The market for hot dogs in New York City is a highly competitive market in which market forces set the price. firms in this market cannot make large economic profits
The market for hot dogs on the streets of New York City can be considered as close to a perfectly competitive market. This is due to the many individuals buying and selling hot dogs. In a perfectly competitive market, there is an equilibrium price and quantity at which the quantity of a good supplied equals the quantity of the good demanded. This is called the market-clearing price and quantity. In this market for hot dogs, market forces set the price. When there is a shortage of hot dogs, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, which leads to higher prices. Conversely, when there is a surplus of hot dogs, the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, which leads to lower prices. Since there are no barriers to entry, firms in this market cannot make large economic profits and can only earn zero economic profits. They can only make positive accounting profits in the short run when the price is above their average total cost. In conclusion, the market for hot dogs in New York City is a highly competitive market in which market forces set the price. Firms can only earn normal profits in the long run, which is characteristic of perfectly competitive markets.
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complete question:
The market for hot dogs on the streets of New York City can be considered close to a perfectly competitive market. Because there are so many individuals buying and selling hot dogs:
there is a shortage of hot dogs.
there is a surplus of hot dogs.
market forces set the price in the market.
firms are able to make large economic profits.
firms cannot make positive accounting profits.
1) 1a. Setting aside the political issues between North Korea and the United States, is there a reasonable way to respond to an anonymous threat found on the Internet somewhere? What elements would you require before canceling the film if you were CEO of Sony? If you were CEO of a chain of theaters?
1b. What cybersecurity controls would you recommend Sony use to provide better security for unreleased digital films and e-mails? Be sure to include technology as well as organizational controls.
1c. If you were a hacker, what approach would you have used to break into Sony’s system? What do you think the most important SETA elements would be to prevent future cyberattacks against Sony or other media firms?
(2) What is an evil twin WiFi connection? What should you do to increase your security in a coffee shop the next time you want to connect?
(3) Did you change your shopping habits after hearing of the widespread breaches at Target, Home Depot, and dozens of other stores? Why or why not? Would you continue banking with an institution that had a major breach? Why or why not?
Responding to anonymous threats requires careful evaluation and collaboration with relevant stakeholders.
a. When responding to an anonymous threat found on the Internet, it is crucial to assess the credibility and severity of the threat before taking any action. As CEO of Sony, I would require the following elements before canceling the film: thorough investigation by law enforcement and cybersecurity experts, credible intelligence regarding the potential threat, and consultation with relevant stakeholders to evaluate the potential risks and consequences. As CEO of a chain of theaters, I would consider factors such as the credibility of the threat, the potential impact on public safety, and guidance from law enforcement agencies before making a decision to cancel screenings.
b. To provide better security for unreleased digital films and emails, Sony should implement a combination of technological and organizational controls. Technological controls may include robust encryption algorithms, multi-factor authentication, regular security audits, and secure file transfer protocols. Organizational controls should focus on employee awareness and training programs, strict access controls and permissions, regular security assessments, and incident response plans.
Responding to anonymous threats requires careful evaluation and collaboration with relevant stakeholders. Implementing a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy, including both technological and organizational controls, is crucial for protecting digital assets and sensitive information.
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uably the most effective digital marketing tool,
____________________ is enabled when a snippet of code (or "pixel")
is placed on website by its owner.
One of the most effective digital marketing tools is remarketing. This is enabled when a snippet of code or a pixel is placed on a website by the owner. This then allows the site owner to track users and show targeted ads to them later on.
Remarketing refers to an online advertising technique that lets marketers target ads to customers who have already visited their website. This is done by dropping cookies or pixels on users’ browsers and showing them ads on other websites as they browse. Remarketing allows businesses to reconnect with potential customers who visited their website but did not take action.
This technique is highly effective because it targets individuals who have already shown an interest in a product or service. It also allows advertisers to personalize their ads and create targeted campaigns for different customer segments. Overall, remarketing is a powerful tool for driving conversions and increasing ROI.
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how much money does ted need to invest each month in order to accumulate $10,000 over a five-year period, if he expects to get a return of 5.625 percent per year?
Ted needs to invest a certain amount of money each month to accumulate $10,000 over a five-year period with an expected annual return of 5.625%.
The amount that Ted needs to invest each month can be determined using the formula for the present value of an annuity. The present value of an annuity represents the current value of a series of future cash flows, considering the interest rate and time period.
In this case, Ted wants to accumulate $10,000 over a five-year period and expects a return of 5.625 percent per year. By using financial calculations or a present value of annuity formula, the monthly investment amount can be determined.
The specific calculation involves considering the future value, interest rate, time period, and compounding frequency. The formula takes into account the time value of money, ensuring that the future cash flows are discounted appropriately.
By performing the calculation, Ted can determine the amount he needs to invest each month in order to reach his goal of accumulating $10,000 over the specified time period with the expected return rate.
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Your firm is offered an investment, as follows: If you pay $5 million today, then you will receive two cash payments: $500,000 exactly 2 years from today from today, and $8 million exactly 9 years from today.
QUESTION: Should your firm make this investment? Answer YES or NO, then evaluate using the NET PRESENT VALUE criterion and a discount rate of 7%. (You must SHOW your calculations to receive any credit for your answer.)
Yes, the firm should make the investment as the net present value is positive.
Explanation:
Given:
Investment = $5 million
Cash payment after 2 years = $500,000
Cash payment after 9 years = $8 million
Discount rate = 7%
To determine whether the firm should invest in the project, we have to calculate the net present value. If the net present value is positive, then the firm should invest in the project.
Net present value = present value of cash inflows - initial investment
Let's calculate the present value of each cash inflow.
Calculating the present value of $500,000 received after 2 years:
Present value of $500,000 = $500,000 / (1 + 0.07)^2 = $500,000 / 1.1449 = $438,596.49
Calculating the present value of $8 million received after 9 years:
Present value of $8 million = $8,000,000 / (1 + 0.07)^9 = $8,000,000 / 2.003 = $3,993,523.21
Now, we can calculate the net present value:
Net present value = present value of cash inflows - initial investment = $438,596.49 + $3,993,523.21 - $5,000,000 = $432,119.70
Since the net present value is positive, the firm should make the investment.
