In the absence of tryptophan, the genes trpA-E will not be transcribed.
If there were a mutation in the operator region of the trp operon, there would be a nucleotide change in the sequence of the operator. Mutations in the repressor that prevent its binding to the operator will lead to constitutive expression Mutations that prevent binding of the inducer without affecting the ability to bind to the operator lead to a non‑inducible phenotype.
The tryptophan binds to the trp repressor and causes it to change shape, converting into its active form. The trp repressor with the bound tryptophan attaches to the operator, blocking RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and preventing transcription of the operon.
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Atp is thermodynamically suited as a carrier of phosphoryl groups in animal cells because of all except?
ATP is thermodynamically suited as a carrier of phosphoryl groups in animal cells because of all except it is hydrolyzed in cells without enzyme action.
Why is ATP used as energy source?The energy currency of the cell is ATP as it releases a large amount of energy on the release of second and third phosphate group. To be hydrolyzed, ATP requires enzyme action. The structure of ATP consists of adenosine backbone, ribose sugar bound to three phosphate groups.It is stable inside the cells and also functions as a signaling molecule, helps in synthesis of DNA and RNA.Most of the ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria through aerobic respiration.ATP serves as a carrier of phosphoryl group because it is stable and used as an intermediate for group transfer reactions.Learn more about ATP here:
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Every year _______ species go extinct. a. 3 b. 72 c. 1000 d. 20000 please select the best answer from the choices provided
The experts calculate that between 0.01 and 0.1% of all species will become extinct each year. If the low estimate of the number of species out there is true - i.e. that there are around 2 million different species on our planet - then that means between 200 and 2,000 extinctions occur every year.
What is extinction?
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryote globally, and possibly many times more if microorganisms, like bacteria, are included. Notable extinct animal species include non-avian dinosaurs, saber-toothed cats, dodos, mammoths, ground sloths, thylacines, trilobites and golden toads.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with little to no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years.To learn more about extinction: https://brainly.com/question/14482178
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The ________ returns most of the venous blood from the heart to the right atrium.
The superior vena cava returns most of the venous blood from the heart to the right atrium.
The whole return of systemic venous blood goes to the right atrium. Either the inferior vena cava or the superior vena cava receives the majority of the blood. The superior vena cava receives systemic venous circulation, which includes blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and upper limbs, from above an imaginary line drawn at the level of the diaphragm.
Most of the body above the diaphragm is drained via the superior vena cava. The axillary vein, which originates in the axillary area, goes through the body wall to produce the subclavian vein on both the left and right sides. The brachiocephalic vein is created when it unites with the external and internal jugular veins of the head and neck.
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In a fetus, the ductus arteriosus is the fetal connection between the pulmonary trunk and which structure(s)?
In a fetus, the ductus arteriosus is the fetal connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta.
The ductus arteriosus is a normal blood vessel that forms a connection between two main arteries i.e. the aorta and the pulmonary artery which carries blood away from the heart. The lungs are not active while a fetus is in the womb as the baby receives oxygen directly from the mother's placenta.
The fetal lungs are filled with amniotic fluid hence, they cannot be used to oxygenate the blood. Also, the arterioles in the lungs are constricted, which limits the amount of blood that can pass through the pulmonary system.
As the fetal blood leaving the placenta is already rich in oxygen and the lungs are non-functional, thereby, the ductus arteriosus permits a part of this blood to detour the pulmonary circulation to enter directly into the systemic circulation.
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What are the major functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids? what three components are found in these substances? what component makes them acids?
Answer:
Explanation:
The major function of nucleotides and nucleic acids is to hold genetic information. The three components found in them are : a)sugar molecule
b)phosphate group c) A nitrogen base. The phosphate group is what makes the acidic.
What is a nucleotide?A nucleotide/nucleic acid is responsible for laying the foundation of genetic information in an organismA nucleotide consists of :
a) Pentose sugar: A 5-carbon sugar molecule.
b)Nitrogen base: There are two types of nitrogenous bases: Purines and Pyrimidines.
