The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time makes up that population's gene pool.
Gene Pool:A gene pool is a collection of all the genes (including alleles) found in a population or species that is capable of reproduction. A big gene pool has a wide range of genetic diversity and is more resilient to environmental stresses. This could be any population, such as pond frogs, woodland trees, or town residents.
In order to analyze the genetic variation of a population, the gene pool must be identified. A population has a higher likelihood of obtaining features that increase its biological fitness and the chance of survival the more genetically varied it is.
As a single species, humans can interbreed with one another anywhere on Earth. Therefore, each allele of the approximately 19,000–20,000 human genes in our genome makes up the human gene pool.
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The genetic recombination of ________ caused massive, widespread epidemics that affected the global human population several times in the twentieth century.
The genetic recombination of human influenza A caused massive, widespread epidemics that affected the global human population several times in the twentieth century.
What is influenza ?Influenza is a disease caused by virus which is contagious.It is different from a normal cold as it shows severe symptoms than flu.
Influenza is caused by influenza virus and people get infected when they breathe in tiny airborne droplets from the cough or sneezes of infected person.
Outbreaks of influenza A virus occurred in twentieth century.During 1918 influenza pandemic was the most dangerous pandemic.
Therefore, the genetic recombination of human influenza A caused massive, widespread epidemics that affected the global human population several times in the twentieth century.
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An important tool of genetic engineering is ________ dna, which is dna altered by the incorporation of genes from a different organism.
An important tool of genetic engineering is recombinant DNA, which is DNA altered by the incorporation of genes from a different organism.
The modification and manipulation of an organism's genes through technology are known as genetic engineering, often referred to as genetic modification or genetic manipulation. It is a collection of technologies used to alter cells' genetic make-up, including the movement of genes between and within species to create better or entirely new organisms.
Recombinant DNA techniques are used to isolate and copy the genetic material of interest, while artificial DNA synthesis is used to create new DNA. Paul Berg combined DNA from the lambda virus and the SV40 monkey virus in 1972 to create the first recombinant DNA molecule.
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What are the two major modes of glycolysis and what is the purpose of each mode?
The two major modes of glycolysis are aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis.
Glycolysis is the method by which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Both anaerobic and aerobic conditions can result in glycolysis.
Pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions and proceeds through oxidative phosphorylation, which results in the net synthesis of 32 ATP molecules. Pyruvate is converted to lactate in anaerobic conditions by anaerobic glycolysis. During anaerobic respiration, two ATP molecules are produced.
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The way that neurons communicate is through _____________ _________________ which release _________________ .
The way that neurons communicate is through synaptic vesicles which release neurotransmitters.
What are Neurons?The neurons are the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
These neurons are able to communicate to each other through the neurotransmitters that are released by synaptic vesicles.
The neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that carry chemical signals from one neuron to another upon the generation of an action potential.
The synaptic vesicles are the organelles that house these neurotransmitters.
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URGENT!!! How does body weight affect bone density?
Answer:
Explanation: Body weight is directly associated with bone mineral density (BMD). A low body mass index (BMI) has been identified as an important risk factor for lower BMD and predicts greater bone loss in older age (118, 138) and in younger persons in the absence of menses and/or an eating disorder (113).
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PLEASE HELP:
Lungs take in and release air.
Which statement about lungs shows how structure is related to function?
A. Lungs are large and spongy.
B. Lungs are small and spongy.
C. Lungs are large and rigid.
D. Lungs are small and hollow.
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
as I read the statement I could easily imagine a small hollow bag like thing. for imaginig spongy shape I might need more details and taking in and releasing out makes imagine something a pump or similiar.
The statement that shows how structure is related to function in lungs is option A, "Lungs are large and spongy."
What is the structure of lungs?The large size and spongy texture of lungs provide a large surface area for gas exchange to occur. The alveoli, tiny air sacs within the lungs, are where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream.
The spongy texture of lungs allows for the expansion and contraction needed to facilitate breathing, as well as the movement of air into and out of the alveoli. Therefore, the size and texture of the lungs are important features that enable them to carry out their critical functions of taking in and releasing air.
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Do pregnant women eat the same food as builders. backup ur answer/reason
Answer:
no they don"t they eat different food
Explanation:
they eat different food that they are craving
If an individual is heterozygous for two traits how many types of gametes can be produced?
if a individual is heterozygous for 2 traits then it will have 4 gametes
[tex]gametes = 2 {}^{n} \\ gametes = {2}^{2} \\ gametes = 4 \: types[/tex]
A prolonged period of drinking alcohol may result in damage to the ______ whereby formerly healthy cells are replaced with scar tissue.