Reference:
No specific reference provided.
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A binding price ceiling leads to a(n): A - shortage B - surplus C- quantity of zero units D- equiliburium quantity
A binding price ceiling leads to A - shortage. A price ceiling is a government-imposed maximum price that is set below the equilibrium price in a market. When a price ceiling is binding, meaning it is set below the equilibrium price, it creates a shortage in the market.
A shortage occurs because at the artificially low price, the quantity demanded by consumers exceeds the quantity supplied by producers. As a result, there is excess demand or a shortage of the product, as consumers are willing to buy more at the lower price but producers are not willing or able to supply enough quantity at that price.
Therefore, a binding price ceiling creates a shortage, indicated by a quantity demanded that exceeds the quantity supplied.
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Tina cornered Darryl in the breakroom. She said in an undertone, "Look, I know you said you would not switch scheduled work weekends with me next month. If you don't, I tell the manager what really ened in Denver. Understand?" Tina used the influence tactic of
Orational persuasion.
ingratiation
pressure
personal appeal
Tina is employing the influence tactic of "pressure" by using a threat or blackmail to manipulate Darryl into switching scheduled work weekends with her.
By mentioning that she knows something about what happened in Denver and implying that she will reveal this information to the manager, she is creating a sense of fear and potential negative consequences for Darryl if he doesn't comply.
This tactic aims to leverage power dynamics and exert control over Darryl's decision-making by instilling a sense of urgency and the desire to avoid harm or negative outcomes.
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Discuss the relationship between DPO and payables turnover.
(Be specific please)
DPO is a financial metric (Days Payable Outstanding) and payables turnover are closely related but represent different aspects of a company's financial management.
DPO is a financial metric that measures the average number of days it takes a company to pay its suppliers. It indicates the efficiency with which a company manages its accounts payable. DPO is calculated by dividing accounts payable by the average daily cost of goods sold (COGS) and then multiplying the result by 365 (days). The formula for DPO is:
DPO = (Accounts Payable / COGS) * 365
On the other hand, payables turnover is a ratio that measures the number of times a company pays its suppliers during a specific period, usually a year. It indicates the frequency of payment to suppliers. Payables turnover is calculated by dividing purchases (or COGS) by average accounts payable. The formula for payables turnover is:
Payables Turnover = COGS / Average Accounts Payable
The relationship between DPO and payables turnover is inverse. A higher DPO means a longer time to pay suppliers, indicating a slower cash outflow and potentially better cash management. Conversely, a higher payables turnover indicates that a company is paying its suppliers more frequently, resulting in a shorter payment period.
However, it's important to note that a company should strive for a balance between DPO and payables turnover. While extending payment terms (increasing DPO) can improve cash flow, it may strain supplier relationships if taken to the extreme. Conversely, a very high payables turnover may suggest that a company is not effectively utilizing its supplier credit terms or could indicate financial distress. Therefore, it's crucial for businesses to carefully manage both metrics to optimize their cash flow and maintain healthy relationships with suppliers.
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was there anything pertaining to the online environment via email particularly challenging
how did your experience negotiating online differ from face to face negotiations?
Negotiating online, particularly via email, can present unique challenges compared to face-to-face negotiations. The lack of nonverbal cues, delayed responses, and the potential for misinterpretation can make online negotiations more challenging. However, there are also some advantages to negotiating online, such as increased flexibility and the ability to document and track conversations.
Negotiating online, specifically through email, can be more challenging than face-to-face negotiations due to several reasons. First, the absence of nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice can make it difficult to gauge the other party's intentions and emotions accurately.
This can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of messages, potentially derailing the negotiation process.
Additionally, the asynchronous nature of email communication can result in delayed responses, slowing down the negotiation process. Miscommunication can occur when one party misunderstands the intent behind a message or when there are lapses in response times. It can also be challenging to build rapport and establish trust solely through written communication.
On the other hand, negotiating online does offer some advantages. It provides flexibility as parties can engage in negotiations from different locations and time zones. Email negotiations also allow for written documentation of the conversation, making it easier to refer back to specific points and agreements.
In summary, negotiating online, particularly through email, poses challenges related to the absence of nonverbal cues and potential miscommunication.
However, it also offers advantages such as flexibility and the ability to document conversations. Successful online negotiations require clear and concise communication, active listening, and a proactive approach to address any misunderstandings that may arise.
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Which of the following is the most suitable for measuring the
level of non-material well-being of society?
a. Average consumption per day
b. GDP per capita
c. Annual free time
d. Average annual salary
The level of non-material well-being of society is best measured by the annual free time. The measurement of material well-being in society is the GDP per capita, while the measurement of daily consumption is an indication of individual material welfare.
The average annual salary is also an excellent measurement of material welfare.An annual free time measurement is a good indicator of the level of non-material well-being of society because it determines the amount of time available for people to pursue leisure and hobbies outside of work. It is a direct measurement of an individual's freedom to choose how they spend their time, which is a crucial aspect of well-being.Annual free time provides a good indication of the quality of life of a society because it reflects a balance between work and leisure time. High levels of annual free time can indicate a healthy work-life balance and a good level of non-material well-being in a society. Therefore, it is the most suitable for measuring the level of non-material well-being of society.
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Bohemian Manufacturing Company reported sales of $820,000 at the end of last year; but this year, sales are expected to grow by 8%. Bohemianexpects to maintain its current profit margin of 22% and dividend payout ratio of 25%. The firm's total assets equalled $425,000 and were operated at full capacity. Bohemian's balance sheet shows the following current liabilities: accounts payable of $65,000, notes payable of $30,000, and accrued liabilities of $65,000. Based on the AFN (Additional Funds Needed) equation, what is the firm's AFN for the coming year?
a. -$116,398
b. -$153,155
c. -$110,272
d. -$122,524
The firm's AFN (Additional Funds Needed) for the coming year is -$116,398.