Two types of purine bases : Adenine(A) and Guanine(G)
Three types of pyrimidine bases : Cytosine(C), Thymine(T) and Uracil(U)
RNA consists of A,U,G,C
DNA consists of A,T,G ,C
c)Phosphate group
The acidic nature of nucleotides/nucleic acids comes from the phosphate group. This is because it is gives away a proton(H+ ions), giving it an acidic character.To learn more about nucleotides , refer:
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Determine the correct sequence of events during the creation of recombinant dna. i. plasmid is cut open with enzymes ii. target gene is cut out with enzymes iii. plasmid is inserted into the bacterium iv. target gene is bonded to the plasmid with ligase
Answer:
ii i iv iii
Explanation:
The correct sequence is
Target gene is cut out with enzyme Plasmid if cut open with enzyme Target gene is bounded to the plasmid with ligase Plasmid is inserted into the bacterium
this procedure for measuring cell size has certain limitations . List three such limitations
The limitations of cell size are:
1) Surface area to volume ratio
2) Nucleo cytoplasmic ratio
3) Fragility of cell membrane
What are the cause of limitations on cell size?
The need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow the cells function→.
→If the surface area of cell increase volume increase to the cube of the linear increase.
→ Nuclie contains information needed for protein synthesis . Some cells reduce this limitation to increase the no. Of nucleus called multinucleated.
Examples are muscle cells.
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Measuring cell size has specific limitations
Exterior area to volume ratio Nucleo cytoplasmic proportion The fragility of cell membraneThe key element that limits the size of a cell is the ratio of its surface area to its volume.
What limits the sizes to which cells can grow?
One statement is that cell sizes are limited by surface-to-volume ratios. Cells that are too large in volume may be determined by the rate at which nutrients are taken up, which in turn is limited by the cell's membrane exterior area.
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Give four functions of the mouth in the digestive process
Answer:
receive food by ingestionbreak it into small particles by masticationmix it with salivamoistens foodAnswer:
The four functions of the mouth in the digestive process is given below:
Explanation:
1. Digestive process starts from mouth.
2. It moistens food so it move more easily through esophagus into stomach.
3. Mouth produces saliva which has an enzyme that begins to break down starches in food.
4. Mouth chews food and digestion involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by cells.
In the dna isolation process, ________ is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the dna molecules to easily precipitate.
In the DNA isolation process, ice cold 95% ethanol is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the DNA molecules to easily precipitate.
What is separation and isolation of DNA fragments?
The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Since, DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix. The most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds. The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves.The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation (you cannot see pure DNA fragments in the visible light and without staining). We can see bright orange coloured bands of DNA in a ethidium bromide stained gel exposed to UV light. The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is known as elution. The DNA fragments purified in this way are used in constructing recombinant DNA by joining them with cloning vectors.To learn more about DNA isolation process: https://brainly.com/question/18316109
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Why did temujin take the name genghis khan after founding the mongol empire? he chose the name to intimidate other tribes. it was his given mongol name at birth. it was the name given to him through the mandate of heaven. he chose a name that would identify him as a universal leader.
Genghis Khan (aka Chinggis Khan) was the founder of the Mongol Empire which he ruled from 1206 until his death in 1227. Born Temujin, he acquired the title of Genghis Khan, likely meaning 'universal ruler’, after unifying the Mongol tribes. Utterly ruthless with his enemies, countless innocents were slaughtered in his campaigns of terror - millions according to medieval chroniclers.
Genghis Khan attacked the Xi Xia and Jin states and then Song China. In the other direction, his fast-moving armies invaded Persia, Afghanistan, and even Russia. Genghis Khan had a fearsome reputation but he was an able administrator who introduced writing to the Mongols, created their first law code, promoted trade and granted religious freedom by permitting all religions to be freely practised anywhere in the Mongol world. In this way, Genghis Khan built the foundations of an empire which would, under his successors, ultimately control one-fifth of the globe.
Temujin, acquired the title of Genghis Khan, likely meaning 'universal ruler’, after unifying the Mongol tribes.
