Serial dilution by mixing 1 microliter of the sample with 0.999 ml of diluent, you might create 1/1,000. because standard pipettors cannot reliably measure 1 microliter (or even 10 microliters). In order to get 1/1,000, perform three sequential 1/10 dilutions (0.1 ml [100 microliters] into 0.9 ml).
A dilution factor (DF) of 10 indicates a 1:10 dilution, or 1 component solute plus 9 parts diluent for a total of 10 parts. The DF can be used alone or as the fraction's denominator. Another method is to first dilute the stock by 1/10 times, and then further dilute it by 1/100: The dilution is 1/10 x 1/10 x 1/100 = 1/10,000. This would result in a stock dilution of 1/10,000 yielding 100 ml.
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Which characteristic was not necessary in order for plants to colonize land?A. Vascular tissue for moving water throughout the plant
B. a waxy cuticle to reduce water loss
C. the ability to screen ultraviolet light
D. the development of thick spore walls to protect the spore from dehydration
E. development of embryos protected inside other tissues
C. the ability to screen ultraviolet light was not necessary in order for plants to colonize land.
Although it is undoubtedly beneficial for shielding the plant from damaging UV rays, it is not necessary for a successful colonization. More crucial for plants to survive in a terrestrial environment were other adaptations including vascular tissue for transporting water throughout the plant, a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss, and the development of strong spore walls to guard the spore from dehydration. To colonize the land the plant need system to acquire water and nutrient given by roots, and way to reduce water losses, also prevention against high intensity sunlight.
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if a species of plant is dioecious, can it self-pollinate?
For two reasons, the reproductive potential of dioecious plant species may be limited by severe pollen restriction and narrow seed shadows. For starters, they cannot selfpollinate, and seed production occurs only when pollinators transfer from males to females.
Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the same plant reaches an ovule or the stigma of a flower (in flowering plants) (in gymnosperms).
In geitonogamy, pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same flowering plant, or from the microsporangium to the ovule within a single (monoecious) gymnosperm. In autogamy, pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same flowering plant.
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polar bears typically give birth to between one and three cubs once every two or three years. what is true of this species? the species is r-selected. the species has type 2 survivorship. the young have a high probability of survival. polar bears do not take care of their offspring.
In a den, polar bear cubs are born from November to January. In late March or early April, the mother and cubs leave their den. Birth Rate Adult females typically give birth once every three years.
The polar bear is considered a vulnerable species because of the anticipated habitat loss brought on by climate change. After years of heavy hunting, concerns about the species' future were raised, but as controls and quotas were put in place, population levels started to increase once more. Polar bears continue to retain a special position in the traditions of the circumpolar peoples because they have been crucial to their material, spiritual, and cultural existence for thousands of years. In the past, "white bears" have also been used to describe polar bears in literature. It is sometimes referred to as "nanook," which is taken from the Inuit word "nanuq."
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what is the correct sequence of these events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on earth? 1. origin of mitochondria 2. origin of multicellular eukaryotes 3. origin of chloroplasts 4. origin of cyanobacteria
The sequence will be: 4, 3, 1, 2, i.e., origin of cyanobacteria, origin of chloroplasts, origin of mitochondria, origin of multicellular eukaryotes, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on earth.
Evolutionary biologists have continued to investigate a variety of elements of evolution by formulating and testing hypotheses and concepts based on information from the field or laboratory and data generated using the tools of mathematical and theoretical biology. Their discoveries have influenced the development of biology as well as numerous other fields in science and industry, including computer science, agriculture, and medicine.
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QuestionThe production of a new individual from the parent is called AReproductionBPropagationCCloningDNone of the aboveMedium
The production of a new individual from the parent is called Reproduction option a)
Reproduction is the process of producing children. It is possible to reproduce in two ways: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. An organism that reproduces sexually integrates the genetic information from both parents and is genetically distinct. Asexual reproduction occurs when one parent copies itself to produce genetically identical kids.
The process of producing new species/organisms is known as reproduction. Sexual and asexual reproduction are both possible. Reproduction is necessary for the survival of a species. It ensures that similar types of people be passed down from generation to generation.
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Which feature of bacteria is not considered to be a defensive structure?
A: cell walls
B: endospores
C: capsules
D: R plasmids
E: F plasmids
Bacterial F plasmids are not thought to be a protective structure.
F, or fertility factor, is a characteristic of F plasmids. It also goes by the name "sex factor," and it aids in the genetic material transfer from one bacterium to another. The F factor is typically transferred by the bacterium that has it through conjugation to another bacterium that does not have it. The F plasmid, also known as the F-factor, is a large, circular conjugative plasmid of Escherichia coli measuring 100 kbp. It was first described as a vector for gene recombination and horizontal gene transfer in the late 1940s. Since then, bacterial conjugation has been modelled after F and related F-like plasmids.