AFN represents the additional funds required by a firm to support its projected growth. It can be calculated using the AFN equation:
AFN = (Increase in Assets - Increase in Spontaneous Liabilities - Increase in Retained Earnings) - (Net Income × (1 - Dividend Payout Ratio))
In this case, we need to calculate the increase in assets, increase in spontaneous liabilities, and increase in retained earnings.
Increase in Assets = (Sales increase × Total Assets) - (Current Liabilities)
= (8% × $425,000) - ($65,000 + $30,000 + $65,000)
= $34,000
Increase in Spontaneous Liabilities = (Sales increase × Spontaneous Liabilities)
= (8% × ($65,000 + $30,000 + $65,000))
= $13,600
Increase in Retained Earnings = Net Income × (1 - Dividend Payout Ratio)
= (Sales × Profit Margin) × (1 - Dividend Payout Ratio)
= ($820,000 × 22%) × (1 - 25%)
= $152,320
AFN = ($34,000 - $13,600 - $152,320) - ($820,000 × (1 - 25%))
= -$116,398
Therefore, the firm's AFN for the coming year is -$116,398, indicating that the firm would require additional funds to support its projected growth.
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Though necessary, explain why profit does not really tell
investors about the use of their resources
The statement "profit does not really tell investors about the use of their resources" is true.
Although profits are necessary to run a business, they do not tell investors everything they need to know about the use of their resources.
Profit is a financial metric that represents the amount of money left over after expenses have been paid. It provides an indication of how efficiently a company is using its resources to generate revenue. However, the profits alone do not give investors a clear idea of how those resources are being utilized.
There are a number of reasons why profit is not a reliable indicator of resource use, some of which are outlined below:
1. Profitability does not take into account the timing of resource usage. For example, a company may be profitable because it is delaying necessary investments in order to maximize short-term returns.
This strategy can be successful in the short term, but it can be damaging to the company's long-term prospects.
2. Profit does not provide any insight into how efficiently a company is using its resources. A company may be profitable, but still wasting resources on unproductive or inefficient activities.
3. Profitability metrics do not account for the opportunity cost of investing in one project over another. A company may choose to invest in a highly profitable project, but that does not necessarily mean it is the best use of its resources.To summarize, profit is an essential financial metric that helps businesses to thrive.
However, investors need to look beyond profit and understand how resources are being used in order to get a complete picture of a company's financial health and prospects.
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(1) What are the conditions for the successful implementation of a new management system?
(1.1) What do you think of the steps taken to build the Baptist Management System, especially the order in which those steps were taken?
(2) What are the key leadership skills by Brad and Skip Steward?
(3) How can the leaders of NEA Baptist ensure they are building a sustainable management system?
1. The order of steps taken to build the Baptist Management System is crucial for its success.
2. Brad and Skip Steward demonstrate key leadership skills in their roles.
3. By considering these factors, the leaders can create a sustainable management system that promotes long-term success.
For the successful implementation of a new management system, several conditions must be met. Firstly, there needs to be a clear vision and strategy for the system, ensuring it aligns with the organization's goals and objectives. Secondly, there should be effective communication and buy-in from all stakeholders, including employees at all levels. Thirdly, adequate resources, such as technology, training, and support, should be provided to facilitate the implementation process. Additionally, a well-defined project plan with specific timelines, milestones, and accountability measures is essential. Lastly, there should be a commitment to continuous improvement and flexibility to adapt the system based on feedback and evolving needs.
In the case of the Baptist Management System, the order in which the steps were taken is crucial. Without specific information on the exact steps taken, it is challenging to provide a detailed assessment. However, a logical order would involve conducting a thorough needs assessment, followed by the selection of an appropriate management system and the design and customization of the system to meet the organization's unique requirements. Next, a pilot implementation could be carried out to identify and address any potential issues or challenges. Finally, a full-scale implementation and training program would ensure widespread adoption and utilization of the system.
Brad and Skip Steward, as leaders in the NEA Baptist organization, demonstrate key leadership skills that contribute to the success of the management system. These skills may include effective communication, strategic thinking, problem-solving, and the ability to inspire and motivate employees. Brad and Skip Steward should lead by example, exhibiting a commitment to the system and fostering a culture of continuous improvement and learning within the organization.
To ensure the building of a sustainable management system, the leaders of NEA Baptist can take several steps. Firstly, they should prioritize continuous improvement by regularly evaluating the system's effectiveness and making necessary adjustments. This includes gathering feedback from employees and other stakeholders and incorporating their suggestions for improvement. Secondly, leaders should focus on employee engagement by fostering a positive work environment, providing opportunities for professional growth and development, and recognizing and rewarding employees' contributions. Finally, there should be alignment between the management system and the organization's overall goals and objectives, ensuring that the system supports and enhances the strategic direction of the organization. By considering these factors, the leaders can create a sustainable management system that promotes long-term success.
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Situation A a. At year-end, Cosmic Inc has shipped, FOB destination, $4,100 worth of merchandise that is still in transit to Stargazer Inc. Which company should include the $ 4.100 as part of inventory at year-end? should show the $ 4.100 in its inventory at year-end. b. Cosmic Inc. has shipped goods to Stargazer Inc and has arranged that Stargazer will sell the goods on consignment for Cosmic. Identify the consignor and the consignee. Which company should include any goods as part of inventory? The consignor is The consignee is The consignor should include the should show the $ 4.100 in its inventory at year-end. Situation B Cookie Contents, a distributor of baking supplies, operates out of Toronto. At the end of the accounting period, Cookie Contents has 5,600 units of product in the warehouse, 100 of which were damaged by staff in a forklift accident and cannot be sold. Cookie Contents has another 850 units in the delivery van, ready to be delivered to fill a customer order with terms FOB destination, and another 360 units out on consignment to a friend who owns a health food store. How many of these units should be included in the end of period inventory? Units in ending inventory units Situation C A home and garden equipment retailer acquires a used lawnmower tractor for $ 1.200. Additional costs in purchasing the lawnmower tractor for resale include $ 52 for transportation costs. $ 110 for ownership transfer fees and taxes, $ 23 for insurance during shipment $ 29 for advertising, and $ 151 for sales staff salaries. Prior to placing the lawnmower for resale, they cleaned and refurbished it at a cost of $ 133. What is the inventory cost of the used lawnmower tractor acquired? Inventory cost S
The inventory cost of the used lawnmower tractor acquired is $1,798.
