Biology High School

the process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is

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Answer 1

The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is called uncoating.

Uncoating is a crucial step in the viral replication cycle, particularly for enveloped viruses. After a virus enters a host cell, it needs to release its genetic material (nucleic acid) in order to initiate replication and hijack the host's cellular machinery.

During uncoating, the viral envelope, if present, is typically disrupted by fusion with the host cell's membrane or by receptor-mediated endocytosis. This allows the virus to enter the host cell cytoplasm. Subsequently, the viral capsid, which is the protein shell surrounding the nucleic acid, is disassembled or degraded, releasing the viral genome. The released viral nucleic acid can then proceed to replicate and generate new viral particles within the host cell.

Uncoating is a critical step in viral infection as it allows the viral genetic material to be accessed and utilized by the host cell. Different viruses may employ various mechanisms for uncoating, depending on their specific characteristics and interaction with host cells.

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