Answer:
liver
Explanation:
prolonged abuse of alcohol disrupts the regeneration of liver cells leading to scar tissue (cirrhosis).
provide a brief description of the environment you are living in and suggest various measures to make it a sustainable environment (chapter 15 our environment)
The various measures that can make your environment a sustainable environment is the use of renewable energy and recycling of materials.
What is environmental sustainability?Environmental sustainability is defined as the controlled way human beings Interact with their immediate environment in such a way that depletion or degradation of natural resources is avoided.
Examples of environmental sustainability include the following:
Renewable energy, such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, and biomass.Recycling of metals, such as iron and steel, and minerals.Crop rotation.Cover crops.Selective logging.The environmental sustainability is important due to the following:
Increased energy, food and human-made resources we use every day.Rapid increase in population growth farming and manufacturing, which can lead to more greenhouse gas emissions, unsustainable energy use, and deforestation.Learn more about pollution here:
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What is an Electrocardiogram used for?
Electrocardiogram is simply used to
help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the heart
So therefore, electrocardiogram is used to check your heart's rhythm and electrical activity
What is electrocardiogram?An electrocardiogram (ECG) simply refers to a test that can be used to check your heart's rhythm and electrical activity.
Electrocardiogram is simply used to
help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the heart
So therefore, electrocardiogram is simply used to help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the heart
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What term refers to the double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic code and is a main component of chromosomes?
The double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic code and is a main component of chromosomes is Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, the genetic material necessary for an organism's growth and operation.
The structure of DNA is a double-stranded, which is made up of two connected strands that loop around one another to resemble a twisted ladder. Deoxyribose and phosphate groups alternately form the backbone of each strand. One of the four bases—adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine—is joined to each sugar (T). Adenine forms chemical bonds with thymine, while cytosine forms chemical bonds with guanine to join the two strands together. A protein or RNA molecule's construction instructions are among the biological information encoded by the nucleotide sequence along the DNA backbone.
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Which component of the urinary system is more lateral the left kidney or the urinary bladder?
The left kidney is more lateral than urinary bladder.
The directional terms help in determining the position of the joints with respect to the attachment to the body. the kidney is laterally placed while the bladder is in the midline of the body.Directional language is used to describe the locations of body limbs with respect to other structures or parts of the body.
• To denote if a limb is placed upwards in the body near the head, the word superior or cranial is used. For example, the hand is a part of superior limbs i.e., its near the head.
• To denote if a limb is placed far from the head the words inferior or subordinate: (for example, the foot is inferior to the head)
• To denote if a limb is placed at the front, Frontal or Anterior is used (for example, the kneecap is frontal to the body)
• To denote if a limb is placed at the back, words back, posterior, or dorsal are used (for example, the shoulder blades and the collar bones)
• To denote if a limb is placed referring to the midline of the body or in its direction the word medial is used (for example, the middle toe with respect to foot).
• To denote if a limb is placed distant from the body's midline, the word lateral is used. For instance, the little toe is lateral to the midline of the body)
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As electrons fall from photosystem ii to photosystem i, the cytochrome complex uses the energy to pump ions. this builds a proton gradient that is used in chemiosmosis to produce what molecule?
As electrons fall from photosystem ii to photosystem i, the cytochrome complex uses the energy to pump ions. this builds a proton gradient that is used in chemiosmosis to produce ATP.
In plants and cyanobacteria, a two-step mechanism known as noncyclic photophosphorylation results in the direct production of ATP and NADPH during photosynthesis. High-energy electrons exiting photosystem II are used in the noncyclic photophosphorylation process just outlined to produce ATP, which is then transferred to photosystem I to promote the creation of NADPH.
For every pair of electrons that move from H2O to NADP+ to create a molecule of NADPH, this results in the production of slightly more than one molecule of ATP.
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What factors would change during a pregnancy if the hormone progesterone were reduced or withdrawn?
If the hormone progesterone were reduced or withdrawn the uterus would contract more and peristalsis would increase.
Progesterone levels are generally high during pregnancy. The changes in progesterone cause a laxity or loosening of ligaments and joints throughout the body. In addition, high levels of progesterone cause internal structures to increase in size, such as the ureters. In normal pregnancies, at about seven weeks the placenta will make all the progesterone needed for a woman to stay pregnant. Progesterone plays an important role in the development of the fetus it also helps in growth of maternal breast tissue ,facilitate lactation, and strengthens the pelvic wall muscles in preparation for labor.
