The characteristics that define a chordate are the presence of four specific morphological traits. A well-developed circulatory system is a common trait in chordates, but it is not one of the defining characteristics.
The characteristics that define a chordate are:
A notochord - a flexible, rod-like structure that runs along the dorsal (back) side of the body. The notochord provides support and allows for movement in some chordates.
A dorsal hollow nerve cord - a tube-like structure that runs along the dorsal (back) side of the body and develops into the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
Pharyngeal slits or pouches - paired openings in the pharynx (throat) region that function in filter-feeding, respiration, or other specialized functions depending on the species.
Post-rectal tail - an extension of the body past the orifice that contains muscle tissue and functions in movement and balance.
These four characteristics are present in all chordates at some point in their development.
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The given question is incorrect. The correct question is given as follows:
Which characteristics define a chordate?
a. The presence of a well-developed circulatory system
b. The development of an orifice from the blastopore
c. The ability to live on land
d. The presence of four specific morphological traits
Convergent and coevolution similarities
Convergent and coevolution are similar in such a way that they involves two species that independently develop similar characteristics as a result of a common evolutionary goal.
What is Coevolution?This is referred to as the process which occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection.
It has some similarities with convergent evolution such that it involves two species that independently develop similar characteristics so as to achieve a common evolutionary goal as a result of diufferent forms of environmental changes.
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costal facets are found on the ________ vertebrae.
Costal facets are found on the thoracic vertebrae.
What is Costal facets?Costal facets are small, synovial articulations found between the anterior and posterior tubercles of the ribs. They are formed by the junction of the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebra. These facets act as gliding joints, which allow the rib to move during respiration. They also provide stability to the thoracic spine, allowing it to support the weight of the thorax and its organs. In addition, costal facets provide a way for muscles to attach to the ribs. This allows for the rib cage to expand and contract during breathing. The costal facets also play a role in providing cushioning between the rib and vertebral joint, helping to increase comfort and reduce the risk of injury.
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homeowners can reduce their ecological footprint through conservation landscaping techniques. describe how one conservation landscaping technique can reduce home electricity consumption during cold winters.
Add soil amendments or mulch to landscaped areas to prevent evaporation water loss from the soils around trees as well as other landscaped vegetation helps in reducing the home electricity consumption during cold winters.
Explain about the conservation landscaping technique.A strategically positioned tree, bush, or vine can serve as a windbreak, provide efficient shade, and lower your energy costs.
Trees that are strategically placed can reduce energy use in ordinary homes by up to 25%.This solar heat gain can be decreased by including shade from landscaping components. As much as 6° F can be deducted from the ambient air temperature by trees' shading combined evapotranspiration (a process through which a plant continuously moves as well as releases water vapour).Thus, add soil amendments or mulch to landscaped areas to prevent evaporation water loss from the soils around trees as well as other landscaped vegetation helps in reducing the home electricity consumption during cold winters.
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a substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
Muscles are not likely to tear from their bones because perforating fibers of collagen attach the tendons and periosteum to the cortical surfaces of bone
True or False
The statement is true. Muscles are attached to bones through tendons, which are composed of dense regular connective tissue made primarily of collagen fibers.
The tendons attach to the periosteum, which is the outer layer of bone, and the perforating fibers of collagen attach the tendons and periosteum to the cortical surfaces of the bone.
The perforating fibers, also called Sharpey's fibers, are bundles of collagen fibers that extend from the periosteum into the cortical bone. They anchor the tendons to the bone and provide a strong attachment that resists tearing and pulling forces.
When a muscle contracts, it exerts force on the tendon, which in turn pulls on the bone to produce movement. The strong attachment between the tendon and bone provided by the perforating fibers is crucial for allowing this movement to occur without tearing the muscle away from the bone.
In summary, the perforating fibers of collagen fibers that attach tendons and periosteum to the cortical surfaces of bone play an important role in preventing muscles from tearing away from their attachment points.
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Which of the following mRNA modifications are common in human cells? a) alternative splicing b) intron removal and exon joining c) 3 poly-A tail addition d) 5' cap addition e 5' cap addition, intron removal and exon joining, 3 poly-A tail addition and alternative el splicing
The most accurate answer is (e) 5' cap addition, intron removal and exon joining, 3 poly-A tail addition, and alternative splicing.
