3.14 Lab: Reconstruct Geologic History Assignment k12
In order to reconstruct Geologic History, geological principles must be used. Some of the principles of Geology used are:
Principle of SuperpositionPrinciple of HoriztonalityPrinciple of InclusionPrinciple of Contact MetamorphismPrinciple of Cross- Cu.tt.ing RelationsWhat are the definitions of the above principles?Principle of Superposition: In a given vertical arrangement of undisturbed sedimentary layers of the flow of lava, the oldest layers are usually the first from the bottom up and the youngest are the first from top down. [See Image A]
Horizontality: Usually rock sediments are first deposited in an approximately horizontal manner. Where deformations such as folds and tilts are observed, it is a result of deformation which comes after deposition.
Inclusion: All Inclusions that are not part of the rock formation are deemed to be older that the rock formation.
Metamorphism: A hot magma intrusion "bakes" the somewhat colder surrounding rock. The rock that is cooked during this Contact Metamorphism procedure must be older.
Cross- Cu.tt.ing Relations: If one geological feature cuts over another, the cut feature is older.
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How many Joules are needed to increase the temperature of 150 g of water from 313K to 338 K?
-18,037.5 are joules are needed to increase the temperature of 150 g of water from 313K to 338 K.
What is joules?
In the International System of Units (SI), a joule is a unit of work or energy equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through one metre. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule and equals 107 ergs, or about 0.7377 foot-pounds. The joule is equal to one watt-second in electrical terms, which is the amount of energy released in one second by a current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm.
The distinction between heat and temperature can be difficult to grasp. Heat is essentially the total amount of kinetic energy that a substance's molecules contain, and it is measured in joules (J). Temperature is measured in degrees and is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the individual molecules. When the same quantity of heat is applied to different materials, the temperature rises at varying rates depending on the substance's specific heat capacity. If you know the amount of the substance and its specific heat capacity, you may determine the final temperature.
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Oxygen has a low boiling point because there are
A weak covalent bonds between the oxygen atoms
B
weak covalent bonds between the oxygen molecules
C
weak forces of attraction between the oxygen atoms
D weak forces of attraction between the oxygen molecules
The intermolecular forces between the oxygen molecules are very weak because of which a very less amount of energy is required for the oxygen to evaporate into a gas. There is no H-bonding or dipole movement present in oxygen molecules because of which the forces binding the molecules are absent in oxygen.
hence your correct option should be D
A local AM radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 742 kHz.
Calculate the wavelength at which it is broadcasting.
Wavelength =
m
(1 kHz = 10 3 sec -1)
The wavelength of the wave is obtained as 0.4 m.
What is the wavelength of the broadcasting station?The wavelength has to do with the distance that have been covered by the wave. In this case, we can use the frequency of the wave that have been supplied in the question and the speed of light which is a constant to be able to obtain the wavelength of the wave.
Knowing that;
wavelength = speed of light/frequency
speed of light = 3 * 10^8 m/s
Frequency = 742 * 10^3 Hz
wavelength = 3 * 10^8 m/s/ 742 * 10^3 Hz
= 0.4 m
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Blimps, which frequently fly over sporting events, hold approximately 1.85×10^5 ft3 of helium.
Part A
If the gas is at 23 ∘C and 1.0 atm, what mass of helium is in the blimp?
Express the answer in kilograms to two significant figures.
The mass of the Helium that is produced is 860 Kg.
What is the mass of the Helium?We know that we must first be able to obtain the number of moles of the Helium gas from the ideal gas equation and that is the first step in our solution.
Thus we have;
Volume of the gas = 1.85×10^5 ft3 or 5.23 * 10^6 L
Temperature of the gas = 23 ∘C + 273 = 296 K
Pressure of the gas = 1.0 atm
Number of moles of the gas = ??
Gas constant = 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1
Then;
PV = nRT
P = pressure of the gas
V = volume of the gas
n = Number of moles of the gas
R = gas constant
T = temperature
n = PV/RT
n = 1.0 atm * 5.23 * 10^6 L/0.082 atmLK-1mol-1 * 296 K
n = 5.23 * 10^6/24.27
n = 2.15 * 10^5 moles
Mass of the Helium = 2.15 * 10^5 moles * 4 g/mol = 860 Kg
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The wavelength of a particular color of red light is 663 nm. ()
The frequency of this color is
The frequency of the color of red light that has a wavelength of 663nm is 4.52 × 10¹⁴Hz.
How to calculate frequency?Frequency of a wave is the quotient of the number of times (n) a periodic phenomenon occurs over the time (t) in which it occurs.
Wavelength is the length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next.
