The activator's ability to activate a target promoter is unaffected by the replacement of the DNA binding domain, which just changes the site at which it will function.
An activator protein binds to something, but what happens after it binds?The DNA regulatory sites close to the promoter regions, which function as on/off switches, are where activator proteins interact. This binding promotes the activity of the RNA polymerase and the transcription of adjacent genes.
How do activator proteins function in eukaryotic cells?Gene expression in a eukaryotic cell must be activated by transcriptional activators. RNA polymerase II can be drawn to the promoter or extended with the help of activators attached to the enhancer.
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How far each of the following statements is correct with explanation: Spores of fern plant are produced due to mitosis
Answer:
did u know the answer
Explanation:
notice that there are differing numbers of lobes on the right and left lungs. why would this be the case?
There are differing numbers of lobes on the right and left lungs because the left and right lungs are different in size and shape to make room for other organs that intrude on the thoracic region.
What do you mean by lobes in lungs?Each lung has lobes that are partitioned off from one another by tissue fissures. The left lung, which is slightly smaller due to the heart's asymmetrical position, has two major lobes compared to the right lung's three. Each lobe is further divided internally into hundreds of lobules.
What is the function of lobes in lungs?The left lung has two lobes while the right lung has three, each of which resembles a balloon packed with sponge-like tissue. Although each lobe of the bronchial tree receives air from a different branch, they all perform the same task: supplying the bloodstream with oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that there are differing numbers of lobes on the right and left lungs because the left and right lungs are different in size and shape to make room for other organs that intrude on the thoracic region.
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The scientific study of how organisms relate to one another and their surroundings is known as what?.
The study of organisms and their relationships to their surroundings is called ecology. The interaction of living creatures with their environments is the subject of ecological research.
What are some instances of ecology?An ecosystem ecologist might, for instance, gain knowledge about how beaver dams effect water flow in a forest ecosystem and how it affects the survival or aquatic species or the dispersion of silt. A coral ecologist may research the effects of variations in water temperature on coral survival.
What purpose does ecology serve?Ecology is crucial to human welfare and wealth and improves our earth. It provides new insight into how interdependence between people and nature is crucial for maintaining biodiversity in the face of climate change, providing enough food, and preserving clean air and clean water.
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if meselson and stahl never saw their original band of labeled dna move or change, what would that have supported?
If Meselson and Stahl never saw their original band of labeled DNA move or change, the experiment would have supported the model of semi-conservative.
The experiment carried out by Meselson and Stahl proved that DNA replicates semi-conservatively, i.e., each strand of a DNA molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand. These studies, according to Meselson and Stahl, demonstrated the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication. The DNA strands split apart and replicated one another, resulting in daughter molecules that included both an "old" and a "new" DNA strand.
When a new double-stranded DNA molecule is created, one strand will come from the original template molecule, making DNA replication a semi-conservative process. There will be a brand new strand created. In order to separate various compounds in a solution, Meselson and Stahl utilized density-gradient centrifugation. Later, they used the same technique to separate DNA molecules in a solution.
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an aabbccddeeff individual is crossed with an individual with the genotype aabbccddeeff. what is the probability that their offspring will have the genotype aabbccddeeff?
The probability that the offspring will have the genotype aabbccddeeff is 1.
To obtain probability of these individuals we have perform punnet or probability for each individual gene
1) aaxaa the probability of getting the gene aa is 1
2) bb x bb the probability of getting the gene bb is 1
3)cc x cc the probability of getting the gene cc is 1
4) dd x dd the probability of getting the gene dd is 1
5)ee x ee the probability of getting the gene ee is 1
6) ff x ff the probability of getting the gene ff is 1.
Now, mutiply probability of all genes in order to get the probability of the offspring
1x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 = 1.
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why didn't any of queen victoria of england's daughters have hemophilia? it is inherited as a sex-linked disorder.
Because King Edward VII, the son of Queen Victoria, inherited her healthy X chromosome and lacked hemophilia. He therefore didn't have a mutated gene to pass on to his offspring.
What is Hemophilia?
An genetic bleeding ailment called hemophilia causes the blood to clot improperly. This may result in both spontaneous bleeding and bleeding after injury or surgery. Blood contains a variety of clotting proteins that can aid in halting bleeding.
What is the cause of Hemophilia?
One affected X chromosome in a female makes her a carrier of hemophilia. A female hemophilia carrier may occasionally exhibit hemophilia symptoms. Additionally, she can pass on to her offspring the X chromosome with the mutated clotting factor gene.