Situation Aa. Stargazer Inc should include the $4,100 as part of inventory at year-end because the merchandise is still in transit and is not yet received by the company. Therefore, the legal title of the merchandise still belongs to Cosmic Inc.b. In the given situation, Cosmic Inc is the consignor, and Stargazer Inc is the consignee. Cosmic Inc should include any goods as part of inventory. Situation BThe units of products that should be included in the ending inventory of Cookie Contents are as follows: Units in the warehouse = 5,600 - 100 = 5,500 unitsUnits in the delivery van = 850 unitsUnits on consignment = 360 unitsTotal units = 5,500 + 850 + 360 = 6,710 unitsTherefore, Cookie Contents should include 6,710 units in the end of period inventory. Situation CThe inventory cost of the used lawnmower tractor acquired is the total cost of all expenses incurred in bringing the product to a sellable condition. The total cost of acquiring and preparing the lawnmower for resale is:Inventory cost = $1,200 + $52 + $110 + $23 + $29 + $151 + $133= $1,798
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A claim message should end with a courteous suggestion for prompt action.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE. A claim message should indeed end with a courteous suggestion for prompt action.
In a claim message, it is important to maintain a polite and professional tone throughout the communication. The purpose of a claim message is to inform the recipient about an issue or problem and request a resolution or action. To ensure effective communication and a positive response, it is recommended to end the claim message with a courteous suggestion for prompt action. This helps in conveying a constructive approach and encourages the recipient to address the issue promptly.
By including a courteous suggestion for prompt action, the claim message demonstrates the sender's willingness to work towards a resolution and shows respect for the recipient's time and effort. It also helps in maintaining a positive relationship between the sender and the recipient, even in situations where there might be dissatisfaction or problems. Ending the claim message with a polite request for prompt action encourages the recipient to take the matter seriously and respond in a timely manner, increasing the chances of a satisfactory resolution to the issue at hand.
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Suppose the dollar-euro exchange increased from 1 dollar - 3 euros to 1 dollar = 3.75 euros. Did the euro appreciate, depreciate, or not change value against the dollar? Appreciate ODepreciate ONo change in value
The given exchange rates are $1 = 3 € and $1 = 3.75 €. To find out whether the Euro has appreciated or depreciated or not changed against the dollar, we need to compare the two exchange rates.Suppose you have $1, in the first scenario you can exchange it for 3 euros, but in the second scenario, you can exchange it for 3.75 euros.
That means, in the second scenario, you are getting more euros for your dollar. Therefore, the Euro has appreciated against the dollar when the exchange rate increased from $1 = 3 euros to $1 = 3.75 euros.To explain it further, if the exchange rate was $1 = 3 euros, and now it is $1 = 3.75 euros, that means earlier, the Euro was weaker, but now the Euro has become stronger. To buy the same amount of Euro now, you need to spend more dollars. Hence, the Euro has appreciated against the dollar. The term "appreciate" means the increase in value of a currency in relation to another currency. It indicates that a currency can buy more of another currency due to the increase in its value.For such more question on currency
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Heizer and Render advises that when analyzing and designing processes to transform resources into goods, the following questions should be asked: - Is the process designed to achieve competitive advantage in terms of differentiation, response or low cost? - Does the process eliminate steps that do not add value? - Does the process maximize customer value as perceived by the customer? - Will the process win orders? A Time-Function Map is similar to a flow process chart, but with time added to the horizontal axis. With time-function mapping, notes indicate the activities and arrows indicate the flow direction, with time on the horizontal axis. 1.1 Choose a process within your organization and construct a Baseline Time-Function Map. 1.2 Analyse the process and demonstrate how you would go about improving the process.
Since most organizations have changing needs, ongoing feedback loops should be established to ensure that processes are still relevant and efficient as conditions change.
To construct a baseline time-function map, a process within the organization can be selected. Once the process is selected, a baseline map can be developed. After that, the map can be analyzed, and the process can be improved by: Identifying steps that add no value and eliminating them Reducing delays and lead times to enhance customer satisfaction. Developing ways to speed up processes and procedures Identifying bottlenecks and working to reduce them. Finding approaches to increasing resource efficiency and effectiveness. Ensuring that all resources are properly utilized and allocated to maximize productivity is also critical in improving processes.
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Kanesha is an entrepreneur and has recently opened her first coffee shop, The Coffee Cat. Kanesha pays $2,800 rent each month, $2,500 for monthly employee payroll, and $1,700 for supplies each month. She was planning on selling several of her own tables and chairs on Craigslist for $1,300, but instead she brought them to The Coffee Cat. Additionally, Kanesha quit working as an accountant where she was earning $36,000 per year to open up the shop. If the shop earns $180,000 in revenue this year, calculate annual: Instructions: Enter your responses as a whole number. If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. Hint: be sure to calculate explicit costs as annual costs. a. Accounting profits. $ [ b. Economic profits. $
Answer:
The accounting profits and Economic profits are $102,000 and $66,000.
Explanation:
a. Accounting profits = $102,000
To calculate the accounting profits, we need to consider the explicit costs, which are the actual out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Kanesha in running her coffee shop. These include rent, employee payroll, supplies, and the opportunity cost of the tables and chairs.