Wavelength is often designated in physics as λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency.
According to this question, the wavelength of a particular color of red light is 663nm. The frequency can be calculated as follows:
663 × 10-⁹ = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ f
f = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ 6.63 × 10-⁷
f = 4.52 × 10¹⁴Hz
Therefore, 4.52 × 10¹⁴Hz is the frequency of the color of the red light.
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A heat lamp produces 26.0 watts of power at a wavelength of 6.0 μm .
How many photons are emitted per second? (1 W=1 J/s.)
Express your answer to three significant figures.
The number of photons that is emitted per second is 7.9 * 10^18 photons per second.
What is the number of photons emitted?We know that the photons have to do with the particles of light that are in motion. Now, we know that the power that is being produced by the heat lamps have been obtained as 26.0 watts. It is also know that this could be written as 26 J/s.
We now have to find the energy of the photons;
Wavelength of the photons = 6.0 μm or 6 * 10^-6 m
Plank's constant = 6.6 * 10^-34 Js
Speed of light = 3 * 10^-10 m/s
Now, we have
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 3 * 10^-10 /6 * 10^-6
E = 3.3 * 10^- 18 J
We have;
26 J/s * 1 photon/ 3.3 * 10^- 18 J
= 7.9 * 10^18 photons per second.
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Complete the passage to describe how electrons are represented in electron dot diagrams.
The maximum number of dots an electron dot diagram can have is
. The maximum number of dots drawn on a side of a chemical symbol in an electron dot diagram is
.
The maximum number of dots an electron dot diagram can have is 8.
The maximum number of dots drawn on the side of a chemical symbol in an electron dot diagram is 2.
Electron dot diagramsThe electron dot diagrams is otherwise known as Lewis electron dot diagrams, Lewis structure, or simple Lewis diagram. It is a diagrammatic representation of the valence electrons of atoms using dots to represent electrons around the symbols of atoms.
The valence electron of an atom is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom. According to the rules, the first shell of an atom can take a maximum of 2 electrons while the remaining shells can take a maximum of 8 electrons each.
Atoms with 8 electrons in their outermost shells are said to be in an octet state.
The number of dots an atom will have around it will, therefore, depend on the number of valence electrons it has. As a rule of thumb, each side of an atom can take a maximum of 2 electrons. Thus, an atom with 8 valence electrons will have 2 dots each on its 4 sides.
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Answer:
the first is 8 an the second one is 2
Explanation:
Which of the following is/are correct about molar mass?
A. Can be calculated using the elements’ atomic mass in the periodic table
B. It is the mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance
C. Has the unit of mol/g
D. A and B
a carbon is found to form two oxide, which contain 42.9% and 27.3%carbon respectively, show that these figure illustrate the law multiple proportion
The figures illustrate the law of multiple proportions because the empirical formulas of the two oxides are CO and [tex]CO_2[/tex] respectively.
Law of multiple proportionsThe law of multiple proportions states that when two elements combine with each other to form more than one chemical compound, the weights of one element that combine with a fixed weight of the other are usually in small whole-number ratios.
The figures mentioned in the problems can be tested for agreement with the law of multiple proportions by finding the empirical formulas of the two oxides formed against a fixed weight of carbon:
The analysis of the first oxide is as follows:
C = 42.9
O = 100-42.9
= 57.1
The equivalent mole of each atom will then be calculated by dividing each atom by their respective molar weights:
C = 12 g/mol
O = 16 g/mol
C = 42.9/12
= 3.56
O = 57.1/16
= 3.56
Thus, the empirical formula of the first oxide is CO.
The second oxide:
C = 27.3
O = 100 - 27.3
= 72.7
The equivalent mole of each atom will be:
C = 27.3/12
= 2.27
O = 72.7/16
= 4.54
Dividing the moles by the smallest mole
C = 2.27/2.27
= 1
O = 4.54/2.27
= 2
Thus, the empirical formula of the second oxide is [tex]CO_2[/tex].
The first oxide gives CO while the second oxide gives [tex]CO_2[/tex]. The weight of oxygen that combines with the fixed weight of carbon can be seen to be in simple whole-number ratios (1 and 2).
In other words, the figures quoted obeys the law of multiple proportions.
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What mass of iron starting at 100.0 oC must be added to 50.0 g of water at 25.0 oC to increase the water’s temperature to 65.0 oC? Iron’s specific heat capacity is 0.450 J/(g oC).
The mass of the iron at 100°C is equal to 531.3 grams.
What is the specific heat capacity?The specific heat capacity can be defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature by one-degree Celcius in one unit of substance.