Therefore, the daughters of Queen Victoria of England does not have hemophilia
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what is the probability of producing the genotype aabbcc in a cross of individuals who both possess this genotype: aabbcc?
1/64 is the probability of producing the genotype aabbcc in a cross of individuals who both possess this genotype.
The genotype AaBbCcDd has 4 genes that are heterozygous and can produce 24 different types of gametes.
What about genotype?Gene pool as a whole is characterized by the term "genotype," which broadly refers to an organism's genetic make-up.The phrase can also be used to describe to the alleles, or different forms of a gene, that an organism carries in a more specific meaning. In contrast, AS and SS shouldn't even consider getting married because there is a good probability that they will have a child who has sickle cell disease. Additionally, there is no way to avoid producing a child with sickle cell disease, so SS and SS must not be married.A genotype is a numerical representation of the type of variant found at a particular locus (i.e., region) in the genome.As an example, the letters BB, Bb, and bb could be used to indicate a specific gene variant.Despite the possibility of random spontaneous mutations, genotype typically does not vary from one environment to another. The same genotype, however, might result in a variety of phenotypes.Learn more about genotype here:
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when humans began to migrate and disperse around the globe about 70,000 years ago, why did that produce genetic changes in the dna of the various migrating populations? a. the original dna code was no longer useful in the new environments. b. they lived in different environments to which they had to adapt to survive. c. the food resources in different regions were different; thus, they could no longer get all the nutrients needed to create the original dna code. d. the animals consumed for food had different dna nucleotides and thus introduced mutations into the dna code of humans. e. the plants consumed for food did not have all of the vitamins and minerals necessary to maintain the original genetic code.
Option D. the animals consumed for food had different DNA nucleotides and thus introduced mutations into the DNA code of humans, producing genetic changes in the DNA of the various migrating populations.
Researchers say early people set out searching for climates wherein extra food was to be had. And some populations stayed installed certain places due to the fact limitations like glaciers blocked their development. humans migrated out of Africa because the climate shifted from moist to very dry about 60,000 years ago, according to an investigation led by way of a college of Arizona geoscientist.
Genetic studies indicate people migrated from Africa into Eurasia between 70,000 and fifty-five,000 years ago. As the migration wave travels thru them, it accumulates range, collecting new versions from each population via which it passes. for that reason, heterozygosity will increase with growing colony quantity within the equal way that it increases within the archaic admixture model on the population in which admixture happens.
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Using the graphs below, determine which water drop rate leads to the highest seed growth.(Note, the vertical axis represents the number of seeds, the blue lines represent the seeds and the green represents the sprouts)
a.
90 drops/hr
b.
72 drops/hr
c.
50 drops/hr
d.
12 drops/hr
Answer: 50 drops/hr
Explanation:
4) over time, the movement of people on earth has steadily increased. this has altered the course of human evolution by increasing . a. mutation b. geographic isolation c. genetic drift d. gene flow
Over time, the movement of people on earth has steadily increased. this has altered the course of human evolution by increasing gene flow. Thus the correct answer is option (e).
Evolution is the term used to describe how a species gradually changes over time to fit in with nature.
The term "gene flow" refers to the movement or exchange of genetic material from one continent to another. The flow of genes caused by gene exchange has changed the native genes and created a new character.
Specifications of gene flow.
New genetic variations are disseminated throughout many populations.
It alters both populations' allelic frequencies and may be the driving force behind evolution.
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some bacteria may be able to respond to environmental stress by increasing the rate at which mutations occur during cell division. how might this be accomplished?
By increasing the Genetic Variation within species some bacteria may be able to respond to environmental stress by increasing the rate at which mutations occur during cell division.
Increasing the rate of mutations during cell division would allow the bacteria to respond to environmental stress by increasing the genetic variation within types which could be easily altered to the environment. Genetic variations can arise from gene variants (also called mutations) or from a normal process in which genetic material is regrouped as a cell is getting ready to divide (known as genetic recombination). Over time, as generations of individuals with the feature continue to replicate, the superior feature becomes to grow common in a population, making the population variate than an inherited one
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Cells work together to provide a specific function in , which interact to form an organ.
Cells work together to provide a specific function in multicellular organisms, which interact to form an organ is called tissue.
How do cells work?Cells group together to carry out a particular function and a group of cells that work together form a tissue.
Organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform functions and circulatory system and digestive system are examples of organ systems.