Explicit costs per month:
Rent: $2,800
Employee payroll: $2,500
Supplies: $1,700
Explicit costs per year:
Total explicit costs = (Rent + Payroll + Supplies) x 12 months
Total explicit costs = ($2,800 + $2,500 + $1,700) x 12
Total explicit costs = $78,000
Accounting profits:
Accounting profits = Total revenue - Total explicit costs
Accounting profits = $180,000 - $78,000
Accounting profits = $102,000
b) Economic profits:
To calculate economic profits, we need to consider both the explicit costs and the implicit costs, which include the opportunity cost of Kanesha's alternative job as an accountant.
Implicit costs per year:
Opportunity cost of leaving her accounting job: $36,000
Economic profits:
Economic profits = Total revenue - (Total explicit costs + Total implicit costs)
Economic profits = $180,000 - ($78,000 + $36,000)
Economic profits = $66,000
Therefore:
a. Accounting profits: $102,000
b. Economic profits: $66,000
Note: Economic profits take into account both explicit costs and the opportunity cost of alternative choices, providing a more comprehensive measure of profitability.
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What would the action taken on the IRB rate you suggested do to the following? Enter "I" for increase, "D" for decrease, or "N" for no change. Federal Funds Rate: Demand for homes: Investment levels:
If the action taken on the IRB rate is an increase, it would likely lead to an increase in the Federal Funds Rate (I), a decrease in the demand for homes (D), and a decrease in investment levels (D)
The action taken on the IRB (Interest Rate on Bank Reserves) rate can have implications for the Federal Funds Rate, demand for homes, and investment levels. Here's how each of these factors might be affected:
1. Federal Funds Rate: The Federal Funds Rate is the interest rate at which banks lend funds to each other overnight to meet reserve requirements. The IRB rate can influence the Federal Funds Rate, although the relationship may not be direct or immediate. If the IRB rate is increased, it could potentially lead to an increase in the Federal Funds Rate. This is because banks may pass on the higher cost of borrowing from the central bank to other banks, resulting in a higher rate for interbank lending. Therefore, an increase in the IRB rate would likely lead to an increase in the Federal Funds Rate (I).
2. Demand for Homes: Changes in interest rates can have a significant impact on the demand for homes. When interest rates are low, it becomes more affordable for individuals to borrow money to finance home purchases. As a result, demand for homes tends to increase. Conversely, when interest rates rise, borrowing costs increase, which can dampen demand for homes. If the IRB rate is increased, it could potentially lead to an increase in mortgage rates, making it more expensive for individuals to borrow and reducing the demand for homes. Therefore, an increase in the IRB rate would likely decrease the demand for homes (D).
3. Investment Levels: The IRB rate can also influence investment levels. When interest rates are low, borrowing costs for businesses decrease, making it more attractive to invest in new projects, equipment, and other capital expenditures. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the cost of borrowing increases, which can discourage investment. If the IRB rate is increased, it could lead to higher borrowing costs for businesses, potentially reducing their willingness to invest. Therefore, an increase in the IRB rate would likely decrease investment levels (D).
Overall, if the action taken on the IRB rate is an increase, it would likely lead to an increase in the Federal Funds Rate (I), a decrease in the demand for homes (D), and a decrease in investment levels (D). It's important to note that the actual impact may vary depending on other economic factors and market conditions.
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The major approaches to SEO can be divided into
1. Graphic and textual techniques.
2. Crawlability and engineering techniques.
3. Meta and virtual techniques.
4. On-page and off-page techniques.
5. None of the above.
The major approaches to SEO can be divided into on-page and off-page techniques. The correct answer is 4, On-page and off-page techniques.
The major approaches to SEO (Search Engine Optimization) are focused on improving a website's visibility and ranking in search engine results. These approaches can be broadly categorized into on-page and off-page techniques.
On-page techniques refer to optimizing the elements within a website itself to make it more search engine friendly. This includes optimizing the website's content, meta tags, headings, URLs, and internal linking structure.
On-page techniques aim to improve the relevance and quality of the website's content and make it easier for search engines to understand and index.
Off-page techniques, on the other hand, involve activities that take place outside of the website but contribute to its search engine ranking. This includes building high-quality backlinks from other websites, social media promotion, online reputation management, and influencer marketing.
Off-page techniques focus on increasing the website's authority, credibility, and popularity in the eyes of search engines.
Therefore, the correct categorization of the major approaches to SEO is on-page and off-page techniques, as stated in option 4. The other options listed (graphic and textual techniques, crawlability and engineering techniques, meta and virtual techniques) do not comprehensively capture the main strategies used in SEO.
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Part 2: Short Answers, Graphing 1. The Fed decreases the money supply. (a) Explain the long-run effects of this policy. Use a diagram of the market for money to support your explanation (6) Explain the long-run effects of this policy using the quantity equation. (c) An economist says the decrease in money supply made by the Fed was a good decision because it set the inflation rate equal to the negative of the real interest rate. Explain the logic behind this argument. (a) is the previous economist necessarily right, or are there any costs associated to decreasing the quantity of money?
a. The long-run effects of the Fed's decrease in the money supply may be explained in terms of the market for money.
The diagram of the money market is presented below:Here, the vertical axis denotes the nominal interest rate, while the horizontal axis denotes the quantity of money. The supply of money is a vertical straight line as it is fixed by the Fed. When the Fed decreases the money supply, the supply curve shifts to the left to MS1 from MS. This raises the nominal interest rate from R to R1. The increase in the nominal interest rate reduces the demand for money from D to D1.
This lowers the quantity of money demanded from Q to Q1.The nominal interest rate adjusts to balance the supply and demand for money in the market. In the long run, a decrease in the money supply would result in a decrease in the price level, as indicated by the quantity equation.b.
The Quantity Theory of Money Equation is: MV = PYHere, M denotes the quantity of money, V denotes the velocity of money, P denotes the price level, and Y denotes real GDP.When the Fed decreases the money supply, M falls. V, P, and Y remain constant. Thus, MV falls. Since MV = PY, the price level falls.