Because the F-plasmid has all the necessary genes for transfer, including the ability to create sex pili and activate DNA synthesis at the plasmid's transfer origin, it is known as conjugative (oriT). The recipients transform into F+ male cells after receiving the F-plasmid.
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The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the _____. a) Iliac crest b) Ischial spine c) Anterior gluteal line d) Anterior superior iliac spine
The ridge like superior edge of the ilium is known as the Iliac crest.
The iliac crest is a ridge-like superior edge of the ilium bone, which is one of the three bones that make up the hip bone. It is a large and thick curved bone that forms the uppermost part of the pelvis. The iliac crest serves as an attachment site for muscles of the abdominal wall, back, and hip. It also provides protection to the underlying structures, such as the kidneys and intestines. The ischial spine is a bony projection that extends from the ischium bone and is located inferior to the ilium. The anterior gluteal line and anterior superior iliac spine are also bony landmarks on the ilium bone.
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5.a parasite that draws blood, irritates the skin, and causes restlessness is most likely a/an a.ectoparasite b.endoparasite c.helminth d.vector
Ectoparasite: A parasite that disturbs sleep, irritates the skin, and draws blood.
Humans are susceptible to three main forms of parasites: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. Ectoparasites such as lice, sheep ticks, ticks, fleas, and mange mites have been linked to a variety of health issues, including mechanical tissue damage, irritation, inflammation, hypersensitivity, abscesses, weight loss, lameness, anaemia, and in some extreme cases, the death of infected animals with the resulting... Ectoparasites are organisms that can cause harm to the host because they can survive in the skin or skin-related growths of the host for a variety of periods of time. Examples of typical human ectoparasites include lice, fleas, bedbugs, mites, and ticks. The most prevalent foodborne parasites in the United States are roundworms like Trichinella spp. and Anisakis spp., protozoa like Giardia intestinalis, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Toxoplasma gondii, and tapeworms like Diphyllobothrium spp. and Taenia spp.
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Is the coding sequence does not have promoter before ot rna or protein
If a coding sequence does not have a promoter before it, it is unlikely that it will be transcribed into RNA or protein.
What is a promoter?A promoter is a sequence of DNA that regulates the expression of a gene, which is the coding sequence that encodes for either RNA or protein. The promoter provides the initiation site for transcription, the process by which RNA is synthesized from the DNA template.
If a coding sequence does not have a promoter before it, it is unlikely that it will be transcribed into RNA, and even if it is transcribed, it will not be translated into protein. This is because the promoter is responsible for regulating the expression of the gene, and without it, the gene will not be activated and its product will not be produced.
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A _____ consists of a common ancestral species and all its descendant species
A "clade" consists of a common ancestral species and all its descendant species.
A" clade" consists of a common ancestral species and all its assignee species. Clades are important in evolutionary biology and systematics, as they give a way to organize and classify organisms grounded on their evolutionary connections. Clades can be linked grounded on participated characteristics, inheritable relatedness, or both. The use of clades allows scientists to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth and make prognostications about the characteristics of defunct or yet- to-be-discovered species. Over the last many decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized natural bracket and revealed surprising evolutionary connections among organisms. Decreasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that aren't clades; that is, taxa that aren't monophyletic. Some of the connections between organisms that the molecular biology arm of cladistics has revealed include that fungi are closer cousins to creatures than they're to shops, archaea are now considered different from bacteria, and multicellular organisms may have evolved from archaea.
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what structure is highlighted? right ventricle left auricle left ventricle right auricle superior vena cava
Blood flow through the heart is Superior/Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Aorta.
How would you define blood flow?
The movement of blood through the vessels, from arteries to capillaries and ultimately into veins, is known as blood flow.
Through the superior and inferior vena cava, blood enters the right atrium and then moves to the right ventricle. The blood is then sent to the lungs, where it receives oxygen.
The left atrium is now where oxygen-rich blood enters, followed by the left ventricle and eventually the aorta, which transports blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
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Note: The correct option would be as bellow,
Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals? A. vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein. B. vena cava → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary artery. C. left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation. D. vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery
where do proteins fold in the prokaryotic cell
Answer:
It can fold in the central cavity.
Explanation:
cardiac muscle tissue contains fewer mitochondria than are found in skeletal muscle tissue. true/false
False. Due to its far more intricate structure, cardiac muscle differs greatly from skeletal muscle. Unlike skeletal muscles, which can only contract, cardiac muscle can also relax.