In multicellular organism, cells form tissues, tissues form organs and then organs form organ systems. The cells differentiate tocarry outspecific functions. Specialization is determined by the location of the cell within the developing embryo. Stem cells are special type of cell that continue to divide and renew themselves for longer periods of time.
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which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense against environmental antigens?
Due to their position within stratified epithelia, Langerhans cells serve as the first line of defense against environmental infections.
In homeostatic settings, non-activated LCs are continuously moving to the lymph nodes to present self-antigen and create immunological tolerance.Langerhans cells (LCs) are important cellular elements that play important roles in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response (2). The dendritic cell (DC)/macrophage family, which includes LCs, is found in the epidermis where it forms a dense network with which potential invaders must communicate.The majority of the epidermis' cells are keratinocytes. They serve as the innate immune system's initial line of defense against infection. They have pattern-recognition receptors called Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify conserved chemicals on infections and start an inflammatory response.
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which term refers to the connective tissue membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord? multiple choice question.
Meninges refers to the connective tissue membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Your spinal cord is a cylindrical shape that runs via the center of your spine, from your brainstem on your low back. It's a delicate shape that carries nerve bundles and cells that convey messages out of your brain to the rest of your body. Your spinal cord is one of the main parts of your anxious machine.
The spinal wire is a protracted, thin, tubular structure made of fearful tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone). The backbone encloses the imperative canal of the spinal cord, which includes cerebrospinal fluid.
The spinal cord is about 18 inches (forty five centimeters) in period and is exceptionally cylindrical in form.
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mrsa in humans is an example of selection. a. directional b. diversifying c. guided d. stabilizing e. uniform
MRSA is an example of directional selection in humans.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, also known as MRSA, is a kind of bacteria that can be potentially dangerous since it is resistant to some antibiotics and can cause skin infections and other types. Any S strain could be it. aureus that has acquired multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics through horizontal gene transfer or directional selection.
Direct contact with an infected individual, touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the bacterium or exchanging personal things like infected towels or razors are all ways that MRSA is disseminated. Because so many people have weakened immune systems, it is therefore spreading quickly and directly throughout the healthcare industry.
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after teaching a group of students about anticonvulsant therapy, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which drug as eliciting its effects by increasing levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), which stabilizes cell membranes?
Valproic acid eliciting its effects by increasing levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) and steroidal drugs stabilizes cell membranes.
Valproic acid elevated GABA synthesis and launch in mind areas consisting of substantia nigra,146 that is concept to be worried withinside the manipulate of seizure technology and propagation. It additionally decreased the discharge of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and attenuated neuronal excitation prompted via way of means of NMDA-kind glutamate receptors.
Vamorolone Stabilizes Dysferlin-Deficient Cell Membrane via way of means of Reducing Lipid Mobility. Lipophilic molecules, such as steroidal drugs, can have an effect on membrane pressure in addition to lateral diffusion of proteins and lipids withinside the plasma membranes
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What is the purpose of tRNA? Answer choices:
A. It carries DNA to the ribosome.
B. It contains a sequence of transcribed DNA out of the nucleus.
C.It is the major part of the ribosome.
D. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome during protein sysnthesis.
Brainliest to first correct answer! Have a nice day^^ Ty
The main purpose of the the RNA is that It contains a sequence of transcribed DNA out of the nucleus.
What is the tRNA ?The term tRNA has to do with the kind of ribonucleic acid that is responsible for the process of transfers during the reproduction of cells. The term tRNA is the short form for the name transfer ribo nucleic acid.
The purpose of the transfer ribonucleic acids is that they are able to carry on the sequence of the DNA and this is how we can be able to transcribe the genetic information to the nucleus of the cell.
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when pyruvate is used to make one molecule of glucose, 1) how many molecules of atp/gtp are consumed? 2) how many are generated? 3) what is the total cost of gluconeogenesis?
When pyruvate is used to make one molecule of glucose
4 ATP, 2 GTP are used.2 ATP and 2 NADH are generated.4ATP, 2 GTP, and 2 NADH are used.In gluconeogenesis, glucose is created. It is essentially glycolysis carried out reverse; the standard free energy is favorable thanks to three new processes involving four new enzymes. ATP is used by the gluconeogenesis pathway, which gets its energy mostly from oxidizing fatty acids.
The molecule can be transferred from the mitochondria thanks to the conversion to malate. After entering the cytoplasm, mitochondria convert it back to oxaloacetate.
