colleges competing for potential students like any other business. Colleges raise tuition rates and other fees to make up for the shortfall in state funding, which has decreased over time as a result of the increase of state budget crises. This, in turn, shifts the supply curve to the left, raising equilibrium price and lowering equilibrium quantity.
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Display ad traffic from mobile devices may appear to be unprofitable, but the ads might be profitable if the conversion rate is close to zero mobile bid adjustments are increasing the cost-per-click of mobile traffic the traffic is being produced by unintentional clicks O these visitors are purchasing later on another device Why might a company's social media objective NOT be to induce additional purchases? The company does not sell online. O It makes more sense for the company to use social media efforts to build brand equity. O All of the above None of the above
The company's social media objective may not be to induce additional purchases because it may prioritize building brand equity and engaging with customers rather than focusing solely on driving immediate sales.
The possible reasons why a company's social media objective may not be to induce additional purchases are as follows:
The company does not sell online: If the company primarily operates through physical stores or offline channels, its social media objective may focus more on creating brand awareness, engaging with customers, and driving foot traffic to their brick-and-mortar locations.It makes more sense for the company to use social media efforts to build brand equity: Building brand equity and establishing a strong brand image can be a crucial objective for companies, especially if they operate in highly competitive markets or if they want to differentiate themselves from competitors. In such cases, social media can be a powerful tool for storytelling, showcasing brand values, and engaging with customers on a deeper level.It makes more sense for the company to use social media efforts to build brand equity, as social media platforms provide opportunities for companies to connect with their target audience, share their brand story, and build meaningful relationships, even if the immediate goal is not to drive direct sales.
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CASE Marketing Mix consists of the 4 Ps. One of those P's is Place. Flawless Features, an American marketing company, that manufactures beauty, home care, and health products The brand sells products only through its authorized stores. Hence, the company plays the role of a producer and distributor of its goods. QUESTION: Identity the type of vertical marketing system applied by Flawless Features.
The type of vertical marketing system applied by Flawless Features is Corporate VMS.A marketing mix refers to the various tactics and strategies used by a business or an organization to promote their product or service in the market.
The 4 Ps of the marketing mix include Product, Price, Place, and Promotion.What is a marketing company?A marketing company is a firm that provides marketing services to businesses and organizations. The services they offer include advertising, branding, market research, social media management, and many others. Marketing companies help businesses to connect with their target audience and promote their products or services more effectively.
What is a vertical marketing system (VMS)?A vertical marketing system is a type of channel of distribution where the different levels of the channel are unified under a single entity. The three types of vertical marketing systems include corporate, contractual, and administered.
What type of vertical marketing system is used by Flawless Features?Flawless Features is a marketing company that manufactures beauty, home care, and health products. The brand sells products only through its authorized stores, making the company play the role of a producer and distributor of its goods.
The type of vertical marketing system applied by Flawless Features is Corporate VMS. In this system, a single entity owns or controls the entire channel of distribution, from manufacturing to retailing. By using this system, Flawless Features can have more control over the distribution of its products, ensuring that they are sold only through authorized channels.
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After watching the video from Harvard Business Review: "The Biggest Mistake a Leader Can Make" , in at least 250 words, please answer each of the following: Choose one of the ‘mistakes’ that are described in this video, and describe how you think the mistake would influence the strategic management process of an organization. Explain how you would try to address the mistake and try to improve the situation
The video, “The Biggest Mistake a Leader Can Make” presented by Harvard Business Review is about leadership mistakes that often happen when managing people. One of the mistakes described in the video is Failing to Give Feedback or Giving Only Negative Feedback.
This is a common mistake among leaders that usually has adverse effects on their team or organization.Failing to give feedback or giving only negative feedback can influence the strategic management process of an organization in various ways. Firstly, it affects the morale of the team. Negative feedback often makes people feel demotivated, unappreciated, and insignificant. This can lead to low morale and a decrease in productivity, which can adversely affect the success of the organization.Secondly, it affects employee retention.