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Leptin acts as a hormone, primarily in the ________.
a. pancreas
b. hypothalamus
c. intestines
d. liver
e. hippocampus
Answer:
b. hypothalamus
What are the properties of toxicants that are likely to build up in animals through bioaccumulation?
Non - biodegradable and lipid soluble are the properties of toxic-ant that are likely to build up in animals through bio-accumulation.
In this chemical such as PCSs, DDT , dioxins, and mercury are all persistent chemicals. Because they don't break down and go away , these chemicals are problems . Toxicants that travels through the environment mainly by means of air and water .
Bio-accumulation is the toxic-ant which buildup the tissues of an animals. Bio-magnification is when toxins moves higher concentrations as they move to higher tropic levels. Toxicity is associated with the bio-accumulation and bio-magnification and storage of metals faster than the rate at which an organism metabolizes and excretes lead to the accumulation of that metal.
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When will there be 2,560 bacteria in the dish?
a) 40 minutes
b) 1 hour 20 minutes
c) 2 hours 40 minutes
d) 3 hours
Calculation :
It is given that in the start there are 5 bacteria and it keeps doubling after every 20 minutes we have to find the number of bacteria after 4 hours
4 hours = 240 minutes
⇒ Number of times the bacteria have doubled = 240÷20 = 12 times
It means the bacteria have doubled by 12 times
⇒Total bacteria = 5×2¹²= 20480
The time when there will be 2560 bacteria
⇒ the bacteria had doubled 9 times to reach the mark of 2560
so total time = 9 ×20= 180 minutes = 3 hours
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Question: There are 5 bacteria in a Petri dish at the start of the experiment. This type of bacteria doubles every 20 minutes
Find the number of bacteria after 4 hours When will there be 2560 bacteria in the dish?Scientists contend that humans and modern apes are related. What specifically does that mean?.
Assuming that you followed the parentage of people and primates, you would sooner or later show up at a common precursor that was neither a cutting edge ape nor a human.
What makes humans different from other Apes?People have an "S" shapes spine with a more limited straight firm more extensive more bowl-like pelvis. While Apes have a "C" formed spine and an introvert restricted pelvis.People knees are calculated inwards (valgus point - the point the femur makes at the knee) so the knee sits closer the focal point of gravity. The knee joints are bigger.Individuals have considerably more mind boggling types of verbal correspondence than some other primate species. We are the main creature to make and involve images for the purpose of correspondence. We additionally have more changed and complex social associations.To learn more about humans and apes from the given link
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For every one nadh molecule oxidized at complex i, how many total hydrogen ions are pumped across all of the complexes from the mitochondrial matrix to the inner membrane space?.
For every one NADH molecule oxidized at complex I, 10 HYDROGEN IONS are pumped across all of the complexes from the mitochondrial matrix to the inner membrane space
Cellular respiration has three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
What is Oxidative phosphorylation ?During oxidative phosphorylation, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) helps to carry electrons from one reaction to another across a series of molecular complexes.
The electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation is coupled to the generation of an electrochemical proton (H+) gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane.Subsequently, this proton H+ gradient is then used to produce ATP by an ATP synthetase.Learn more about Oxidative phosphorylation here:
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Which nerve is responsible for taste as well as salivation in the anterior oral cavity?
The chorda tympani gives a taste sensation. Salivation in response to oral food is based on visceral reflex arcs within the facial or glossopharyngeal nerve.
The chorda tympani gives taste sensation whereas glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for mouth salivation.
The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands are innervated by preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers that are carried via the chorda tympani, which also gives taste sensation from the front 2/3 of the tongue. There are two cranial nerves that innervate the tongue and are used for taste: the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) and the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX).
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Different nutrients become incorporated into the cell. What becomes part of the cell membrane?
A. Fats and Carbohydrates
B. Amino Acids and Carbohydrates
C. Proteins and Fats
D. Proteins and Water
abc or d with a simple explanation
Answer: B
Explanation:
The parts that are part of the cell membrane are Proteins and Fats. The correct option is C.
What is a cell membrane?The cell membrane is the outer covering of the cell that separates the internal cell from the outer environment. A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane.
The cell membrane is made up of two components, they are proteins and fats. Fats have hydrophobic ends that do not dissolve in water, and they give strength to the membrane.
Protein is of two types that are present in the cell membrane. They are integral membrane protein, which is present permanently, and peripheral membrane protein, which is present at some point in the membrane.
Thus, the correct option is C. Proteins and Fats.
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A structure consisting of proteins and looped dna in a repeated pattern is known as a:_________
A structure of protein and looped DNA in a repeated pattern is known as nucleosomes.