In comparison to skeletal muscles, heart tissue will therefore have far more atypical forms. T tubules in cardiac muscle cells connect to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is where calcium ions are stored for use in cell contraction.
The myocardium is a delicate yet sturdy membrane that encircles and shields the heart and the tissues that are connected to it. Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium are the three layers that make up the heart wall.
The endocardium surrounds the heart valves and borders the interior of the four heart chambers. On top of the outer surface, the epicardial forms a thin layer.
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What type of blood vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system? A) muscular artery B) metarterioles E) conducting correct C) arterioles F) all are correct D) veins G) none
Option A), Muscular artery is the type of blood vessel that is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system.
Muscular arteries have thick walls with a high density of smooth muscle cells, which allow them to constrict and dilate in response to changes in blood pressure and flow. This allows muscular arteries to regulate blood flow and maintain a stable pressure in the cardiovascular system, even under conditions of high demand or stress. Muscular arteries are the largest and most muscular type of artery in the human body. They are designed to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system, due to their role in distributing blood to the organs and tissues of the body. The walls of muscular arteries contain three layers: the tunica intima, the tunica media, and the tunica adventitia. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of the artery wall and is in direct contact with the blood flowing through the vessel. It is composed of endothelial cells that form a smooth, non-adhesive surface to prevent blood clotting and to allow easy flow of blood. The tunica media is the middle layer of the artery wall and contains many layers of smooth muscle cells. This muscle layer is responsible for the contraction and dilation of the artery in response to the signals from the sympathetic nervous system.
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Which of these types of changes produces a physical change?
1. Making a new substance
2. Changing one substance into another
3. Breaking apart one substance to make two substances
4. Changing a substance from one state to another
Changing a substance from one state to another produces a physical change. So, the correct option is D.
What is Physical change?Physical changes are defined as changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition, which are used to separate mixtures into their constituent compounds, but usually to separate the compounds into chemical substances cannot be used to separate into elements or simpler compounds.
Some types of physical changes are changes in texture, shape, temperature, and state of matter.
Thus, changing a substance from one state to another produces a physical change. So, the correct option is D.
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Which of the following is called as the brain of the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosomes
D. Plasma membrane
Answer:
Brain of the cell:
Nucleus
Sort the steps of translation in the correct sequence from beginning to end
4, 1, 3, 5, and 2 should be the proper order of translation steps
The translation's steps are-
Following the transcription of DNA into RNA in the cell's nucleus, the ribosomes in the cytoplasm create proteins through a process known as translation. The procedures are listed for the translation in order from 1 to 5 in accordance with the query. As a result, the procedure is split up into different stages.
The empty tRNA goes away and then takes up another complementary amino acid, forming the proper sequence with the anticodon of the tRNA and its attached amino acid.
A peptide bond is created by the ribosome. Up until the ribosome encounters a stop codon on the mRNA, this sequence is repeated.
The empty tRNA goes to another matching pair of amino acids once the tRNA's anticodon has been linked to an amino acid and paired with the Condon. The next sequence is created when the second specifies the amino acid.
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The above question is incomplete. Check complete question below-
Put the steps of translation in the correct order from 1-5.
The empty tRNA moves off and picks up another matching amino acid from the cytoplasm in the cell. This sequence is repeated until the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, which signals the end of protein synthesis. When a second tRNA with its specific amino acid pairs to the next codon in sequence, the attached amino acid breaks from the first tRNA and is bonded to the amino acid of the second tRNA. The anticodon of the tRNA, with its attached amino acid, pairs to the codon of the mRNA, which is attached to the ribosome. The ribosome forms a peptide bond between amino acids, and an amino acid chain begins to form.A symbiotic relationship where all organisms in the relationship benefit is known as aA. parasitismB. mutualism/C. commensalism
Option B, A symbiotic relationship where all organisms in the relationship benefit is known as mutualism.
In a mutualistic relationship, both organisms involved benefit from the relationship. This can include access to resources, protection from predators, or other advantages. Mutualism is a type of symbiosis, which refers to the close and prolonged interaction between different species. In contrast, parasitism involves one organism benefiting at the expense of another, while commensalism involves one organism benefiting while the other is unaffected. Mutualism relationships are common in nature and can be found between many different types of organisms, including plants and pollinators, bacteria and host organisms, and animals that engage in mutual grooming.
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which two of the following statements regarding heterotrophs are true? a. amino acids may be a good carbon source for a teterotroph. b. most heterotrophs are restricted to just a few caron substrates
Amino acids may be a good carbon source for a heterotroph
What roles do heterotrophs play?