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire:
Genghis Khan, aka Chinggis Khan, was the founder of the Mongol Empire which he ruled from 1206 until his death in 1227. Utterly ruthless with his enemies, countless innocents were slaughtered in his campaigns of terror - millions according to medieval chroniclers.Genghis Khan attacked the Xi Xia and Jin states and then Song China. In the other direction, his fast-moving armies invaded Persia, Afghanistan, and even Russia. Genghis Khan had a fearsome reputation but he was an able administrator who introduced writing to the Mongols, created their first law code, promoted trade and granted religious freedom by permitting all religions to be freely practised anywhere in the Mongol world. In this way, Genghis Khan built the foundations of an empire which would, under his successors, ultimately control one-fifth of the globe.To learn more about Genghis Khan:
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The cerebral cortex receives blood from the anterior, middle, and posterior ________ arteries.
The cerebral cortex receives blood from the anterior, middle, and posterior Carotid arteries.
About cerebral cortex:
Cerebral cortex controls the motor activities and reacts on the basis of sensations received through the thalamus. The cerebral cortex, which controls motor actions, receives sensations from the thalamus and responds accordingly. Essentially, the brain receives blood flow from four arteries: paired internal carotid arteries and paired vertebral arteries. At the ventral side of the pons, two vertebral arteries combine to produce the basilar artery, which then splits into the posterior cerebral arteries. The anterior and middle cerebral arteries emerge from the internal carotid artery. The arterial circle of Willis is formed by the communication between the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries.Learn more about the cerebral cortex with the help of the given link:
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If a hypothesis is supported consistently by different observations or experiments, it may be advanced to the level of a(n)____________.
If a hypothesis is supported consistently by different observations or experiments, it may be advanced to the level of a(n) theory.
The therapist noted that the muscles on the right side of omar’s body were smaller than those on the left side. what is this condition called?
The muscles on the right side of Omar's body were smaller than those on the left side due to Hemihypertrophy.
A hereditary condition known as hemihypertrophy causes a person's body to expand excessively on one side compared to the other. Because of continuing bone or soft tissue growth, one side of the body grows more quickly than the other. Everyone who is affected can have a different appearance, and youngsters frequently have it. One area of the body, like the legs, may be unaffected by the overgrowth. However, it might also affect the mouth, face, and limbs, among other body parts. Although the gene that causes hemihypertrophy isn't always known, it can be passed on from parents to children. Hemihypertrophy is frequently connected to chromosome 11 mutations in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
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A porcupine has an internal skeleton and a rose has a stem. Write a sentence to explain how these physical structures have different functions.
Answer:
The sentence that explained the physical structures have different functions is like it generated the new living tissue and fluid transportation.
Usage of an internal skeleton?
Since A porcupine has an internal skeleton and a rose has a stem.
So here the internal skeleton should be used for helping out an organism for holding the body up and kept from falling.
On the other hand, the stem should stored the nutrients and generated the new living tissue and fluid transportation.
The Internal skeleton of the porcupine gives shape and structure to the porcupine.
The stem of the rose plant provides support to the plant and serves to transport nutrient and water in the plant.
What a skeleton?A skeleton is a rigid structure found in living organisms which provide structure and shape to the living organism.
Skeletons are found in animals.
Skeletons present in animals are of two types:
Internal skeletons also known as endoskeletonsexternal skeletons also known as endoskeletonsThe Internal skeleton of the porcupine gives shape and structure to the porcupine. It also serves as a point of attachment to muscles in order to enable movement.
Stems are present in plants.
Stems serve various purposes in plants such as:
transport of nutrients and water storage of food and waterprovides support and structure to the plant.Thus, the stem of the rose plant provides support to the plant and serves to transport nutrient and water in the plant.
In conclusion, the internal skeleton of animals and the stem of plants both provide shape and structure to the respective organisms.
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Cell division is regulated by two major genes..
division.
A. proto-oncogenes, oncogenes
B. tumor suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes
C. proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
D. oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
stimulate cell division and
inhibits cell
Cell division is regulated by two major genes D. oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes, which stimulate cell division and, inhibit cells.