Thus, a decrease in the money supply reduces the price level in the long run.c. The economist's argument is based on the Fisher Equation:i = r + πHere, i denotes the nominal interest rate, r denotes the real interest rate, and π denotes the inflation rate.The decrease in the money supply increases the nominal interest rate in the short run, as explained in (a).
According to the Fisher Equation, the nominal interest rate can be divided into the real interest rate and the inflation rate. Therefore, a rise in the nominal interest rate implies a rise in either the real interest rate or the inflation rate, or both.Since the decrease in the money supply reduces the price level, as explained in (b), the inflation rate becomes negative.
Therefore, the Fisher Equation implies that the real interest rate equals the negative of the inflation rate. Hence, the economist argues that the Fed's decrease in the money supply was a good decision because it set the inflation rate equal to the negative of the real interest rate.
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11. Break even sales in dollar X P/V Ratio = Fixed cost. True False
12. Variable cost per unit remains fixed. True False
13. Cost volume profit analysis assumes that sales volume does not change. True False
14. Profit is the difference between sales and contribution. True False
15. At break-even point, fixed cost is equal to contribution. □ True False
16. When standard cost is more than actual cost, it is called a Favorable variance. True False
17. Cost unit and cost center have same meaning. True False
18. Standard costing is technique of profit planning. True False
19. The most important purpose of standard costing is to control costs. True False
20. Material price variance arises due to reasons like inefficient purchase and change in market pri- True False
11. True: P/V ratio can be used to calculate the breakeven point by multiplying it with the breakeven sales in dollars.
12. False: Variable cost per unit can change with the level of production.
13. False: Cost-volume-profit analysis assumes that sales volume can change.
14. False: Contribution covers fixed costs, and profit is the remaining amount.
15. True: At the breakeven point, fixed costs are equal to the contribution margin.
16. False: Favorable variance occurs when the actual cost is less than the standard cost.
17. False: Cost unit refers to the unit for which cost is calculated, while a cost center incurs costs but does not produce products.
18. True: Standard costing is used in profit planning, budgetary control, and setting performance standards.
19. True: The main objective of standard costing is cost control and performance evaluation.
20. True: Material price variance can arise from factors such as inefficient purchasing or changes in market price or material quality.
11. True
P/V ratio is used to determine how much profit the company will make after the fixed costs are paid. The breakeven point is when the profits of the company are zero. P/V ratio = (Contribution/Sales) × 100 or (Sales-Variable costs) / Sales. The calculation can be used to determine the sales required to reach the breakeven point in dollar.11. Break even sales in dollar X P/V Ratio = Fixed cost. True12. False Variable cost per unit can change when the number of units produced changes. It is the cost of labor and material that varies with the level of production.13. FalseCost-volume-profit analysis is used to study the relationship between sales revenue, variable costs, fixed costs, and profits. It examines the effect of changes in volume on revenue and cost. It assumes that sales volume can change.14. FalseContribution is the difference between the sales and variable costs. The contribution is used to cover the fixed costs of the company, and the profit is the leftover amount.15. TrueAt the break-even point, the fixed costs of the company are equal to the contribution margin.16. FalseWhen the actual cost is less than the standard cost, it is called a favorable variance.17. FalseCost unit refers to the unit of product for which cost is calculated. A cost center is a unit of an organization that incurs costs but does not produce products.18. TrueStandard costing is a technique used in profit planning, budgetary control, and setting performance standards.19. TrueThe main objective of standard costing is to control costs. It involves setting standards for various expenses, and comparing actual performance against them.20. True Material price variance arises due to reasons like inefficient purchase, change in market price, or change in the quality of material purchased. True.
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Company M’s cash flows from operations before interest and
taxes was $2 million in the year just ended, and
it expects that this will grow by 5% per year
forever. To make this happen, the firm will
Given that Company M’s cash flows from operations before interest and taxes was $2 million in the year just ended, and it expects that this will grow by 5% tax per year forever.To make this happen, the firm will have to take the following measures.
Company M can reduce its costs by optimizing its operations. It may include reducing unnecessary expenses such as rent, travel, marketing expenses, or staffing and training. Reducing costs can help the company increase its cash flow and improve its bottom line. It may also provide Company M with more flexibility.
To invest in growth opportunities such as acquiring a new business, expanding its product line, or entering new markets. Improve efficiency: Improving efficiency can help the company reduce its operational costs, improve quality, and increase output. It may involve streamlining its processes, adopting new technologies, or improving its supply chain management. By improving efficiency, Company M can increase its cash flow and profitability.Expand its customer base: By expanding its customer base, Company M can increase its revenue and cash flow. It may involve entering new markets, introducing new products or services, or investing in marketing and sales.
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Promotion of Championship Fight
Newspaper accounts of a middle-weight boxing match stated that each fighter would
receive a flat fee of $3 million in cash. The fight would be shown on closed-circuit tele-
vision. The central promotor, Donald Prince, would collect 100% of the receipts and
would return 30% to the individual local promoters. Prince expected to sell 1.1 million
seats at a net average price of $13 each. Prince was also to receive $300,000 from
Madison Square Garden (which had sold out its 19,500 seats, ranging from $150 for
ringside down to $20, for a gross revenue of $1.25 million); Prince would not share the
$300,000 with the local promoters,
Required
1. Donald Prince is trying to decide what amount to spend for advertising. What is the
most Prince could spend and still break even on overall operations, assuming sales
of 1.1 million tickets?
2. If Prince desired an operating income of $500,000, how many seats would have to be
sold? Assume that the average price was $13 and the total fixed costs were $8 million.
1. To determine the maximum amount Donald Prince could spend on advertising and still break even on overall operations, we need to calculate the total revenue and total costs.
Total Revenue:
Number of seats sold = 1.1 million
Net average price per seat = $13
Total revenue from ticket sales = Number of seats sold × Net average price per seat
Total Costs:
Flat fee paid to each fighter = $3 million (2 fighters)
Amount received from Madison Square Garden = $300,000
Amount returned to local promoters = 30% of total receipts
Advertising cost = ???