What are nucleosomes?Nucleosomes are a structure of DNA looped around histone proteins. This connection is histone and proteins makes sure of the compact nature of DNA in all eukaryotic cells.
Histone proteins are basic positively charged proteins. These histone proteins prevent DNA damage and also aid in DNA replication.
Eight positively charged histone protein molecules at the centre of the looped DNA are called histone octamers. Two copies of the four core histone proteins i.e H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 are present in a histone octamer. Negatively charged DNA readily surrounds the positively charged histone proteins to form the nucleosome.
Therefore, the structure of proteins and looped DNA in a repeated pattern is known as nucleosomes.
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What is the major advantage or advantages of bones undergoing continual remodeling?
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Explanation:
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Why does venous return from the distal arm travels in the superficial veins and those veins tend to bulge superficially in a person who is working out?
Blood distribution is adjusted by a short-term neural control mechanism to meet specific demands. During working out, the hypothalamus signals for reduced vasomotor stimulation of the skin vessels. Blood moves into the capillary veins, and heat radiates from the skin to reduce body temperature.
VeinsAll over your body, veins are blood vessels that collect blood with low oxygen content and send it back to your heart. Your circulatory system includes your veins. They cooperate with your heart, other blood vessels, and other organs to maintain blood flow. Most of your body's blood is stored in veins. Your veins actually contain around 75% of your blood. Veins have two basic functions. One function is to gather blood that is low in oxygen throughout your body and transport it back to your heart. The other function is to transport blood that is rich in oxygen from your lungs to your heart. Only during this process do veins transport oxygen-rich blood.
Why does venous return from the distal arm travels in the superficial veins and those veins tend to bulge superficially in a person who is working out?
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A protein that interferes with the ability of a virus to replicate inside a host cell is?
Interferon is the protein which interferes with the ability of a virus to be able to replicate inside a host's cell.
Interferon is a type of a protein which is secreted by the host in response to the viruses which the body encounters. They belong to a class of proteins which are known as cytokines.
When a cell gets infected with virus, it releases interferons. The interferons are able to activate the cells of the immune system like macrophages and the natural killer cells This causes the nearby cells to increase their anti-viral defenses. This helps in the protection of unaffected cells from viral infection.
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To which hemisphere of the brain would the signals go when light reflects off an object and stimulates the retina of the region of the left eyeball closest to the nose?
When light reflects off an object and stimulates the retina of region of left eyeball closest to the nose, the signals would go to the right hemisphere of the brain.
The arrangement of human brain is in a way that the left part of our body is controlled by the right hemisphere and the right part of the body is controlled by the left hemisphere. However, the eye functions a bit different from the specified general phenomenon.
Both the halves of the brain receive information from each eye.
The objects seen by our left eye is sensed by the right half of our left eye and the information is sent to the right hemisphere.
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The anterior pituitary receives hypothalamic input through the portal blood supply. what is the advantage of this type of anatomical relationship?
The advantage of this type of anatomical relationship is that this enables the pituitary to receive signals before sending hormones to the rest of the body through the blood.
The anterior pituitary, a significant component of the endocrine system, is the glandular anterior lobe that, along with the posterior lobe (also known as the posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis), constitutes the pituitary gland (hypophysis).
Stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation are just a few of the physiological activities that the anterior pituitary controls.
Blood tests that assess hormone levels are frequently used to determine if the anterior pituitary and the organs it controls are functioning properly.
The hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal veins deliver hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones directly to the anterior pituitary gland.
Certain hormones from the hypothalamus bind to receptors on particular anterior pituitary cells, controlling how much of the hormone they generate is released.
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The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortes is?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex .
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, function by maintaining blood glucose levels during fasting, preparing the body during physical and emotional stress, preventing inflammation, and suppressing the immune system.
Glucocorticoids are secreted by the middle region of the adrenal cortex. The principal glucocorticoid is cortisol, which increases blood glucose levels. The third group of steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex is the gonadocorticoids, or sex hormones. These are secreted by the innermost region.
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For a given antibiotic, is there a difference in susceptibility between the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
For a given antibiotic, is there a difference in susceptibility between the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria due to the structure of their cell wall.
The cell wall of gram-positive bacteria consists of a single thick layer composed of peptidoglycans. On the other hand, the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is made up of three layers.
The first layer is the outer membrane, the second layer is the peptidoglycan layer and the third layer is the inner membrane made of phospholipid bilayer.
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is the mainly responsible for resistance to a wide range of antibiotics including β-lactams and other antibiotics.
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