There is no doubt that heterotrophs serve as consumers in the food chain. Additionally, they obtain nutrition through holozoic, saprotrophic, and parasitic sources. They also enjoy dissecting sophisticated organic molecules.
As heterotrophs are unable to produce their own food, they must consume it or absorb it. Heterotrophs are also referred to as consumers because of this. Contrary to autotrophs, which must use some of their energy for carbon fixation, heterotrophs are able to utilise all of the energy they acquire from food for growth and reproduction by eating reduced carbon molecules.
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Which of these happens as the moon travels from position 3 to position 4?
A waxing gibbous happens as the moon travels from the position 3 to position 4. Therefore, the correct option is C.
What is a waxing gibbous moon?A waxing gibbous moon is a phase of the moon that occurs between a first quarter moon and a full moon. During this phase, the illuminated portion of the moon appears to be more than half but not fully illuminated, as seen from the perspective of an observer on Earth.
The term “waxing” means that the illuminated portion of the moon is increasing in size, while “gibbous” means that the moon appears to be more than half but less than fully illuminated.
This phase of the moon is visible in the sky during the afternoon and evening, rising in the east in the mid-afternoon and setting in the west in the early morning. Therefore, the correct option is C.
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The question is incomplete, but most probably the complete question is,
Which of these happens as the moon travels from position 3 to position 4?
A. New moon
B. Full moon
C. Waxing gibbous
D. Half moon
If you are busy all day and do not have time to eat, the hormone that will be released by your pancreas is a. prolactin b. cortisol c. glucagon d. insulin.
Your pancreas will release the hormone glucagon if you are too busy to eat during the day.
The pancreas releases more glucagon when blood sugar levels get dangerously low. This hormone assists in restoring blood glucose in a number of ways: It prompts the liver to transform saved glucose into a form that may be used, after which it is released into the bloodstream. (A method known as glycogenolysis.) During a fast, the pancreas secretes more glucagon when blood glucose levels drop. A 29-amino acid peptide hormone produced "glucagon" is mostly released by the pancreatic alpha cells. Insulin and glucagon, which control the amount of glucose in the blood, are the primary hormones secreted by endocrine gland in the pancreas.
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Both carrier and _________ proteins are involved in passive transport of molecules through the cell membrane.
The remedy lies in channels. When molecules are passively transported through a cell membrane, both channel and carrier proteins are involved.
Integral proteins known as "carrier proteins" can change form in response to binding to a particular molecule to aid that molecule's transport across the cell membrane. Pumps for sodium and potassium are two examples of carrier proteins. Ion channels are a type of hydrophilic pore in the membrane that is formed by channel proteins, commonly known as ion channels. In response to an electrical or chemical stimulus, these proteins allow ions to pass across the membrane. Aquaporins and chloride channels are illustrative of channel proteins. Integral membrane proteins called carrier proteins move ions, tiny molecules, and macromolecules like proteins and carbohydrates across biological membranes. The aqueous channels that channel proteins create on the cell membrane allow for the passage of particular ions and tiny molecules. They are membrane proteins that are structurally integral to the membrane.
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Explain how rocks play a major role in both relative and numerical dating
Relative dating is the process of assigning a date based on the rock layer and any known objects discovered at a similar level. The amount of half-lives that a rock has had can be used in numerical dating to determine the rock's age.
The practice of estimating an object's age based on its surroundings is known as relative dating. A billion-year-old rock will probably be buried deeper in the earth than the most recent smartphone that you just dropped, according to the fundamental and overarching notion. There are numerous approaches to doing this. To put it another way, items of the same age usually have the same depth. But, numerical dating gives us a more precise way to establish an object's age. Rocks, fossils, and artifacts don't come with birth certificates stating when they were made, so we utilize a range of other techniques to establish their ages, including radioactive dating.
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Capsules are neutrally charged. This being the case, what is the purpose of emulsifying the sample in serum in this staining procedure
Capsules structures are neutral, emulsification is necessary when staining them. The bacterial sample is emulsified in serum using a technique designed to improve adherence since serum acts like glue.
It aids in the bacterial samples' adhesion to the glass slides. Capsular material and the bacterial cell are distinguished from one another using the capsule stain. A capsule is a gelatinous coating that surrounds and clings to the cell wall and is secreted by bacterial cells. Although some capsules contain polypeptides, most capsules are made of polysaccharides. They came to the conclusion that trypan-blue dye staining of the anterior lens capsule was a practical and secure procedure for carrying out anterior capsulorhexis in mature and hypermature cataracts.
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Why do more chromosomes result in increased recombination?
More chromosomes result in increased recombination because they are involved in crossovers which results in recombination and the exchange of genetic material between the maternal and paternal chromosomes.