Break-Even Analysis:
Total Revenue - Total Costs = 0
Now we can calculate the maximum advertising cost:
Total Revenue = Total Costs
(Number of seats sold × Net average price per seat) - [(Flat fee per fighter × 2) + Amount received from Madison Square Garden + (Total receipts × 30% returned to local promoters) + Advertising cost] = 0
Solving the equation above will give us the maximum amount Prince could spend on advertising and still break even.
2. To calculate the number of seats that need to be sold for Prince to achieve an operating income of $500,000, we need to consider the total revenue, total costs, and the desired operating income.
Total Revenue:
Number of seats sold = ???
Net average price per seat = $13
Total revenue from ticket sales = Number of seats sold × Net average price per seat
Total Costs:
Flat fee paid to each fighter = $3 million (2 fighters)
Amount received from Madison Square Garden = $300,000
Amount returned to local promoters = 30% of total receipts
Advertising cost = ???
Total fixed costs = $8 million
Operating Income:
Total Revenue - Total Costs = Operating Income
We can rearrange the equation to solve for the number of seats sold:
(Number of seats sold × Net average price per seat) - [(Flat fee per fighter × 2) + Amount received from Madison Square Garden + (Total receipts × 30% returned to local promoters) + Advertising cost] - Total fixed costs = Operating Income
Solving the equation above will give us the number of seats that need to be sold for Prince to achieve an operating income of $500,000.
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You would like to invest $26,400 for one year and are considering two options. Investment A will earn interest at a rate of 8 percent compounded monthly. Investment B will earn interest at a rate of 9 percent compounded annually. (Hint: Consider one year only.)
Required:
a. What will be the value of Investment A?
Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.
b. What will be the value of Investment B?
Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.
c. Which investment would you prefer solely based on the value of investment?
a. The value of Investment A is approximately $28,483.22.
This is calculated using the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt),
where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
For Investment A, the principal amount is $26,400, the annual interest rate is 8% (or 0.08), the compounding is monthly (n = 12), and the time period is one year (t = 1).
b. The value of Investment B is approximately $28,716.
This is calculated using the same formula as above but with different parameters.
For Investment B, the principal amount is $26,400, the annual interest rate is 9% (or 0.09), the compounding is annual (n = 1), and the time period is one year (t = 1).
c. Based solely on the value of the investment, Investment B is preferred as it has a higher final amount of approximately $28,716 compared to Investment A, which has a final amount of approximately $28,483.
However, other factors such as the terms, conditions, and associated risks of the investments should also be considered when making an investment decision.
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How much will $3,500 invested at the end of each year grow to in 3 years, assuming an interest rate of 10% compounded annually? (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, and PVA of $1). (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)
A. $10,185
B. $13,976
C. $10,500
D. $11,585
The correct answer is A. $10,185. The investment of $3,500 will grow to $10,185 in 3 years, assuming an interest rate of 10% compounded annually
To calculate the future value of $3,500 invested at the end of each year for 3 years, compounded annually at an interest rate of 10%, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
In this case, P (annual investment amount) is $3,500, r (interest rate) is 10%, and n (number of years) is 3. Plugging in these values into the formula, we get:
FV = $3,500 * [(1 + 0.10)^3 - 1] / 0.10 = $10,185
Therefore, the investment of $3,500 will grow to $10,185 in 3 years, assuming an interest rate of 10% compounded annually.
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Illustrate and explain how profit or loss is closed if the
organisaction structure of JB Sports is a company instead of small
proprietorship? (3 mark)
In a company structure, the process of closing profit or loss is slightly different compared to a small proprietorship. The company follows a formal procedure to close the profit or loss by transferring the balance to various accounts, such as retained earnings, dividends, and income summary.
In a company structure, the profit or loss is closed by following these steps:
1. Income Summary: The revenue and expense accounts are closed by transferring their balances to the income summary account. The revenue accounts are debited, and the expense accounts are credited.
2. Income Summary to Retained Earnings: The balance in the income summary account is then transferred to the retained earnings account. If there is a profit, the income summary is credited, and if there is a loss, it is debited.
3. Dividends: If the company decides to distribute dividends to its shareholders, the dividends account is debited, and the retained earnings account is credited.
By following these steps, the profit or loss for the period is closed and properly recorded in the company's financial statements. This allows for accurate reporting of the company's financial performance and helps in making informed decisions regarding the distribution of profits and future investments.
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Discuss a behavior change you are considering and/or have already made. Please outline your beliefs, thinking, & actions for each of the stages of change as they apply. Make certain to reference each stage in your process of change.
pre-contemplative
contemplative
preparation
action
maintenance &
relapse prevention.
Behavior change is an alteration in actions or habits. Changing one's behavior requires effort, commitment, and time. As per the given prompt, I will discuss the behavior change that I have already made.
Below is the behavior change I have made with the reference of each stage of change as mentioned:
Behavior Change: Reduce the amount of sugar intake.
Stage 1: Pre-contemplativeIn the pre-contemplative stage, the individual is unaware of the problem and not motivated to change. They are not aware of the unhealthy consequences of their behavior. In my case, my sugar intake was high, but I was not motivated to reduce it because I wasn't aware of the effects it could have on my body.
Stage 2: ContemplativeIn this stage, the individual becomes aware of the problem and starts contemplating making a change. In my case, I started to think about the consequences of my sugar intake. I was concerned about my health and knew that reducing my sugar intake was the right thing to do.
Stage 3: PreparationIn the preparation stage, the individual decides to make a change and prepares to take action. In my case, I decided to reduce my sugar intake. I started to research ways to reduce sugar and made a list of things I could do.
Stage 4: ActionIn this stage, the individual takes action to make a change. In my case, I started to reduce my sugar intake. I started to read food labels and cut out sugary snacks. I also started to make healthier choices, such as drinking more water and eating more fruits and vegetables.