These four types of modifications are common in human cells and play a crucial role in regulating gene expression.
The 5' cap addition involves the addition of a modified guanine nucleotide to the 5' end of mRNA, which protects the mRNA from degradation and assists in translation initiation. Intron removal and exon joining is a process in which non-coding regions (introns) of pre-mRNA are removed and the remaining coding regions (exons) are joined together to form mature mRNA. The 3' poly-A tail addition involves the addition of a long chain of adenine nucleotides to the 3' end of mRNA, which plays a role in mRNA stability and nuclear export.
Alternative splicing is a process in which different combinations of exons within a pre-mRNA molecule are spliced together to generate multiple mRNA isoforms, leading to the production of multiple protein isoforms from a single gene. Alternative splicing is a common mechanism used to generate protein diversity in eukaryotes, and it is estimated that over 90% of human genes undergo alternative splicing.
In summary, all of the options listed are involved in mRNA processing to some extent, but the most comprehensive and accurate answer is e) 5' cap addition, intron removal and exon joining, 3 poly-A tail addition, and alternative splicing.
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glucose is in a high concentration in extracellular fluid. how can we increase the movement of glucose into a cell?
The activity of the cotransporter increases the glucose concentration inside the cells.
Glucose is transported across the apical plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells by the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT, purple protein in the figure at right). Transport via the sodium-glucose cotransporter is referred to as secondary active transport because transport depends upon the Na+ gradient (which is established using the energy of ATP hydrolysis).
Just after a meal, there will be abundant glucose in the lumen of the intestine, favoring absorption. Towards the end of the absorptive phase of a meal, however, the cotransporter is still able to move glucose into the cell (uphill against its concentration gradient) because of the strong Na+ concentration gradient. This is what is depicted in the figure, where the size of the type for Na+ and glucose indicates their relative concentrations.
The Na+ gradient is established through active transport by the Na+/K+-ATPase (red), which is located on the basolateral membrane. The activity of the cotransporter increases the glucose concentration inside the cells, allowing glucose to be transported into the ECF via the glucose transporter (GLUT,blue). Facilitated diffusion of glucose into the ECF is a passive process, since glucose flows down its concentration gradient.
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one result of the ability of organisms to detect and appropriately respond to stimuli is (a) Excretion. (b) Sensitivity. (c) Nutrition. (d) Irritability.
One result of the ability of organisms to detect and appropriately respond to stimuli is sensitivity.
Define the term stimulus-induced response.
Any procedure that causes a cell or organism to change in state or activity in response to a stimulus (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme synthesis, gene expression, etc.).
Sensitivity is the capacity of an organism or organ to recognize external stimuli and respond accordingly (excitability). Animals react to a variety of stimuli. For instance, some plants even respond to touch and even bend toward a light source . Even very little bacteria can move in response to chemicals or light (a process known as chemotaxis) (phototaxis).
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pipets are used to measure and dispense small amounts of liquids. you should draw the liquid into the pipet using your mouth. true/false
Pipettes are used to measure and dispense small amounts of liquids. You should draw the liquid into the pipette using your mouth. The given statement is true.
What is pipette?
A pipette is a laboratory tool used to transport a predetermined amount of liquid, often as a media dispenser, in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
Pipettes are typically used to move small amounts of fluid or to measure and dispense liquid in milliliters. Micropipettes are more precise and subscriber when trying to measure less than 1 mL.
Pipets are instruments that measure and distribute small amounts of liquid. Using your mouth, draw the liquid into the pipette.
Even if the facilitator is not present, laboratory work can begin immediately after entering the laboratory. Never detach chemicals or other laboratory equipment.
Thus, the given statement is true.
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True or false? Genetic drift is more significant in small populations.
True. Smaller populations experience greater genetic drift.
Owing to stochastic sampling error, smaller populations typically lose their genetic diversity less quickly than larger populations (i.e., genetic drift). The reason for this is that tiny populations make it more likely for some gene variants to be lost through random chance. A mutation's frequency in a population may shift randomly from one generation to the next due to the population's limited size. This phenomenon is known as genetic drift. Small, reproductively phenotypic traits may experience rapid changes in gene frequencies due to unique conditions that are completely unrelated to mutation and natural selection. Only random variables can explain these fluctuations.