What is a Chromosome?This is referred to as a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
They are involved in crossovers which is why in a scenario where there are more chromosomes then there is increased recombination thereby making it the correct choice.
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Photosynthesis is the process in a plant cell where____ captures energy from sunlight and uses it to make food.
A.Ribosomes
B.Chlorophyll
C.cytoplasm
D.a vacuole
Photosynthesis is the process in a plant cell where Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight and uses it to make food.
What is the role of chloroyhyll?Chlorophyll is a green pigment that is essential for the process of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and some bacteria. Its primary function is to absorb light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy that can be used by the organism.
Chlorophyll is located in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is responsible for capturing light energy during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and red parts of the spectrum and reflects green light, which is why plants appear green.
In addition to its role in photosynthesis, chlorophyll has also been found to have other beneficial properties. It is a powerful antioxidant and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, among others. In summary, chlorophyll is a critical component for the survival of photosynthetic organisms and has a range of potential health benefits for humans as well.
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nutrient are essential chemical substances that must be consumed for normal cellular metabolism and growth. (true or false)
True. Nutrients are essential chemical substances that must be consumed by organisms for normal cellular metabolism and growth.
They are required in varying amounts by different organisms and play important roles in maintaining the structure and function of cells and tissues. There are six main classes of nutrients that are essential for human health, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. These nutrients are obtained through a balanced diet that includes a variety of different foods from different food groups. In addition, many organisms, including humans, are not able to synthesize certain nutrients and must obtain them from the diet.
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What are the main differences between domain bacteria and archaea?
The main differences are based on that bacteria carry out glycolysis and citric acid cycle, while archaea do not contain peptidoglycans in the cell wall.
What are archea and bacteria domains?The archaea and bacteria domains are the two divisions of prokaryotic unicellular microorganisms which can be differentiated by the fact that metabolic pathways to obtain energy are different and also in the composition of the cell wall.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that archaea and bacteria domains can be classified according to different structures and compositions of the cell wall.
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both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, including h. walsbyi, require ribosomes for translation. the bacterial ribosome is a target of some antibiotics, such as tetracyclines. why is the bacterial ribosome used as a target for drug development? select all that apply.
The bacterial ribosome was chosen as a therapeutic target because
Protein synthesis by ribosomes helps bacteria survive and also result in the production of toxins that can be harmful. Bacterial cells' ribosomes differ structurally from eukaryotic cells' ribosomes.Explain about the bacterial ribosome?The bacterial ribosome is a substantial ribonucleoprotein particle that measures 200–250 nm in diameter and has an estimated molecular mass of 2.5 MDa. The functionally challenging translation of mRNA-based specific genes into amino acid sequences of proteins is being carried out by this complicated macromolecular machine.For the stated question-
Both prokaryotic cells as well as eukaryotic cells, especially h. walsbyi, necessitate ribosomes for translation. Some antibiotics, including tetracyclines, have the bacterial ribosome as their target.Thus, the bacterial ribosome was chosen as a therapeutic target because
Protein synthesis by ribosomes helps bacteria survive and also result in the production of toxins that can be harmful. Bacterial cells' ribosomes differ structurally from eukaryotic cells' ribosomes.To know more about the bacterial ribosome, here
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The complete question is-
Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, including h. walsbyi, require ribosomes for translation. the bacterial ribosome is a target of some antibiotics, such as tetracyclines. why is the bacterial ribosome used as a target for drug development? select all that apply.
ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis that facilitate bacterial survival and may produce disease-causing toxinsthe ribosomes of bacterial cells have a distinct structure from those in eukaryotic cellsthe copying mechanism of dna is most like a) taking a picture of yourself and of your reflection in a mirror. b) mixing flour, sugar, and water to make bread dough. c) dripping water out of a faucet. d) carving a figure out of wood. chapter 11
The copying mechanism of DNA is most like, taking a picture of yourself and of your reflection in a mirror. Thus, A is the correct option.
This is because DNA replication involves the complementary base pairing of nucleotides, which is similar to the way in which flour, sugar, and water combine to form a cohesive dough.In the process of DNA replication, the two strands of the double helix are separated, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
The nucleotides that make up the new strand are added one by one in a specific order, based on the complementary base pairing rules (A-T and C-G). This process results in the formation of two identical DNA molecules, each with one original and one newly synthesized strand.
Similarly, when making bread dough, flour, sugar, and water are combined in a specific order and mixed to form a cohesive mixture. As the mixture is kneaded, the ingredients become fully incorporated and form a homogeneous dough. This process is similar to the way in which nucleotides are added one by one during DNA replication, resulting in the formation of two identical DNA molecules.
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