Malate + NAD+ Oxaloacetate + NADH in the cytoplasm
PEP GDP Oxaloacetate + GTP
It then passes through the same intermediates as glycolysis from this point on. The endoplasmic reticulum hosts the final reaction.
G6P glucose is present in the endoplasmic reticulum (catalyst: glucose-6-phosphatase). A glucose transporter shuttles the glucose out into the extracellular space.
For every molecule of glucose synthesized from two molecules of pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 GTP, and 2 NADH are used.
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transpiration is best defined as: group of answer choices diffusion of water from one cell to another. movement of water from soil into the roots and transport via the xylem to leaves where it is lost to the air via the stomata. absorption of co2 from the atmosphere. breakdown of glucose and production of atp.
Transpiration is best defined as the movement of water from soil into the roots and transport via the xylem to leaves where it is lost to the air via the stomata.
In the field of biology, transpiration can be described as a process through which water is lost from the leaves by the process of diffusion.
When there is excess water in the leaves, the guard cells of the stomata open due to which water moves out of the leaves by the diffusion process. The rate of transpiration depends on several factors such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity etc.
The xylem cells bring water from the roots to the leaves where it is utilized and the rest is lost as a result of transpiration.
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which would be the route taken by lymph traveling from lymphatic vessels in the right leg to the bloodstream?
The left subclavian vein; the right lumbar trunk; the cisterna chyli; and the thoracic duct. blood from lymph system in the right leg.
What does the body's lymph do?Lymph: The excess fluid that leaks out of cells and tissues but is not recycled back into capillaries is what is referred to as lymph, also known as lymphatic fluid.
Lymph node cancer?A tumor of the lymph system, which is a component of the body's defense against infection, is lymphoma. The spleen, thymus gland, lymph (lymph glands), and bone marrow are all components of the lymphatic system. All of those locations, in addition to other organs in the body, can be impacted by lymphoma.
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Which statement describes the role of DNA in a cell? A. DNA molecules are the building blocks of tissues and carry out the work of each cell. B. DNA molecules deliver the pieces of proteins to the site of protein assembly in the cell. C. DNA molecules are broken apart inside the cell, and the pieces are assembled into proteins. D. DNA molecules contain the information that the cell uses to assemble the pieces of proteins in the correct order.
DNA molecules contain the information that the cell uses to assemble the pieces of proteins in the correct order describes the role of DNA in a cell. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What are the functions of DNA?DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. To carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins, which are the complex molecules that do most of the work in our bodies.
DNA is responsible for carrying and transmitting hereditary materials or genetic instructions from parents to offspring. In addition to ensuring that all living things pass on their genetic information, DNA is essential for the synthesis of proteins.
DNA now has three distinct functions—genetics, immunological, and structural—that are widely disparate and variously dependent on the sugar phosphate backbone and the bases.
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Can mathematical representation support that momentum is conserved when there is no force on the object?
The momentum of a system is conserved when there is no external force applied on the object. This can be represented by mathematical expression: (m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂).
What is Momentum?
Momentum is a property of a moving object which the object has by the virtue of its mass and motion. It is the product of the body's mass and velocity.
Conservation of linear momentum expresses that a body or system of bodies in motion retains its total momentum. The product of mass and vector velocity constant, until and unless an external force is applied on it. In an isolated system, there is no external force, so momentum is always conserved.
To have the momentum conserved, a system must meet two requirements:
1. Total Mass of the system must remain constant during the interaction.
2. The net external force on the system must be equal to zero.
The mathematical expression for the conservation of momentum is:
(m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂)
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the equilibrium potential for potassium is about -90 mv. if potassium channels remained open and all other ion channels were closed, the voltage inside a neuron would be
The voltage inside a neuron would be about +66mV.
Voltage-gated potassium ions (VGKC) are membrane channels that are responsible for repolarizing the depolarized cell after each nervous impulse. As a result, they play a key role in modifying neuronal activity in the CNS and the peripheral nervous system.
The potassium channels with two pore domains are made up of a dimer of protein, each with four transmembrane segments. These 'leaky channels' are always open, contributing to the plasma membrane's substantially increased permeability to K+.
Potassium channels participate in membrane repolarization, which occurs after depolarization by sodium and, in certain circumstances, calcium channels during in the nerve impulse; this is required for restoring the membranes to a negative resting state and terminating the action potential signal.