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Bacteria comes in different shapes. How can this be used to identify the source of an infection
The shape of a bacterium can provide important clues about the source of an infection. Different bacterial species have distinct shapes, which can help identify them and pinpoint the source of the infection. The size and arrangement of the bacteria can also be used to help identify them.
By examining the shape and size of the bacteria causing an infection, medical professionals can sometimes determine the type of bacteria involved and the most appropriate treatment. For example, certain antibiotics may be more effective against gram-positive cocci (spherical bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall) than against gram-negative bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria that have a thinner peptidoglycan cell wall as well as an outer membrane).
Additionally, knowing the shape of the bacteria can sometimes help identify the source of the infection, such as whether it came from contaminated food, water, or a person's own microbiota.
It is important to note that identifying the source of an infection based on the shape of the bacteria is just one aspect of a comprehensive diagnosis. Other factors, such as the symptoms, location of the infection, and results of diagnostic tests, must also be taken into account to determine the most effective treatment.
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what happens with gametes to create chromosomal abnormalities?
Gametes are reproductive cells that contain half the genetic material of an individual. When two gametes combine during fertilization, the resulting embryo will have a full set of chromosomes.
What is genetic?Genetics is the study of how traits and characteristics are passed down from parents to offspring. It is a branch of biology that focuses on the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. This information is stored in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is a complex molecule made up of four nucleotides.
Chromosomal abnormalities can occur when there is an alteration in the number or structure of the chromosomes. This can happen when the gametes contain an incorrect number of chromosomes or if the chromosomes have been damaged in some way. These abnormalities can be caused by external factors such as radiation or other environmental insults, or they can occur spontaneously. When a gamete contains an incorrect number of chromosomes, it is known as aneuploidy. Examples of aneuploidy include trisomy (an extra chromosome), monosomy (a missing chromosome), and polyploidy (more than two sets of chromosomes). Structural chromosomal abnormalities occur when a piece of a chromosome is missing, duplicated, inverted, or translocated. These abnormalities can be caused by errors in the processes of gamete formation or by external factors such as radiation or drugs.
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what can be inferred from observed similarities in the forelimbs of humans, dogs and bats?
From the similarities observed in the forelimbs of humans, dogs and bats, we can conclude that these organisms share a common ancestor.
What is common ancestry and how is it determined?An ancestor shared by two or more descendants is a common ancestor. Common ancestry of two biological siblings includes parents and grandparents. The common ancestors of coyotes and wolves include the first dogs and the first mammals. Common ancestry refers to the fact that different lineages share the same lineage.
Do all humans have a common ancestor?They point out that all humans living today inherited mitochondrial DNA from a common ancestor, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, but this represents only a tiny fraction of our total genetic material.
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What is the stomatal pore flanked by?
7. in pea plants, round seeds (r) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (y) are dominant to green seeds (y). if you were to cross a rryy plant with a rryy plant, what proportion of the offspring would have wrinkled, yellow seeds? what proportion would have round, green seeds?
Round and yellow pea seeds are produced as a result of a cross between certain round, green-seeded peas and yellow, wrinkled peas. A. RY, rY, Ry, ry.
The haploid-numbered reproductive or sex cells are known as gametes. In every creature, gametes only contain one copy of each gene or chromosome. Unlike the male gamete, which is known as sperm or pollen, the male gamete is known as an egg or ovum.
The genotype of the heterozygous plant in this instance is RrYy. There would be one copy of each gene in each gamete. A dominant R and a dominant Y allele, as well as a recessive R and a recessive Y allele, are present in the gametes. Each one generates 25% of RY, Ry, rY, and ry.
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why is it logical to observe that wind-pollinated species usually grow in dense stands containing many individuals of the same species? why is it logical to observe that wind-pollinated species usually grow in dense stands containing many individuals of the same species? this increases genetic diversity in a population. wind-pollinated species maximize the chance that the pollen will be blown away from the individual. wind-pollinated species become able to withstand strong wind, which increases their fitness. wind-pollinated species maximize the chance that the wind will carry pollen from one individual to another.
The correct answer is "wind-pollinated species maximize the chance that the wind will carry pollen from one individual to another."