Employees who are not given feedback may feel neglected and unappreciated, leading to disengagement and eventually resignation. This, in turn, can lead to a high turnover rate and a loss of top talent.Thirdly, it affects the quality of work. When feedback is not given or only negative feedback is given, employees do not know what they are doing right or wrong. This can lead to a decrease in the quality of work and can negatively impact the success of the organization.To address the mistake of failing to give feedback or giving only negative feedback, the leader should aim to give constructive feedback. This means feedback that is honest, specific, and provides actionable steps to improve.
Constructive feedback helps employees to learn from their mistakes, improve their skills, and stay motivated. By giving constructive feedback, leaders can create a positive work environment, increase productivity, and retain top talent.In conclusion, feedback is a crucial aspect of leadership that should not be overlooked. Leaders who fail to give feedback or give only negative feedback can negatively impact their team and the success of their organization. By giving constructive feedback, leaders can address the mistake and improve the situation, creating a positive work environment that promotes growth, learning, and productivity.
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The belief that behaviour is a function of the person and the environment is known as O a. interactional psychology. O b. internal locus of control. O c. self-esteem. O d. attribution theory.
The belief that behavior is a function of the person and the environment is known as option a. interactional psychology.
The discussion will revolve around the concept of interactional psychology and how it applies in the psychology of behavior.Interactional psychologyInteractional psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on how behavior is shaped by both the individual and the environment. This concept asserts that both the person and the environment contribute to the way an individual behaves, and the behavior is a function of both of these variables.Interactional psychology is founded on the interactional model, which is based on the belief that the person, behavior, and environment are interconnected. The person is shaped by the environment, the environment is shaped by the person, and both the person and the environment interact to influence behavior.
The theory is based on the fact that the environment in which an individual lives can have a direct impact on their behavior. The behavior is not only influenced by personal characteristics but also by external factors, such as cultural and social factors.The theory is also based on the belief that behavior is learned, and it can be changed by modifying the environment in which an individual is exposed to. Therefore, interactional psychology focuses on finding ways to change behavior by changing the environment in which an individual is exposed to.
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True or False
1. Crises are part of the regular work experience; therefore,leaders know what to expect and plan accordingly.
2. an organization with a competitive culture operates in a rapidly growing market environment where they focus in introducing their product to the customer.
1. False. While leaders may have some experience with crises and may have plans in place to address certain types of crises, not all crises can be predicted or planned for in advance.
Crises often arise unexpectedly and require quick thinking and adaptive responses. Leaders may have a general framework or guidelines to deal with crises, but the specific nature and impact of each crisis can vary greatly.
2. True. An organization with a competitive culture typically operates in a rapidly growing market environment and focuses on introducing and promoting its products to customers. In such a culture, there is a strong emphasis on outperforming competitors, gaining market share, and achieving success in a highly competitive landscape. The organization is driven by a desire to win in the marketplace, constantly seeking new opportunities for growth, and often willing to take calculated risks to stay ahead of the competition. This competitive mindset influences the organization's strategies, decision-making processes, and overall approach to business .
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Exercise 3. Calculation with the IS curve and the multiplier. Show how to derive an IS curve that includes the consumption multiplier. That is, assume investment is described by 11 = a;, – b(R4 - 7) and consumption is described by Ce =acī, + x Ý, Y. The other categories of expenditures follow the same rules as in class. a) Show how to get the expression of the IS curve for this case. b) Why do we say that there is a multiplier? What is the magnitude of the multiplier? Explain the intuition behind the multiplier. Assume r = 0.02, b = 0.5, x = 0.4, and that there are no short-term demand shocks a= 0. c) How does output respond when the real interest rate increases by 0.01. d) Draw a graph of the baseline IS-curve and the IS-curve with the multiplier. You should plot the "short-term fluctuation" (X-axis) vs the real interest rate in the (Y-axis), for each case. Which curve is flatter, and why? e) By how much does output increase if there is an aggregate demand shock that increases ag by 0.01
IS curve including the consumption multiplier is derived using the following equations, considering investment as I = a-b(R- r ) and consumption as C = a₀ + c(Y - T) + xI + g.