The energy is lost or absorbed will change the temperature of the substance, which can be shown as:
Q = mCΔT
Given, the initial temperature of the iron = 100°C
The initial temperature of water = 25 °C
The final temperature of both iron and water = 65°C
The specific heat capacity of the iron, C = 0.450 J/g°C
Water's specific heat capacity, C = 4.184 J/g°C
Heat lost by Iron (Fe) = Heat absorbed by water
- m × (0.450 J/g°C) × (65 - 100)°C = 50 × (4.184 J/g°C) × (65 - 25)°C
15.75 m = 8368
m = 531.3 g
Therefore, the mass of the iron is 531.3 grams.
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Determine the empirical formulae of the compounds which contain:
b 5.85g K, 2.10g N, 4.80g O
The empirical formulae of the compounds which contain: 5.85 g K, 2.10 g N , 4.80 g O is KNO₂.
given that :
mass of potassium , K = 5.85 g
molar mass of potassium = 39 g/mol
mass of nitrogen , N = 2.10 g
molar mass of nitrogen = 14
mass of oxygen , O = 4.80 g
molar mass of oxygen = 16
now, we have calculate the number of mole for each atom :
number of moles of potassium , K = mass / molar mass
= 5.85 / 39
= 0.15 mol
number of moles of nitrogen , N = 2.10 / 14
= 0.15 mol
number of moles of oxygen , O = 4.80 / 16
= 0.3 mol
now, dividing by the smallest one , we get
moles of K = 0.15 / 0.15 = 1
moles of N = 0.15 / 0.15 = 1
moles of O = 0.3 / 0.15 = 2
The empirical formula = KNO₂
Thus, The empirical formula of the compounds which contain: 5.85 g K, 2.10 g N , 4.80 g O is KNO₂.
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The number of elections represented by the following set of quantum numbers is?
n=2 l=1 ml=-1 ms= 1/2
The number of electrons represented by the following quantum numbers is 1 electron
The set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electron in an atom are called quantum numbers. There are four quantum numbers, namely, principal (n), azimuthal (l), magnetic(m) and spin quantum numbers (s). The values of the conserved quantities of a quantum system are given by quantum numbers.
According to the data given, n=2 which means the shell number is 2, l =-1 means its the subshell is p and only one orientation, which can accomodate maximum of 2 electrons, but as the ms = 1/2 so we are here talking about just one electron with a +1/2 spin
Therefore with the above given quantum number the electron represented is one
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If a sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, MM = 98.09 g/mol) solution is completely neutralized with 61.37 mL of the NaOH solution above what was the mass in grams of sulfuric acid in the solution. Remember, you need a balanced chemical reaction for stoichiometry. (do not forget about SF)
Assuming the concentration of the NaOH solution that reacted with the sulfuric acid is 1.0 M, the mass of the sulfuric acid that reacted is 3.01 g.
What is a neutralization reaction?A neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water only.
In the given reaction, a given amount of sulfuric acid was neutralized by 61.37 m:L of a NaOH solution.
The equation of the neutralization reaction is given below:
2 NaOH (aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq) ----> Na₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 H₂O (l)
The mole ratio of the reaction shows that 2 moles of NaOH solution will react with 1 mole of H₂SO₄ solution.
The moles of NaOH reacting = concentration * volume in liters
The concentration of the NaOH solution is not given. Assuming the concentration of the NaOH solution is 1.0 M
Moles of NaOH reacted = 1.0 * 61.37 mL * 1 L / 1000 mL
Moles of NaOH reacted = 0.06137 moles
Moles of H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0614 / 2
Moles of H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0307 moles
Mass of H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0307 * 98.09
Mass of H₂SO₄ reacted = 3.01 g
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0.50 g of Mg reacts with excess oxygen in a
bomb calorimeter with a heat capacity of
3290 J/°C. The initial temperature is 21.5 °C
and the final temperature is 25.2 °C.
What is the enthalpy of the reaction?
The enthalpy of the reaction 12173 J/°C
Heat capacity or thermal capability is a bodily belonging of count number, described as the quantity of warmth to be supplied to an object to provide a unit trade in its temperature. The SI unit of heat capacity is joule in line with kelvin. heat capacity is an intensive property.
Heat capability is described as the quantity of warmth strength required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of matter through one diploma Celsius. warmth ability for a given count depends on its length or amount and as a result, it's far an extensive asset. The unit of heat capacity is joule in line with Kelvin or joule according to degree Celsius.
Calculation:-
heat = msΔT
= 0.50 × 3290 × (25.2 - 21.5)
= 0.50 × 3290 × 3.7
= 6086.5 J
q = mΔHf
ΔHf = q/m
= 12173 J/°C
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How many liters of gasoline contain 1.98kg of gasoline
Answer:1.4652
Explanation:
0.74g/ml
0.74x1.98
=1.4652
What mass of CaCl2 (in g ) should the chemist use?