It is logical to observe that wind-pollinated species usually grow in dense stands containing many individuals of the same species because it maximizes the chance that the wind will carry pollen from one individual to another. Wind is an unpredictable and diffuse pollination agent compared to animals such as bees, which are more targeted in their pollination activity. Therefore, wind-pollinated species must produce large quantities of pollen to increase the chances of successful pollination. Growing in dense stands with many individuals of the same species increases the likelihood that pollen from one individual will reach another, which is necessary for successful fertilization. This strategy is also an adaptation to reduce the waste of valuable resources by preventing the dispersion of pollen into areas where it has a lower chance of successfully pollinating other individuals.
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when a phenotype seemingly has a advatnage for an organism, what might happen to the frequency of the allele
If a phenotype seemingly has an advantage for an organism, it is likely that the frequency of the corresponding allele will increase over time.
This is because organisms with the advantageous phenotype are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing the advantageous allele to their offspring. Over many generations, this process of natural selection can lead to the increase in frequency of the advantageous allele in the population, as individuals with the allele have a greater likelihood of passing it on to their offspring.
This can eventually result in the fixation of the advantageous allele, meaning that it becomes the only allele present at the corresponding gene locus in the population.
However, the rate and extent of the increase in the frequency of the advantageous allele will depend on various factors, such as the degree of advantage conferred by the allele, the population size, the mutation rate, the genetic drift, and the degree of gene flow between populations. These factors can influence the speed and direction of evolutionary change in a population, shaping the genetic diversity and adaptation of organisms over time.
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a sample of chloroplasts is illuminated until the calvin cycle intermediates reach their steady state levels, and the light is then turned off. how do the levels of ribulose-bis- phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate change with time after the light is turned off? briefly explain your reasoning
After the light is turned off in a sample of illuminated chloroplasts, the levels of ribulose-bis-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate will decrease over time.
This is because during illumination, the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis generate ATP and NADPH, which are used by the light-independent Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules, such as ribulose-bis-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate. However, once the light is turned off, the ATP and NADPH are no longer being produced, and so the Calvin cycle cannot continue to synthesize these organic molecules at the same rate. As a result, the levels of ribulose-bis-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate will gradually decrease as they are used up in other metabolic processes or are converted into other molecules. The rate of this decrease will depend on factors such as the initial levels of these intermediates, the metabolic demands of the cell, and the presence of other regulatory mechanisms.
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why is heat shock important in bacterial transformation?
DNA is more easily able to enter bacterial cells as a result of the heat shock treatment. Recovery The broth is combined with the cell suspension, and the bacteria are then allowed to rest for 30 minutes at 37°C.
During this time of recovery, the bacteria can repair their cell walls and express the gene for antibiotic resistance.
The heat shock method of converting plasmid DNA into E. coli is a fundamental molecular biology technique. It entails ligating a foreign plasmid or other product inside the bacteria. This movie explains the traditional process of transformation using easily accessible Genlantis bacteria with chemical capabilities. After a brief incubation in ice, a mixture of bacteria and DNA with chemical capabilities is heated to 42 degrees C for 45 seconds.
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Muscles are not likely to tear from their bones because Select one: a. the tendons are partially ossified at their attachment points to the periosteum. b. a circumferential lamella sandwiches the ends of the tendon onto the surface of an adjacent lamella. c. perforating fibers of collagen attach the tendons and periosteum to the cortical surfaces of bone. d. elastin fibers in the tendon can allow for stretching and recoil of the muscle.
Because collagen perforating fibers connect the tendons and periosteum to the cortical surfaces of bone, it is unlikely that muscles will separate from their bones.
Sharpey's fibres, which extend to the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae of bone, are strong collagenous fibers that bind the periosteum to the bone. An outside "fibrous layer" and an inner "cambium layer" make up the periosteum. The cambium layer contains progenitor cells that eventually become osteoblasts, which widen the bone, whereas the fibrous layer contains fibroblasts. The progenitor cells that form osteoblasts and chondroblasts after a bone fracture are crucial to the healing process. It has nociceptive nerve endings, which makes it more sensitive to manipulation than bone itself does.
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imagine that in the future we find unambiguous evidence for microbial life on mars. how could we know that this life is of independent origin? in other words, what are some properties that could indicate that this life originated on mars and not someplace else in the solar system (like earth)? select all that apply.