Stage 5: Maintenance & Relapse PreventionIn the maintenance stage, the individual has successfully made the change and is committed to maintaining the new behavior.
In my case, I have successfully reduced my sugar intake, and I am committed to maintaining this new behavior. I continue to read food labels and make healthier choices. I have also identified potential triggers that may lead to a relapse, such as stress, and have put in place strategies to prevent a relapse.
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Question 11 1 points Save Answer CASE: Batelco, STC and Zain are the largest internet providers in Bahrain and are known as the "Big Three". These companies always compete and make sure their products, prices, and services are always the same or better than each other. QUESTION: What type of market are those companies involved in?
The companies that are known as the "Big Three" in Bahrain and always compete to make sure their products, prices, and services are the same or better than each other are involved in an oligopoly market.
An oligopoly is a market system in which a few big businesses control a large portion of the market share, typically 70% or more. The "Big Three" in Bahrain is an example of an oligopoly market since there are just three businesses that account for a significant percentage of the market share. Because of their high market share, these companies can work together to impact pricing and market outcomes.
There are a few characteristics that define an oligopoly market structure, such as Interdependence - Companies in an oligopoly market are aware of each other's pricing policies, advertising strategies, and quality of products. Mutual Interdependence - Any actions taken by one company in an oligopoly market will have an impact on its competitors. Barriers to entry - New businesses in an oligopoly market face significant obstacles to entry, making it tough to enter the market.Large market share - Oligopolies are typically characterized by a small number of businesses controlling a sizable portion of the market share.Similar or homogeneous products - Products sold by businesses in an oligopoly market are usually identical or very similar, making it hard to differentiate between them.
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There are three elements of Internal Control System: Environment
control, Accounting system, and Control procedure. Which one(s) do
you believe was/were lacking in the Wells Fargo frauds?
Answer:
The Wells Fargo scandal was a result of a lack of internal controls. The bank had a weak control environment that allowed employees to engage in fraudulent activities without detection. The accounting system was also lacking as it did not provide adequate checks and balances to prevent fraud. Additionally, the control procedures were not effective in detecting and preventing fraudulent activities. The bank's incentive structure also encouraged employees to engage in fraudulent activities.
The Wells Fargo fraud case is an example of a failure of internal controls. The main reason for the Wells Fargo Fraud is the failure of the internal control system, which led to unethical behaviors like opening new accounts for customers without their knowledge or approval.
The controls environment, accounting system, and control procedures are the three main elements of internal control systems. To know which one was lacking in the Wells Fargo fraud case, we have to examine each element of the internal control system. An accounting system is a set of procedures and records that a company uses to maintain its financial records. It includes methods for tracking financial transactions, recording expenses and revenues, preparing financial statements, and analyzing financial data.
In the case of Wells Fargo, the accounting system was faulty. There was a lack of proper oversight of employees who were opening new accounts for customers without their knowledge or approval. Examples of control procedures include segregation of duties, physical controls, and access controls. In the case of Wells Fargo, there was a lack of adequate control procedures to monitor employees' activities. For instance, there were no proper checks and balances to detect fraudulent activities like opening new accounts for customers without their knowledge or approval. Hence, the lack of control procedures was a major contributor to the Wells Fargo fraud case.
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(Interest rate determination) You're looking at some corporate bonds issued by Ford, and you are trying to determine what the nominal interest rate should be on them. You have determined that the real risk-free interest rate is 3.0%, and this rate is expected to continue on into the future without any change. In addition, inflation is expected to be constant over the future at a rate of 3.0%. The default-risk premium is also expected to remain constant at a rate of 1.5%, and the liquidity-risk premium is very small for Ford bonds, only about 0.02%. The maturity-risk premium is dependent upon how many years the bond has to maturity. The maturity-risk premiums are shown in the popup window Given this information, what should the nominal rate of interest on Ford bonds maturing in 0-1 year, 1-2 years, 2-3 years, and 3-4 years be? CZE The nominal rate of interest on Ford bonds maturing in 0-1 year should be % (Round to two decimal places) Data table BOND MATURES IN: MATURITY-RISK PREMIUM: 0-1 year 0.07% 1-2 years 0.35% 2-3 years 0.70% 3-4 years 1.00% Click on the icon located on the top-right corner of the data table in order to copy its contents into a spreadsheet.
Nominal interest rate refers to the actual interest rate on a debt that must be paid to the lender and depends on various factors. Nominal interest rate is calculated by adding the real risk-free rate and the premium that compensates the risk involved in the investment.
Given data:Real risk-free interest rate= 3.0% Inflation rate= 3.0% Default-risk premium= 1.5%Liquidity-risk premium= 0.02%Table showing the maturity-risk premium for Ford bonds:The nominal interest rate for Ford bonds maturing in 0-1 year, 1-2 years, 2-3 years, and 3-4 years is calculated as follows:Nominal interest rate on Ford bonds maturing in 0-1 year= Real risk-free rate + Inflation rate + Default-risk premium + Maturity-risk premium= 3.0% + 3.0% + 1.5% + 0.07%= 7.57%Nominal interest rate on Ford bonds maturing in 1-2 years= Real risk-free rate + Inflation rate + Default-risk premium + Maturity-risk premium= 3.0% + 3.0% + 1.5% + 0.35%= 7.85% Nominal interest rate on Ford bonds maturing in 2-3 years= Real risk-free rate + Inflation rate + Default-risk premium + Maturity-risk premium= 3.0% + 3.0% + 1.5% + 0.70%= 8.20%Nominal interest rate on Ford bonds maturing in 3-4 years= Real risk-free rate + Inflation rate + Default-risk premium + Maturity-risk premium= 3.0% + 3.0% + 1.5% + 1.00%= 8.50%
Therefore, the nominal interest rate on Ford bonds maturing in 0-1 year is 7.57%, in 1-2 years is 7.85%, in 2-3 years is 8.20%, and in 3-4 years is 8.50%.
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