Cell division is the technique by the way which a parent cell divides, whilst a mother cell divides into or greater daughter cells. cellular department commonly takes vicinity as a part of a bigger cell cycle. In eukaryotes, there are distinct sorts of cell division that take place.
Cell division is the manner wherein a parent cell divides, giving a push to 2 or greater daughter cells. it is a crucial biological method in every lifestyle. cell division is fundamental to all residing organisms and required for increase and improvement. As a crucial approach to reproduction for all dwelling matters, the cell department allows organisms to switch their genetic fabric to their offspring.
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Mice with a gain-of-function mutation in the agouti gene will have fur that has a(n)_____color.
Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in which phase of the cell cycle?
Answer:
M phase
Explanation:
While there are many checkpoints within the cell cycle, the specific checkpoint you are referring to most likely takes place in the M (mitosis) phase.
Before the M phase (which includes the G1, S, and G2 phases), the cell grows, the number of organelles increases, and DNA replicates. After the G2 phase, the M phase begins. At the beginning of this phase, the DNA condenses, lines up in the center of the cell, attaches to spindle fibers, and is pulled to opposite ends of the cell. If this checkpoint receives the proper signal, the actual division of the cell will occur.
The afferent arteriole is _____ in diameter than the different arteriole, so that glomerular _____ is relatively high.
The afferent arteriole is larger in diameter than the different arteriole, so that glomerular blood pressure is relatively high.
The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.
The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery, which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus.
The glomerulus (plural glomeruli) is a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. Each of the two kidneys contains about one million nephrons.
The tuft is structurally supported by the mesangium (the space between the blood vessels), composed of intraglomerular mesangial cells. The blood is filtered across the capillary walls of this tuft through the glomerular filtration barrier, which yields its filtrate of water and soluble substances to a cup-like sac known as Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then enters the renal tubule of the nephron.
The glomerulus receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal arterial circulation. Unlike most capillary beds, the glomerular capillaries exit into efferent arterioles rather than venules. The resistance of the efferent arterioles causes sufficient hydrostatic pressure within the glomerulus to provide the force for ultrafiltration.
The glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule constitute a renal corpuscle, the basic filtration unit of the kidney. The rate at which blood is filtered through all of the glomeruli, and thus the measure of the overall kidney function, is the glomerular filtration rate.
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The water stored in the open spaces within underground rocks and unconsolidated material is called:_________
The water stored in the open spaces within underground rocks and unconsolidated material is called groundwater.It found underground in the cracks and space in soil, sand and rocks.
The word groundwater or underground water is used to express the area. It means aquifer although this term is usually used to described water - bearing formation capable of yielding enough water to supply people uses.
Groundwater is the stored water and moves slowly through high permeable membrane rocks called aquifers. Water that travels down from the soil surface to underground and collected in the space between sediments and the rocks, which filled the empty space and this is called as saturated zone.
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Which answer correctly identifies the part of the human vision system that is part of the retina?
a. visual cortex
b. rods
c. optic nerve
d. pupil
Rods identifies the part of the human vision system that is part of the retina. The correct option is b.
What are rods?Rods are photoreceptor cells found in the retina. They are photosensitive and contribute to our ability to see well in low light.
They are focused in the retina's outer regions and provide us with field of vision. Rods are 500 to 1,000 times more light perceptive than cones.
Regardless of the fact that cone-mediated eyesight dominates perception in typical daytime light levels, the overall number of rods in the human retina far outnumbers the number of cones.
Thus, the correct option is b.
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What is the procedure of voter identification intended to help prevent fraudulent voting and keep the process organized?
Registration is the process of voter identification intended to help to prevent fraudulent voting and keep the procedure organized. It is helpful in case of fraudulent votes.
Registration is the process of knowing the identity of the voter. it is helpful in preventing fraudulent votes. It helps in knowing that the person from that country and also a genuine person.
Purge is simply the process of reviewing the lists of registered voters and removing the name of the persons who are no longer available or eligible.
In the election system, there is a need for Voter list maintenance in which names of the persons of the country are available.