The IS curve is a relationship between interest rates and output in the economy, while the consumption multiplier is a measure of how much consumption changes when there is a change in income. In this exercise, we derive an IS curve that includes the consumption multiplier and show how to calculate the magnitude of the multiplier.
The intuition behind the multiplier is that it reflects the fact that an increase in expenditure generates an increase in output that in turn generates further increases in expenditure and output. The baseline IS-curve has a steeper slope compared to the IS-curve with the multiplier. The flatter curve is the IS-curve with the multiplier. This is because the inclusion of the consumption multiplier dampens the impact of changes in the real interest rate on output.
The output decreases by (1/ (1 - c(1 - xβ))) * 0.01 when the real interest rate increases by 0.01. Additionally, output increases by (1/ (1 - c(1 - xβ))) * 0.01 when there is an aggregate demand shock that increases ag by 0.01.
The exercise above shows how to derive an IS curve that includes the consumption multiplier. The derivation is done using the equation of national expenditure, which relates output to consumption, investment, and government spending.
The inclusion of the consumption multiplier dampens the impact of changes in the real interest rate on output. The magnitude of the multiplier is given as 1/ (1 - c(1 - xβ)). The intuition behind the multiplier is that it reflects the fact that an increase in expenditure generates an increase in output that in turn generates further increases in expenditure and output.
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Unbalancing a bid to take advantage of an owner’s error is unethical
A. True
B False
Unbalancing a bid to take advantage of an owner’s error is unethical. This statement is true.
An unbalanced bid occurs when the subcontractor fails to distribute the costs of a bid item proportionally to the quantity of work anticipated. It could also refer to a bidding approach in which the bid price of one item or several items is very low or very high, whereas the others are more reasonable. This is done to provide the bidder an advantage over its competitors and, in the end, to win the bid. This is also a method of taking advantage of the owner's or architect's inexperience in the area or a method of exploiting the owner's or architect's mistakes.
Unbalancing a bid in this manner might have long-term negative effects on the contractor's reputation, the project, and the industry. Instead of unbalancing the bid, the contractor should inform the owner of the mistake in the plans and request a modification. They may also inquire about the information given in the specifications. They may request additional information from the owner to provide an accurate bid. They should avoid taking advantage of a mistake or exploiting the owner or architect's inexperience.
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E14.13 (LO 4) The following information is taken from the 2020 general ledger of Okonedo ASA. Rent Rent expense € 40,000 Prepaid rent, January 1 5,600 Prepaid rent, December 31 9,000 Salaries Salaries and wages expense € 65,000 10,000 Salaries and wages payable, January 1 Salaries and wages payable, December 31 8,000 Sales Sales revenue €170,000 Accounts receivable, January 1 19,000 Accounts receivable, December 31 7,000 Instructions In each case, compute the amount that should be reported in the operating activities section of the state- ment of cash flows under the direct method.
The amount that should be reported in the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows under the direct method for Okonedo ASA is €171,000.
The operating activities section of the statement of cash flows under the direct method includes cash inflows and outflows directly related to the company's core operations. To calculate the amount for this section, we need to consider the changes in the relevant accounts. For Rent, the Rent expense of €40,000 is reported as an outflow in the operating activities section. For Salaries, the change in Salaries and wages payable is considered. The Salaries and wages payable of €10,000 (January 1) minus €8,000 (December 31) represents a decrease in payable, which means an increase in cash. Therefore, €2,000 is reported as an inflow in the operating activities section.
For Sales, the change in Accounts receivable is considered. The Accounts receivable of €19,000 (January 1) minus €7,000 (December 31) represents a decrease in receivables, which means an increase in cash. Therefore, €12,000 is reported as an inflow in the operating activities section. Adding up the Rent expense, Salaries adjustment, and Sales adjustment, the total amount reported in the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows under the direct method is €40,000 + €2,000 + €12,000 = €54,000. However, it's important to note that the given information does not provide specific details about other operating cash flows, such as cash paid for operating expenses. Therefore, the total amount reported in the operating activities section may vary depending on additional information not provided.
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