The mass of the solute required is 250.25 g.
What is the mass of the solute?We know that the number of moles of the solute can be used to obtain the mass of the solute that is required. We can now try to find the mass of the solute that is required.
Concentration of the solution = 0.350M
Volume of the solution = 6.5 L
Number of moles of the solute = 0.350M * 6.5 L
= 2.275 moles
We now have the mass of the solute as;
2.275 moles * 110 g/mol
= 250.25 g
Th measured mass of the solute that we would have to use is 250.25 g.
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Missing parts;
A chemist wants to make 6.5 L of a .350M CaCl2 solution. What mass of CaCl2(in g) should the chemist use?
Identify what element is reduced and what element is oxidized in the following reaction. Pb + 2l2 Pbl4
Lead (Pb )is oxidised and Iodine(I) reduction in the given reaction.
What is oxidation and reduction of elements?
An increase in an element's oxidation state or the loss of electrons is referred to as oxidation.
Gaining electrons or lowering an atom's oxidation state are both considered to be reductions in the context of chemical reactions.
Pb + 2l2 gives Pbl4
The oxidation number of lead in non bonded form is zero. In PbI4 oxidation number of lead is + 4.There is an increase in the oxidation number. The oxidation number of iodine in free state is zero. Whereas in P I4 oxidation number iodine is -1, there is a decrease in oxidation number.
Hence, lead (Pb )is oxidised and iodine(I) is reduced in the given reaction.
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In the given balanced redox reaction, Pb is oxidised and I is reduced.
What are redox reactions?
A redox reaction is one in which electrons are transferred between different chemical species (the atoms, ions, or molecules involved in the reaction).Some species go through oxidation, which is the loss of electrons, while others go through reduction, which is the gain of electrons, during a redox process.From the given balanced redox reaction
Pb + 2 Cl₂ ⇄ PbCl₄
We can identify and write balanced half-reactions describing the oxidation and reduction that happen in this reaction.
Oxidation: Pb → Pb⁴⁺ + 4 e⁻
Reduction: 2 I₂ + 4 e⁻ → 4 I⁻
From the half reactions it is determined that Pb is oxidized and its oxidation number increases from 0 to 4+ while I₂ is reduced and its oxidation number decreases from 0 to 1-.
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Describe the uses of chemical effects of electric current.
2
A chamber contains equal molar amounts of H₂, N₂, and O₂. If the
total chamber pressure is 2.00 atm, then the partial pressure of h2 is
The mole fraction must be known in order to determine the partial pressure of h2.
What is molar fraction?
The amount of a component, ni, expressed in moles, divided by the sum of all the components, ntot, likewise stated in moles, is known as the mole fraction or molar fraction (xi or I).
Below is an example of this phrase:
xi=ni/ntot
What is partial pressure?
If a container is filled with multiple gases, each gas will exert pressure, which is known as partial pressure. Its partial pressure is the pressure of any gas contained within the container.
Using this mole fraction formula:
=Xa/Xa+Xb+Xc
=XH2/XH2+XN2+Xo2
=1/3
=1/3×2=2/3
The partial pressure of h2 is 2/3
Therefore, the partial pressure of h2 is 2/3.
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At 125 °C a gas has a volume of 145 mL. What will the volume be at 25.0 °C ?
If a gas has a volume of 145 mL at 125 °C, then it will have 108.56 mL at 25 °C.
According to Charles’ law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature.
Thus, V1/T1=V2/T2 .......(i)
Here, V1 ⇒ initial volume
T1 ⇒ initial temperature in Kelvin
V2 ⇒ final volume
T2 ⇒ final temperature in Kelvin.
In the given question:
V1 = 145mL
T1 = 125°C= (125+273)K= 398K
T2 = 25°C= (25+273)K= 298K
Putting these values in equation (i),
145mL / 398K = V2 / 298K
Solving for V2, we get
V2 = 145mL * 298K /398 K
V2 = 108.56 mL
Therefore, at 25 °C, the gas will have a volume of 108.56 mL.
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an atom has a mass number of 55. its number of neutrons is the sum of its atomic number and five. how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does this atom have? what is the idetity of this atom
Atom consists of electron, proton and neutron. The number of proton and electrons is 25. The number of neutron is 30. The given element is manganese, Mn.
What is atom?Atom is the smallest particle of any matter. Atom combines to form element and element combine to form molecule or compound.