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two most important environmental factors affecting animals
The two most important environmental factors are biotic and abiotic factors affecting animals.
what are the difference between abiotic and biotic factor ?Biotic factors are living beings of an ecosystem where as abiotic factors are non-living like physical and chemical agents in the ecosystem.
Biotic factor dependent on abiotic factor, but abiotic factor are independent.
Biotic factor affects the biome, individual species, population biosphere,, where as abiotic factor affects species, their population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.
Biotic factor are plants, animals, bacteria, algae where as abiotic factors are soil, topography, climate of an ecosystem.
Biotic factor is subjective but abiotic factor is objective.
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As the tide rises and the water flows towards the sea shore, the plants growing at the sea shores wilt. What process is responsible for such effect? A osmosis B diffusion C transpiration D active transport
Answer:
A. Osmosis
Explanation:
When plants are placed into a strong sugar or salt solution water will pass out of the cells by osmosis. As water passes out, the sap vacuole starts to shrink. These cells are no longer firm they are limp. We say that they are flaccid and the plant will wilt.
The process that is responsible for this effect is known as osmosis. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is Osmosis?Osmosis may be defined as the process that significantly involves the movement of solute molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration of solution through a semipermeable membrane. It is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
It is very frequently observed that when plants are exposed to a strong sugar or salt solution, water will eventually be passed out of the cells through the process known as osmosis. As water passes out, the vacuole within the cell starts to shrink. It can be said that they are flaccid and the plant will definitely be in the process of wilting.
Therefore, the process that is responsible for this effect is known as osmosis. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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This is for bio , translation and transcription genetics labelling help me pls
The inner cellular layer of trophoblast that remains intact inside the blastocyst is termed the?
The inner cellular layer of trophoblast that remains intact inside the blastocyst is termed Cytotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of the trophoblast.
It is found on the outer side of the Blastocyst and inner side of the Syncytiotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast remains intact inside the blastocyst and is present as a inner cellular layer of trophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast produces several hormones like:
GnRHProgesteroneHCGEstrogenCytotrophoblast attaches the fetus that is growing to the uterine wall of the mother's body.
It plays an important role in embyro's transplantation.
Cytotrophoblast releases Proteinaceous enzymes between the endometrial cells allowing many finger-like projections.
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If you were looking to change your work on stomata to suit your awake-at-night personality, with which plants would you choose to work?
What protein in brown adipose tissue help to dissipate heat in hibernating mammals during winter?
UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) in brown adipose tissue help to dissipate heat in hibernating mammals during winter.
What is the purpose of uncoupling proteins in mammalian brown adipose tissue?
The uncoupling protein, also known as thermogenin, is a 33 kDa inner-membrane mitochondrial protein that is found only in brown adipocytes in mammals. It serves as a proton transporter, allowing the proton gradient produced by the respiratory chain to be dissipated as heat and uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in the process.
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a membrane protein that is present in the mitochondrial inner membrane of brown adipose tissue and helps mammals produce heat without shuddering. By including an uncoupler (FCCP), you can reduce the proton motive force and raise the level of cellular respiration by causing a short circuit of protons on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Substrate oxidation is the primary indicator of oxygen consumption in this condition.
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Scientists in the field of evo-devo have determined that evolutionary changes can be a result of changes in ________.
Scientists in the field of evo-devo have determined that evolutionary changes can be a result of changes in homeotic genes.
Homeotic genes are a class of genes that regulate how the body forms in the early stages of organism development. These genes produce proteins known as transcription factors that instruct cells to generate different body components.
In the hierarchy of genes governing the initial stages of embryonic development in Drosophila, homeotic genes play a key role. They are involved in defining the unique identities of each of the insect's bodily parts.
Evo-devo offers proof that significant morphological change is both feasible and not always necessitated by significant alterations in the DNA. Gilbert (2003) and Arthur (2004) have also argued that when teaching evolution, development should be taken into consideration.
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When testing a four-wheel drive electronic component, the technician will use a scan tool to pull codes, and then a ________ to diagnose any codes found.
Answer: Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Explanation:aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
what does the model represent?