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what energy system is primarily utilized in an 300 meter run that is completed in 35 seconds? select one: a. oxidative b. immediate phosphagen c. anaerobic glycolyosis
The correct answer is anaerobic glycolysis.
Anaerobic glycolysis is the process by which glucose is converted to lactate when oxygen is limited.
Anaerobic glycolysis is only an effective energy generation method during brief, intensive activity, producing energy for 10 seconds to 2 minutes. Cells that are unable to generate enough energy through oxidative phosphorylation use anaerobic glycolysis as a substitute. Glycolysis generates 2 ATP in tissues with low oxygen levels by diverting pyruvate away from mitochondria and using the lactate dehydrogenase process. Anaerobic glycolysis provides for the more rapid synthesis of ATP in rapidly contracting skeletal muscle cells, where energy demand exceeds that which can be provided by oxidative phosphorylation alone. (Oxidative phosphorylation is around 100 times slower than glycolysis.) Pyruvate cannot undergo oxidative phosphorylation, regardless of oxygen levels, in cells that have no mitochondria at all.
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According to the results of this experiment, germination of tobacco seeds during the first week is ______.
According to the results of this experiment, germination of tobacco seeds during the first week is increased by exposure to light.
It is presumable that light affects the germination of tobacco seeds in at least two different ways. It does this by first turning on the PHY signal pathway, which releases photo-dormancy and encourages germination. Second, in tobacco seeds that are not photo-dormant, light speeds up endosperm rupture. Therefore, on performing an experiment to germinate tobacco seeds, germination would increase on exposure to light.
Because the tobacco seed is so tiny, it must be sown indoors. It needs a minimum temperature of 65 degrees in order to germinate. Six weeks before the last frost, plant the seed in seed compost rather than potting soil. When planting, just lay the seed directly on top of the compost.
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bile acids (part of bile) work as emulsifiers to aid in fat digestion. after fat digestion in the small intestine is complete, what happens to most of these bile acids?
After the fat has been digested, fatty acids are passed through the lymph system and then pass throughout the body.
Bile may be a liquid that's made and discharged by the liver and put away within the gallbladder. Bile makes a difference in digestion. It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the stomach-related tract. Bile contains Mostly cholesterol Bile acids Bilirubin, Water Body salts such as potassium and sodium, Copper, and other metals. After the fat has been processed, fatty acids are passed through the lymph system and after that through the body through your bloodstream to be utilized or put away for energy, development, and cell repair.
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which species interaction depends on prey density and effectiveness of prey defenses to determine the impact on the prey population?group of answer choicescompetitionmutualismconsumptioncommensalism
Prey density and the efficiency of prey defenses influence consumption species interaction, which has an effect on the prey population.
In basic terms, what is species?A species is a group of organisms made up of similar individuals capable of breeding or exchanging genes with one another. The most fundamental taxonomic rank and unit of classification in biology is the species. A genus is the taxonomic rank after an individual in the biological categorization system.
What is the best definition of a species?A species is frequently described as the biggest group of creatures capable of sexual reproduction, in which any two individuals of a right sexes or mating types can result in fertile offspring. The karyotype, DNA sequence, anatomy, behavior, and ecological niche are further methods of distinguishing species.
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BRAINLIESTTT ASAP!!!
-recognize the names and relative ages of extinct hominids ( EXPLAIN THEM )
The group made up of all of our close relatives as well as extinct entire human race and current humans.
Which came first, hominids or hominins?Modern humans as well as all our extinct relatives on our own branching of the phylogenetic ladder are now referred to as hominins instead of hominids, as they were in previous classifications.
Exist hominins today?The hominins, a term used to describe a broad group of extinct humans and apes with human features, are now exclusively recognized as Homo sapiens. Around 20 species are included in this category, and there are likely many more that are still undiscovered. You might also be interested in: Human proximity changes animals.
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when making a suspension for inoculation, what broth is used and what is the required concentration in mcfarland units?
Suspension for inoculation of the bacteria to be tested is prepared in saline or Mueller–Hinton broth to the turbidity of a 1.5 x 108 cells/ml McFarland standard.
McFarland standards gives the reference to adjust the turbidity of bacterial suspensions so that the number of bacteria will be within the certain parameter. approximately a culture density should be around 1.5 x 108 cells/ml according to McFarland standards .
McFarland Standards are used to standardize the approximate number of bacteria in a liquid suspension by comparing the turbidity of the test. McFarland Standard contains a chemical solution of barium chloride and sulfuric acid.
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Identify the allele that is expressed in a heterozygous individual.