Mass number =Number of neutrons+ number of protons
Mass number =55
Number of neutrons=atomic number+5
Substituting the given values in the above formula
55 =atomic number+5+ number of protons
50=2×atomic number
Atomic number=25
Therefore, the number of proton and electrons is 25. The number of neutron is 30. The given element is manganese, Mn.
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What would 5 carbons, 3 chlorine group side chains, and one propyl group side chain look like?
The structure of the compound that have been described in the question is shown in the image attached to this answer.
What is the structure?We know that in organic chemistry, the structure of a molecule is very instrumental to the way that the molecule would be able to undergo reaction. In this case, we have a compound that is said to have 5 carbons, 3 chlorine group side chains, and one propyl group side chain.
Our key task is first to visualize the molecule and they try to create the structure of the molecule. As we try to create the structure of the molecule, we must have in mind the tetravalence of carbon. That is, carbon can only form four bonds to itself.
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True or False: A magnetic field and an electromagnetic field create the same results with the metal.
Hello!
Answer:
True :P
7. Pemican is a concentrated food traditionally used by Fir:
What specific kind of potential energy does pemican have
of dietary calories?
A. kinetic energy
B. elastic potential energy
C. chemical potential energy
D. gravitational potential energy
The specific kind of potential energy does pemican have of dietary calories is chemical potential energy.
What is potential energy?
potential energy, stored in energy that depends upon to the relative position of the various parts of a system. A spring has more potential energy when it is the compressed or stretched.
Sol-Chemical energy is simply energy that is stored to in compounds or elementary are specifically in the atomic bonds that connect atoms and the molecules. In food, it is a form of potential energy id because it's stores away.
The type of potential energy is that exists within chemical bonds, and it is released when of those bonds are broken, is called chemical energy. Chemical energy is the responsible for providing is living cells with energy from food. The release of energy occurs in when the molecular bonds are within food molecules are broken.
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5. Describe the 3rd criterion, ‘Keep costs low’ and explain why it is important.
In business, it is crucial to keep costs low because when costs exceed the profits or income then the business runs out of cash and becomes bankrupt.
What are costs?A cost is the worth of money that has been used up to create something or supply a service and is thus no longer accessible for use in production, research, retail, or accounting.
In business, the cost might be one of acquisition, in which case the money spent to obtain it is recognized as cost.
Businesses incur two sorts of expenses: fixed and variable costs. Variable costs change with production, but fixed costs do not. Overhead expenses are another term for fixed costs.
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During complete combustion, natural gas combines with oxygen to produce _____.
methane and water vapor
carbon dioxide and water vapor
carbon monoxide and water vapor
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
Answer:
During complete combustion, natural gas combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Explanation:
A fuel undergoes a complete combustion process when it swiftly combines with oxygen (O2), which then forms carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Explain why we need to do
electrolysis of sodium chloride BEFORE we do electrolysis of copper chloride.
Answer:
When melted at high temperature, sodium chlorideseparates into sodium and chloride ions, so that, electrolysis can take place to form sodium atom and chlorine gas .
An AM radio station broadcasts at 1030 kHz , and its FM partner broadcasts at 98.4 MHz
The energy from the photons in the FM station is greater than that from the AM station.
What is the energy of the both photons?We have to recall that the radio waves are also a part of the electromagnetic spectrum and that the speed that is possessed by all of the waves waves that are in the electromagnetic spectrum is the speed of light (3 * 10^8 m/s).
We have;
E = hf
E = energy
h = Plank's constant
f = frequency
For the AM station;
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 Js * 1030 * 10^3 Hz
E = 6.798 * 10^-28 J
For the FM station;
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 Js * 98.4 * 10^6 Hz
= 6.494 * 10^-25 J
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Missing parts;
An AM radio station broadcasts at 1030 kHz , and its FM partner broadcasts at 98.5 MHz .
partA;Calculate the energy of the photons emitted by the AM radio station.
partB;Calculate the energy of the photons emitted by the FM radio station.
partC;Compare the energy of the photons emitted by the AM radio station with the energy of the photons emitted by the FM radio station.
Question is in picture below!
The order of boiling point from the highest to the lowest from the given compounds above are as follows:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH - CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Br - CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 - CH3CH2CH3.
The correct order is option b, d, c and a.
What is meant by boiling point of substances?The boiling point of substances can simply be defined as that temperature at which liquids boils and then change to vapor or steam.
However, from the above given task, the organic compound, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH has the same boiling simply because of its power to participate in hydrogen bond formation. This compound CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH is known as 1-pentanol.
So therefore, we can confirm that the compound from above the correct order of boiling point from the highest to the lowest is 1-pentanol, 1-bromopentane, pentane and propane respectively.
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