There are several properties that could indicate that microbial life found on Mars is of independent origin and not from Earth. These include:
1. The genetic makeup of the Martian microbes is different from that of known Earth organisms. If the Martian microbes have a different DNA or RNA sequence, amino acid composition, or other genetic characteristics from Earth life, this would suggest independent origins.
2.The Martian microbes use a different set of biochemical pathways than known Earth organisms. If the Martian microbes use different enzymes, metabolic pathways, or other biochemical processes than Earth life, this would suggest independent origins.
3.The Martian microbes are adapted to the Martian environment in ways that are different from known Earth organisms. If the Martian microbes have specific adaptations to the Martian climate, geology, or other features that are not seen in Earth life, this would suggest independent origins.
4.The Martian microbes are found in locations that are physically isolated from Earth. If the Martian microbes are found in regions of Mars that are geographically or geologically isolated from Earth (such as deep subsurface environments), this would suggest independent origins.
5.The Martian microbes have a fossil record that predates the earliest evidence of life on Earth. If the Martian microbes have a fossil record that dates back further than any known fossils on Earth, this would suggest independent origins.
6.The Martian microbes are phylogenetically distinct from Earth organisms. If the Martian microbes form a distinct branch on the tree of life, with no close evolutionary relationship to Earth life, this would suggest independent origins.
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what is the direction of synthesis of the new strand?
DNA is always synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. That is, nucleotides are added only to 3' end of the growing strand.
Why does replication occur in the 5'-3 direction?The need for fidelity may explain why DNA replication occurs only in the 5' to 3' direction. If there is a DNA polymerase that adds deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in the 3' to 5' direction, the growing 5' strand end, rather than the incoming mononucleotide, will carry the activated triphosphate. .
Are the template strands always 3 to 5?The template DNA and RNA strands are antiparallel. RNA polymerase always builds new RNA strands in the 5'-3' direction. That is, only RNA nucleotides (A, U, C, or G) can be added to the 3' end of the strand.
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Which of these are visible characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium?
-The squamous cells closer to the lumen are flatter while the squamous cells closer to the connective tissue are fuller and rounder. -There are so many layers of cells that it would be difficult to count them precisely. -Stratified squamous epithelium is always adjacent to a free space or lumen.
The epithelium is always adjacent to a free space or lumen.
What is epithelium?Epithelium is a type of tissue that lines the cavities and surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body. It is made up of cells that are packed tightly together to form a protective layer. Epithelium serves many different functions, such as forming barriers, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the body, providing sensory information, and producing secretions such as hormones and enzymes.
Yes, these are all visible characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium. Stratified squamous epithelium is composed of multiple layers of flattened cells that become increasingly full and round as you move away from the lumen. This allows for the epithelium to be more resistant to abrasion and injury. Additionally, there may be so many layers of cells that it is difficult to count them precisely. Finally, the epithelium is always adjacent to a free space or lumen.
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What are 2 physical, behavioral, and unique adaptations of giraffes and how do those adaptations help giraffes survive and/or reproduce?
Answer:
Giraffes are known for their long necks, which are one of their most distinctive adaptations. Their long necks help them reach leaves and other food sources high up in trees, allowing them to feed on vegetation that is unavailable to other grazing animals. This adaptation helps giraffes obtain sufficient sustenance and allows them to live in areas where other herbivores cannot.
Another important adaptation of giraffes is their speed and agility. Giraffes are known for their quick movements and can run at speeds of up to 35 miles per hour. This allows them to escape from predators and ensures their survival in the African savanna. The giraffe's height and long legs also help it to keep a lookout for predators and detect any danger from a distance.
In terms of reproductive adaptations, giraffes have unique, prehensile tongues that can reach up to 45 cm long. This allows them to easily grasp leaves, fruits, and other food sources, but it also makes it easier for them to mate and feed their young. Additionally, giraffes have a short gestation period compared to other animals of similar size, which allows them to have more offspring over the course of their lives, increasing their chances of survival as a species.
In conclusion, the physical adaptations of a long neck and speed and agility, as well as behavioral adaptations such as their prehensile tongues, have allowed giraffes to survive and reproduce successfully in their African habitats.
Explanation:
what is the layer that is located deep to the dermis and is not part of the skin?
The subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis or subcutis, is the skin's deepest layer. Although it isn't a true component of the skin, it aids in holding the skin to the bones and muscles.
Subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis or subcutis, is the layer of skin that is the thickest. Despite the fact that it isn't technically a component of the skin, it aids in holding the skin to the bones and muscles. The skin's nerves and blood supply are also provided by subcutaneous tissue. Fat, connective tissue, and elastin, an elastic protein that aids tissues in regaining their original shape after stretching, make up the majority of the hypodermis. The body is well insulated by the large levels of fat, which helps keep a person from overheating. The fat layer protects by cushioning the bones and muscles.
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An early consequence of the release of oxygen gas by plant and bacterial photosynthesis was to A) generate intense lightning storms. B) change the atmosphere from oxidizing to reducing. C) make it easier to maintain reduced molecules. D) cause iron in ocean water and terrestrial rocks to rust (oxidize). E) prevent the formation of an ozone layer.
An early consequence of the release of oxygen gas by plant and bacterial photosynthesis was to D) cause iron in ocean water and terrestrial rocks to rust (oxidize).
plant take in carbon dioxide and gives out oxygen to make food with use of chemical energy and the process of photosynthesis was discovered by Jan Ingenuous
It is thought that this process may take several billion years to evolve, but if this process was possible, other planets may have evolved faster than expected.
photosynthetic organism generally uses reducing agents such as hydrogen rather than water.
Well evolved flowering plants had C4 plants and a critical factor in the complex life of an organism.
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Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue are? a. vestigial organs. b. adaptations. c. homologous structures. d. fossils.
Homologous structures are ones that grow from the same embryonic tissue but have different mature shapes.
Homologous structures are believed to have evolved from a common ancestor and share a similar underlying anatomy, even though they may have different functions in different species. Examples of homologous structures include the wings of bats, birds, and insects, as well as the arms of humans and the front legs of horses. The study of homologous structures is important for understanding the evolutionary relationships between different species and can provide insights into the processes of evolution and adaptation. The presence of homologous structures is also evidence for the theory of evolution and supports the idea that all species are related through common ancestry.
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Determine weather the body plans of the animals display radial or bilateral symmetry.
The body plans of the animals display radial or bilateral symmetry and they include:
Butterfly and fish - bilateral symmetryStarfish, buttercup - radial symmetry.What is Radial symmetry?This is referred to as the type of symmetry which occurs when any plane passing through the central axis divides the body of an organism into two equal halves.
Bilateral symmetry on the other hand is a situation in which similar anatomical parts are arranged on opposite sides of a median axis so that one and only one plane can divide the individual into essentially identical halves.
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Imagine a future ecological change that may happen on the Galapagos Islands. What would be the result in the finch population?
Answer:
If an ecological change were to happen on the Galapagos Islands, it would likely result in a significant impact on the finch population. The Galapagos finches, also known as Darwin's finches, are a classic example of how species can evolve to adapt to their environment. Any changes to the environment, such as changes in food availability, competition for resources, or introduction of new predators, can affect the survival and reproduction of different finch species.
In the case of an ecological change, some finch species may be better adapted to the new conditions and their populations may increase, while others may decline. This could lead to a shift in the balance of finch species on the Galapagos Islands, and the finch populations as a whole may change.
Additionally, the loss of any single finch species could have a ripple effect on the entire ecosystem, as they play an important role in the pollination of plants and as a food source for other species. The result of an ecological change on the Galapagos Islands could therefore be significant and far-reaching, affecting not only the finch populations, but also other species and the overall ecosystem.
What are the small openings in the leaves called?
Tiny openings in leaves called stomata. Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata. Plants release water vapor into the atmosphere when stomata open to allow gases to pass over the leaf surface.
What are stomata and their functions?Stomata are epithelial cellular structures in tree leaves and needles that support plant growth and exchange carbon dioxide and water with the environment.
How do stomata open and close?It is surrounded by two guard cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata. Stomata are open during the day for gas exchange and release of water vapor during transpiration. Stomata open and close due to changes in the turgor pressure of guard cells.
Why do plants need stomata?This evolutionary innovation is so central to plant identity that nearly all land plants use the same stomata to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Stomata are very small, microscopic, and important for photosynthesis.
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